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WO1994016861A1 - Appareil d'alimentation en temps reel d'un systeme de traitement par projection de glace - Google Patents

Appareil d'alimentation en temps reel d'un systeme de traitement par projection de glace Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994016861A1
WO1994016861A1 PCT/IB1994/000007 IB9400007W WO9416861A1 WO 1994016861 A1 WO1994016861 A1 WO 1994016861A1 IB 9400007 W IB9400007 W IB 9400007W WO 9416861 A1 WO9416861 A1 WO 9416861A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ice
rollers
spikes
roller
drum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB1994/000007
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William D. Fraresso
Somyong Wisaisouk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ICE BLAST INTERNATIONAL Ltd
Original Assignee
ICE BLAST INTERNATIONAL Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ICE BLAST INTERNATIONAL Ltd filed Critical ICE BLAST INTERNATIONAL Ltd
Priority to AU58424/94A priority Critical patent/AU5842494A/en
Publication of WO1994016861A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994016861A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C5/00—Working or handling ice
    • F25C5/02—Apparatus for disintegrating, removing or harvesting ice
    • F25C5/04—Apparatus for disintegrating, removing or harvesting ice without the use of saws
    • F25C5/046—Ice-crusher machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/003—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods using material which dissolves or changes phase after the treatment, e.g. ice, CO2
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
    • B24C7/0046—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a gaseous carrier
    • B24C7/0069—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a gaseous carrier with means for preventing clogging of the equipment or for preventing abrasive entering the airway
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C1/00—Producing ice
    • F25C1/12—Producing ice by freezing water on cooled surfaces, e.g. to form slabs
    • F25C1/14—Producing ice by freezing water on cooled surfaces, e.g. to form slabs to form thin sheets which are removed by scraping or wedging, e.g. in the form of flakes
    • F25C1/142—Producing ice by freezing water on cooled surfaces, e.g. to form slabs to form thin sheets which are removed by scraping or wedging, e.g. in the form of flakes from the outer walls of cooled bodies

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus for use in material removal from a substrate surface by air blast techniques and more particularly by the air blasting of freshly formed ice particles to perform work on the substrate surface.
  • Particle blasting has been employed for some time to remove material from surface structures.
  • Sand blasting and other types of grit blasting have been used to remove surface finishes from building exteriors, vehicle surfaces, mechanical parts and the like.
  • Sand or grit blasting requires expensive recovery systems to reduce pollution and other environmental hazards.
  • Water can be used in conjunction with the grit blasting procedure to reduce particle losses and consequent harm to the environment.
  • the blasting of ice particles resolves a number of the above problems so that several attempts have been made in providing commercially viable ice blasting equipment. It is appreciated that the blasting of ice particles provides significantly less environmental harm because subsequent to impact the ice particles melt hence assisting in the removal and disposal of abraded material. As a result there is a considerable reduction in fines contributed to the environment. Due to the nature of ice particles, there are several problems associated with blasting the ice particles to achieve sufficient work on the surface to be treated. By their nature, ice particles are not free-flowing. Normally, to provide an accumulation of ice particles during machine shut-down and the like, an inventory of ice particles is provided by various mechanical devices interposed between the ice making system and the blast nozzle.
  • U.S. Patent 4,703,590 discloses a particle moulding apparatus suitable for moulding ice particles for blasting purposes. As the ice particles are formed, they are collected in a reservoir at the base of the moulding machine. As the blast system is operated, particles are sucked from the reservoir in the moulding apparatus and transported to the nozzle for purposes of doing work. However, it has been found that the inventory of ice particles within the reservoir of the ice particle making device still causes ice packing and subsequent system clogging, particularly during intermittent blasting operations.
  • an apparatus and methods carried out in such apparatus are now provided which overcome the above problems in a direct manner where intermittent delivery of the ice particles is readily accommodated. This has been achieved by supplying in real time and on demand, the ice particles required at the blast nozzle. The freshly formed ice particles are immediately delivered to the blast nozzle at the mass flow-rate at which they are created. Undesirable accumulation of the ice particles in the system is thereby avoided.
  • an apparatus is provided for forming fresh ice particles of a desired sizing and at a desired mass flow rate suitable for use in ice blasting equipment.
  • the apparatus comprises: i) counter-rotatable first and second rollers for fracturing ice and having a nip to receive and direct ice flakes or sheets between the rollers at the desired mass flow rate, ii) each of the counter-rotatable ice fracturing cylindrical rollers having a uniform array of parallel rows of a plurality of spikes extending parallel to a longitudinal axis for each roller, the plurality of spikes in each row being uniformly and equally spaced apart, circumferentially of each of the cylindrical rollers, iii) the rollers in counter-rotating position having their respective longitudinal axis spaced apart a distance to mesh opposing spikes on the rollers, iv) means for counter-rotating the meshed rollers at a circumferential velocity which fractures ice flakes or sheets introduced to the nip at the desired mass flow rate, v) means for fixing relative meshed synchronized rotational position of the rollers to locate a row of the rows of spikes of the first roller between an adjacent
  • an ice maker is provided in combination with the ice fracturing rollers.
  • the ice maker is located above the counter-rotating rollers where the nip of the rollers extends horizontally to receive downwardly flowing ice flakes and/or sheets from the ice maker.
  • the ice maker comprises: i) a rotatable chilled rotating drum partially immersed in a water bath, ii) means for supporting the drum in the bath with a circumferential portion exposed to permit a thin sheet of water on the drum to freeze into a sheet of ice on the exposed circumferential portion, iii) means for chilling the drum to a reduced temperature sufficient to freeze a sheet of water during travel through the exposed circumferential portion which extends from water line of a water bath around to a downwardly directed portion of the drum, iv) means for lifting a continuously forming sheet of ice from the drum, the ice sheet lifting means being positioned at the downwardly directed portion of the drum to lift ice sheet from the drum and direct such lifted ice sheet downwardly towards the nip of the ice fracturing rollers, and v) means for transferring lifted ice sheet downwardly into the nip of the ice fracturing rollers.
  • an apparatus for air blasting freshly formed ice particles toward a substrate to perform work on a substrate surface.
  • the apparatus comprises: i) the ice maker and the ice fracturing rollers, ii) an ice blast nozzle, iii) a hose for delivering blast air to the blast nozzle, iv) a hose for delivering ice particles to the blast nozzle, v) the blast nozzle developing a reduced pressure in the ice particle delivery hose, by virtue of blast air travelling through the blast nozzle, vi) means for directing ice particles from the ice fracturing rollers to the ice particle delivery hose, the reduced pressure developed in the ice particle delivery hose being sufficient to withdraw ice particles from the ice particle directing means at a mass flow rate at which the rollers generate ice particles.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of the ice blasting apparatus according to this invention.
  • Figures 2A and 2B schematically demonstrate the work performed by ice particles having internal fractures.
  • Figures 3A, 3B and 3C schematically demonstrate the work performed by ice particles made in accordance with the ice fracturing unit of this invention.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the ice maker and ice fracturing rollers of this invention.
  • Figure 5 is a section through the ice maker and ice fracturing system of Figure 1.
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged view showing the alignment of the ice fracturing spikes on the rollers.
  • Figure 7 is a section through opposing rollers as intermeshed to demonstrate the depth relationship of the spikes.
  • Figure 8 is a section through the two rollers as intermeshed showing greater spacing between the spikes for purposes of forming larger ice particles.
  • Figure 9 is an enlarged view of the section of the ice fracturing rollers of
  • Figure 10 is a planned view of the ice fracturing roller of Figure 9.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the ice blast apparatus of Figure 1 with its sensor points indicated in ovals and its control points indicated in rectangular boxes.
  • Figure 12 which appears with Figure 5, is a partial section through an ice blast nozzle.
  • the ice fracturing system in accordance with this invention, can be used with various types of mobile or stationary ice blasting systems.
  • the system may be sufficiently compact for use in a production line such as being mounted adjacent conveyed articles which are to be treated with the ice blast system by blasting ice particles onto the conveyed articles.
  • a mobile ice blast system is shown in Figure 1.
  • the ice blast system 10 is mounted on a frame 12 having wheels 14.
  • the frame 12 has an upper cover 16 with an intermediate shelve 18 and a lower shelve 20.
  • the shelves 18 and 20 are connected to the uprights 22 of the frame 12.
  • High pressure air is delivered to the system 10 through high pressure air hose 24.
  • ice particles are delivered through the ice particle delivery hose 26.
  • High pressure air from hose 24 is directed to the blast hose 28.
  • the high pressure air merges with the ice particles in line 26 at the blast nozzle 30.
  • An operator actuated switch 32 is provided on the blast nozzle to effect the desired blasting of ice particles onto a surface to be treated.
  • the ice particle forming system of this invention provides ice particles of a desired size on demand and only when needed at the blast nozzle 30. This avoids any accumulation of ice particles in the ice making/ice fracturing system generally designated 34.
  • the hoses 26 and 28 may extend for considerable distances depending upon the use to which the ice blast system is put. Usually the hoses are of a length in the range of 20 to 100 metres.
  • the hose lengths may be shorter, such as in the range of 5 to 20 metres. It is also appreciated that the ice blast system may feed ice particles to a blast nozzle located within less than a metre of the system for purposes of ice blasting devices on a conveyor system or the like.
  • the ice blast system is controlled by a process controller 36 mounted to control panel 37.
  • the control points and sensors therefor and the functioning of the process controller will be discussed in more detail with respect to Figure 11.
  • the process controller 36 may be programmed to provide a delay of 3 seconds after the switch 32 is actuated and is maintained in the "on" position to avoid false starts due to accidental triggering of the switch.
  • a refrigerated ice maker 38 is provided which directs formed ice flakes and sheets into a device for transferring ice sheets downwardly.
  • the ice transfer device 40 is in the form of a chute which directs the ice flakes into the ice fracturing unit 42.
  • the ice fra ⁇ uring unit 42 fractures the ice sheets and flakes into ice particles of a desired size which are transferred by a funnel 44 into the ice particle transport hose 26.
  • the ice fracturing device 44 fractures the ice sheets and ice flakes at the mass flow rate at which the ice sheet and flakes are formed by the ice maker 38.
  • the size of the ice particle forming system 34 is selected to supply in hose 26 a sufficient mass flow rate of ice particles to meet the demands for ice particle blast treatment at the nozzle 30.
  • FIG. 1 Details of the ice maker and ice fracturing unit are discussed further in Figure 4.
  • water is supplied to the ice maker 38 through water line 46. Cooling air, as required, is introduced to the ice maker through air line 48.
  • Refrigerant to cool the ice maker 38 is provided via refrigerant line 50.
  • the motor 52 for rotating the ice making drum is provided on the outside of the ice maker 38.
  • the motor for rotating the ice fra ⁇ uring rollers of the ice fra ⁇ uring unit 42 is provided at 54.
  • a refrigeration unit for cooling the ice making device 38 and as well supplying, as needed, cool air within the ice making device 34 is provided on the system frame 12.
  • the refrigerant unit includes a compressor 56 mounted on shelf 20.
  • the condenser 58 with condenser cooling fans 60 is also mounted on the same shelf.
  • the return line for the refrigerant to the condenser 58 is provided in line 62.
  • Compressed refrigerant is provided in line 64 for delivery to the ice maker 38 and the air chiller 68.
  • Refrigerant is introduced to the chiller 68 through line 70 and retrieved from the chiller 68 through line 72.
  • the refrigerant, as introduced to the ice making device 38, is as already noted, through line 50.
  • the high pressure supply of air in line 24 is split at valve 74 where the majority of high pressure air is dire ⁇ ed through line 78 where at coupling 80, feeds high pressure air into line 28.
  • a minor portion of the high pressure air, as regulated by control valve 74, is fed into the dryer 66 through line 82. After the minor portion of air exits the dryer 66 through line 84 the air is chilled in the chiller 68 and exits the chiller through line 86 for coupling to line 48 to supply as need chilled air to the ice particle forming system 34.
  • One of the significant advantages of the ice particle forming device 34 of this invention is that the ice particles, as provided at the blast nozzle 30, have minimal internal fra ⁇ uring.
  • the outer layer 94 has been impa ⁇ ed by the particle 88. However, due to internal fra ⁇ uring 96 of the particle, the particle 88 immediate disintegrates into a plurality of subparticles 98 with little, if any, work having been done on the coating 94. Conversely, as demonstrated in Figures 3A, 3B and 3C, ice particles 100, as made by the apparatus and process of this invention, do not include extensive internal fra ⁇ uring. Instead, the particles tend to be relatively clear compared to panicles such as 88 made by prior forms of ice crushing devices. The particles 100 are blasted towards the substrate 90 in the dire ⁇ ion of arrow 102 to perform work on the exterior coating 94.
  • the particle 100 because it is not internally fra ⁇ ured, causes the coating 94 to compress at 104 where there may be some yielding in the substrate 90 as well.
  • Such compression as achieved by the superior particles 100 causes the surface 94 to rebound as at 106 in Figure 3C. It is thought that on the rebound the particle 100 disintegrates into the subparticles 108.
  • a fra ⁇ ure in the surface 94 is achieved such that as other particles commence impa ⁇ ing the same area, the surface medium is removed.
  • the ice fra ⁇ uring system is capable of fra ⁇ uring ice sheets and flakes made by the ice making unit where the ice particles are immediately transferred to the ice transport hose 26.
  • the ice making unit 38 contains a water bath 110 in which a chilled rotatable drum 112 is emersed.
  • the refrigerant which enters line 50 passes through the central tube 114 to chill the body portion 116 of the drum.
  • the motor 52 rotates the drum in the dire ⁇ ion of arrow 118. As the drum rotates in the dire ⁇ ion of arrow 118 a thin film of water 120 is picked up on the surface of the drum.
  • the sheet of water 120 commences to freeze and is essentially frozen by the time the sheet reaches the upper circumferential position of the drum.
  • Do ⁇ or blade 126 as mounted on angled support 128 conta ⁇ s the surface 130 of the drum to lift the freshly formed sheet of ice from the drum surface along the do ⁇ or blade 126 as shown in dot at 127.
  • the sheet of ice 132 formed on the surface 130 of the drum develops cracks 134 to form sheet portions which become ice flakes 136 or small ice sheets when lifted by the do ⁇ or blade 126.
  • Chilled air or normal compressed air may be introduced through air inlet 48 which dire ⁇ s the air to an air manifold 138.
  • the air manifold has a plurality of holes 140 dire ⁇ ing blasts of air in the dire ⁇ ion of arrow 142 onto the surface of the do ⁇ or blade 126 and over the support 128.
  • the air blast assists in moving the flakes and sheets of ice 136 along the surface 128 and into the chute 40, as shown in Figure 1 where the ice travels downwardly in the dire ⁇ ion of arrow 144.
  • the ice fra ⁇ uring rollers 146 and 148 are located below the ice making unit 38.
  • the ice fra ⁇ uring unit 42 has the ice fra ⁇ uring rollers 146 and 148 positioned so as to provide a nip 150 which extends horizontally of the ice fra ⁇ uring unit 42.
  • the ice sheets and flakes 136 are then dire ⁇ ed into the nip 150 where the ice fra ⁇ uring rollers 146 and 148 fra ⁇ ure such ice flakes and sheets into the desired ice particles 100.
  • the rollers 146 and 148 are operated at a speed to process the ice sheets and flakes at the mass flow rate at which they are generated by the ice making unit 38.
  • the rollers are mounted on shafts 154 and 156 and mounted in a support block with appropriate bearings 158.
  • the support block 158 has elongate apertures 160 and 162, where aperture 162 permits relative movement between the rollers toward and away from each other to provide for adjustment in the extent to which the rollers intermesh.
  • the purpose of this adjustment is to vary the size of the ice particles in a manner to be discussed with respe ⁇ to Figures 6, 7 and 8. It will also be explained with respe ⁇ to those Figures that the particle sizing can also be varied by altering depth of fra ⁇ uring proje ⁇ ions on the rollers.
  • the rollers are driven by respe ⁇ ive gear trains comprising gears 164 and 166 keyed to the rollers 146 and 148.
  • the gears are designed and mounted in a manner to permit this lateral adjustment between the rollers 146 and 148.
  • the shaft 154 is driven by the motor 54 to effe ⁇ the desired synchronized rotation of the rollers 146 and 148 through gears 164 and 166.
  • the synchronized rotation of the rollers 146 and 148 is such to always ensure a processing of the ice sheet and flakes.
  • the rate of rotation may be varied depending upon the mass flow rate of ice generated by the ice making unit 38.
  • the gears 164 and 166 are keyed to the rollers 146 and 148 in a manner to be described with respe ⁇ to Figures 9 and 10, to ensure that the fra ⁇ uring spikes on the rollers are properly intermeshed to avoid damaging of the spike edges.
  • rollers 146 and 148 may be provided, although for purposes of illustration and for simplicity in constru ⁇ ion, the first and second gear trains 164 and 166 are the preferred form of drive devices which as noted are appropriately keyed to the shafts 154 and 156 to fix the relative rotational synchronized meshed position for the counter-rotating ice fra ⁇ uring rollers 146 and 148.
  • the ice maker 32 has a bottom wall 168, opposing side walls 170 and 172 and end walls (not shown) to define the enclosure for containing the water bath 110.
  • the hollow shaft 114 for the drum 112 is mounted in the end walls of the ice making stru ⁇ ure to fix the position with the drum partially emersed in the water bath 110.
  • An appropriate level sensor or the like may be provided such as schematically shown at 43 to maintain the level of the water for the water bath 110.
  • the process controller 36 then supplies water through a solenoid-controlled valve in line 46 to maintain the level of water within the sensor level 43.
  • the sloping surface 128 on which the do ⁇ or blade 126 is mounted provides a smooth surface along which the ice flakes and sheets 136 slide with the assistance of blast air 142.
  • the surface 128 leads into chute 42 which dire ⁇ s the ice flakes 136 into the nip region 150 of the ice fra ⁇ uring rollers 146 and 148.
  • the chute 42 has opposing side walls 176 and 178 and opposing end walls 180 with tapered end walls 182 as shown in Figure 1. It is desirable to provide on the inside surfaces of the walls of the chute 42, a smooth slippery surface which has a low heat transfer coefficient or low K-fa ⁇ or. This low K-fa ⁇ or ensures that the surface can be cooled rapidly to reduce cool down time.
  • the inner surface is of a smooth cured polymer material 184 such as a natural or synthetic butadiene rubber.
  • the polymer material is insulated on the outside with a soft resilient foam such as a closed cell polyurethane foam 186.
  • the smooth cured surface for the coating 184 ensures that the particles slide along the chute and funnel portions.
  • the sloped surface 128 which leads into the chute is also made with the same material to ensure that the developed flakes and sheets and particles do not hang up on the surfaces of the chute and funnel.
  • the motor 54 counter-rotates the ice fra ⁇ uring rollers 146 and 148 in the dire ⁇ ion of arrows 152 at a speed to ensure that all ice flakes and sheets 136 which arrive at the nip region 150 for the rollers are immediately fra ⁇ ured and formed into the ice particles 100.
  • the chute 42 dire ⁇ s the ice sheets and flakes 136 in a dire ⁇ ion of arrow 188 into the nip region of the counter-rotating rollers.
  • these ice fra ⁇ uring rollers are designed to fra ⁇ ure rather than crush the ice flakes and sheets to form ice particles with minimal internal damage.
  • the rollers are rotated at a speed to always handle the mass flow rate of ice generated by the ice making device 38 so that the ice particles are generated and move in the dire ⁇ ion of arrow 190 at a mass flow rate determined by the ice making device 38.
  • the ice is removed from the funnel device 44 through an opening 192 to which the ice particle transport hose 26 is coupled at 194.
  • the ice transport hose 26 is under reduced pressure as caused by the venturi arrangement for the blast nozzle 30.
  • a se ⁇ ion of the blast nozzle is shown in Figure 12.
  • the nozzle 30 has coupled thereto the high pressure air blast hose 28 and the ice particle delivery hose 26.
  • the high pressure air enters the blast nozzle through bore 196 which leads to a venturi throat 198.
  • the high pressure air expands in the low pressure side of the venturi at 200 to develop a low pressure in the region of circumferential aperture 202.
  • the low pressure developed at aperture 202 establishes the low pressure or reduced pressure in the ice particle delivery hose 26 through the bore 204 within the blast nozzle which leads to the hose 26. That reduced pressure is transmitted through the hose 26 and into the ice particle making system 34.
  • the reduced pressure in the hose 26 is equalized by the blast air 142 emerging from the manifold 138.
  • Sufficient blast air is provided through the manifold 138 to essentially equalize the reduced pressure in line 26.
  • This passage of air ensures that all ice particles 100 travelling in the dire ⁇ ion of arrow 190 exit the funnel 44 through the aperture 192 into the hose 26.
  • the makeup air 142 may be either warm air derived from the high pressure delivery line 24 or it may be chilled through the chiller 68, as discussed with respe ⁇ to Figure 1.
  • the makeup air 142 need not be chilled.
  • the ice blast apparatus is setup above a conveyor system and the ice particles may only be delivered in the range 2 to 3 m, then at the velocity at which the ice particles travel through the hose and as processed through the ice particle making system 34, there is no need to chill the makeup air 142.
  • the blast nozzle is located in the range of 20 to 100 metres from the blasting apparatus the makeup air should then be cooled to ensure that the ice particles do not appreciably soften and/or melt in the transport through the hose 26.
  • the hose 26 is normally insulated with a form insulation such as polyurethane foam 208.
  • the form has a durable hardened exterior which tends to resist or minimize damage to the hose surface during use.
  • the makeup air 142 when chilled, ensures that the ice particle forming system 34 and the transport hose 26 remain cool. To achieve this delivery of the cool makeup air through the hose 26 when the blasting operation is on pause or momentary interrupt with the unit in the ready phase, a reduced amount of blast air continues to pass through line 28 to develop the reduced pressure in the hose 26.
  • the drum 112 which is immediately chilled to recommence the formation of ice.
  • the manifold can be replaced by providing in the ice maker or ice fra ⁇ uring unit, such as opening 177 in the cover 175 for the ice maker.
  • the reduced pressure in the hose 26 draws ambient air through the cover opening to equalize reduced pressure in the hose.
  • cleaning bars 212 and 214 may be positioned beneath the fra ⁇ uring rollers 146 and 148. The purpose of these cleaning bars 212 and 214 will be discussed in more detail with respe ⁇ to Figures 9 and 10. They are provided to ensure that ice does not hang up or accumulate between the spiked portions of the counter- rotating rollers.
  • insulative material 216 and 218 is provided around portions of the roller to reduce external heating of the rollers 146 and 148.
  • the fra ⁇ uring of the ice sheets and flakes is accomplished by rows of opposing spikes on the counter-rotating rollers which are laterally offset relative to one another to mesh with one another during their counter- rotation.
  • roller 146 has a plurality of spikes generally designated 220.
  • Schematically represented above roller 146 is the surface of roller 148 having a plurality of proje ⁇ ing spikes 222.
  • the system of this invention forms the ice particles by fra ⁇ uring the sheets or flakes of ice.
  • the opposing spiked portions crack the ice sheet to cause the ice particles to form. It has been found that by the spatial array of the opposing spikes, the formed ice particles are of a relatively consistent sizing depending upon the depth or extent to which the spikes of one roller proje ⁇ within the spaces between the spikes of the other roller.
  • the spike tips 224 of roller 146 are provided in a pyramidal four-side stru ⁇ ure 226.
  • the opposing spike tips 228 are provided by the corresponding pyramidal stru ⁇ ure 230.
  • the spikes on roller 148 are positioned to proje ⁇ into the valley defined between four adjacent spikes.
  • spike tip 228 is aligned with the interse ⁇ ion of the valleys between four adjacent spikes 220. That point is designated 232 with the arrow 234 indicating the alignment of the spike tip 228 with the point 232 on the roller 146.
  • the tip 228 of roller 148 is aligned with the recess or valley interse ⁇ ion 232 of roller 146.
  • the space or distance between the respe ⁇ ive spikes 224 or 228 and the corresponding valley portions 232 or 236 are indicated by the dimension x in Figure 7.
  • the y dimension is at least twice, if not three times, the x dimension. In a ⁇ ual fa ⁇ it has been found that fra ⁇ uring of the ice sheets can still be achieved even when the spike portions 228 and 224 barely overlap or are slightly spaced apart and do not overlap at all.
  • the principle in fra ⁇ uring the ice sheet and flake is to apply opposing pressure points to the ice where the pressure points from one side define a square configuration and then the opposing point of pressure is located centrally of that square.
  • the ice tends to crack or fra ⁇ ure instead of simply being crushed during the passage of the ice through and in between the rollers 146 and 148.
  • the lateral adjustment in the spacing between the rollers to provide the desired dimensioning from x to y can be accomplished by the toggle mechanism shown in Figure 4.
  • the drive shaft 154 for roller 148 may be fixed since it is driven by motor 54.
  • a threaded toggle device 234 may be positioned between blocks 236 and 238. The threaded device 234 moves the shaft 156 relative to shaft 154.
  • the desired x dimension through to the y dimension is achieved.
  • the device 234 may be correspondingly provided on the other side of the opposing rollers, so that the extent of meshed overlap is consistent along the length of the roller nip.
  • the gear trains 164 and 166 are setup to permit continued driving in a synchronized manner of the rollers with this difference in spacing.
  • rollers 146 and 148 may be permanently fixed in the desired spacing when the system is always used in conjun ⁇ ion with a known desired sizing of ice particles.
  • the ice fra ⁇ uring unit in accordance with this invention provides the desired ice particles of a desired sizing where the particles are produced in real time as required at the blast nozzle 30.
  • the ice particle sizing may also be determined by the height of the spike peak relative to the recess or the depth of the valley or recess between the spikes of each roller.
  • the distance from spike tip 228 and the corresponding valley 232 may be changed by varying the depth of the valley.
  • the particle size can be set by machining a particular depth for the valley 232. the particle size would then be dire ⁇ ly proportional to the depth of the valley 232 on roller 146 and of the valley 236 on roller 148.
  • cleaning tools 212 and 214 As shown in Figure 5 and as shown in more detail in Figure 9.
  • the cleaning tool is positioned beneath each roller 146 and 148.
  • Each cleaning tool is secured to the side supports 238 and 240 by appropriate fasteners 242 and 244.
  • the respe ⁇ ive cleaning tool has provided therein a plurality of V-shaped grooves which are coincident with the shape of the spikes of corresponding rollers 146 and 148.
  • Cleaning tool 212 has a sloped leading edge 246 and tool 214 has oppositely sloped leading edge 248.
  • the grooves as formed in the tool has an arcuate base portion 250, as shown in Figure 9. This permits passage of the spikes 222 through the cleaning tool.
  • each cleaning tool extends across the width of the respe ⁇ ive ice fra ⁇ uring roller.
  • the cleaning tool 212 has a plurality of upwardly extending teeth 252 which are designed to nest between the corresponding spikes 220 of roller 146. As the roller 146 rotates in the dire ⁇ ion of arrow 152, the teeth 252 remove from between the spikes 220 any ice which might remain on the spikes after the ice has been fra ⁇ ured.
  • the removed ice particles drop downwardly and are gathered by the funnel 44 for delivery to the outlet 192 and on into the ice particle delivery hose 26.
  • the cleaning tool 214 fun ⁇ ions in the same manner as tool 212 to remove any ice particles which may cling to the spiked portions of the roller 148.
  • the inwardly sloped surface 248 causes ice particles to drop downwardly into the funnel portion 44.
  • the cleaning teeth 252 of the respe ⁇ ive tool also funttion to remove any fines that may colle ⁇ in the valley portions of the respe ⁇ ive roller surfaces.
  • the valley portions 232 and 236 of the respe ⁇ ive rollers assist in minimizing colle ⁇ ion of fine ice particles in these regions.
  • the respe ⁇ ive valley portions 232 and 236 are slightly rounded to minimize the build up of fine ice particles in these regions.
  • the cleaning tools may be of another stru ⁇ ure which fun ⁇ ions in a corresponding manner.
  • the cleaning tool may comprise a plurality of outwardly extending bristles which brush the surface of the roller to remove any accumulation of ice.
  • the rotary cleaning tool could have a wire brush constru ⁇ io ⁇ where the bristles of the round wire brush clear any ice accumulation from the roller.
  • the bristles could preferably be of stainless steel.
  • the respe ⁇ ive roller 146 and 148 is keyed to the corresponding shafts 154 and 156. With roller 146 it is keyed to shaft 156 by way of key way 254. Similarly, shaft 154 is keyed to roller 148 by key way 256. With reference to Figure 10, roller 146 is keyed to shaft 156 by key member 258 in key way 254. Shaft 156 is mounted in a bearing 162 which in turn is mounted in plate 158. On the other end of the roller shaft 156 is mounted in bearing 260 which in turn is mounted in plate 262. The roller 146 has recessed portions 264 and 266 on each side. The circumferential portions 268 and 270 brush against the respe ⁇ ive thrust plates 272 and 274.
  • the respe ⁇ ive roller may include bores 276 extending through the roller to reduce the mass of each roller and hence provide for expedient cooling of the rollers as they conta ⁇ the ice sheets and as well if chilled air 142 is introduced into the system the rollers 146 and 148 cool down in an expeditious manner to reduce heat losses to the ice particles 100.
  • insulative filler blocks 216 and 218 are provided. Each filler block has respe ⁇ ively, arcuate surfaces 278 and 280 which correspond with the circular shape of the respe ⁇ ive roller.
  • the filler blocks 216 and 218 avoid accumulation of ice particles in the regions of 282 and 284 above the respe ⁇ ive tools 212 and 214.
  • the filler blocks 216 and 218 may be made of a insulative material to reduce heat transfer from the exterior through the plates 238 and into the respe ⁇ ive rollers 146 and 148.
  • FIG. 11 A schematic of the apparatus of Figure 1 is shown in Figure 11 to identify some of the sensor positions and control points on the various devices of the apparatus.
  • the control points are set out in square boxes (Q)with the following legend: LEGEND:
  • the high pressure air is introduced through line 24 which is obtained from a single or multi-stage air compressor 286.
  • the high pressure air is passed through an after cooler and filter 288 before delivery to the air hose 24.
  • the air hose 24 enters the ice blasting device 10 where the temperature is sensed at 31.
  • the amount of blast air passing through line 78 is determined by blast air control 1.
  • the pressure of the blast air in line 78 is sensed at 29.
  • Air removed from line 24 is passed through line 82 to the dryer 66 which has a control 17. Air exits the dryer via line 84 into the chiller 68 which has control points involving a chiller drain 7, chiller cool 5 and a chiller defrost 9, as determined by refrigerant in line 290 from refrigeration unit 66.
  • the high quality air as it exits the chiller via line 86 has its temperature sensed at 33 to determine refrigerant flow in line 290 from refrigeration unit 66.
  • Line 86 is split at 292 where the high quality air is controlled by control point 19 and air to optionally cool the rollers passes through control point 27.
  • the air in line 48 enters the ice making machine via the manifold 138, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the air entering via line 294 enters the ice fra ⁇ uring unit 42 via pipe 45 and dire ⁇ ed horizontally along the nip region 150 of rollers as shown in Figures 4 and 5.
  • Water is introduced to the ice making device through line 46 which is controlled by water control 13.
  • the low level of water in the, water bath is sensed by lower water level sensor 35.
  • the water level sensor 43 senses and effe ⁇ s control of the level of water in the bath at control point 13 so that the water is maintained at the level of the sensor 43 of Figure 5.
  • Refrigeration to the ice making drum 112 passes through line 296 from the refrigeration unit 66.
  • the refrigeration pressure is sensed at 41 where control of the refrigeration supplied to the drum 112 is determined by evaporator control point 11.
  • Control point 23 controls the roller drive motor 54 where the run time of the motor is sensed by sensor 39.
  • the blast system is a ⁇ uated by lever 32 as shown in Figure 1.
  • the apparatus is controlled by controller 36 to always ensure that ice particles are at the blast nozzle as needed without any accumulation in the various devices and that during shut down or temporary cessation of blasting there is also no accumulation of ice particles in the system. This is assured by the machine phases of stand-by, start-up, unit ready, pause and defrost as set out in Table I.
  • One aspe ⁇ of the process control which keeps cool the ice particle forming device 34 and ice transport hose 26 and as well ensures a reliable consistent start-up or renewal of blasting is the provision of the blast idle control 21 and the blast air control 1 which are arranged in parallel. This allows full designated flow of pressurized air through line 28 to the blast nozzle.
  • blast air control When blasting is to cease, blast air control is turned off and blast idle control remains on which allows a designated minor amount of pressurized air to continue through line 28 to the blast nozzle. This continues to develop a slight reduced pressure in line 26 so that makeup air supplied through the manifold 138 continues to travel through line 26 and keep not only it cool but as well the ice fra ⁇ uring rollers. This flow of air is controlled by the high quality air control point 19 which remains on during the idle or pause phase of the operation system. Another feature which assists rapid cooling, at least in the start-up of the system, is dire ⁇ ing cool high quality air onto the ice fra ⁇ uring rollers through pipe 45.
  • control point 27 which dire ⁇ s the cool air onto the rollers for a period of time to cool the rollers to working temperature before blasting is commenced. This assures that the rollers are sufficiently cooled to prevent melting of the ice particles on the rollers.
  • the ice maker drive motor stops which in turn stops rotation of the drum and at the same time the evaporator control 11 is turned off which prevents freeze-up of liquid on the drum 112.
  • any ice remaining on the surface 128 is blown down into the chute because control point 19 remains open to dire ⁇ air through the manifold and onto the surface 128.
  • Chiller Defrost 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
  • the operating parameters of this system may vary considerably depending upon the end use to which the apparatus is put. It is understood that the hose length may vary considerably from a very short 1 to 2 metres through to 100 metres.
  • the end use will vary the range of incoming compressed air. It has been found that for most uses, incoming air at 150 to 350 scfm is appropriate at a pressure in the range of 60 to 250 psig. In this operating configuration approximately 100 to 300 scfm is delivered to the blast nozzle and in the range of 30 to 80 scfm is delivered to the chiller 68 to provide makeup air 142 at manifold 138 and/or cooling air for the rollers 146 and 148. Pressure of the air delivered to the chiller 68 is normally in the range of 80 psig.
  • the chiller is capable of cooling the air down to less than 0°C and preferably in the range of -15°C. As this high quality air exits the chiller the pressure usually drops down to 10 psig. With these operating parameters it has been found that the mass flow rate of ice is preferably in the range of 120 pounds per hour to 300 pounds per hour.
  • the ice fracturing unit is capable of handling these loads and may have the spacing of the rollers adjusted or fixed in a position to provide particle sizes selected from the range of 2 mm to 10 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)

Abstract

Appareil de formation de particules de glace fraîche (100) présentant les dimensions voulues et s'écoulant selon le débit massique voulu afin d'en permettre l'utilisation dans un système (10) de traitement par projection de glace. Dans ledit appareil, (i) un premier et second rouleaux contrarotatifs (146, 148) servent à briser la glace (136) et délimitent entre eux un point de pincement (150) destiné à recevoir les flocons ou plaques de glace (146) et à les guider entre lesdits rouleaux (146, 148) selon ledit débit massique voulu; (ii) chacun desdits rouleaux cylindriques contrarotatifs (146, 148) servant à briser la glace possède un réseau homogène de rangées parallèles de dents (220) s'étendant dans un sens parallèle à l'axe longitudinal de chaque rouleau (146, 148), la pluralité de dents (220) de chaque rangée étant espacées les unes des autres de manière homogène dans le sens circonférentiel de chacun desdits rouleaux cylindriques (146, 148); (iii) les axes longitudinaux desdits rouleaux contrarotatifs (146, 148) sont séparés l'un de l'autre par une distance telle que les dents opposées (220) des rouleaux s'interpénètrent; (iv) un dispositif (54) est prévu pour entraîner en rotation dans des sens contraires lesdits rouelaux interpénétrés, à une vitesse périphérique telle que les flocons ou plaques de glace (136) introduit(e)s dans ledit point de pincement (150) selon le débit massique voulu sont brisés; (v) un dispositif (164, 166) fixe les positions relatives de rotation synchronisée desdits rouleaux (146, 148) de telle sorte que l'une des rangées de dents du premier rouleau s'engage entre deux rangées voisines de dents sur le second rouleau; (vi) les dents de ladite rangée de dents du premier rouleau sont décalées dans le sens longitudinal par rapport à celles de la rangée de dents du second rouleau, afin que l'une des dents (228) sur le premier rouleau s'engage entre quatre dents voisines (220) comprises dans deux rangées voisines de dents sur ledit second rouleau; (vii) et un dispositif (234) fixe la profondeur à laquelle l'une des dents (224) du premier rouleau (146) s'engage dans un creux (236) délimité entre les dents dudit second rouleau (148), lesdites dimensions voulues des particules de glace fraîche (100) étant déterminées par la distance séparant la dent et le creux, et les dimensions des particules étant proportionnelles à la distance sur laquelle s'étend la dent engagée.
PCT/IB1994/000007 1993-01-26 1994-01-20 Appareil d'alimentation en temps reel d'un systeme de traitement par projection de glace Ceased WO1994016861A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU58424/94A AU5842494A (en) 1993-01-26 1994-01-20 Apparatus for real time ice supply to ice blasting system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US1147593A 1993-01-26 1993-01-26
US08/011,475 1993-01-26

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Cited By (17)

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WO1996035913A1 (fr) * 1995-05-10 1996-11-14 Job Industries Ltd. Systeme et procede de production de particules fluidisees
EP0971185A1 (fr) * 1998-07-10 2000-01-12 Snow Valley, naamloze vennootschap Procédé et appareil pour produire de la neige
EP0902870A4 (fr) * 1996-06-07 2000-01-19 Sam Visaisouk Appareil et procede de nettoyage par pulverisation de particules de glace
EP1174216A3 (fr) * 2000-07-17 2002-12-11 Cold Clean S.à.r.l. Machine de sablage
WO2006083890A1 (fr) * 2005-01-31 2006-08-10 Cold Jet Llc Appareil de nettoyage par projection de particules avec recipient sous pression
WO2006099366A1 (fr) * 2005-03-11 2006-09-21 Cold Jet Llc Système à décharge de particules avec un doseur synchronisé et un générateur de particules
US8187057B2 (en) 2009-01-05 2012-05-29 Cold Jet Llc Blast nozzle with blast media fragmenter
WO2014182254A1 (fr) * 2013-05-07 2014-11-13 Ics Ice Cleaning Systems S.R.O. Dispositif de broyage et d'acheminement de particules solides de glace sèche pour des dispositifs pour mélanger des particules solides de glace sèche avec un flux de fluide gazeux
JP2015083918A (ja) * 2014-11-28 2015-04-30 株式会社東洋製作所 氷片の破砕装置
WO2015109354A2 (fr) 2014-01-27 2015-07-30 Feiba Engineering & Plants Gmbh Mécanisme de positionnement pour broyeurs à cylindres
US9095956B2 (en) 2007-05-15 2015-08-04 Cold Jet Llc Method and apparatus for forming carbon dioxide particles into a block
WO2017070221A1 (fr) * 2015-10-19 2017-04-27 Cold Jet, Llc Broyeur de milieu abrasif
US9931639B2 (en) 2014-01-16 2018-04-03 Cold Jet, Llc Blast media fragmenter
JP2019188596A (ja) * 2018-04-24 2019-10-31 コールド・ジェット・エルエルシーＣｏｌｄ Ｊｅｔ， ＬＬＣ 粒子ブラスト器具
CN115946049A (zh) * 2022-12-30 2023-04-11 南通中远海运船务工程有限公司 一种冰粒即时制备装置及其使用方法
CN115978858A (zh) * 2022-12-26 2023-04-18 国能铁路装备有限责任公司 一种冰粒即时制备系统
IT202200021633A1 (it) * 2022-10-20 2024-04-20 Technoalpin A G /S P A Apparecchiatura di innevamento artificiale

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US2839254A (en) * 1956-03-20 1958-06-17 Link Belt Co Icing machine
US3089477A (en) * 1958-09-08 1963-05-14 Conveyor Company Ice breaker
JPS62140767A (ja) * 1985-12-16 1987-06-24 Aisin Warner Ltd 氷粒によるシヨツトブラスト加工装置
EP0234365A1 (fr) * 1986-02-21 1987-09-02 Balduf Verfahrenstechnik GmbH Installation pour le traitement abrasif de surfaces
WO1989000272A1 (fr) * 1987-07-04 1989-01-12 Wutke Juergen Dispositif de fabrication de glace en flocons

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US5623831A (en) * 1995-05-10 1997-04-29 Mesher; Terry Fluidized particle production system and process
WO1996035913A1 (fr) * 1995-05-10 1996-11-14 Job Industries Ltd. Systeme et procede de production de particules fluidisees
EP0902870A4 (fr) * 1996-06-07 2000-01-19 Sam Visaisouk Appareil et procede de nettoyage par pulverisation de particules de glace
US6270394B1 (en) 1996-06-07 2001-08-07 Universal Ice Blast, Inc. Apparatus and method for continuous ice blasting
EP0971185A1 (fr) * 1998-07-10 2000-01-12 Snow Valley, naamloze vennootschap Procédé et appareil pour produire de la neige
BE1012067A3 (nl) * 1998-07-10 2000-04-04 Snow Valley Naamloze Vennootsc Werkwijze en inrichting voor het produceren van sneeuw.
EP1174216A3 (fr) * 2000-07-17 2002-12-11 Cold Clean S.à.r.l. Machine de sablage
US8277288B2 (en) 2005-01-31 2012-10-02 Cold Jet Llc Particle blast cleaning apparatus with pressurized container
WO2006083890A1 (fr) * 2005-01-31 2006-08-10 Cold Jet Llc Appareil de nettoyage par projection de particules avec recipient sous pression
WO2006099366A1 (fr) * 2005-03-11 2006-09-21 Cold Jet Llc Système à décharge de particules avec un doseur synchronisé et un générateur de particules
US9095956B2 (en) 2007-05-15 2015-08-04 Cold Jet Llc Method and apparatus for forming carbon dioxide particles into a block
US8187057B2 (en) 2009-01-05 2012-05-29 Cold Jet Llc Blast nozzle with blast media fragmenter
WO2014182254A1 (fr) * 2013-05-07 2014-11-13 Ics Ice Cleaning Systems S.R.O. Dispositif de broyage et d'acheminement de particules solides de glace sèche pour des dispositifs pour mélanger des particules solides de glace sèche avec un flux de fluide gazeux
JP2016517799A (ja) * 2013-05-07 2016-06-20 アイシーエス アイシーイー クリーニング システムズ エス．アール．オー． ドライ・アイスの固体微粒子をガス媒体の流れと混合するための装置用のドライ・アイスの固体微粒子を粉砕及び供給するための装置
US9931639B2 (en) 2014-01-16 2018-04-03 Cold Jet, Llc Blast media fragmenter
WO2015109354A2 (fr) 2014-01-27 2015-07-30 Feiba Engineering & Plants Gmbh Mécanisme de positionnement pour broyeurs à cylindres
JP2015083918A (ja) * 2014-11-28 2015-04-30 株式会社東洋製作所 氷片の破砕装置
WO2017070221A1 (fr) * 2015-10-19 2017-04-27 Cold Jet, Llc Broyeur de milieu abrasif
US11766760B2 (en) 2015-10-19 2023-09-26 Cold Jet, Llc Method of comminuting particles
KR20180070619A (ko) * 2015-10-19 2018-06-26 콜드 제트 엘엘씨 블래스트 매체 분쇄기
CN108367411A (zh) * 2015-10-19 2018-08-03 冷喷有限责任公司 喷射介质粉碎机
JP2018535843A (ja) * 2015-10-19 2018-12-06 コールド・ジェット・エルエルシーＣｏｌｄ Ｊｅｔ， ＬＬＣ ブラスト媒体コミニュータ
KR102142265B1 (ko) * 2015-10-19 2020-08-10 콜드 제트 엘엘씨 블래스트 매체 분쇄기
US11607774B2 (en) 2015-10-19 2023-03-21 Cold Jet, Llc Blast media comminutor
JP2019188596A (ja) * 2018-04-24 2019-10-31 コールド・ジェット・エルエルシーＣｏｌｄ Ｊｅｔ， ＬＬＣ 粒子ブラスト器具
US11731243B2 (en) 2018-04-24 2023-08-22 Cold Jet, Llc Spring return actuator for rotary valves
US12036637B2 (en) 2018-04-24 2024-07-16 Cold Jet, Llc Particle blast apparatus
IT202200021633A1 (it) * 2022-10-20 2024-04-20 Technoalpin A G /S P A Apparecchiatura di innevamento artificiale
EP4357705A1 (fr) * 2022-10-20 2024-04-24 Technoalpin S.p.A. Dispositif pour la production de la neige artificielle
CN115978858A (zh) * 2022-12-26 2023-04-18 国能铁路装备有限责任公司 一种冰粒即时制备系统
CN115946049A (zh) * 2022-12-30 2023-04-11 南通中远海运船务工程有限公司 一种冰粒即时制备装置及其使用方法

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AU5842494A (en) 1994-08-15
CA2113291A1 (fr) 1994-07-27

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