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WO1994010620A1 - Dispositif de commande d'energie pour reservoir d'eau chaude - Google Patents

Dispositif de commande d'energie pour reservoir d'eau chaude Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994010620A1
WO1994010620A1 PCT/CA1993/000455 CA9300455W WO9410620A1 WO 1994010620 A1 WO1994010620 A1 WO 1994010620A1 CA 9300455 W CA9300455 W CA 9300455W WO 9410620 A1 WO9410620 A1 WO 9410620A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hot water
heating
tank
water
energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CA1993/000455
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert D. Munroe
John T. Demalline
Domenic Filigno
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MEC Systems Corp
Original Assignee
MEC Systems Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MEC Systems Corp filed Critical MEC Systems Corp
Priority to AU53675/94A priority Critical patent/AU5367594A/en
Publication of WO1994010620A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994010620A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
    • F24H9/2021—Storage heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/156—Reducing the quantity of energy consumed; Increasing efficiency
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/16—Reducing cost using the price of energy, e.g. choosing or switching between different energy sources
    • F24H15/164—Reducing cost using the price of energy, e.g. choosing or switching between different energy sources where the price of the electric supply changes with time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/172—Scheduling based on user demand, e.g. determining starting point of heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
    • F24H15/223—Temperature of the water in the water storage tank
    • F24H15/225—Temperature of the water in the water storage tank at different heights of the tank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
    • F24H15/414—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/1919—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means characterised by the type of controller
    • G05D23/1923—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means characterised by the type of controller using thermal energy, the cost of which varies in function of time

Definitions

  • This invention relates to energy control and, more particularly, relates to a method and apparatus for controlling the use of electrical and hydrocarbon energy for heating water tanks.
  • a conventional electric or gas-fired hot water tank maintains a fixed temperature and volumetric supply of hot water 24 hours a day, regardless of demand. This practice is inefficient since energy is continually consumed to maintain this supply of hot water, even though it may not be needed for several hours.
  • a typical North American family is comprised of two adults and two children and has a clothes washer and a dish washer.
  • the energy required for the hot water consumed on a daily basis for bathing and for washing clothes and dishes is substantial, particularly when maintaining a 60 gallon tank of hot water at an average temperature of about 140°F. for 24 hours.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET water normally is being maintained at a preset temperature, but little hot water is consumed.
  • Hot water heater tanks normally have a fixed thermostat setting at, for example, 140"F. Set back thermostat devices are available which will turn off the energy supply to water heaters during peak demand periods.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET It is known that the hot water in an insulated hot water tank, stratified in layers according to density which is determined by the water temperature, can be maintained as a constant source of hot water for long periods of time even though the source of electrical energy has been turned "off". However, it is not known to combine the reduction of inventory or gallonage of hot water during low demand periods with an interruption of energy supply during peak demand periods.
  • the energy source can be reduced and distributed during non-peak hours such as during early morning hours to reduce the inventory and temperature of the hot water and the energy source then intermittently, randomly increased in increments in advance of the peak demand in the morning with a lead-time sufficient to heat a desired quantity of water from the existing temperature to the required temperature immediately before the peak demand.
  • the energy source preferably then is turned off during the peak demand.
  • the load shift system of the invention distributes the energy requirements of the heating cycle over a prolonged period of time immediately prior to the demand peak. This is achieved by cycling the heating elements on and off several times in the morning hours in
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET advance of the peak thus allowing the volume of water to increase and the water temperature to slowly rise over an extended period of time.
  • a random number generator is used to control the heating elements duty cycle.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the control system of the invention
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing hot water use in an average household
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing load shifting according to the present inventions.
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing hot water inventory and temperature control in accordance with the present invention.
  • the monitor controller 10 comprises a microprocessor 12 which is electrically connected to heating loads 14, 16 such as a gas burner or upper and lower electrical heating elements in a water heater by means of energy switches 1, N in a heating circuit.
  • the switches can be solenoids for actuating a gas burner or relays for immersion of electric heaters.
  • the microprocessor 12 is also electrically connected to upper and lower temperature sensors in a temperature circuit for monitoring tank water temperature levels in a tank.
  • the method and apparatus of the invention permits load shedding and load shifting.
  • Load shedding consists of removing hot water heater's energy consumption during the high demand periods.
  • the controller is programmed with utility designated lock- out times during which the water heater will remain off.
  • the controller moves the water heater's heating cycle to immediately before or after the lock-out time, depending on the user's programming.
  • the lock-out times will be of limited duration, so the user will experience no shortage of hot water.
  • Load shifting consists of the spreading of energy demand over a pre-determined period of time (see Figure 3) .
  • the controller accomplishes this by taking tank temperature information and, by using a heating rate learned from each specific tank, calculates the time required to heat the water to the user's next programmed temperature. The controller then looks at how long a time period exists until the water is required.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET subtracts lock-out periods, and calculates a heating schedule which will effectively spread the water heater's energy consumption outside of peak demand periods.
  • the power for the device is supplied by an electrical utility, and is applied only to the main controller unit.
  • the first step is to read in the temperatures from the tank. Based on the incoming temperatures, the current calendar time, the scheduled demand times programmed within the unit, and the actual demand of hot water, as seen from sudden temperature decreases within the tank, the device will calculate an economical schedule to when to heat the tank, as well as an appropriate temperature to ensure hot water demand is still met.
  • a switching device 14, 16, controlled by the computing device will apply power to the appropriate stratifications of the tank, based on the concepts of load-shifting and load-shedding described herein.
  • the computing device, programmable memory and calendar time may be changed/updated with the use of an external device.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET serviced with more heat to compensate for the loss, until at such time that hot water is removed from the tank, then the cycle repeats itself.
  • the device will "control" this cycle, and totally eliminate the need to service the tank due to heat loss. If the desired temperature of the tank is lowered, the tank itself will have a greater chance of maintaining this temperature. Not only does the device "control" the temperature, it will also maintain the cycle only when programmed to have hot water provided. This also takes into consideration, times requested NOT to heat the tank, at the local utilities' option. This time, for example can be peak utility demand times, in which electricity is more expensive to produce. This concept alone greatly increases savings to the utility.
  • Load shedding involves heating the tank prior to the times requested by the user or utility. Along with the times requested NOT to use energy, actual volume and temperature to be provided can also be specified. The unit will then disallow energy to be applied to the heating system at this time, unless the supply of water is extremely low. The reason for heating prior to the demand time is to allow heating the tank at a more economical time, before energy costs to the utility increase rapidly,
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET due to the need to import electricity from other sources to meet the demand.
  • the unit will not allow the tank to be heated during the peak times, unless requested by the utility and/or hot water demand exceeds supply, thus allowing the unit to update hot water requirements for that time of day, for the next occurring period.
  • load-shedding provides the benefit of removing the brief "servicing" periods during the non-demand periods.
  • Load shifting involves heating the tank to a specified temperature and volume over a longer period of time by splitting the heating cycle into separate, incremental stages. The incremental stages will be equal to each other, in order to disallow any loss of energy.
  • Load-shedding works in conjunction with load-shifting. During the heating process under load-shedding, the water will have virtually no chance to lose heat, because as the hot water rises to the top, this leaves the water that is closest to the element a chance to heat up during the next incremental cycle.
  • the controller measures the water temperature with temperature sensors by a means which will translate an analog voltage potential from the sensors to a digital equivalent value which is understood by the computing device.
  • the controller then calculates the length of time, termed calibration-time, that is required to heat water
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET within the tank from a pre-defined temperature up to a higher pre-defined temperature. This action is performed on a pre-defined on-going basis when the water is heated to continually update the calibration-time.
  • This calibration- time is therefore a dynamic value which will be used to compensate for possible changes in the environment of the water, that may affect the heating time.
  • the environment changes would include, but not limited to, temperature variances of the water within the tank, the ambient temperature outside of the hot water tank and internal tank physical changes, such as density changes of the water, impurities in the water and sediment carried into the tank by the water, of which any or all of these may affect the time required to heat the water.
  • This calibration-time will be used as a constant to calculate when to start to supply energy to the heating system, such that the water will be heated from a present temperature up to a pre-defined temperature.
  • This calibration-time is a unit of time, in minutes, that requires energy from the heating system to heat the water to raise the temperature by 5 degrees Fahrenheit, but may also be any other pre-defined temperature or temperature unit and time measurement unit.
  • the present invention provides the important advantage of meeting the demand for hot water during peak hours while substantially obviating peak hour energy demands with substantial savings in energy costs.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé et appareil permettant de commander l'énergie fournie à des chauffe-eau, plus particulièrement des chauffe-eau électriques, selon lesquels on perd de la charge et on décale cette dernière.
PCT/CA1993/000455 1992-10-26 1993-10-26 Dispositif de commande d'energie pour reservoir d'eau chaude Ceased WO1994010620A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU53675/94A AU5367594A (en) 1992-10-26 1993-10-26 A hot water tank energy controller

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB929222417A GB9222417D0 (en) 1992-10-26 1992-10-26 A hot water tank energy controller
GB9222417.9 1992-10-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994010620A1 true WO1994010620A1 (fr) 1994-05-11

Family

ID=10724037

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CA1993/000455 Ceased WO1994010620A1 (fr) 1992-10-26 1993-10-26 Dispositif de commande d'energie pour reservoir d'eau chaude

Country Status (4)

Country Link
AU (1) AU5367594A (fr)
CA (1) CA2147974A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB9222417D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994010620A1 (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0688085A1 (fr) * 1994-06-17 1995-12-20 Schlumberger Industries S.A. Système de contrÔle de la température avec optimalisation du changement du tarif
US5968393A (en) * 1995-09-12 1999-10-19 Demaline; John Tracey Hot water controller
WO2002010653A1 (fr) * 2000-07-27 2002-02-07 Tiran, Joseph Systeme de chauffage de l'eau domestique programmable
DE10142527A1 (de) * 2001-08-30 2003-04-03 Rudolf Riedel Gmbh & Co Kg Stelleinrichtung für die Raumtemperatur
WO2007028175A1 (fr) * 2005-09-02 2007-03-08 Andre Meinhard Fourie Dispositif de chauffage
US7432477B2 (en) 2005-04-19 2008-10-07 Robert Teti Set-back control for both HVAC and water heater via a single programmable thermostat
WO2008132573A3 (fr) * 2007-04-27 2009-02-26 Merloni Termosanitari Spa Amélioration d'un procédé permettant de gérer la température de l'eau dans un chauffe-eau à accumulation
WO2013014411A3 (fr) * 2011-07-26 2013-10-03 Isis Innovation Limited Système, procédé et appareil pour le chauffage
EP2570738A3 (fr) * 2011-09-19 2014-05-14 General Electric Company Gestion de demande pour chauffe-eau
US9405304B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-08-02 A. O. Smith Corporation Water heater and method of operating a water heater
CN120122746A (zh) * 2025-03-07 2025-06-10 江苏拓米洛高端装备股份有限公司 水箱温度控制方法、装置、电子设备、存储介质及程序产品

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2301146A1 (fr) * 1975-02-11 1976-09-10 Creda Electric Ltd Dispositif de commande pour installation de chauffage par accumulation
GB2203861A (en) * 1986-03-26 1988-10-26 Horstmann Gear Group Ltd Electrical heating control
WO1990012261A1 (fr) * 1989-04-13 1990-10-18 Voltage Regulated Systems Of South Carolina, Inc. Systeme d'alimentation en eau chaude

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2301146A1 (fr) * 1975-02-11 1976-09-10 Creda Electric Ltd Dispositif de commande pour installation de chauffage par accumulation
GB2203861A (en) * 1986-03-26 1988-10-26 Horstmann Gear Group Ltd Electrical heating control
WO1990012261A1 (fr) * 1989-04-13 1990-10-18 Voltage Regulated Systems Of South Carolina, Inc. Systeme d'alimentation en eau chaude

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0688085A1 (fr) * 1994-06-17 1995-12-20 Schlumberger Industries S.A. Système de contrÔle de la température avec optimalisation du changement du tarif
US5968393A (en) * 1995-09-12 1999-10-19 Demaline; John Tracey Hot water controller
WO2002010653A1 (fr) * 2000-07-27 2002-02-07 Tiran, Joseph Systeme de chauffage de l'eau domestique programmable
US6936798B2 (en) 2000-07-27 2005-08-30 Joseph Tiran Programmable domestic water heating system
DE10142527A1 (de) * 2001-08-30 2003-04-03 Rudolf Riedel Gmbh & Co Kg Stelleinrichtung für die Raumtemperatur
DE10142527C2 (de) * 2001-08-30 2003-08-14 Rudolf Riedel Gmbh & Co Kg Stelleinrichtung für die Raumtemperatur
US7432477B2 (en) 2005-04-19 2008-10-07 Robert Teti Set-back control for both HVAC and water heater via a single programmable thermostat
WO2007028175A1 (fr) * 2005-09-02 2007-03-08 Andre Meinhard Fourie Dispositif de chauffage
WO2008132573A3 (fr) * 2007-04-27 2009-02-26 Merloni Termosanitari Spa Amélioration d'un procédé permettant de gérer la température de l'eau dans un chauffe-eau à accumulation
WO2008132570A3 (fr) * 2007-04-27 2009-02-26 Merloni Termosanitari Spa Procédé de retardement pour gestion de la température de l'eau dans un chauffe-eau à accumulation
WO2013014411A3 (fr) * 2011-07-26 2013-10-03 Isis Innovation Limited Système, procédé et appareil pour le chauffage
EP2570738A3 (fr) * 2011-09-19 2014-05-14 General Electric Company Gestion de demande pour chauffe-eau
US9405304B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-08-02 A. O. Smith Corporation Water heater and method of operating a water heater
US10753648B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2020-08-25 A. O. Smith Corporation Water heater and method of operating a water heater
CN120122746A (zh) * 2025-03-07 2025-06-10 江苏拓米洛高端装备股份有限公司 水箱温度控制方法、装置、电子设备、存储介质及程序产品

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5367594A (en) 1994-05-24
GB9222417D0 (en) 1992-12-09
CA2147974A1 (fr) 1994-05-11

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