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WO1994010836A1 - Elimination d'organismes indesirables - Google Patents

Elimination d'organismes indesirables Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994010836A1
WO1994010836A1 PCT/US1993/010916 US9310916W WO9410836A1 WO 1994010836 A1 WO1994010836 A1 WO 1994010836A1 US 9310916 W US9310916 W US 9310916W WO 9410836 A1 WO9410836 A1 WO 9410836A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
molybdenum
electrodes
organisms
ions
tungsten
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1993/010916
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
B. Newton Gossett
Joel S. Gosset
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aquamotion Inc
Original Assignee
Aquamotion Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aquamotion Inc filed Critical Aquamotion Inc
Priority to AU56015/94A priority Critical patent/AU5601594A/en
Publication of WO1994010836A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994010836A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/4606—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods for producing oligodynamic substances to disinfect the water
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
    • A01M1/20—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects
    • A01M1/2022—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide
    • A01M1/2027—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide without heating
    • A01M1/2044—Holders or dispensers for liquid insecticide, e.g. using wicks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
    • A01M1/22—Killing insects by electric means
    • A01M1/223—Killing insects by electric means by using electrocution
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
    • A01M1/24—Arrangements connected with buildings, doors, windows, or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M2200/00—Kind of animal
    • A01M2200/01—Insects
    • A01M2200/011—Crawling insects
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
    • C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
    • C02F2201/4613—Inversing polarity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
    • C02F2201/4615—Time
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus, methods and compositions for the control of organisms, and, more particularly, relates to control of organisms that are capable, directly or indirectly, of nitrogen fixation.
  • compositions, apparatus and methods for controlling undesirable plant and/or animal life have included a wide variety of compounds that can be impregnated in cellulose (typically wood) to prevent infestation or directly eradicate such pests.
  • organic insecticides such as DDT, dieldrin, chlordane, parathion, and alathion
  • a bait or attractant for example, various cellulose extractions
  • EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  • Baits, traps, and other devices and methods have also been suggested for control of undesirable organisms, and in some cases are utilized in association with various insecticides or the like.
  • Patent No. 4,132,780 nickel salts (U.S. Patent No. 3,214,332), boron compounds (U.S. Patent No. 4,363,798), and hexachlorocyclopentadiene dimer in organic solvent carrier (U.S. Patent No. 3,858,346).
  • various molybdenum or tungsten compounds have heretofore been suggested and or utilized for bacteriological and/or pesticidal uses (see U.S. Patent Nos. 2,025,405, 3,290,343, 3,317,571 and 4,504,468).
  • 4,504,468 teaches use of a composition of molybdenum or tungsten salts to control pests which are indirectly capable of nitrogen fixation, such as termites or shipworms, the composition being used with termite baits, soil inoculants, or other ingredients for preserving wood by dipping or pressure treatment.
  • termites, shipworms and the like are not directly capable of nitrogen fixation, but are dependent upon a symbiotic relationship with bacteria or protozoa residing in the gut of the animal which are capable of nitrogen fixation.
  • the protozoa or bacteria thus produce nitrogen necessary for the animal in the synthesis of protein, and are therefore essential to the nutrition of termites and other similar animals (cellulose being devoid or low in nitrogen) .
  • This invention provides a composition, method and apparatus for control of undesirable organisms, and particularly such organisms which are capable, either directly or indirectly, of nitrogen fixation.
  • the invention is environmentally safe, easy to use, and is applicable in numerous situations and environments, the composition being capable of formulation either on or off the site of application and requiring no specialized formulation, handling, application or monitoring techniques.
  • the composition includes molybdenum cations, tungsten cations, and/or cations produce from alloys, compounds or mixtures including molybdenum or tungsten, in fluid (preferably water) , and is particularly effective for controlling termites, shipworms and other such organisms.
  • the apparatus includes an electrode for producing ions at a part thereof, the electrode being made of molybdenum, tungsten or alloys including molybdenum or tungsten, and being mounted in a conduit having an inlet and an outlet for conducting liquid into and out of the conduit.
  • a control unit is connected with the electrode for applying a voltage thereto.
  • the apparatus preferably includes first and second electrodes mounted at the conduit between the inlet and outlet for distribution of cations in the liquid stream as it passes between the inlet and outlet.
  • the control unit may include a current reversing circuit for reversing current applied to the electrodes to prolong electrode life. In use, molybdenum or tungsten cations are produced in the fluid, after which the organisms to be controlled are exposed to the ionized fluid.
  • It is another object of this invention to provide an apparatus for control of undesirable organisms including an electrode for producing ions at a part thereof, the electrode being made of molybdenum, tungsten, or alloys including molybdenum or tungsten, means for applying voltage to the electrode, and a conduit having an inlet and an outlet for conducting liquid into and out of the conduit and configured to receive the part of the electrode for distribution of ions between the inlet and the outlet.
  • FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of the apparatus of this invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a sectional view taken through section lines 2-2 of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is an electrical block diagram of the control unit of the apparatus of FIGURE 1. Description of the Invention Referring now to the FIGURES, the apparatus of this invention includes control unit 10 connected with ionization unit 12. Control unit 10 is connectable with a power supply module 14 (as represented in FIGURE 3) or may have its own built in power supply, and includes output current control knob 16 (for example a potentiometer or variable resistor) , digital LED readout display 18, power supply input connector 20 and output connector 22 including connecting wires 24 and 26.
  • a power supply module 14 as represented in FIGURE 3
  • output current control knob 16 for example a potentiometer or variable resistor
  • digital LED readout display 18 for example a potentiometer or variable resistor
  • unit 12 includes conduit 28 having inlet 30, outlet 32 and side channels 34 and 36.
  • Conduit 28 may be made, for example, of 1.5 to 4 inch or larger PVC tubing constructed, generally, in a tee- shaped configuration.
  • Threaded adaptors 38 and 40 (made for example of PVC) are secured in side channels 34 and 36, respectively, and have male plugs 42 and 44 (again made, for example, of PVC) threadable thereinto.
  • Plugs 42 and 44 each have a recessed area 46 defined between plug wall 48 and fitting head 50. Screws 52 (made of conductive material) are accommodated in a sealing relationship through plug wall 48 of each of plugs 42 and 44, holding spade lug connectors 54 at one side of walls 48 for connection with connecting wires 24 and 26 at different ones thereof, and sealed into electrodes 56 and 58.
  • Electrodes 56 and 58 are made of substantially pure molybdenum, tungsten, or alloys thereof (for example, molybdenum with tungsten, molybdenum with copper, tungsten with copper, molybdenum with silver, tungsten with silver, or combinations of these materials, with each electrode not necessarily being made of the same material as the other) .
  • the electrodes may be made of one inch diameter rod, though other sizes and configurations (for example, point source electrodes) may be appropriate for various applications, and are of a length so as not to extend into flow pathway 60 through conduit 28 between side channels 34 and 36.
  • Inlet 30 and/or outlet 32 of conduit 28 may include fittings for adaptation of unit 12 to various applications, such as hose fittings, nozzles, spray heads, pumps for use with still bodies of water, or the like.
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates one possible arrangement of components for the power supply and control unit of the apparatus of this invention. It should be realized, however, that other arrangements could be utilized depending on use of the apparatus, availability of AC power supply (for example, solar powered or conventional battery powered units could be utilized) , voltage and current requirements (for example, it may be possible to use a single electrode arrangement with substantially increased voltage to the electrode and with very limited amperage, a point source electrode being more likely in such a case) , and the like.
  • Power supply module 14 is connected to a standard 115 volt AC source, converting and rectifying the AC signal to provide a 24 volt DC signal at about 400 itiA at its output to control unit 10.
  • Control unit 10 receives the DC output from power module 14 at off/on and current control circuit 60 for controlling the current output therefrom, either continuously or in steps of about 20 mA, to electrodes 56 and 58.
  • the signal from circuit 60 is received at reversing circuit 62 including timer 64 for periodically reversing current to the electrodes at selected intervals (for example, about every 18 seconds) , thus reversing polarity of each of the electrodes thereby prolonging the life of the electrodes.
  • the output from control unit 10 is coupled with electrodes 56 and 58 through connecting wires 24 and 26 for ionization of fluid passing through conduit 28 by electrolysis.
  • molybdenum and/or tungsten cations in water are effective in killing all manner of nitrogen fixing bacteria and algae (blue-green algae) , as well as certain fungi and animals having a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria or the like, such as termites, shipworms, and/or certain protozoa serving as hosts.
  • the log K values for molybdenum ((Mo) +3) indicate that it can be effectively ionized, which indications have been shown by applicant's testing.
  • a five volt signal at 50 milliamperes ( a) supplied to electrodes 56/58 (having for purposes of this example seven square inches of electrode surface) will produce about 36 ppm of molybdenum in water at a flow rate of about 600 milliliters per hour ( l/hr) through conduit 28.
  • the cumulative production of molybdenum cations at different rates or accumulation in soil or wood can be increased respectively with time and/or electrode surface area.
  • 50 ma and 68 square inches of electrode surface area in 600 ml of still water, or water flowing at an equivalent rate 350 ppm of molybdenum will be produced in one hour. Testing indicates that relatively low rates of molybdenum thus produced in water (as little as up to about 350 ppm) substantially reduces the number of bacterial flora in the gut of termites.
  • Molybdenum is considered an essential trace element in humans, and has been shown by various agencies to have little or no toxicity in humans at levels of 9.5 mg/1. Little evidence has yet been presented regarding an upper limit of safe human intake of molybdenum. Indications are that the use of molybdenum as a termiticide, or in other such applications, would have no toxic effects on humans. Neither the National Academy of Science (NAS) nor the World Health Organization (WHO) have recommended a limit for molybdenum in drinking water. It is thus felt that dosages of between about 3,500 and 5,000 ppm molybdenum in water would be both effective and safe (research has not yet been conducted indicating at what level maximum effectiveness is achieved) .
  • NAS National Academy of Science
  • WHO World Health Organization
  • ionization unit 12 is attached to a source of moving fluid and control unit 10 is activated. Settings are selected to produce the level of ion content desired (which may be indicated at readout 18) . If desired, a fitting for selected distribution of ionized water is attached to output 32 of conduit 28, and soil, wood or other surfaces or structures to be treated are exposed to the effluent from ionization unit 12. Alternatively, the effluent may be captured, stored and later applied at a site elsewhere.
  • Fluid ionized as heretofore set forth can be produced on site in either flowing or still water, or can be produced off site for transportation to and use in the affected area. Since the composition and related method and apparatus of this invention are thought to be relatively safe (both environmentally and in use) , a wide variety of other applications is anticipated, including in the treatment of root fungus in vineyards and farm fields, purification of watering tanks and/or ponds, livestock cleaning, greenhouse and/or home lawn and garden applications, HVAC cleaning and purification, aquarium cleansing, pool cleaning, sewage effluent treatment, and perhaps even in the treatment of drinking water.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un procédé et à un appareil de production d'une composition visant à éliminer des organismes qui dépendent, directement ou indirectement, de la fixation de l'azote. Les ingrédients de la composition efficaces à l'élimination sont des ions de molybdène ou de tungstène. Ces ions métal, produits par exemple dans l'eau, sont toxiques pour des parasites tels que les termites ou les tarets. L'appareil comprend un circuit électronique (62) qui inverse périodiquement le courant sur les électrodes (56, 58) en molybdène, tungstène ou en alliages de celles-ci, ces électrodes (56, 58) étant positionnés adjacentes à un conduit (28) dans lequel circule l'eau.
PCT/US1993/010916 1992-11-16 1993-11-10 Elimination d'organismes indesirables Ceased WO1994010836A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU56015/94A AU5601594A (en) 1992-11-16 1993-11-10 Control of undesirable organisms

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US97708192A 1992-11-16 1992-11-16
US07/977,081 1992-11-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994010836A1 true WO1994010836A1 (fr) 1994-05-26

Family

ID=25524788

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1993/010916 Ceased WO1994010836A1 (fr) 1992-11-16 1993-11-10 Elimination d'organismes indesirables

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU5601594A (fr)
WO (1) WO1994010836A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4257352A (en) * 1979-04-12 1981-03-24 Ronald J. Randazza Protozoan marine life inhibitor
US4297243A (en) * 1979-10-02 1981-10-27 Union Oil Company Of California Molybdenum-exchanged crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite
US4869016A (en) * 1985-11-29 1989-09-26 The University Of Sheffield Marine biofouling reduction
US4992156A (en) * 1989-03-06 1991-02-12 Silveri Michael A Electrolytic pool purifier

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4257352A (en) * 1979-04-12 1981-03-24 Ronald J. Randazza Protozoan marine life inhibitor
US4297243A (en) * 1979-10-02 1981-10-27 Union Oil Company Of California Molybdenum-exchanged crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite
US4869016A (en) * 1985-11-29 1989-09-26 The University Of Sheffield Marine biofouling reduction
US4992156A (en) * 1989-03-06 1991-02-12 Silveri Michael A Electrolytic pool purifier

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5601594A (en) 1994-06-08

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