WO1994014540A1 - Chopper disc - Google Patents
Chopper disc Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994014540A1 WO1994014540A1 PCT/AT1993/000190 AT9300190W WO9414540A1 WO 1994014540 A1 WO1994014540 A1 WO 1994014540A1 AT 9300190 W AT9300190 W AT 9300190W WO 9414540 A1 WO9414540 A1 WO 9414540A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- shredding
- recess
- contact surface
- cutting insert
- edge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
- B02C18/182—Disc-shaped knives
- B02C18/184—Disc-shaped knives with peripherally arranged demountable cutting tips or elements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a shredding disk for a shredding roller of a shredding device, with a base body and with at least one ripper tooth, an undercut recess being provided in the area of each ripper tooth, in which an exchangeable cutting insert is fixed in the working position with a cutting edge pointing in the direction of rotation.
- Such a shredding disk can be found, for example, in EP-A 468 338.
- the recesses in the base body represent undercut grooves that extend perpendicular to the disk and have radially outwardly tapering contact surfaces.
- Dovetail-shaped cutting inserts are inserted into these, on each of which the cutting edge is formed. Replacing the inserts presents problems because the inserts have to be inserted from the side. However, there is little or too little space for this in the case of comminution rollers composed of a multiplicity of comminution discs arranged in series.
- an easier replacement is achieved in that the cutting insert can be inserted into the undercut recess from the circumference of the base body in a mounting position rotated relative to the working position and rotated into the working position.
- a first edge which lies in the circumferential surface of the comminution disk, serves as a pivot axis about which the cutting insert can be tilted after loosening a fastening screw. From the- The contact surface of the recess with this first edge may nowhere be greater than between the two edges, and may therefore remain the same or decrease discontinuously or continuously.
- the contact surface preferably runs in the form of a circular arc with the distance remaining constant and continuously decreasing, in which case the center point lies either in the first edge or within the recess.
- a circular contact surface forms a particularly good support for the cutting insert, which is exposed to very high loads, since the direction of force transmission to the base body is at a point perpendicular to the contact surface.
- the cutting insert is preferably fixed on the one hand by a stop of the base body acting counter to the cutting edge in the region of the first peripheral edge and on the other hand by a fastening screw which is arranged in the cutting or tearing tooth.
- the contact surface of the recess of the base body has at least one groove and the contact surface of the cutting insert has a web engaging in the groove per groove.
- 1 shows a section of a shredding disk with a first embodiment of a cutting insert
- 2 shows a plan view of the comminution disk in the absence of a cutting insert
- FIG. 3 shows a representation according to FIG. 1 when the cutting insert is removed
- FIG. 4 shows a detail of a comminution disk with a second embodiment of a cutting insert.
- Comminution disks are arranged next to one another on a drive shaft and form a comminution roller of a comminution device, which can be used in particular for waste.
- This preferably comprises at least two comminution rollers, the comminution disks of which mesh with one another.
- Each shredding disk has a base body 1, from the circumferential side of which at least one tooth 2 protrudes, which has a cutting edge 7 in the direction of rotation.
- the cutting edge 7 is formed on a cutting insert 5 which is interchangeably fastened in a recess 3 in the base body 1.
- the recess 3 has an abutment surface 4 which, according to FIGS.
- the fixing of the cutting insert 5 is achieved on the one hand by the stop 11 and on the other hand by a screw 10 which is inserted into the tear tooth 2 from the side opposite the cutting edge 7.
- the cutting insert 5 has an abutment surface which corresponds to the abutment surface 4 and therefore likewise has an arc-shaped area and a closing inwardly recessed area which interacts with the stop 11.
- the contact surface 6 is provided with a web 9 which engages in the groove 8.
- the circular contact surface 4, the groove 8 and the web 9 provide very good support for the cutting insert 5 in all directions. If the cutting insert has a larger width, it can carry a plurality of cutting edges 7 which are spaced apart from one another in the axial direction.
- the recess 3 is rounded in a square shape, the first edge 12 also acting as a pivot axis in this embodiment, and the distance a between the contact surface and the first edge 12 decreases unevenly.
- the distances a form a monotonically decreasing sequence in the two embodiments, in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3 the sequence is even a strictly monotonously decreasing sequence.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
- Food-Manufacturing Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Zerkleinerungsscheibe Shredding disc
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zerkleinerungsscheibe für eine Zerkleinerungswalze einer Zerkleinerungsvorrich¬ tung, mit einem Grundkörper, und mit mindestens einem Reißzahn, wobei im Bereich jedes Reißzahnes eine hinterschnittene Ausnehmung vorgesehen ist, in der ein austauschbarer Schneideinsatz mit einer in Drehrichtung weisenden Schneidkante in Arbeitsposition fixiert ist.The invention relates to a shredding disk for a shredding roller of a shredding device, with a base body and with at least one ripper tooth, an undercut recess being provided in the area of each ripper tooth, in which an exchangeable cutting insert is fixed in the working position with a cutting edge pointing in the direction of rotation.
Eine derartige Zerkleinerungsscheibe ist beispielsweise der EP-A 468 338 zu entnehmen. Die Ausnehmungen des Grundkörpers stellen dort hinterschnittene Nuten dar, die sich senkrecht zur Scheibe erstrecken und radial nach außen sich verjüngende Anlageflächen aufweisen. In diese sind Schwalbenschwanzförmige Schneideinsätze ein¬ gesetzt, an denen jeweils die Schneidkante ausgebildet ist. Das Auswechseln der Einsätze bereitet Probleme, da die Einsätze von der Seite eingeschoben werden müssen. Hiefür ist jedoch bei Zerkleinerungswalzen aus einer Vielzahl von aneinandergereihten Zerkleinerungsscheiben wenig bzw. zu wenig Platz.Such a shredding disk can be found, for example, in EP-A 468 338. The recesses in the base body represent undercut grooves that extend perpendicular to the disk and have radially outwardly tapering contact surfaces. Dovetail-shaped cutting inserts are inserted into these, on each of which the cutting edge is formed. Replacing the inserts presents problems because the inserts have to be inserted from the side. However, there is little or too little space for this in the case of comminution rollers composed of a multiplicity of comminution discs arranged in series.
Beim erfindungsgemäßen Vorschlag wird ein leichterer Austausch dadurch erreicht, daß der Schneideinsatz in einer zur Arbeitsposition verdrehten Montageposition vom Umfang des Grundkorpers her in die hinterschnittene Ausnehmung einsetzbar und in die Arbeitsposition ver- drehbar ist.In the proposal according to the invention, an easier replacement is achieved in that the cutting insert can be inserted into the undercut recess from the circumference of the base body in a mounting position rotated relative to the working position and rotated into the working position.
Um den Schneideinsatz aus der Ausnehmung entnehmen zu können, dient eine erste Randkante, die in der Umfangs- flache der Zerkleinerungsscheibe liegt, als Schwenkachse, um die der Schneideinsatz nach dem Lösen einer Befestigungsschraube gekippt werden kann. Der Ab- stand der Anlagefläche der Ausnehmung zu dieser ersten Randkante darf hierzu nirgends größer als zwischen den beiden Randkanten sein, und kann daher gleich bleiben oder sich diskontinuierlich oder kontinuierlich ver- ringern. Bevorzugt verläuft die Anlagefläche sowohl bei gleich bleibendem und sich kontinuierlich verkleinern¬ dem Abstand kreisbogenförmig, wobei dann der Mittel¬ punkt entweder in der ersten Randkante oder innerhalb der Ausnehmung liegt. Eine kreisbogenförmige Anlage- fläche bildet eine besonders gute Abstützung des sehr hohen Belastungen ausgesetzten Schneideinsatzes, da die Kraftübertragungsrichtung auf den Grundkörper jeweils an einer Stelle senkrecht zur Anlagefläche liegt. Die Fixierung des Schneideinsatzes erfolgt vorzugsweise einerseits durch einen der Schneidkante entgegengesetzt wirkenden Anschlag des Grundkörpers im Bereich der ersten Randkante und andererseits durch eine Befestigungsschraube, die im Schneid- oder Reißzahn an¬ geordnet ist.In order to be able to remove the cutting insert from the recess, a first edge, which lies in the circumferential surface of the comminution disk, serves as a pivot axis about which the cutting insert can be tilted after loosening a fastening screw. From the- The contact surface of the recess with this first edge may nowhere be greater than between the two edges, and may therefore remain the same or decrease discontinuously or continuously. The contact surface preferably runs in the form of a circular arc with the distance remaining constant and continuously decreasing, in which case the center point lies either in the first edge or within the recess. A circular contact surface forms a particularly good support for the cutting insert, which is exposed to very high loads, since the direction of force transmission to the base body is at a point perpendicular to the contact surface. The cutting insert is preferably fixed on the one hand by a stop of the base body acting counter to the cutting edge in the region of the first peripheral edge and on the other hand by a fastening screw which is arranged in the cutting or tearing tooth.
Um auch Querkräfte, also in axialer Richtung wirkende Kräfte besser aufnehmen zu können, ist in einer bevor¬ zugten Ausführung vorgesehen, daß die Anlagefläche der Ausnehmung des Grundkörpers mindestens eine Nut und die Anlagefläche des Schneideinsatzes pro Nut einen in die Nut eingreifenden Steg aufweist.In order to be able to better absorb transverse forces, that is to say forces acting in the axial direction, it is provided in a preferred embodiment that the contact surface of the recess of the base body has at least one groove and the contact surface of the cutting insert has a web engaging in the groove per groove.
Nachstehend wird nun die Erfindung anhand der Figuren der beiliegenden Zeichnung näher beschrieben, ohne dar- auf beschränkt zu sein.The invention will now be described in more detail below with reference to the figures in the accompanying drawing, without being limited thereto.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Fig.l einen Ausschnitt einer Zerkleinerungsscheibe mit einer ersten Ausführung eines Schneidein- satzes, Fig.2 eine Draufsicht auf die Zerkleinerungsscheibe bei fehlendem Schneideinsatz,1 shows a section of a shredding disk with a first embodiment of a cutting insert, 2 shows a plan view of the comminution disk in the absence of a cutting insert,
Fig.3 eine Darstellung gemäß Fig. 1 bei der Ent¬ nahme des Schneideinsatzes, und Fig. 4 einen Ausschnitt einer Zerkleinerungsscheibe mit einer zweiten Ausführung eines Schneideinsatzes.3 shows a representation according to FIG. 1 when the cutting insert is removed, and FIG. 4 shows a detail of a comminution disk with a second embodiment of a cutting insert.
Zerkleinerungsscheiben werden auf eine Antriebswelle nebeneinander angeordnet und bilden eine Zerkleine¬ rungswalze einer Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung, die insbe¬ sondere für Abfälle verwendbar ist. Diese umfaßt bevor¬ zugt zumindest zwei Zerkleinerungswalzen, deren Zer¬ kleinerungsscheiben ineinandergreifen. Jede Zer- kleinerungsscheibe weist einen Grundkörper 1 auf, von dem umfangsseitig zumindest ein Reißzahn 2 vorsteht, der in der Drehrichtung eine Schneidkante 7 aufweist. Die Schneidkante 7 ist an einem Schneideinsatz 5 ausge¬ bildet, der in einer Ausnehmung 3 des Grundkörpers 1 austauschbar befestigt ist. Die Ausnehmung 3 weist eine Anlagefläche 4 auf, die gemäß Fig. 1 bis 3 zwischen einer ersten und einer zweiten Randkante 12, 13 über etwa 180° kreisbogenförmig verläuft und in diesem Be¬ reich mit mindestens einer Nut 8 versehen ist. Ein nach innen vorspringender Anschlag 11 (Fig. 3) , der gegen die Drehrichtung der Zerkleinerungsscheibe und damit auch gegen die Schneidkante 7 weist, verengt die Ausnehmung 3 zum Umfang hin, sodaß der eingesetzte Schneideinsatz 5, wie Fig. 3 zeigt, gedreht werden muß, um ihn nach außen aus der Ausnehmung 3 zu entfernen bzw. um ihn von außen einzusetzen, wobei die erste Randkante 12 eine Schwenkachse definiert. Das Verdrehen des Schneideinsatzes 5 wird dabei dadurch möglich, daß sich der Abstand a der Anlagefläche 4 von der zweiten Randkante 13 zur ersten Randkante 12 hin verringert, wobei sie gemäß Fig. 1 bis 3 kreisbogenförmig verläuft, und der Mittelpunkt 14 innerhalb der Ausnehmung 3 liegt. Die Fixierung des Schneideinsatzes 5 wird einer¬ seits durch den Anschlag 11 und andererseits durch eine Schraube 10 erreicht, die von der der Schneidkante 7 entgegengesetzten Seite in den Reißzahn 2 eingesetzt ist. Der Schneideinsatz 5 weist eine Anlagefläche auf, die der Anlagefläche 4 entspricht und daher ebenfalls einen kreisbogenförmigen Bereich und einen ab¬ schließenden nach innen rückspringenden Bereich auf- weist, der mit dem Anschlag 11 zusammenwirkt. Die Anla¬ gefläche 6 ist mit einem Steg 9 versehen, der in die Nut 8 eingreift. Durch die kreisbogenförmige Anlage¬ fläche 4, die Nut 8 und den Steg 9 sind eine sehr gute Abstützung des Schneideinsatzes 5 in alle Richtungen gegeben. Weist der Schneideinsatz eine größere Breite auf, so kann er mehrere Schneidkanten 7 tragen, die in axialer Richtung voneinander beabstandet sind.Comminution disks are arranged next to one another on a drive shaft and form a comminution roller of a comminution device, which can be used in particular for waste. This preferably comprises at least two comminution rollers, the comminution disks of which mesh with one another. Each shredding disk has a base body 1, from the circumferential side of which at least one tooth 2 protrudes, which has a cutting edge 7 in the direction of rotation. The cutting edge 7 is formed on a cutting insert 5 which is interchangeably fastened in a recess 3 in the base body 1. The recess 3 has an abutment surface 4 which, according to FIGS. 1 to 3, runs in a circular arc over approximately 180 ° between a first and a second peripheral edge 12, 13 and is provided in this area with at least one groove 8. An inwardly projecting stop 11 (Fig. 3), which points against the direction of rotation of the shredding disc and thus also against the cutting edge 7, narrows the recess 3 to the circumference, so that the cutting insert 5 used, as shown in Fig. 3, must be rotated to remove it from the outside of the recess 3 or to insert it from the outside, the first edge 12 defining a pivot axis. The turning of the cutting insert 5 is made possible by the fact that the distance a of the contact surface 4 from the second edge 13 to the first edge 12 decreases, whereby it runs in a circular arc according to FIGS. 1 to 3, and the center 14 lies within the recess 3. The fixing of the cutting insert 5 is achieved on the one hand by the stop 11 and on the other hand by a screw 10 which is inserted into the tear tooth 2 from the side opposite the cutting edge 7. The cutting insert 5 has an abutment surface which corresponds to the abutment surface 4 and therefore likewise has an arc-shaped area and a closing inwardly recessed area which interacts with the stop 11. The contact surface 6 is provided with a web 9 which engages in the groove 8. The circular contact surface 4, the groove 8 and the web 9 provide very good support for the cutting insert 5 in all directions. If the cutting insert has a larger width, it can carry a plurality of cutting edges 7 which are spaced apart from one another in the axial direction.
In der Ausführung nach Fig. 4 ist die Ausnehmung 3 ab- gerundet eckig, wobei auch in dieser Ausführung die erste Randkante 12 als Schwenkachse fungiert, und der Abstand a der Anlagefläche zur ersten Randkante 12 sich ungleichmäßig verringert. Die Abstände a bilden in bei¬ den Ausführungen eine monoton fallende Folge, in der Ausführung nach Fig. 1 bis 3 ist die Folge sogar streng monoton fallend. In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the recess 3 is rounded in a square shape, the first edge 12 also acting as a pivot axis in this embodiment, and the distance a between the contact surface and the first edge 12 decreases unevenly. The distances a form a monotonically decreasing sequence in the two embodiments, in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3 the sequence is even a strictly monotonously decreasing sequence.
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU56185/94A AU5618594A (en) | 1992-12-23 | 1993-12-10 | Chopper disc |
| EP94901683A EP0625929A1 (en) | 1992-12-23 | 1993-12-10 | Chopper disc |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEG9217598.8U | 1992-12-23 | ||
| DE9217598U DE9217598U1 (en) | 1992-12-23 | 1992-12-23 | Crushing disc |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1994014540A1 true WO1994014540A1 (en) | 1994-07-07 |
Family
ID=6887506
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AT1993/000190 Ceased WO1994014540A1 (en) | 1992-12-23 | 1993-12-10 | Chopper disc |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0625929A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU5618594A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE9217598U1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9400079A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994014540A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003077633A1 (en) * | 2002-03-15 | 2003-09-25 | Seppi M. S.R.L. | Tool with a replaceable blade for milling machines treating floors and/or waste |
| WO2006029897A1 (en) * | 2004-09-16 | 2006-03-23 | Johann Doppstadt | Blade carrier for comminuting devices |
| WO2007010563A1 (en) * | 2005-07-19 | 2007-01-25 | Cams Srl | Rubble grinder |
| DE202010010294U1 (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2011-12-20 | Doppstadt Familienholding Gmbh | Knife carrier for crushers |
| CN102302971A (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2012-01-04 | 沙洲工学院 | Animal crushing machine cutter with changeable cutter head |
| CN103153468A (en) * | 2010-04-25 | 2013-06-12 | 多普斯塔德特家族控股有限公司 | Comb tooth holder |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE202007013269U1 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2009-02-12 | Doppstadt Familienholding Gmbh | Mallets for crushers |
| DE202010010662U1 (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2011-11-09 | Hugo Vogelsang Maschinenbau Gmbh | Two-shaft shredder with exchangeable cutting blade set |
| DE102013220449B4 (en) | 2013-10-10 | 2022-01-05 | Kohnle GmbH | Process for the production of a cutting tool |
| EP3747547A1 (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2020-12-09 | Metso Denmark A/S | A cutting knife, a method for replacing a knife tip of said cutting knife, and a knife tip replacement part for use in said method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH379107A (en) * | 1960-08-15 | 1964-06-30 | Alba Werkzeug | Cutting tool |
| US4394983A (en) * | 1981-03-02 | 1983-07-26 | Kaca Corporation | Tire and refuse shredder |
| US4667713A (en) * | 1986-05-23 | 1987-05-26 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Chipper knife assembly |
| US4946109A (en) * | 1989-08-09 | 1990-08-07 | Newman Machine Company, Inc. | Tooth assembly for rotary grinding apparatus |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1607475A1 (en) * | 1967-07-29 | 1969-09-18 | Heinrich Dreher | Shredding machine with knife bodies attached tangentially to a rotating drum |
| US5076503A (en) * | 1989-07-12 | 1991-12-31 | Cook Robert L | Size reduction processing apparatus for solid material |
| DE4023710A1 (en) * | 1990-07-26 | 1992-01-30 | Werner Buerklin | DEVICE FOR SHREDDING FIBROUS OR GRANULAR-LIKE HEAVYWEAR AS MUELL |
-
1992
- 1992-12-23 DE DE9217598U patent/DE9217598U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-12-10 EP EP94901683A patent/EP0625929A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-12-10 AU AU56185/94A patent/AU5618594A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-12-10 WO PCT/AT1993/000190 patent/WO1994014540A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1994
- 1994-01-03 MX MX9400079A patent/MX9400079A/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH379107A (en) * | 1960-08-15 | 1964-06-30 | Alba Werkzeug | Cutting tool |
| US4394983A (en) * | 1981-03-02 | 1983-07-26 | Kaca Corporation | Tire and refuse shredder |
| US4667713A (en) * | 1986-05-23 | 1987-05-26 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Chipper knife assembly |
| US4946109A (en) * | 1989-08-09 | 1990-08-07 | Newman Machine Company, Inc. | Tooth assembly for rotary grinding apparatus |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003077633A1 (en) * | 2002-03-15 | 2003-09-25 | Seppi M. S.R.L. | Tool with a replaceable blade for milling machines treating floors and/or waste |
| WO2006029897A1 (en) * | 2004-09-16 | 2006-03-23 | Johann Doppstadt | Blade carrier for comminuting devices |
| US7938350B2 (en) | 2004-09-16 | 2011-05-10 | Doppstadt Calbe Gmbh | Knife holder for comminution devices |
| EP1789196B1 (en) | 2004-09-16 | 2019-05-22 | Doppstadt Familienholding GmbH | Blade carrier for comminuting devices |
| WO2007010563A1 (en) * | 2005-07-19 | 2007-01-25 | Cams Srl | Rubble grinder |
| CN103153468A (en) * | 2010-04-25 | 2013-06-12 | 多普斯塔德特家族控股有限公司 | Comb tooth holder |
| JP2013527030A (en) * | 2010-04-25 | 2013-06-27 | ドップシュタット ファミリエンホールディング ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | Comb blade holder |
| US8979010B2 (en) | 2010-04-25 | 2015-03-17 | Doppstadt Familienholding Gmbh | Comb tooth holder |
| DE202010010294U1 (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2011-12-20 | Doppstadt Familienholding Gmbh | Knife carrier for crushers |
| WO2012007153A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2012-01-19 | Doppstadt Familienholding Gmbh | Blade carrier for comminution devices |
| US9511375B2 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2016-12-06 | Doppstadt Familienholding Gmbh | Blade carrier for comminution devices |
| CN102302971A (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2012-01-04 | 沙洲工学院 | Animal crushing machine cutter with changeable cutter head |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0625929A1 (en) | 1994-11-30 |
| AU5618594A (en) | 1994-07-19 |
| MX9400079A (en) | 1994-07-29 |
| DE9217598U1 (en) | 1993-03-04 |
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