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WO1994012434A1 - Procede de transformation de residus de crasse d'aluminium en produits utiles - Google Patents

Procede de transformation de residus de crasse d'aluminium en produits utiles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994012434A1
WO1994012434A1 PCT/CA1993/000513 CA9300513W WO9412434A1 WO 1994012434 A1 WO1994012434 A1 WO 1994012434A1 CA 9300513 W CA9300513 W CA 9300513W WO 9412434 A1 WO9412434 A1 WO 9412434A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solution
process according
dross residue
sodium
dross
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CA1993/000513
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English (en)
Inventor
Luc Parent
Sylvain P. Tremblay
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rio Tinto Alcan International Ltd
Original Assignee
Alcan International Ltd Canada
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcan International Ltd Canada filed Critical Alcan International Ltd Canada
Priority to AU55575/94A priority Critical patent/AU5557594A/en
Publication of WO1994012434A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994012434A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
    • C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
    • C01F7/04—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
    • C01F7/08—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals with sodium carbonate, e.g. sinter processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
    • C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
    • C01F7/04—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
    • C01F7/06—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
    • C01F7/0693—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process from waste-like raw materials, e.g. fly ash or Bayer calcination dust
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
    • C22B21/0007—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap or any other metal source
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for converting waste aluminum dross residue into useful products. More particularly, the invention relates to the conversion of aluminum dross residue into soluble alkali metal aluminates and products derived therefrom.
  • Aluminum dross is formed whenever molten aluminum or aluminum alloy encounters an oxidising atmosphere, such as air, and consists of compounds of aluminum and any reactive alloying elements that may be present (e.g. magnesium) , and a percentage of unreacted metallic aluminum or alloy that is trapped in the form of small particles or droplets dispersed throughout the dross. Dross of this kind is produced in large quantities in aluminum production and fabrication plants and represents a significant loss of the original metal.
  • the unreacted metal content of the dross is partially recovered either by heating and agitating the dross in the presence of a salt mixture, in order to reduce the surface tension of the metal droplets dispersed throughout the dross so that the droplets may coalesce and form a recoverable pool or layer or molten metal, or more recently by heating the dross by means of a plasma in the absence of salt additions in order to achieve the same effect (see for example, U.S. Patent 4,952,237 issued August 28, 1990; U.S. Patent 4,960,460 issued October 2, 1990; and U.S. Patent
  • Dross residue contains a large percentage of alumina, a material which is used in various industrial processes, but the dross is too impure for its alumina content to be used without some kind of purification or extraction treatment.
  • Numerous attempts have been made in the past to recover alumina values from waste alumina-containing refractory material, such as fly ash, by treatment with carbonates and oxides of various metals. For example, a reference to such processes is provided in U.S.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a process for converting waste aluminum dross residue into one or more useful products so that the residue can be consumed and thus eliminated.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a process of converting dross residue to alkali metal aluminate and products derived therefrom.
  • Another object of the invention is to recover alumina values from waste aluminum dross residue.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to derive alumina and caustic values from bauxite and waste aluminum dross residue by means of the Bayer process.
  • a process for producing a solution of aluminum-containing compounds from aluminum dross residue which comprises mixing the dross residue with solid sodium oxide or a precursor thereof to form a mixture; heating the mixture in an oxidizing atmosphere to a temperature in the range of about 800-1300°C for a period of time long enough to form a solid material containing sodium aluminate; partially dissolving the resulting solid aluminate- containing material in an aqueous liquid to produce a solution and undissolved solids; and separating the solution from the undissolved solids.
  • the invention also provides a process for recovering alumina values from aluminum dross residue, which process comprises: mixing the dross residue with solid sodium oxide or precursor thereof to form a mixture; heating the mixture to a temperature in the range of about 800-1300°C for a period of time long enough to form a solid material containing sodium aluminate; partially dissolving the resulting solid aluminate-containing material in an aqueous liquid to produce a solution and undissolved solids; separating the solution from the undissolved solids; and treating the solution according to the Bayer process to recover alumina values therefrom.
  • the invention provides a process of recovering alumina values from bauxite and dross residue, which process comprises: digesting bauxite by the Bayer process to produce a sodium aluminate solution and precipitating alumina from said aluminate solution while producing salt cake and spent Bayer liquid as by-products; mixing the dross residue with said salt cake from the Bayer process to form a mixture; heating the mixture to a temperature in the range of about 800-1300"C for a period of time long enough to form a solid material containing sodium aluminate; partially dissolving the resulting aluminate-containing material in said spent Bayer process liquor to produce a resulting solution and undissolved solids; separating the resulting solution from the undissolved solids; and adding the resulting solution to said sodium aluminate solution produced during said Bayer process to recover alumina values therefrom.
  • the process of the present invention involves heating and reacting dross residue with sodium oxide or, more usually, a precursor of sodium oxide (generally in the absence of other metal oxides or precursors, particularly CaO) to form a solid product (referred to as a calcinate) containing a large percentage of sodium aluminate.
  • a calcinate is then partially dissolved in (referred to as being "leached with") water or an aqueous alkaline solution (referred to as the leachant) in order to form a solution (referred to as the leachate) containing NaOH and A1(0H) 3 and undissolved solids.
  • the leachate can then be used, often without purification, in various processes and the undissolved solids can be disposed of without causing environmental hazard.
  • Dross residue of any kind may be used in the present invention but plasma dross residue is preferred because, if salt dross residue is employed, the salt content must first be removed, e.g. by washing with water, which results in greater inconvenience and expense.
  • a dross residue having a high content of aluminum nitride (A1N) and/or metallic aluminum (Al) is particularly advantageous. This is because these ingredients oxidize exothermically during the heating step of the process and thus contribute heat to the aluminate-forming reaction and reduce the amount of heat which has to be added from the exterior. This can represent a consider ⁇ able cost saving and makes the process much more economically attractive compared with the treatment of alumina from other sources, e.g. fly ash.
  • Plasma dross residue is particularly preferred in the process of the invention because it usually contains a large amount of alumina (generally at least 50% by weight and often at least 75% by weight) as well as A1N and metallic Al and only a small amount of undesirable silica (less than 1% by weight, if present at all) .
  • the process of the present invention converts the alumina content of the spinel to soluble aluminate and leaves an insoluble magnesium oxide (as periclase) . More than 90% of the spinel is usually converted in this way. For this reason, the solid dross residue is converted in high yield to soluble aluminate.
  • the average dissolution percentage of the starting dross residue in caustic soda solution is typically about 25%
  • the dissolution product of the calcinate produced according to the invention may be as high as about 78% or more, thus making the process economically attractive.
  • the particle size of the other starting material i.e. the sodium oxide or precursor
  • a precursor of sodium oxide is normally employed in the process, e.g. sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium oxalate, sodium hydrogen oxalate, sodium hydroxide or sodium sulphate.
  • so- called "salt-cake" is employed as the sodium oxide precursor.
  • This material is preferred because it is itself a material that is difficult to dispose of in an economical manner and there is thus a double benefit in using it as a starting material in the process of the present invention.
  • the dross residue and sodium oxide or precursor are generally mixed together in a ratio by weight of 1:0.2 - 1.2, respectively, depending on the alumina content of the residue (the precursor being calculated as the oxide) .
  • the dry mixture of dross residue and sodium oxide or precursor is heated in an oxidizing atmosphere (usually air at atmospheric pressure) at a temperature in the range of 800-1300°C, more preferably about 900-1000°C, for a period of time preferably between 10 minutes and two hours.
  • an oxidizing atmosphere usually air at atmospheric pressure
  • the reactions taking place during the heating step can be represented by the following formulae: A1 2 0 3 + Na 2 C0 3 ⁇ 2NaA10 2 + C0 2
  • the mixture is preferably agitated to allow ingress of air and egress of reaction gases.
  • This can be achieved, for example, by carrying out the reaction in a rotary or rocking arc furnace operated continuously or intermittently at a speed of about 2-4 rpm.
  • the heating step may alternatively be carried out in a vertical shaft furnace or other furnace or oven.
  • reaction may be virtually complete after less than 30 minutes at l000 ⁇ C or more, it has been found that the reactants and calcinate may tend to attach themselves to the furnace walls during the initial reaction periods. After longer heating times, however, e.g. 60 minutes or more, a free-flowing calcinate (unsintered product) may be obtained, which is easier to deal with.
  • the optimum retention time in the furnace or oven is usually 45 to 60 minutes in order to balance heating costs against ease of use of the calcinate.
  • the solid which contains a high percentage of sodium aluminate
  • the solid is leached with (i.e. partially dissolved in) water or, more preferably, an aqueous alkaline solution to generate NaOH and A1(0H) 3 , i.e. both caustic and alumina values.
  • Alkaline solutions are preferred because they promote the precipitation of impurities from the sodium aluminate solution and produce solutions that are of greater commercial value and which can be used or sold without a preliminary concentration step.
  • Sodium hydroxide solution may be used, for example, as the aqueous alkaline solution used for the leaching step.
  • sodium aluminate solution or spent Bayer liquor which usually contains sodium aluminate, sodium carbonate and dissolved degraded humate materials
  • impurities in the calcinate especially compounds of Fe, Mg, Si, etc.
  • a solid/liquid separation step e.g. filtration
  • so do not contaminate the leachate As much as 90% of the calcinate may dissolved in the leaching step leaving a small quantity of undissolved and/or precipitated solids containing oxides of Mg, Si, Al, Fe and Ca, etc.
  • the leachate is generally sufficiently pure to be used without further treatment for a variety of processes, e.g. for papermaking or water purification. It is particularly noteworthy, however, that the leachate may be used in the Bayer process without causing operational problems, particularly if the leachant used for dissolving the calcinate contained little or no sodium carbonate which could interfere with the subsequent recovery of alumina values. Briefly stated, the Bayer process is described as follows.
  • the following operations are performed in turn: (1) the bauxite ore is treated with a caustic solution at elevated temperature and pressure to dissolve the alumina values in the ore, thereby producing a slurry comprising a solution of saturated sodium aluminate and suspended insoluble material; (2) separation and washing of the insoluble residue (called red mud) remaining after the dissolution;
  • the leachate produced according to this invention may be added to the sodium aluminate solution of the Bayer process and results in the precipitation of relatively pure alumina from the solution. It will therefore be seen that the process of the present invention can be integrated with the Bayer process, and with an aluminum fabrication process, in a most convenient and economical way.
  • aluminate solutions resulting from the use of spent Bayer liquor as a leachant are compatible with the Bayer process and, as a result, the leachate may be added to the Bayer circuit without incurring a dilution penalty.
  • impure aluminum dross residue and impure Bayer salt cake can be reacted and leached with spent Bayer liquor to produce a relatively pure aluminate solution which can be cycled to the Bayer process and eventually converted into aluminum by the Hall-Heroult process.
  • dross residue from the Hall-Heroult process and other aluminum fabrication operations can be recycled to the process of the invention.
  • This internal recycling procedure can be optimized by associating the process of the invention with a Bayer process plant and bringing in dross residue from an associated Hall-Heroult plant. Further dross residue could also be brought in from other plants. By using dross residue of high A1N and/or Al content, the process is made even more cost-effective.
  • the undissolved solids of the process of the invention may be disposed of in the "red mud circuit" of the Bayer plant, which removes and disposes of waste solids from the Bayer process, without adversely affecting flocculation or precipitation rates which are critical to the successful operation of the circuit.
  • the entire product of the invention may therefore be utilized or disposed of in a Bayer plant.
  • it is not desired to dispose of the undis- solved solids in this way they can be disposed of in conventional land-fill sites because they do not contain harmful pollutants.
  • Dross residue (100 kg) from the plasma dross treatment plant in Jonquiere, Canada, was used in this Example and contained 16% by weight of A1N, 8% by weight of residual metallic Al and 30% by weight of spinel.
  • the dross residue was sieved to a particle size of less than 25 mm [minus 1 Tyler mesh] and mixed with 100 kg of light soda ash (Na 2 C0 3 ) .
  • the mixture was heated at a temperature between 950"C and 1050°C for one hour in air. After the reaction, 150 kg of a calcinate was obtained.
  • the digested part of the 300 g sample increased the alumina and caustic concentration of the liquor.
  • the product gave an equivalent of 190 g of caustic as Na 2 C0 3 and 165 g of alumina to the liquor. These two products are useful for the Bayer plant.
  • the dross residues contained magnesium oxide in the form of spinel, aluminum nitride and residual metallic aluminum. These dross residues included two high magnesium content materials (Bag #s 784 and 4885) , a low magnesium content material (Bag # 908) and an intermediate magnesium content material (Bag # 2220) so that the influence of magnesium on the sodium aluminate formation could be investigated.
  • a rotary batch furnace having a capacity of 500 kg, operated at a rotational speed of 3 rpm and heated by a propane burner having a calorific capacity of 378 Kcal was used to heat mixtures of 40 kg of screened dross residue smaller than 25 mm [-1 Tyler mesh] and 40 kg of sodium carbonate, which was tumbled in the furnace for 5 minutes to effect mixing prior to heating.
  • the mixture was then heated at maximum burner output up to a temperature of about 1000'C. Because of the A1N and residual metallic Al components of the dross residue, it was found almost impossible to vary the temperature. When the temperature reached 850°C, a violent oxidation reaction took place and the temperature increased suddenly to 1000"C.
  • the digestion liquor was then filtered and the residue was weighed after drying.
  • the product of the heat treatment was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phases and compounds, for the concentration of elements by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP) , and fluoride by Technicon analyzer.
  • XRD X-ray diffraction
  • the liquor was analyzed by ICP, and thermometric titration ⁇ , and by ion chromatography for NaCl, Na 2 S0 4 and Na 2 C 2 0 A .
  • Table 10 shows the ICP results for the calcinate before digestion.
  • the sodium varies from 19.2 to 23.5%, while the Al content ranges from 28.6 to 32.7%.
  • Test No. 13 was a sample of unreacted dross residue analyzed under the same conditions as the calcinate. Along with these data, the residual AIN and metallic Al are given.
  • test # 13 was a sample of the # 2220 bag untreated dross
  • Table 11 shows the dissolution percentage of the calcinate in the 100 g/1 caustic NaOH solution (equivalent to Bayer process spent liquor) at 143°C for 30 minutes.
  • Table 12 shows the results of ICP analysis on the leachate obtained by digesting the calcinate.
  • Table 13 shows the total titratable soda (TTS) , sodium carbonate, alumina, and the NaCl, Na 2 SO ⁇ and Na 2 C 2 0 4 content of the leachate.
  • test #1 to 12 The caustic solution used to dissolve the sintered material (tests #1 to 12) has been evaluated at:
  • Table 14 below shows a comparison between impurities measured in the leachate produced according to the invention and in the spent liquor from a Bayer plant (at Jonquiere, Canada) .
  • the invention produces a liquor of composition which compares very favourably with the composition of Bayer spent liquor.
  • Table 16 shows the elemental composition of the final residue produced by caustic digestion of the calcinate, filtering and drying.
  • the Al content varies from 17.1 to 33.8% and the recovered weight of the residue ranges from 15.5 to 31.4 wt.% which gives an Al content lost of 2.65 to 10.6% in the residue and an efficiency of Al recovering of 65.0 to 91.7%.
  • a further experiment was carried out using a continuous rotary kiln.
  • the kiln employed was a direct fired counter current flow kiln of one foot in diameter and 12 feet in length fired by an oil burner.
  • the kiln was rotated at 1.5 rpm and the kiln sloped down by 6 inches over 12 feet.
  • a mixture of plasma dross residue and sodium carbonate was fed to the furnace at a rate of 25 kg/h.
  • the retention time in the furnace was about 1 hour.
  • the resulting solid was leached with 100 g/1 caustic soda solution at 143°C for 30 minutes.
  • the invention is useful in aluminum metal fabrication and process industries for recovering metal values that would otherwise be lost.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de transformation de résidus de crasse d'aluminium en produits utiles. Il consiste à mélanger les résidus de crasse à de l'oxyde de sodium ou à un précurseur, et à porter le mélange à une température comprise entre 800 et 1300 °C pendant un intervalle suffisamment long pour former une matière solide renfermant de l'aluminate de sodium, la durée de cet intervalle étant généralement comprise entre 10 minutes et 2 heures. On obtient une matière renfermant un aluminate et on la fait dissoudre partiellement dans un liquide aqueux, de préférence un alcali aqueux, afin de former une solution et des matières solides non dissoutes. On sépare des matières solides non dissoutes la solution, qui contient généralement le NaOH et le Al(OH)3, et on l'utilise, sans l'épurer davantage, dans diverses applications, par exemple la fabrication de papier et l'épuration de l'eau. En outre, on peut ajouter cette solution à la solution d'aluminate du procédé Bayer afin de récupérer les valeurs d'alumine des résidus de crasse, et dans ce cas, le salignon du procédé Bayer peut servir de précurseur d'oxyde de sodium, et le bain usé du procédé Bayer peut servir de liquide aqueux. Le rendement thermique du procédé est accru lorsqu l'on utilise une crasse renfermant du AlN et/ou du Al métallique, puisque ces constituants subissent une oxydation exothermique au cours du procédé.
PCT/CA1993/000513 1992-12-01 1993-11-30 Procede de transformation de residus de crasse d'aluminium en produits utiles Ceased WO1994012434A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU55575/94A AU5557594A (en) 1992-12-01 1993-11-30 Process for converting waste aluminum dross residue into useful products

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US98498992A 1992-12-01 1992-12-01
US984,989 1992-12-01

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WO1994012434A1 true WO1994012434A1 (fr) 1994-06-09

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100406411C (zh) * 2006-04-27 2008-07-30 武汉科技大学 一种电熔刚玉复合耐火材料及其生产方法
KR101048230B1 (ko) * 2011-01-13 2011-07-08 조민성 알루미늄드로스를 이용한 수산화알루미늄 제조방법
JP2015168590A (ja) * 2014-03-05 2015-09-28 住友大阪セメント株式会社 セメントクリンカの製造方法、セメントクリンカ及びセメント
US20170009311A1 (en) * 2014-02-06 2017-01-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho ( Kobe Steel, Ltd. ) Secondary material for steel refining
CN112093814A (zh) * 2020-09-25 2020-12-18 中铝东南材料院（福建）科技有限公司 一种利用铝灰无渣化制备氧化铝的方法
CN114538489A (zh) * 2022-03-18 2022-05-27 四川轻化工大学 一种利用铝灰制备高效粉状速凝剂的方法和系统
CN114632509A (zh) * 2022-03-25 2022-06-17 昆明理工大学 采用铝铬渣制备Cr-Al2O3介孔催化材料的方法及应用

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1616674A (en) * 1926-01-21 1927-02-08 Aluminum Co Of America Process of producing sodium aluminate
GB2051021A (en) * 1979-06-14 1981-01-14 V Ni I Pi Mek Obrabot Poleznyk Method for the production of alumina
US4254088A (en) * 1979-03-27 1981-03-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Salt-soda sinter process for recovering aluminum from fly ash
WO1991009978A1 (fr) * 1989-12-27 1991-07-11 Alcan International Limited Procede de conversion des dechets en produits utiles
WO1991010629A1 (fr) * 1990-01-22 1991-07-25 Alcan International Limited Procede d'utilisation des crasses pour la fabrication de produits refractaires

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1616674A (en) * 1926-01-21 1927-02-08 Aluminum Co Of America Process of producing sodium aluminate
US4254088A (en) * 1979-03-27 1981-03-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Salt-soda sinter process for recovering aluminum from fly ash
GB2051021A (en) * 1979-06-14 1981-01-14 V Ni I Pi Mek Obrabot Poleznyk Method for the production of alumina
WO1991009978A1 (fr) * 1989-12-27 1991-07-11 Alcan International Limited Procede de conversion des dechets en produits utiles
WO1991010629A1 (fr) * 1990-01-22 1991-07-25 Alcan International Limited Procede d'utilisation des crasses pour la fabrication de produits refractaires

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
C. MISRA: "industrial alumina chemicals", 1986, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, WASHINGTON *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100406411C (zh) * 2006-04-27 2008-07-30 武汉科技大学 一种电熔刚玉复合耐火材料及其生产方法
KR101048230B1 (ko) * 2011-01-13 2011-07-08 조민성 알루미늄드로스를 이용한 수산화알루미늄 제조방법
US20170009311A1 (en) * 2014-02-06 2017-01-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho ( Kobe Steel, Ltd. ) Secondary material for steel refining
JP2015168590A (ja) * 2014-03-05 2015-09-28 住友大阪セメント株式会社 セメントクリンカの製造方法、セメントクリンカ及びセメント
CN112093814A (zh) * 2020-09-25 2020-12-18 中铝东南材料院（福建）科技有限公司 一种利用铝灰无渣化制备氧化铝的方法
CN114538489A (zh) * 2022-03-18 2022-05-27 四川轻化工大学 一种利用铝灰制备高效粉状速凝剂的方法和系统
CN114632509A (zh) * 2022-03-25 2022-06-17 昆明理工大学 采用铝铬渣制备Cr-Al2O3介孔催化材料的方法及应用

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