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WO1994008748A1 - Torche a plasma - Google Patents

Torche a plasma Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994008748A1
WO1994008748A1 PCT/JP1993/001488 JP9301488W WO9408748A1 WO 1994008748 A1 WO1994008748 A1 WO 1994008748A1 JP 9301488 W JP9301488 W JP 9301488W WO 9408748 A1 WO9408748 A1 WO 9408748A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nozzle
torch
cooling water
electrode
inner cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP1993/001488
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hitoshi Sato
Toshio Yoshimitsu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Komatsu Ltd
Original Assignee
Komatsu Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Komatsu Ltd filed Critical Komatsu Ltd
Publication of WO1994008748A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994008748A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3421—Transferred arc or pilot arc mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3436—Hollow cathodes with internal coolant flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3442—Cathodes with inserted tip
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3468—Vortex generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3478—Geometrical details

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a torch for a plasma cutting machine that cuts a material to be cut by generating a plasma arc between an electrode and the material to be cut.
  • the torch for the plasma cutting machine has a nozzle around the electrode to form a working gas passage, a cooling water passage to cool the electrode, and an insulator to insulate the electrode from the nozzle. It consists of a cap that fastens the nozzle to the torch main body, and narrows the plasma arc generated between the electrode and the material to be cut in front of the tip of the electrode to raise the temperature to achieve good cutting. Like that.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a torch for a plasma cutting machine.
  • An electrode 42 is press-fitted into the torch body 40 via a collar 41.
  • a ceramic insulator 43 having a hole 44 is fitted between the electrode 42 and the torch body 40.
  • a case 45 is provided on the outer periphery of the tip of the torch body 40. Between the case 45 and the insulator 43, a nozzle 46 having a hole 47 through which a plasma arc passes toward the material 60 to be cut is sandwiched. It is fastened to the case 45 by the stopper 50. nozzle
  • a gap 48 through which the working gas flows is provided between 46 and the electrode 42, and a cooling water chamber 51 is formed between the nozzle 46 and the cap 50. Further, the torch body 40 has an inlet pipe 53 and an outlet pipe for cooling water for cooling the electrode 42 and the nozzle 46.
  • a working gas passage 52 is also provided.
  • the inlet pipe 53 and the outlet pipe 54 communicate with the cooling water chamber 51 through passages 55 and 56 formed in the case 45, respectively.
  • the working gas flows in from the arrow L, and the passage 5 2
  • the gas is ejected from the hole 47 at the tip of the nozzle 46 through the hole 44 of the insulator 43 and the gap 48.
  • the cooling water flows in from the arrow M, cools the electrode 42, and then enters the cooling water chamber 51 from the passage 55, cools the nozzle 46, passes through the passage 56, the outlet pipe 54, and the arrow. Exhausted to N.
  • FIGS. 5A to 5D The electrode 42, the nozzle 46 having the hole 47, and the material 60 to be cut are the same as those in FIG. 4 described above, and 61 is a high frequency generator.
  • a high-frequency circuit is operated to cause a high-frequency discharge to cause the gas between the electrode 42 and the nozzle 46 to be insulated.
  • the high-frequency circuit is stopped, and a pilot current is caused to flow through the nozzle 46 to generate a pilot arc 62.
  • FIG. 5a showing the first step, a high-frequency circuit is operated to cause a high-frequency discharge to cause the gas between the electrode 42 and the nozzle 46 to be insulated.
  • a second step shown in FIG. 5B the high-frequency circuit is stopped, and a pilot current is caused to flow through the nozzle 46 to generate a pilot arc 62.
  • FIG. 5a showing the first step, a high-frequency circuit is operated to cause a high-frequency discharge to cause the gas between the electrode 42 and the nozzle 46 to be insulated.
  • a pilot current is passed through the nozzle 46, and a main current is passed through the material 60 to be transferred to the main arc 63.
  • the pilot circuit is cut off, and a main current is caused to flow through the workpiece 60 to start cutting.
  • the main arc 64 passes through the hole 47 of the nozzle 46, and the nozzle 46 is electrically neutral.
  • such a conventional torch for a plasma cutting machine has the following problems when cutting a three-dimensionally complex molded product such as an automobile body. That is, the electrode 42 and the nozzle 46 are held by the insulator 43, but the insulator 43 is made of alumina, has a low heat transfer coefficient, and has a poor cooling ability of the nozzle 46. Therefore, in order to cool the nozzles 46, the outer periphery of the cap 50 is water-cooled, and the outer diameter of the cap 50 is increased, so that the ability to approach (adjust to) the molded product, which is the material to be cut 60, is low. May come into contact with the molded product, causing a double arc (illegal discharge) phenomenon, which may damage the torch and the molded product.
  • the gas is allowed to flow around the outer periphery of the nozzle, and a gas shield cap is provided on the outer periphery, so that the outer diameter of the tip end of the nozzle is large and a three-dimensional molded product can be obtained.
  • the ability to approach is low.
  • the present invention has been made in order to solve the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the outer diameter of the torch tip is small, the ability to approach a molded product is high, and the nozzle comes into contact with a material to be cut such as a molded product.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a torch for a plasma cutting machine that enables the optimal setting of the flow direction and the torch, and further integrates the torch's durable members to facilitate handling and management. Disclosure of the invention
  • a first invention according to the present invention is a torch for a plasma cutting machine, in which a nozzle has a gas outlet hole for controlling a flow direction and a flow rate of a plasma gas.
  • the gas flow direction (swirl flow or axial flow) and flow rate can be optimally set as necessary.
  • a second invention is the torch for a plasma cutting machine according to the first invention, wherein the insulator for insulating the electrode and the nozzle is made of an aluminum nitride material.
  • the nozzle that has a large amount of heat flowing into it due to the extremely high temperature of the plasma arc is in contact with the insulator made of aluminum nitride material with high thermal conductivity, so the heat of the nozzle is efficiently transferred to the cooling water. This prevents damage such as melting due to a rise in the temperature of the nozzle.
  • the tip of the torch can be made thin, and the ability to approach the material to be cut is good.
  • the cooling water passage for cooling the electrode is provided around the inner cylinder supplying the cooling water and the inner cylinder, and cooling is performed through a gap between the inner cylinder and the inner cylinder.
  • the cooling water flows within the same electric potential and is less likely to cause electrolysis, thereby preventing corrosion mainly caused by electrolysis.
  • a fourth invention is the torch for a plasma cutting machine according to the first invention, wherein an electrical insulator is applied to a portion of the outer surface of the nozzle which is in contact with the atmosphere.
  • the torch has at least a case, a body, an insulator, a cooling water pipe and a gas pipe which are durable members, and the durable member is integrally formed.
  • This is a torch for a plasma cutting machine having a resin to be molded.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a torch for a plasma cutting machine according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view from a direction perpendicular to FIG. 1
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a gas outflow hole portion of the nozzle according to the present invention (cross-section X-X in FIG. 1).
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional torch for a plasma cutting machine.
  • FIG. 5B, FIG. 5C and FIG. 5D are explanatory diagrams of a control system for each step of the conventional plasma cutting machine.
  • BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Preferred embodiments of the torch for a plasma cutting machine according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • a resin case 2 is fitted into the tip of a resin cover 1, and a metal body 3 having gas holes 4 is fitted into the case 2.
  • An electrical insulator 5 made of resin, ceramic, or the like is fitted inside the body 3, and the insulator 5 holds a metal outer cylinder 6 fitted inside.
  • the outer cylinder 6 has one end connected to a metal block 7 disposed inside the case 2, and the other end fitted with an electrode 10.
  • a nozzle 12 is attached to the outer periphery of the electrode 10 via an insulator 11 made of an alumina nitride material, which is an insulator, and is fastened to the body 3 by a metal cap 13.
  • a gas outlet hole '14 is provided near the rear end of the nozzle 12, and a gas outlet 15 is provided at the front end.
  • the gas outlet hole 14 may be in the tangential direction of the inner diameter surface of the nozzle 12 shown in Fig. 3a or the center direction of the inner diameter surface of the nozzle 12 shown in Fig. 3b.
  • the hole diameter of 14 is also set from the required gas flow rate.
  • An electrically insulating material 16 such as resin or ceramic is coated or adhered to the outer surface of the nozzle 12 which is in contact with the atmosphere, and is an object to be cut (not shown). Even when it comes into contact with a three-dimensional molded product, no current is supplied.
  • a gas chamber 17 is formed between the cap 13 and the insulator 11, and a gap 18 is provided between the electrode 10 and the nozzle 12. The gas chamber 17 and the gap 18 communicate with each other through a gas outlet hole 14.
  • high-frequency and high-voltage wires 19 are arranged, one end of which is connected to the body 3, and the other end of which is connected to a power supply (not shown).
  • the gas hole 4 of the body 3 and one end of the hole 23 provided in the block 2 are connected by a pipe 20, and the other end of the hole 23 is connected to a pipe 21 having a joint 22.
  • a conductive inner cylinder 30 for supplying cooling water for cooling the electrodes 10 is mounted in communication with one end of a hole 33 formed in the center of the block 7, Reach inside the electrode 10.
  • the other end of the hole 33 is connected to an inlet water pipe 31 having a joint 32.
  • An outlet water pipe 34 having a joint 35 is connected to the hole 36 communicating with the gap between the case 2 and the case 3, the body 3, the insulator 5, the outer cylinder 6, the block 7, and the power supply shown in FIG. Line 19, pipes 20 and 21 and inlet water pipe 31 and outlet water pipe 34 shown in FIG. 2 are partially or entirely molded by resin 8 and integrated. .
  • the operation of the torch for a plasma cutting machine having such a configuration is as follows. First, the flow of the plasma gas is supplied from the direction A to the joint 22, passes through the pipe 21, the hole 23, and the pipe 20, enters the gas chamber 17 from the gas hole 4, and flows through the gas outflow hole 14. Then, the gas enters the gap 18 and is ejected from the gas ejection port 15 in the direction of the material to be cut.
  • this gas outlet hole 14 is as shown in Fig. 3a, the plasma gas becomes a swirling flow, and the plasma arc has a small outer diameter, that is, is narrowed down, and is ejected from the gas outlet 15 and covered with a small-diameter plasma arc.
  • the cutting width is small and the processing accuracy is good.
  • the gas outlet hole 14 is as shown in Fig. 3b, the plasma gas flows axially and the plasma arc flows with a large component perpendicular to the material to be cut, so that the molten metal adheres to the material to be cut. Effective for reduction.
  • the heat flowing into the nozzle 12 by the plasma arc mainly passes through the insulator 11, which is a sintered body of alumina nitride (A 1 N) having good heat conduction, and passes through the rear end of the electrode 10. Therefore, similarly to the cooling of the electrode 10 described later, the cooling water is efficiently cooled by the cooling water in a low temperature state. Therefore, damage such as melting due to a rise in the temperature of the nozzle 12 is prevented, so that another cooling water passage for cooling the nozzle 12 is unnecessary, and the tip of the torch can be made thin. As a result, the ability to approach the material to be cut such as a molded article having a complicated three-dimensional shape is good, the restriction on the cutting position of the molded article is improved, and the design becomes easy.
  • the insulator 11 is a sintered body of alumina nitride (A 1 N) having good heat conduction
  • the flow of cooling water is supplied from the direction B to the joint 32 (see Fig. 2), and reaches the electrode 10 through the inlet water pipe 31, the hole 33, and the inner cylinder 30.
  • the electrode 10 After cooling the electrode 10 with the cooling water in the state, it flows through the gap between the inner cylinder 30 and the outer cylinder 6, passes through the hole 36, the outlet water pipe 34, flows from the joint 35 in the direction C, and is discharged.
  • the cooling water flows through the passage having the same potential, so that it is difficult for electrolysis to occur, thereby preventing corrosion mainly caused by electrolysis.
  • the insulator 16 is coated on the outer surface of the nozzle 12, even when it comes into contact with a three-dimensional molded product, which is a workpiece (not shown), there is no energization and a double arc is generated. There is no danger of damaging the torch or molded part because it does not occur.
  • the present invention has a high ability to approach a molded product with a thin torch tip and a complicated shape, and does not damage the torch or molded product even when the nozzle comes into contact with the workpiece, and does not cause corrosion of the cooling water passage. Further, it is useful as a torch for a plasma cutting machine capable of optimally setting the flow direction and flow rate of plasma gas.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une torche à plasma. L'extrémité distale de cette torche possède une haute capacité d'approche d'une pièce de forme complexe, n'endommage pas la torche ou la pièce même lorsqu'une une buse vient en contact avec la pièce, ne provoque pas la corrosion d'un passage d'eau de refroidissement et permet de régler à des valeurs optimales un sens d'écoulement et un débit d'un gaz de plasma. La buse (12) est équipée d'un orifice (14) pour réguler le débit et le sens d'écoulement du gaz de plasma, et un matériau électriquement isolant (12) est déposé sur une partie de la surface extérieure de la buse (12) venant en contact avec l'atmosphère. Un isolant (12) destiné à séparer une électrode (10) de la buse (12) est constitué d'un matériau en nitrure d'aluminium. En outre, le passage d'eau de refroidissement permettant de refroidir l'électrode comporte un cylindre intérieur (30) destiné à amener de l'eau de refroidissement, et un cylindre extérieur (6) formé autour du cylindre extérieur (30) et permettant l'évacuation de l'eau de refroidissement par un espace libre entre les deux cylindres. Par ailleurs, l'élément de structure résistant comportant le passage d'eau de refroidissement est moulé en résine (8).
PCT/JP1993/001488 1992-10-20 1993-10-18 Torche a plasma Ceased WO1994008748A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4/78917U 1992-10-20
JP078917U JPH0639276U (ja) 1992-10-20 1992-10-20 プラズマ切断機用トーチ

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994008748A1 true WO1994008748A1 (fr) 1994-04-28

Family

ID=13675210

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP1993/001488 Ceased WO1994008748A1 (fr) 1992-10-20 1993-10-18 Torche a plasma

Country Status (2)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0639276U (fr)
WO (1) WO1994008748A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2804450B1 (fr) * 2013-05-16 2022-05-04 Kjellberg-Stiftung Pièce isolante en plusieurs parties pour une torche à arc plasma, torche et agencements associés dotés de celle-ci et procédé associé

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6208095B1 (en) * 1998-12-23 2001-03-27 Axcelis Technologies, Inc. Compact helical resonator coil for ion implanter linear accelerator
JP4688450B2 (ja) * 2004-08-16 2011-05-25 株式会社小松製作所 プラズマ加工機、プラズマトーチ及びその部品の着脱方法
JP4828108B2 (ja) * 2004-10-14 2011-11-30 タマティーエルオー株式会社 物理蒸着装置
BR112015028734B1 (pt) * 2013-10-04 2022-03-22 Kjellberg-Stiftung Peça isolante de uma ou mais partes para uma tocha de arco por plasma, em particular, uma tocha de corte por plasma e disposições e tochas de plasma tendo a mesma

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6117290U (ja) * 1984-07-09 1986-01-31 日立精工株式会社 プラズマア−クト−チ
JPS6353376U (fr) * 1986-09-18 1988-04-09
JPS63145576U (fr) * 1987-03-13 1988-09-26
JPS6415676U (fr) * 1987-07-13 1989-01-26

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5116178B2 (fr) * 1973-04-11 1976-05-22
JPS5675826A (en) * 1979-11-22 1981-06-23 Ube Ind Ltd Cover sheet with adhesive agent
JPS6330181A (ja) * 1986-07-21 1988-02-08 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd プラズマト−チ
JPS6444283A (en) * 1987-08-10 1989-02-16 Osaka Denki Co Ltd Plasma arc torch
JPH0471779A (ja) * 1990-07-12 1992-03-06 Masahiro Ashizuka ハンダゴテ
JPH04197582A (ja) * 1990-11-29 1992-07-17 Kawasaki Steel Corp ガスシールドアーク溶接用トーチ
JP4108976B2 (ja) * 2001-12-28 2008-06-25 キヤノンマーケティングジャパン株式会社 求貨求車サーバ及びプログラム

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6117290U (ja) * 1984-07-09 1986-01-31 日立精工株式会社 プラズマア−クト−チ
JPS6353376U (fr) * 1986-09-18 1988-04-09
JPS63145576U (fr) * 1987-03-13 1988-09-26
JPS6415676U (fr) * 1987-07-13 1989-01-26

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2804450B1 (fr) * 2013-05-16 2022-05-04 Kjellberg-Stiftung Pièce isolante en plusieurs parties pour une torche à arc plasma, torche et agencements associés dotés de celle-ci et procédé associé

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0639276U (ja) 1994-05-24

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