WO1994017965A1 - Modular, miniaturized articulated mechanism symmetrically pivotable in one plane, for medical applications - Google Patents
Modular, miniaturized articulated mechanism symmetrically pivotable in one plane, for medical applications Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994017965A1 WO1994017965A1 PCT/EP1994/000170 EP9400170W WO9417965A1 WO 1994017965 A1 WO1994017965 A1 WO 1994017965A1 EP 9400170 W EP9400170 W EP 9400170W WO 9417965 A1 WO9417965 A1 WO 9417965A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- transmission
- partial
- mechanism according
- articulated
- carrier device
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J18/00—Arms
- B25J18/06—Arms flexible
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/70—Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/06—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by multi-articulated arms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/08—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by modular constructions
Definitions
- Modular, miniaturized articulated mechanism that can be pivoted symmetrically in one plane for use in medicine
- the invention relates to a multi-link articulated mechanism which is coupled to a carrier device and which can be pivoted symmetrically in one plane and which consists of a plurality of partial transmissions coupled one behind the other.
- the first of these is mounted on the carrier device.
- a tool can be placed on the last, far sub-transmission, which can be operated via a drive device passing through the sub-transmission.
- the articulated mechanism is intended for working in rooms that are not directly or difficult to access, in which obstacles have to be avoided or may not be touched and in which a certain amount of force has to be used.
- the attached tool is driven through the carrier device and the joint mechanism.
- a cantilever arm for a handling device which consists of more than three links articulated to one another to form a link chain.
- a single drive element is used to change the shape of the cantilever arm, by means of which movement is initiated into the cantilever arm by a base body.
- the adjusting elements are rods, each of which overlaps the link after the link in the link chain.
- the adjusting elements are gearwheels and / or gearwheel segments, via which the link chain is pivoted.
- the object on which the invention is based is to provide an articulated mechanism seated on a carrier device which can be pivoted symmetrically back and forth in a plane and about an elongated orientation, which can be held sufficiently stiffly in any pivoted-in position and over which it can be pivoted can be manipulated at its distal end while maintaining the position with a certain amount of force.
- the outer mechanism of the joint mechanism and the carrier device carrying it should also be sufficiently small and slim so that they can be used as an instrument or instrument carrier in minimally invasive surgery.
- the two components of a partial transmission can be manufactured so small and true to size using modern manufacturing methods that the joint mechanism can be pivoted with little play in one plane.
- the swivel range lies in this plane symmetrical to the straight alignment of the joint mechanism.
- the partial transmissions are mutually interchangeable. Their constructive design is such that costly adjustment work is no longer necessary when opposing each other. Furthermore, in the coupling areas of the joints, the structural design eliminates the need for pivot pins, which minimizes play remains reduced.
- the swiveling range can easily be expanded or reduced by the number of coupled partial transmissions.
- Figure 1 the coupled at the end of the carrier device
- Figure 2 two successive, disassembled sub-transmission
- Figure 3 Representation of the symmetrical pivoting range of the joint mechanism
- Figure 4 pivoting a partial joint and an immediately adjacent one in the coordinate system.
- FIG. 1 shows the articulated mechanism 2 coupled to the carrier device 1 together with the attached instrument 3, which is indicated as a gripper.
- the perspective view shows the inevitability of the partial transmissions coupled in series.
- the rocker 5 of the first subgear 4 is rigidly attached to the distal end of the carrier device 1 in its articulation point Ao and the coupling 6 of the first subgearbox in its articulation point Bo.
- the rocker 5 of the first partial transmission is designed as an angle lever and is deflected by a drive device which leads through the carrier device.
- the carrier device 1, the coupling 6 and the instrument 3 have a largest common diameter or transverse dimensions, which in any case is below or below.
- FIG. 2 Two successive partial joints from another exemplary embodiment are shown in a disassembled representation in FIG. 2.
- the two sub-transmissions 4 have a cylindrical envelope surface.
- the partial transmission 4, as shown in Figure 1, consist of two functional parts, namely the rocker 5 and the coupling 6.
- the rocker consists of two mirror-image halves 5a and 5b with the blind holes Bo and B, in the conical outgrowths 12 of the Coupling 6 engage or snap in and thus make additional pivot pins superfluous.
- Each coupling 6 has a passage 8, which here is a cylindrical bore and passes between the axes Bo and B. Through this, additional devices necessary for surgical work at the immediate operating site can lead.
- This passage 8 or also channel 8 has at least a clear width of 20% of the diameter of the cylindrical envelope surface.
- the halves 5a, 5b of the rocker 5 are kept at a distance via the four elevations 7 in the assembled state.
- the halves 5a, 5b each have a peninsular bulge A which, when the rocker 5 is assembled, is snapped into the immediately adjacent rocker 5 in an indentation Ao provided therefor.
- the bulge A forms a bearing block, around which the subsequent partial gearbox pivots. The pivoting movement of the partial gearbox is inevitable and the same here too.
- FIG. 3 shows an abstract representation of the symmetrical swivel range of the joint mechanism 2, which here consists of four there are coupled sub-transmissions.
- a partial transmission 4 consists of two parts:
- the first partial transmission 4 can be pivoted about its hinge axis Ao or the pivoting root 11 on the carrier device 1. This is not indicated here.
- the neutral fiber in the form of the polygon Ao-A, Ao-A, Ao-A, ... starts from the swivel root 11. In the stretched orientation, it becomes a straight line 10, which maintains its entire length in any pivot position.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate the modular structure of the individual partial transmissions 4, which are identical in their constructive design and in their kinematic dimensions.
- the inevitability is achieved by designing the structure as a series connection of closed, four-part meshes Ao-Bo -B- A reached. With a drive, starting at the root or the most distant sub-transmission 4, the pivoting is carried out in the plane.
- the number of coupled partial transmissions 4 determines the swivel range.
- FIG. 4 The abstracted structure of a partial transmission 4 is shown in FIG. 4.
- An associated coordinate system has its origin at point Ao.
- the neutral fiber Ao-A is deflected counterclockwise by the angle phi against the abscissa.
- the pivoting is effected by acting on the coupling 6 at point Bo or by acting on the rocker 5 at point Ao. This results in the angular relationship between two immediately adjacent sub-transmissions:
- a joint mechanism 2 can be realized which, in the stretched orientation, has a cylindrical envelope contour which can be kept small enough so that it can be used in minimally invasive surgery (MIC) is.
- the structure is modular, i.e. with little effort, the number of sub-transmissions of the mechanism by the user, e.g. B. by the surgeon, quickly and arbitrarily enlarge or reduce.
- the pivoting range of the articulated mechanism is easily predeterminable and in any case symmetrical to the stretched orientation.
- the articulation mechanism can be driven in two different ways:
- the drive movement takes place by articulating a pull rod on a transmission link connected to the carrier device (FIG. 1), whereby the pivoting is initiated on the first rocker arm or on the first coupling.
- a cable or band or the like is attached to the farthest sub-transmission with its one end and is guided along the hinge mechanism to the carrier device, deflected around a drive device there and then returned along the hinge mechanism to the farthest sub-transmission, where it has its other end is also anchored.
- the swiveling of the most distant sub-transmission is initiated.
- the inevitability of the partial swivels of the partial transmissions is predetermined by their construction, which also results in the quotient of the respective swivel angles psi and phi.
- Further drive devices for operating the instrument attached to the last partial transmission can run along the mutually coupling neutral fiber parts inside or laterally along the joint mechanism.
- the area of application of the articulated mechanism placed on the carrier device is not restricted to surgery alone. Possible applications are in handling technology or robot technology. For this purpose, only a modification or a corresponding dimensioning would have to be made for the intended application.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
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- Manipulator (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Modularer, in einer Ebene symmetrisch schwenkbarer, miniaturi¬ sierter Gelenkmechanismus für die Anwendung in der MedizinModular, miniaturized articulated mechanism that can be pivoted symmetrically in one plane for use in medicine
Die Erfindung betrifft einen an eine Trägereinrichtung ange¬ koppelten, vielgliedrigen, in einer Ebene symmetrisch schwenk¬ baren Gelenkmechanismus, der aus mehreren hintereinandergekop- pelten Teilgetrieben besteht. Das erste davon ist auf der Trä¬ gereinrichtung montiert. Am letzten, fernen Teilgetriebe ist ein Werkzeug aufsetzbar, das über eine durch die Teilgetriebe hindurchgehende Antriebseinrichtung bedient werden kann.The invention relates to a multi-link articulated mechanism which is coupled to a carrier device and which can be pivoted symmetrically in one plane and which consists of a plurality of partial transmissions coupled one behind the other. The first of these is mounted on the carrier device. A tool can be placed on the last, far sub-transmission, which can be operated via a drive device passing through the sub-transmission.
Der Gelenkmechanismus ist zum Arbeiten in nicht unmittelbar oder schwer zugänglichen Räumen vorgesehen,in denen Hinder¬ nisse umgangen werden müssen bzw. nicht berührt werden dürfen und in denen mit einem gewissen Kraftaufwand hantiert werden muß. Der Antrieb des aufgesetzten Werkzeugs erfolgt durch die Trägereinrichtung und den Gelenkmechanismus hindurch.The articulated mechanism is intended for working in rooms that are not directly or difficult to access, in which obstacles have to be avoided or may not be touched and in which a certain amount of force has to be used. The attached tool is driven through the carrier device and the joint mechanism.
In der OS 31 35 088 wird ein Auslegerarm für ein Handhabungs¬ gerät beschrieben, der aus mehr als drei gelenkig miteinander zu einer Gliederkette verbundenen Gliedern besteht. Zum Verän¬ dern der Form des Auslegerarms dient ein einziges Antriebsele¬ ment, durch das von einem Grundkörper eine Bewegung in den Auslegerarm eingeleitet wird.In OS 31 35 088 a cantilever arm for a handling device is described which consists of more than three links articulated to one another to form a link chain. A single drive element is used to change the shape of the cantilever arm, by means of which movement is initiated into the cantilever arm by a base body.
Im ersten vorgestellten Fall sind die Stellelemente Stangen, die jeweils auf das übernächste Glied der Gliederkette über¬ greifen. Im zweiten Fall sind die Stellelemente Zahnräder und/oder Zahnradsegmente, über die die Schwenkung der Glieder¬ kette erfolgt. In beiden Fällen ist vom Platzbedarf und vom Bauteileaufwand her eine räumliche Minimisierung des Ausleger¬ arms nur unter sehr großem Aufwand bzw. überhaupt nicht mög¬ lich, da einerseits die Gestänge aus Gründen der Festigkeit Mindestabmessungen aufweisen müssen und andererseits die in¬ einandergreifenden Zahnräder und Zahnradsegmente immer ein Verdrehspiel besitzen. Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe ist, einen auf ei¬ ner Trägereinrichtung aufsitzenden Gelenkmechanismus bereitzu¬ stellen, der hin und her in einer Ebene und um eine gestreckte Ausrichtung symmetrisch schwenkbar ist, der genügend steif in einer beliebig eingeschwenkten Position haltbar ist und über den mit einem an seinem fernen Ende aufgesetzten Werkzeug un¬ ter Einhalten der Position mit einem gewissen Kraftaufwand ma¬ nipuliert werden kann. Der Gelenkmechanismus und die ihn tra¬ gende Trägereinrichtung sollen zudem in äußeren Maßen ausrei¬ chend klein und schlank sein, damit sie als Instrument bzw. Instrumententräger in der minimal invasiven Chirurgie einsetz¬ bar sind.In the first case presented, the adjusting elements are rods, each of which overlaps the link after the link in the link chain. In the second case, the adjusting elements are gearwheels and / or gearwheel segments, via which the link chain is pivoted. In both cases, the space required and the amount of components required to minimize the space of the cantilever arm only with great effort or not at all, since on the one hand the linkages must have minimum dimensions for reasons of strength, and on the other hand the intermeshing gearwheels and gearwheel segments always have a backlash. The object on which the invention is based is to provide an articulated mechanism seated on a carrier device which can be pivoted symmetrically back and forth in a plane and about an elongated orientation, which can be held sufficiently stiffly in any pivoted-in position and over which it can be pivoted can be manipulated at its distal end while maintaining the position with a certain amount of force. The outer mechanism of the joint mechanism and the carrier device carrying it should also be sufficiently small and slim so that they can be used as an instrument or instrument carrier in minimally invasive surgery.
Die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 lösen diese Auf¬ gabe erfindungsgemäß durch den grundsätzlichen Aufbau der Teilgetriebe aus zwei Bauteilen und deren jeweils gleicharti¬ ger Bewegung während des Schwenkens.The characterizing features of claim 1 solve this task according to the invention by the basic structure of the partial transmission from two components and their respective identical movement during pivoting.
Die Unteransprüche kennzeichnen vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Gelenkmechanismus und zwei AntriebsVarianten durch die Trägereinrichtung hindurch. Letztere sind in den Ansprüchen 7 und 8 gekennzeichnet. Im Anspruch 9 schließlich wird dann auf¬ grund der Aufgabenstellung die äußere Form für den Einsatz des auf der Trägereinrichtung aufgesetzten Gelenkmechanismus in der minimal invasiven Chirurgie gekennzeichnet.The subclaims characterize advantageous configurations of the joint mechanism and two drive variants through the carrier device. The latter are characterized in claims 7 and 8. Finally, in claim 9 the outer shape for the use of the joint mechanism mounted on the carrier device in minimally invasive surgery is characterized on the basis of the task.
Die beiden Bauteile eines Teilgetriebes lassen sich mit moder¬ nen Fertigungsmethoden so klein und maßhaltig fertigen, daß ein spielarmes Schwenken des Gelenkmechanismus in einer Ebene durchgeführt werden kann. Der Schwenkbereich liegt in dieser Ebene symmetrisch zur gestreckten Ausrichtung des Gelenkmecha¬ nismus. Die Teilgetriebe sind gegenseitig austauschbar. Ihre konstruktive Gestaltung ist so, daß beim Aneinander oppeln aufwendige Justierarbeit entfällt. Desweiteren sind in den Koppelbereichen der Gelenke durch die konstruktive Gestaltung Gelenkzapfen entbehrlich, wodurch das Spiel auf ein Minimum reduziert bleibt. Der Schwenkbereich kann durch die -Anzahl an- einandergekoppelter Teilgetriebe leicht erweitert oder verrin¬ gert werden.-The two components of a partial transmission can be manufactured so small and true to size using modern manufacturing methods that the joint mechanism can be pivoted with little play in one plane. The swivel range lies in this plane symmetrical to the straight alignment of the joint mechanism. The partial transmissions are mutually interchangeable. Their constructive design is such that costly adjustment work is no longer necessary when opposing each other. Furthermore, in the coupling areas of the joints, the structural design eliminates the need for pivot pins, which minimizes play remains reduced. The swiveling range can easily be expanded or reduced by the number of coupled partial transmissions.
Zwei Ausführungsformen der Erfindung, die für den Einsatz in der minimal invasiven Chirurgie vorgesehen sind, werden in der Zeichnung vorgestellt und nachstehend beschrieben. Zur theore¬ tischen Erläuterung werden zwei Figuren hinzugezogen und be¬ schriebenTwo embodiments of the invention, which are intended for use in minimally invasive surgery, are presented in the drawing and described below. Two figures are used and described for the theoretical explanation
Es zeigt:It shows:
Figur 1 : den am Ende der Trägereinrichtung angekoppeltenFigure 1: the coupled at the end of the carrier device
Gelenkmechanismus mit am fernen Ende aufgesetzten Werkzeug bzw. chirurgischen Instrument;Joint mechanism with tool or surgical instrument attached at the far end;
Figur 2 : zwei hintereinanderliegende, zerlegte Teilgetriebe;Figure 2: two successive, disassembled sub-transmission;
Figur 3 : Darstellung des symmetrischen Schwenkbereichs des Gelenkmechanismus;Figure 3: Representation of the symmetrical pivoting range of the joint mechanism;
Figur 4 : Schwenkung eines Teilgelenks und eines unmittelbar benachbarten im Koordinatensystem.Figure 4: pivoting a partial joint and an immediately adjacent one in the coordinate system.
Den mit der Trägereinrichtung 1 gekoppelten Gelenkmechanismus 2 samt aufgesetztem Instrument 3, das als Greifer angedeutet ist, zeigt Figur 1. In der perspektivischen Darstellung kommt die Zwangläufigkeit der hintereinandergekoppelten Teilgetriebe zum Ausdruck.FIG. 1 shows the articulated mechanism 2 coupled to the carrier device 1 together with the attached instrument 3, which is indicated as a gripper. The perspective view shows the inevitability of the partial transmissions coupled in series.
In diesem Durchführungsbeispiel ist die Schwinge 5 des ersten Teilgetriebes 4 starr am fernen Ende der Trägereinrichtung l in ihrem Gelenkpunkt Ao und die Koppel 6 des ersten Teilge¬ triebes in ihrem Gelenkpunkt Bo drehbar befestigt. Die Schwinge 5 des ersten Teilgetriebes ist als Winkelhebel ausge¬ bildet und wird über eine Antriebseinrichtung, die durch die Trägereinrichtung führt, ausgelenkt. Um das Durchführen der zusammengebauten Anordnung durch einen Trokar zu ermöglichen, haben die Trägereinrichtung 1, die Kop¬ pel 6 und das Instrument 3 einen größten gemeinsamen Durchmes¬ ser bzw. Querausdehnungen, der auf jeden Fall darunter liegt bzw. die darunter liegen.In this exemplary embodiment, the rocker 5 of the first subgear 4 is rigidly attached to the distal end of the carrier device 1 in its articulation point Ao and the coupling 6 of the first subgearbox in its articulation point Bo. The rocker 5 of the first partial transmission is designed as an angle lever and is deflected by a drive device which leads through the carrier device. In order to enable the assembled arrangement to be carried out by a trocar, the carrier device 1, the coupling 6 and the instrument 3 have a largest common diameter or transverse dimensions, which in any case is below or below.
Zwei aufeinanderfolgende Teilgelenke von einem anderen Durch¬ führungsbeispiel sind in zerlegter Darstellung in Figur 2 dar¬ gestellt. In zusammengebauter und gestreckter Ausrichtung ha¬ ben die beiden Teilgetriebe 4 eine zylindrische Hüllfläche. Die Teilgetriebe 4 bestehen, wie in Figur 1 dargestellt, aus zwei Funktionsteilen, nämlich der Schwinge 5 und der Koppel 6. In diesem Durchführungsbeispiel besteht die Schwinge aus zwei spiegelbildlichen Hälften 5a und 5b mit den Sacklöchern Bo und B, in die kegelförmige Auswüchse 12 der Koppeln 6 eingreifen bzw. einschnappen und damit zusätzliche Gelenkzapfen über¬ flüssig machen. Jede Koppel 6 hat einen Durchlaß 8, der hier eine zylinderische Bohrung ist und zwischen den Achsen Bo und B hindurchgeht.Durch diesen hindurch können zusätzliche, für die chirurgische Arbeit am unmittelbaren Operationsort notwen¬ dige Einrichtungen führen. Dieser Durchlaß 8 oder auch Kanal 8 hat mindestens eine lichte Weite von 20 % des Durchmessers der zylindrischen Hüllfläche. Die Hälften 5a, 5b der Schwinge 5 werden in zusammengebauten Zustand über die vier Erhöhungen 7 auf Distanz gehalten.Two successive partial joints from another exemplary embodiment are shown in a disassembled representation in FIG. 2. In the assembled and extended orientation, the two sub-transmissions 4 have a cylindrical envelope surface. The partial transmission 4, as shown in Figure 1, consist of two functional parts, namely the rocker 5 and the coupling 6. In this exemplary embodiment, the rocker consists of two mirror-image halves 5a and 5b with the blind holes Bo and B, in the conical outgrowths 12 of the Coupling 6 engage or snap in and thus make additional pivot pins superfluous. Each coupling 6 has a passage 8, which here is a cylindrical bore and passes between the axes Bo and B. Through this, additional devices necessary for surgical work at the immediate operating site can lead. This passage 8 or also channel 8 has at least a clear width of 20% of the diameter of the cylindrical envelope surface. The halves 5a, 5b of the rocker 5 are kept at a distance via the four elevations 7 in the assembled state.
Die Hälften 5a, 5b haben je eine halbinselförmige Ausbuchtung A, die beim Zusammenbau der Schwinge 5 in die jeweils unmit¬ telbar benachbarte Schwinge 5 in eine dafür vorhandene Ein¬ buchtung Ao eingerastet wird. Die Ausbuchtung A bildet einen Lagerbock, um den das anschließende Teilgetriebe schwenkt. Die Schwenkbewegung der Teilgetriebe ist auch hier zwangläufig und gleichartig.The halves 5a, 5b each have a peninsular bulge A which, when the rocker 5 is assembled, is snapped into the immediately adjacent rocker 5 in an indentation Ao provided therefor. The bulge A forms a bearing block, around which the subsequent partial gearbox pivots. The pivoting movement of the partial gearbox is inevitable and the same here too.
Figur 3 zeigt in abstrahierter Darstellung den symmetrischen Schwenkbereich des Gelenkmechanismus 2, der hier aus vier hin- tereinandergekoppelten Teilgetrieben besteht. Ein Teilgetriebe 4 besteht aus zwei Teilen:FIG. 3 shows an abstract representation of the symmetrical swivel range of the joint mechanism 2, which here consists of four there are coupled sub-transmissions. A partial transmission 4 consists of two parts:
- der Schwinge 5, durch den Teil Ao-A der neutralen Faser 10 angedeutet,the rocker 5, indicated by the part Ao-A of the neutral fiber 10,
- und der Koppel 6, durch den neutralen Teil Bo-B angedeutet. Typisch für die Teilgetriebe sind, daß die jeweilige Koppel 6 die Schwinge 5 kreuzt.- And the coupling 6, indicated by the neutral part Bo-B. It is typical of the partial transmissions that the respective coupling 6 crosses the rocker 5.
Das erste Teilgetriebe 4 ist um seine Gelenkachse Ao bzw. die Schwenkwurzel 11 an der Trägereinrichtung 1 schwenkbar. Diese ist hier nicht angedeutet. Im allgemeinen geht von der Schwenkwurzel 11 die neutrale Faser in Form des Polygonzugs Ao-A, Ao-A, Ao-A,...aus. In gestreckter Ausrichtung wird sie zur Geraden 10, die in jeder Schwenklage ihre gesamte Länge beibehält.The first partial transmission 4 can be pivoted about its hinge axis Ao or the pivoting root 11 on the carrier device 1. This is not indicated here. Generally, the neutral fiber in the form of the polygon Ao-A, Ao-A, Ao-A, ... starts from the swivel root 11. In the stretched orientation, it becomes a straight line 10, which maintains its entire length in any pivot position.
Figur 2 und 3 verdeutlichen den modularen Aufbau der einzel¬ nen, in ihrer konstruktiven Gestaltung und in ihren kinemati¬ schen Abmessungen identischen Teilgetriebe 4. Die Zwangläufig¬ keit wird durch die Ausbildung der Struktur als eine Nachein¬ anderschaltung geschlossener, viergliederiger Maschen Ao-Bo-B- A erreicht. Mit einem Antrieb, an der Wurzel oder am fernsten Teilgetriebe 4 ansetzend, wird die Schwenkung in der Ebene vollführt. Die Anzahl gekoppelter Teilgetriebe 4 bestimmt den Schwenkbereich.FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate the modular structure of the individual partial transmissions 4, which are identical in their constructive design and in their kinematic dimensions. The inevitability is achieved by designing the structure as a series connection of closed, four-part meshes Ao-Bo -B- A reached. With a drive, starting at the root or the most distant sub-transmission 4, the pivoting is carried out in the plane. The number of coupled partial transmissions 4 determines the swivel range.
Der abstrahierte Aufbau eines Teilgetriebes 4 ist in Figur 4 dargestellt. Ein zugehöriges Koordinatensystem hat seinen Ur¬ sprung im Punkt Ao. Die neutrale Teilfaser Ao-A, ist hier um den Winkel phi gegen die Abszisse entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn ausgelenkt. Bewirkt wird die Schwenkung durch Einwirkung auf die Koppel 6 am Punkt Bo oder durch die Einwirkung auf die Schwinge 5 am Punkt Ao. Daraus ergibt sich die Winkelbeziehung zwischen zwei unmittelbar benachbarten Teilgetrieben:The abstracted structure of a partial transmission 4 is shown in FIG. 4. An associated coordinate system has its origin at point Ao. The neutral fiber Ao-A is deflected counterclockwise by the angle phi against the abscissa. The pivoting is effected by acting on the coupling 6 at point Bo or by acting on the rocker 5 at point Ao. This results in the angular relationship between two immediately adjacent sub-transmissions:
- schwenkt die erste Schwinge um den Koordinatenursprung um den Winkel phi, dann schwenkt die folgende um den Winkel psi, und zwar so daß das Verhältnis i = psi :phi = 2- The first rocker swings around the origin of the coordinate by the angle phi, then the following swings through the angle psi, so that the ratio i = psi: phi = 2
besteht. Diese Beziehung konnte mit den Durchführungsbei¬ spielen nach Figur 1 und 2 mit einer Genauigkeit in den End¬ stellungen von kleiner als 0,02 % eingehalten werden.consists. This relationship could be maintained with the implementation examples according to FIGS. 1 and 2 with an accuracy in the end positions of less than 0.02%.
Die Vorteile der oben beschriebenen Erfindung liegen zunächst in der konstruktiven Möglichkeit der Miniaturisierung der Teilgetriebe 4 bzw. ihrer jeweils beiden Bauteile, der Schwinge 5 und der Koppel 6, aufgrund des einfachen mechani¬ schen Aufbaus. Mit den aneinander gekoppelten, konstruktiv gleichen Teilgetrieben 4 läßt sich ein Gelenkmechanismus 2 re¬ alisieren, der in gestreckter Ausrichtung eine zylinderische Hüllkontur besitzt, die klein genug gehalten werden kann, da¬ mit ein Einsatz in der minimal invasiven Chirurgie (MIC) gege¬ ben ist. Der Aufbau ist.modular, d.h. mit geringem Aufwand ist die Anzahl der Teilgetriebe des Mechanismus vom Anwender, z. B. vom Chirurgen,rasch und beliebig zu vergrößern oder zu verkleinern. Der Schwenkbereich des Gelenkmechanismus ist da¬ durch leicht vorgebbar und in jedem Fall symmetrisch zur ge¬ streckten Ausrichtung. Der Antrieb des Gelenkmechanismus kann auf prinzipiell zwei verschiedene Arten erfolgen:The advantages of the invention described above lie first of all in the constructive possibility of miniaturizing the partial transmission 4 or its two components, the rocker arm 5 and the coupling 6, due to the simple mechanical construction. With the mutually coupled, structurally identical partial transmissions 4, a joint mechanism 2 can be realized which, in the stretched orientation, has a cylindrical envelope contour which can be kept small enough so that it can be used in minimally invasive surgery (MIC) is. The structure is modular, i.e. with little effort, the number of sub-transmissions of the mechanism by the user, e.g. B. by the surgeon, quickly and arbitrarily enlarge or reduce. As a result, the pivoting range of the articulated mechanism is easily predeterminable and in any case symmetrical to the stretched orientation. In principle, the articulation mechanism can be driven in two different ways:
1. Die Antriebsbewegung erfolgt durch Anlenken einer Zugstange auf eines mit der Trägereinrichtung verbundenen Getriebe¬ glieder (Figur 1) , wodurch die Schwenkung an der ersten Schwinge oder an der ersten Koppel eingeleitet wird.1. The drive movement takes place by articulating a pull rod on a transmission link connected to the carrier device (FIG. 1), whereby the pivoting is initiated on the first rocker arm or on the first coupling.
2. Am fernsten Teilgetriebe ist ein Seil oder Band oder ähnli¬ ches mit seinem einen Ende befestigt und wird entlang dem Gelenkmechanismus bis zur Trägereinrichtung geführt, um eine dortige Antriebseinrichtung umgelenkt und wieder entlang des Gelenkmechanismus zum fernsten Teilgetriebe zurückgeführt, wo es mit seinem anderen Ende ebenfalls verankert wird. Hier wird die Schwenkung am fernsten Teilgetriebe eingeleitet. Die Zwangläufigkeit der Teilschwenkungen der Teilgetriebe ist durch ihre Konstruktion vorgegeben, wodurchsich auch der Quo¬ tient der jeweiligen Schwenkwinkel psi und phi einstellt.2. A cable or band or the like is attached to the farthest sub-transmission with its one end and is guided along the hinge mechanism to the carrier device, deflected around a drive device there and then returned along the hinge mechanism to the farthest sub-transmission, where it has its other end is also anchored. Here the swiveling of the most distant sub-transmission is initiated. The inevitability of the partial swivels of the partial transmissions is predetermined by their construction, which also results in the quotient of the respective swivel angles psi and phi.
Weitere Antriebseinrichtungen zum Betreiben des am letzten Teilgetriebe aufgesetzten Instruments können entlang der an- einanderkoppelnden neutralen Faserteilen innerhalb oder seit¬ lich entlang des Gelenkmechanismus verlaufen.Further drive devices for operating the instrument attached to the last partial transmission can run along the mutually coupling neutral fiber parts inside or laterally along the joint mechanism.
Der Einsatzbereich des auf der Trägereinrichtung aufgesetzten Gelenkmechanismus ist nicht allein auf die Chirurgie be¬ schränkt. Einsatzmöglichkeiten sind in der Handhabungstechnik oder Robotertechnik gegeben. Dazu hätte nur eine Modifizierung bzw. eine entsprechende Dimensionierung für den vorgesehenen Anwendungsfall zu erfolgen. The area of application of the articulated mechanism placed on the carrier device is not restricted to surgery alone. Possible applications are in handling technology or robot technology. For this purpose, only a modification or a corresponding dimensioning would have to be made for the intended application.
BezuσszeichenlisteReference list
1 Trägereinrichtung1 carrier device
2 Gelenkmechanismus2 joint mechanism
3 Werkzeug, Instrument3 tool, instrument
4 Teilgetriebe4 sub-transmissions
5 Schwinge 5a Hälfte 5b Hälfte5 swing arm 5a half 5b half
6 Koppel6 paddocks
7 Erhöhung7 increase
8 Durchlaß, Kanal8 passage, channel
9 Ausrichtung9 Alignment
10 Faser10 fiber
11 Schwenkwurzel11 swivel root
12 kegelförmiger Auswuchs 12 conical outgrowth
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4303311A DE4303311A1 (en) | 1993-02-05 | 1993-02-05 | Modular, miniaturized articulated mechanism that can be pivoted symmetrically in one plane for use in medicine |
| DEP4303311.3 | 1993-02-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1994017965A1 true WO1994017965A1 (en) | 1994-08-18 |
Family
ID=6479705
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1994/000170 Ceased WO1994017965A1 (en) | 1993-02-05 | 1994-01-22 | Modular, miniaturized articulated mechanism symmetrically pivotable in one plane, for medical applications |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE4303311A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994017965A1 (en) |
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| DE102011107510A1 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2013-01-17 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Modular multi-hinge mechanism for use during minimally invasive surgery of patient, has pivotable elements interconnected by connection elements that are arranged in different planes arranged vertical to each other |
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| DE102020204683B4 (en) | 2020-04-14 | 2022-04-14 | Festo Se & Co. Kg | joint structure |
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| DE3135088A1 (en) * | 1981-09-01 | 1983-03-17 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., 8000 München | Extension arm, especially for handling devices |
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| US7338513B2 (en) | 2003-10-30 | 2008-03-04 | Cambridge Endoscopic Devices, Inc. | Surgical instrument |
| US7364582B2 (en) | 2003-10-30 | 2008-04-29 | Cambridge Endoscopic Devices, Inc. | Surgical instrument |
| US7147650B2 (en) | 2003-10-30 | 2006-12-12 | Woojin Lee | Surgical instrument |
| US7842028B2 (en) | 2005-04-14 | 2010-11-30 | Cambridge Endoscopic Devices, Inc. | Surgical instrument guide device |
| US9427256B2 (en) | 2005-07-20 | 2016-08-30 | Cambridge Endoscopic Devices, Inc. | Surgical instrument guide device |
| US10188372B2 (en) | 2005-07-20 | 2019-01-29 | Cambridge Endoscopic Devices, Inc. | Surgical instrument guide device |
| US8926597B2 (en) | 2005-07-20 | 2015-01-06 | Cambridge Endoscopic Devices, Inc. | Surgical instrument guide device |
| US7615067B2 (en) | 2006-06-05 | 2009-11-10 | Cambridge Endoscopic Devices, Inc. | Surgical instrument |
| US9005238B2 (en) | 2007-08-23 | 2015-04-14 | Covidien Lp | Endoscopic surgical devices |
| US8968355B2 (en) | 2008-08-04 | 2015-03-03 | Covidien Lp | Articulating surgical device |
| US9883880B2 (en) | 2008-08-04 | 2018-02-06 | Covidien Lp | Articulating surgical device |
| US9168050B1 (en) | 2011-03-24 | 2015-10-27 | Cambridge Endoscopic Devices, Inc. | End effector construction |
| DE102011107510A1 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2013-01-17 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Modular multi-hinge mechanism for use during minimally invasive surgery of patient, has pivotable elements interconnected by connection elements that are arranged in different planes arranged vertical to each other |
| DE102011107510B4 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2022-07-14 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Modular multi-bar mechanism |
| DE102012220666A1 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2014-05-15 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Modular multi-hinge mechanism for use in minimal invasive surgery, has multiple links arranged in rows and connected with each other by main hinge, where main hinge has two pivot axes |
| DE102012220666B4 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2021-09-02 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Modular multi-joint mechanism |
| DE102014224268A1 (en) | 2014-11-27 | 2016-06-02 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Endoscopic instrument |
| DE102014224268B4 (en) | 2014-11-27 | 2019-05-16 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Endoscopic instrument and method for grasping structures |
Also Published As
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|---|---|
| DE4303311A1 (en) | 1994-08-11 |
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