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WO1994021353A1 - Traitement d'un fluide par un milieu filtrant, pour en eliminer les matieres colloidales - Google Patents

Traitement d'un fluide par un milieu filtrant, pour en eliminer les matieres colloidales Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994021353A1
WO1994021353A1 PCT/US1994/002799 US9402799W WO9421353A1 WO 1994021353 A1 WO1994021353 A1 WO 1994021353A1 US 9402799 W US9402799 W US 9402799W WO 9421353 A1 WO9421353 A1 WO 9421353A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
filter media
coagulant
providing
fluid
coagulant compound
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1994/002799
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Daniel L. Comstock
Lee A. Durham
Mark A. Warren
Bryce P. Anderson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Walker D W and Associates
Original Assignee
Walker D W and Associates
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US08/033,860 external-priority patent/US5374357A/en
Application filed by Walker D W and Associates filed Critical Walker D W and Associates
Priority to CA002158644A priority Critical patent/CA2158644C/fr
Priority to JP52118894A priority patent/JP3678743B2/ja
Priority to KR1019950703988A priority patent/KR100323152B1/ko
Priority to EP94911605A priority patent/EP0689474A1/fr
Publication of WO1994021353A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994021353A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D37/00—Processes of filtration
    • B01D37/03—Processes of filtration using flocculating agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
    • B01D24/02—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration
    • B01D24/10—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration the filtering material being held in a closed container
    • B01D24/105—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration the filtering material being held in a closed container downward filtration without specifications about the filter material supporting means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
    • B01D24/46—Regenerating the filtering material in the filter
    • B01D24/4631—Counter-current flushing, e.g. by air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
    • B01D2201/08—Regeneration of the filter
    • B01D2201/085—Regeneration of the filter using another chemical than the liquid to be filtered

Definitions

  • the contaminated fluid is passed through a media filter containing a packed, finely divided filter media material such as crushed coal, sand, and gravel.
  • the large particles in the fluid flow are captured within the filter media, for later removal by off-line backflushing.
  • the colloidal particles are not readily captured by the filter media, because they are so small that they pass through the passageways within the filter media.
  • the coagulant causes the colloidal particles to coalesce together into larger particles, which can be captured within the media filter.
  • a method of purifying a fluid flow comprises the steps of providing a coagulant compound in a form that can adsorb onto the surface of a filter media and providing in a media filter a finely divided solid filter media that can adsorb the coagulant compound at its surface.
  • the filter media is treated with the coagulant compound form such that a quantity of the coagulant compound is bound onto the surface of the filter media, in off-line treatment of the media filter.
  • the coagulant is of a stable, nontoxic type.
  • the method further includes providing a flow of a fluid containing colloidal matter, and passing the fluid through the filter media, in on-line operation of the media filter.
  • a dry filter media material comprises a finely divided filter media, and a coagulant compound bound by adsorption at the surface of the filter media.
  • the approach of the invention achieves optimal, self-regulated removal of colloidal matter from the fluid, as well as the removal of larger particles through the use of a filter media.
  • the consumption of expensive coagulant chemicals is reduced.
  • Adverse reactions with anti-sealants due to overdoses of coagulant are avoided.
  • the system of the invention can therefore be readily operated by unskilled operators.
  • the fluid which has been processed to remove solids can thereafter be treated by reverse osmosis or other technique to remove soluble impurities.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic drawing of a filtration system according to the invention, with an enlarged insert showing a filter media particle;
  • FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram of another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a system 120 according to the invention, and Figure 2 depicts the process steps associated with this system 120.
  • An input fluid flow 122 is introduced into a media filter 124, which contains a bed of particles of a filter media 126.
  • the "filter media” is a finely divided solid material which accomplishes filtration. In its normal use, it is contained within the "media filter” container.
  • Each filter media particle 128, also shown in a magnified view in Figure 1, comprises a substrate 160 and a bound (adsorbed) layer 162 of a coagulant compound.
  • a filter media substrate 160 Is first provided, numeral 60.
  • the particle 160 may be of any type operable to adsorb the selected coagulant.
  • Naturally occurring silica-based materials such as rocks, sand, and gravel have been found to adsorb conventional coagulants in varying degrees.
  • Carbon-based materials such as crushed coal and granular activated carbon can also adsorb coagulants.
  • glass beads may be rendered suitable for the present process by coating the beads with a binding agent such as polyaerylic acid and drying the beads. It is believed that the polyaerylic acid supplies electronegative groups on the surface of the glass beads to which the positively charged groups of the coagulant can bond. Any treatment which produces a suitably prepared surface on otherwise unsuitable candidate substrate materials would be operable.
  • operable binding agents such as other acrylics, epoxies, phenolics, sulfonated plastics, polyurethanes , silanes, ion exchange resins, and nylons can be used, or the substrate beads can be made in their entirety from such materials. After this surface treatment, the beads are then treated with coagulant compound, as next described, and used in the process.
  • the most successful naturally occurring filter media particle substrates 160 have been found to be carbon-chain materials, such as organic polymeric materials and others that may include additional atoms wherein carbon atoms are linked together by carbon-carbon bonds. Materials used as ion exchange resins have been found to be suitable, as they adsorb the coagulants well and have a high surface area due to their mode of manufacture.
  • the most effective ion exchange particle materials are cation exchange resins, with weak acid cation exchange resins such as methacrylate-divinyl- benzene resins (such as Rohm and Haas DP-1 resin) being preferred to strong acid cation exchange resins. Further, it is preferred that the ion exchange resin be in the spent (e.g., with sodium replaced by calcium and magnesium) form prior to adsorption of the coagulant.
  • weak acid cation exchange resins such as methacrylate-divinyl- benzene resins (such as Rohm and Haas DP-1 resin) being preferred to strong acid cation exchange resins.
  • the ion exchange resin be in the spent (e.g., with sodium replaced by calcium and magnesium) form prior to adsorption of the coagulant.
  • filter media materials include metals such as aluminum, steel, stainless steel, and copper; and ceramics such as porcelain, cement, fused alumina, and silicon carbide.
  • the filter media can also be made of new materials designed for enhanced operation when used in conjunction with the present invention. For example, it is desirable to have an inexpensive, noncorroding filter media material which has a relatively heavy weight to prevent loss of media during backwashing.
  • the filter media may be made of plastics having metal particles mixed therewith ("filled plastics") or weighted plastic filter media that are formed as hollow plastic shells with a dense metal weight within the interior hollow region.
  • the coagulant compound must be stable in the fluid being processed and must be nontoxic and environmentally acceptable. No functionality limitation on the type of coagulant compound has been found, and all types tested have been found operable. However, as will be discussed, some operable coagulant compounds are not preferred for use because they are unstable and/or potentially toxic or environmentally damaging.
  • the preferred coagulant compounds include poly(diallyl-dimethyl ammonium chloride) (DADMAC) type coagulants, such as Magnifloc 591C available commercially from American Cyanamid and as Filtermate 150 available commercially from Argo Scientific, and poly [oxyethylene (dimethyliminio) ethylene (dimethyliminio) ethylene dichloride having a molecular weight of about 2500 and available commercially as Mayosperse 60 from The Mayo Corporation.
  • DADMAC diallyl-dimethyl ammonium chloride
  • Magnifloc 591C available commercially from American Cyanamid and as Filtermate 150 available commercially from Argo Scientific
  • poly [oxyethylene (dimethyliminio) ethylene (dimethyliminio) ethylene dichloride having a molecular weight of about 2500 and available commercially as Mayosperse 60 from The Mayo Corporation.
  • the latter compound is most preferred because it is also a biocide that inhibits biological growth in the system.
  • Examples of other operable coagulant compounds include poly( 2-hydroxy-propyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chlorides ("EPi/DMA polymers") and quaternized polyamines such as poly[oxyethylene- (dimethyl-iminid ) ethylene(dimethyliminio ) ethylene dichloride.
  • EPi/DMA polymers poly( 2-hydroxy-propyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chlorides
  • quaternized polyamines such as poly[oxyethylene- (dimethyl-iminid ) ethylene(dimethyliminio ) ethylene dichloride.
  • polyamine coagulants are less preferred due to their instability.
  • the members of one class of polyamines are not to be used for presently known applications due to their potential toxicity.
  • the charge density of polyamines as a group is affected by the pH of the fluid contacting the coagulant. Most polyamines are sensitive to degradation by contact with chlorine.
  • One unique class of polyamines encompasses the non-quaternized polyamines such as formaldehyde-melamine polymers. Melamine formaldehyde coagulant in particular has the further disadvantage that commercial formulations may contain low residual contaminations of formaldehyde, a toxic material.
  • the filter media substrate particles 160 are treated with the selected coagulant compound to adsorb the layer 162 onto the surface of each particle 160, see numeral 64 of Figure 2.
  • the treatment can utilize a batch approach wherein the coagulant compound is introduced into the media filter 124 and allowed to remain for a period of time. More preferably, the treatment 64 is accomplished by a flow approach with the media filter 124 off-line. "Off-line" means that there is no input fluid flow 122 through the media filter 124.
  • the media filter 124 is taken off line by closing a valve 134 and a valve 136 to isolate the media filter 124.
  • Adsorption is accomplished by opening valves 164 and 166 to permit a flow of the liquid coagulant from a source 132 through the bed of filter media particles 160, for a period of time that is typically about 15 minutes.
  • the liquid coagulant is in a concentrated form, but may be slightly diluted without substantial interference with the adsorption process.
  • the concentrated liquid coagulant adsorbs onto the surface of the particles 160 more rapidly than does a diluted coagulant.
  • the excess unadsorbed coagulant can be discarded or returned to the source 132 for later reuse. In the latter case, there is typically some dilution, but the diluted coagulant from the source 132 can be reused until it can no longer achieve adsorption within an acceptable treatment time.
  • the coagulant compound is introduced into the process input fluid flow 122 for a period of time, usually about 15 minutes. During this period, the media filter outflow 150 is diverted to waste and not permitted to reach the RO unit 142 due to the high coagulant concentration. Thus, the media filter 124 remains off line during this treatment.
  • the valves 164 and 166 are closed. The valves 134 and 136 are opened, bringing the media filter 124 back on line.
  • the input fluid flow 22, numeral 66 resumes so that the fluid to be cleaned of particulate again flows through the filter media 126, numeral 68. No continuous flow of coagulant is added to the fluid flow 122 when the media filter 124 is on line in the preferred approach.
  • the adsorbed coagulant on the filter media 126 accomplishes the removal of colloidal matter in the fluid flow.
  • the fluid flow 150 leaving the media filter 124, clarified of large solid matter and small colloidal matter, may optionally be (and usually Is) further processed to remove dissolved matter, numeral 70.
  • this processing is accomplished with a reverse-osmosis unit 142, to produce an output fluid flow 144 that is clarified of solid and dissolved matter.
  • An anti-sealant flow 146 from a source 148 may be added to the fluid flow 150, after the fluid flow leaves the media filter 124 but before it enters the reverse-osmosis unit 142.
  • the anti-sealant inhibits the development of scaling in the reverse-osmosis unit.
  • a typical anti-sealant chemical is polyaerylic acid.
  • the present approach achieves a major improvement over the prior approach in regard to the anti-sealant addition.
  • a coagulant flow was added to the input fluid flow. If the coagulant flow rate at any moment was in excess of that required to agglomerate the colloidal matter concentration at that moment, some coagulant would pass through the media filter. This excess coagulant would react with the anti-sealant to produce a gummy residue in the reverse-osmosis unit. With the present approach, this problem is prevented because there is no continuous flow of coagulant.
  • Both the backwash step 72 and the treatment step 64 are accomplished with the media filter off line.
  • the backwash step and the treatment step to replenish the coagulant layer 162 are performed in the same off-line cycle.
  • the steps 72 and 64 can be done simultaneously, so that the coagulant mixes with the backflow, or serially, with the backwash 72 preferably completed prior to starting the coagulant treatment 64.
  • the coagulant can be flowed through the media filter mixed with input fluid flow and with the media filter off line. After these steps 72 and 64 are completed, the media filter 124 is brought back on line and fluid treatment continues.
  • the backwashing 72 and coagulant treatment 64 replenishing of the coagulant layer 162 permit the filter media material to be used in multiple cycles.
  • a dry, solid, finely divided, particulate filter media can be prepared as shown in Figure 3.
  • the filter media is provided, numeral 80 and the coagulant compound is provided, numeral 82.
  • the filter media is treated to adsorb coagulant onto its surface, numeral 84.
  • steps 80, 82, and 84 are respectively identical to the steps 60, 62, and 64 of Figure 2, and that discussion is incorporated here.
  • the particles are dried, numeral 86, to produce a granular solid material.
  • This material can be bagged or provided in bulk form to filter media users. It is a unique material, as no other filter media has an adsorbed coagulant layer. It can be used in systems which are not designed for backwash and regeneration processing. An example of such a system would be a water purification system that could be airlifted to a disaster area or battle area for quick response, without the weight associated with backwash and regeneration processing.
  • the candidate finely divided filter media materials were evaluated for their ability to adsorb coagulant.
  • the candidate substrate materials were styrene-divinyl benzene sulfonic acid, a strong acid cation exchange resin available commercially as Dowex 51-XB; methacrylic acid-divinyl benzene, a weak acid cationic exchange resin available commercially as Rohm & Haas Amberlite DP-1; xytel nylon available commercially from Dupont; untreated soda-lime silica glass available commercially from Cataphote; and coal/sand/garnet mixed filter media. No pre-adsorption surface preparation of the filter media particles was done.
  • Absorption testing was performed by shaking 10-25 cubic centimeters of the filter media substrate material in 50 millillters of a 100 ppm (parts per million) solution of the selected coagulant. The coagulant remaining in solution after the adsorption was measured with a Taylor polyquat test kit.
  • a sixth and seventh filter media material were prepared by first surface treating particulates in order to increase their adsorption of coagulant.
  • the sixth filter media material was prepared by treating soda-lime silica glass beads to increase their adsorption of coagulant.
  • the glass beads were first contacted to polyaerylic acid resin in the form of Liquitec Acrylic gel medium available from Binney & Smith, Easton, PA.
  • the glass beads were contacted to the polyaerylic acid resin and dried in a drum mixer for 12 hours.
  • the treatment was repeated to apply a second coating of the polyaerylic acid resin to the glass beads. After each treatment, most of the glass beads remained free flowing, but there was some lumping of glass beads together. The lumps, where present, could be easily broken up by hand.
  • the treated glass beads of the sixth filter media material were studied microscopically, and were observed to have irregular coatings of the polyacrylic acid resin. Further process development of the coating procedure is expected to improve the coating regularity and thence the performance of the sixth filter media material.
  • a seventh filter media material the surface properties of other glass beads were modified by coating the glass beads with polyaerylic acid, [CH2CH(C00H)-]n. To accomplish the coating, the glass beads were immersed in the polyaerylic acid for 30 minutes and thereafter removed from the polyaerylic acid and dried.
  • the sixth and seventh filter media material were tested for coagulant adsorption by the same approach as in Example 1.
  • the results, expressed in the same manner as in Example 1, are: polyaerylic acid resin treated glass/Mayosperse 60, 1.2; polyaerylic acid treated glass/Mayosperse 60, 6.0.
  • the adsorption for untreated glass/Mayosperse 60 was 0.5.
  • the surface treatment prior to adsorption was successful in both cases in increasing the absorption of the coagulant.
  • the ion exchange resins were evaluated as candidates for use as the filter media material, using the test apparatus described in Example 3 and the same surface of resin for each test.
  • the Dowex 51-XB resin was evaluated with (coated) and without (uncoated) the Filtermate 150 coagulant in the regenerated condition (sodium form) and the spent condition (calcium and magnesium form). No coagulant was added to the fluid flow in any of the tests. The results are as follows:
  • Example 3 Various combinations of filter media substrate, pretreatment, and media surface area were evaluated using the apparatus of Example 3. The media surface area was varied by varying the height of the amount of filter media material loaded into the column. The coagulant was Mayosperse 60 in each case.
  • any filter media increase the amount of colloids (i.e., turbidity) removed from the water.
  • the adsorption of coagulant improved the performance of natural materials such as the mixed-media material , ion exchange resins such as the Dowex 51-XB resin, and glass.
  • the glass beads of sample 12 are the sixth filter media material of Example 2, which were first pretreated with the polyaerylic acid resin prior to coagulant adsorption. The performance of these pretreated and adsorbed glass beads is the best attained with any of the filter media materials studied, achieving 97 percent colloids removal. Highly effective colloids removal can thus be achieved using inexpensive materials such as glass beads that have been pretreated prior to coagulant adsorption.
  • Example 3 Removal of colloids from water with an excessively high turbidity was studied.
  • the apparatus and approach of Example 3 were used, except that sufficient kaolin clay was added to achieve turbidity of 4.5 NTU.
  • the filter media material was 1050 square feet surface area of DP-1 resin with Mayosperse 60 coagulant adsorbed. About 97.7 percent of the colloids were removed.
  • the present invention thus improves the performance of media filtration systems.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)

Abstract

La matière colloïdale est éliminée d'un flux de fluide (122) en adsorbant d'abord un coagulant (162) sur la surface d'un milieu filtrant finement divisé (126) et ensuite en faisant passer le fluide contenant le colloïde (122) à travers le milieu filtrant (126). L'adsorption du coagulant (162) est faite après avoir coupé l'alimentation en milieu filtrant (126) et cette alimentation est remise en service pour filtrer le fluide. Après l'adsorption du coagulant (162) sur le milieu filtrant (126), il n'est pas nécessaire de continuer à alimenter le milieu filtrant en coagulant durant la filtration, car le coagulant adsorbé capte la matière colloïdale du fluide (122) et la retient sur la surface du milieu filtrant (126). La matière colloïdale captée est éliminée pendant le lavage à contre-courant du milieu filtrant (126).
PCT/US1994/002799 1993-03-19 1994-03-18 Traitement d'un fluide par un milieu filtrant, pour en eliminer les matieres colloidales Ceased WO1994021353A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002158644A CA2158644C (fr) 1993-03-19 1994-03-18 Traitement d'un ecoulement fluide a travers un media filtrant pour l'extraction des matieres colloidales
JP52118894A JP3678743B2 (ja) 1993-03-19 1994-03-18 コロイド状物質を除去するための濾過材による流体処理
KR1019950703988A KR100323152B1 (ko) 1993-03-19 1994-03-18 유체의여과방법과유체여과용필터입자의제조방법
EP94911605A EP0689474A1 (fr) 1993-03-19 1994-03-18 Traitement d'un fluide par un milieu filtrant, pour en eliminer les matieres colloidales

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/033,860 US5374357A (en) 1993-03-19 1993-03-19 Filter media treatment of a fluid flow to remove colloidal matter
US20787594A 1994-03-10 1994-03-10
US08/033,860 1994-03-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994021353A1 true WO1994021353A1 (fr) 1994-09-29

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PCT/US1994/002799 Ceased WO1994021353A1 (fr) 1993-03-19 1994-03-18 Traitement d'un fluide par un milieu filtrant, pour en eliminer les matieres colloidales

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WO (1) WO1994021353A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5580657A (en) * 1994-02-08 1996-12-03 Potters Industries Inc Durable polymeric deposits on inorganic material substrate
US5633085A (en) * 1994-06-10 1997-05-27 Potters Industries Inc. Durable composite particle and method of making same
EP0809607A4 (fr) * 1995-02-17 1999-11-10 Enviroguard Inc Milieu de separation autofloculant et procede de separation
WO2008014201A3 (fr) * 2006-07-28 2008-03-06 Gen Electric Procédé d'élimination et de récupération d'eau dans la fabrication d'un polymère
IT201600122632A1 (it) * 2016-12-02 2017-03-02 Torino Politecnico Metodo per il controllo della deposizione e/o destabilizzazione ritardata di colloidi e loro distribuzione in mezzi filtranti

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4190532A (en) * 1976-06-11 1980-02-26 Ecodyne Corporation Charged filter aid material and ion exchange bed
EP0437763A1 (fr) * 1989-12-18 1991-07-24 The Graver Company Méthode pour traiter des solutions aqueuses

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4190532A (en) * 1976-06-11 1980-02-26 Ecodyne Corporation Charged filter aid material and ion exchange bed
EP0437763A1 (fr) * 1989-12-18 1991-07-24 The Graver Company Méthode pour traiter des solutions aqueuses

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5580657A (en) * 1994-02-08 1996-12-03 Potters Industries Inc Durable polymeric deposits on inorganic material substrate
US5633085A (en) * 1994-06-10 1997-05-27 Potters Industries Inc. Durable composite particle and method of making same
EP0809607A4 (fr) * 1995-02-17 1999-11-10 Enviroguard Inc Milieu de separation autofloculant et procede de separation
WO2008014201A3 (fr) * 2006-07-28 2008-03-06 Gen Electric Procédé d'élimination et de récupération d'eau dans la fabrication d'un polymère
IT201600122632A1 (it) * 2016-12-02 2017-03-02 Torino Politecnico Metodo per il controllo della deposizione e/o destabilizzazione ritardata di colloidi e loro distribuzione in mezzi filtranti

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3678743B2 (ja) 2005-08-03
JPH08508196A (ja) 1996-09-03

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