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WO1994007135A1 - Appareil de prelevement d'un echantillon de fluide - Google Patents

Appareil de prelevement d'un echantillon de fluide Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1994007135A1
WO1994007135A1 PCT/GB1993/001947 GB9301947W WO9407135A1 WO 1994007135 A1 WO1994007135 A1 WO 1994007135A1 GB 9301947 W GB9301947 W GB 9301947W WO 9407135 A1 WO9407135 A1 WO 9407135A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
latch
chamber
rest position
flow passage
breath
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB1993/001947
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Basil Martin Wright
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lion Laboratories Ltd
Original Assignee
Lion Laboratories Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB929219989A external-priority patent/GB9219989D0/en
Priority claimed from GB939304634A external-priority patent/GB9304634D0/en
Application filed by Lion Laboratories Ltd filed Critical Lion Laboratories Ltd
Priority to AU48244/93A priority Critical patent/AU4824493A/en
Publication of WO1994007135A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994007135A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
    • G01N33/497—Physical analysis of biological material of gaseous biological material, e.g. breath
    • G01N33/4972—Determining alcohol content
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N2001/2244—Exhaled gas, e.g. alcohol detecting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/24—Suction devices
    • G01N2001/241—Bellows

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus for taking a fluid sample from a fluid stream passing along a flow passage and, in particular, but not exclusively, to apparatus for taking a breath sample for use in a breath alcohol tester.
  • the invention consists in an apparatus for taking a fluid sample from a fluid stream along a flow passage, including latch-operated sampling means and means for releasing the latch in response to pre-determined flow conditions in the passage, including an expansible chamber communicating with the flow passage, an element movable away from and towards a rest position in response to expansion and contraction of the chamber, such that in its movement away from the rest position the element passes the latch without operating it whilst in its subsequent movement towards the rest position the element operatively engages the latch to operate the sampling means.
  • the latch may include a head portion having a cam surface on one side, which deflects the operating element, or a part thereof, as it moves away from the rest position and a detent, on the other side, for engaging the element as it returns towards the rest position.
  • the operating element, or the part thereof is resilient or spring mounted.
  • the operating element may include a pivoted lever arm on which the part is mounted and the resilient means may be arranged to urge the lever arm towards the rest position.
  • the lever arm may include a projection for engaging the wall of the chamber and the length of that projection may be adjustable.
  • the apparatus may include a plate interposed between the chamber and the projection and in this case the chamber may be in the form of an inflatable bag acting between the plate and a base member.
  • a stop may be provided for limiting the movement of the operating element away from the rest position to the position in which the chamber is fully inflated.
  • the apparatus includes a single port for supplying breath to the chamber in which case the fluid sample may be taken between the port and the chamber.
  • the apparatus may include separate sample and chamber supply ports and these may be concentric. Where there are two ports, it is particularly preferred that they are of different diameters, so that a breath input tube can be simply and uniquely mounted. It will be understood that the characteristics of the tube and the location of the ports within it dictate the rate of expansion of the chamber for any particular flow rate.
  • the invention consists in an apparatus for taking a fluid sample from a fluid stream along a flow passage comprising, a chamber communicating with the flow passage, a positive displacement pump or extraction system for taking a fluid sample from the flow passage, a spring or motor for actuating the pump or extraction system respectively, a latch for holding the spring in a pre-stressed or the motor in a ready condition, an expansible chamber communicating with the flow passage and having a movable wall, and release means operatively connected to the latch and the movable wall, such that when the expansible chamber reaches a pre-determined volume and then drops from that volume the release means is moved, thereby releasing the latch and actuating the pump or extraction system.
  • the invention also includes gas testing apparatus, such as alcohol testing apparatus, incorporating the sampling apparatus defined above.
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of apparatus for taking a fluid sample from a fluid stream along the flow passage;
  • Figure 2 is an end view of the arrow A with the breath tube removed;
  • Figure 3 is a section along the line II-II with the breath tube removed with part of the mechanism shown in different operational positions;
  • Figure 4 shows the apparatus of Figure l, with the breath tube removed, immediately prior to a sampling operation; and Figure 5 is the equivalent view after a sample has been taken.
  • the apparatus includes a base plate 12 on which is mounted a latch-operated sampling system 13 and a release mechanism generally indicated at 14.
  • the sampling mechanism 13 is essentially generally well known and manufactured by Lion Laboratories pic. Put simply it includes a piston 15 slidable in a cylinder 16 against a spring 17 which urges it towards its raised position. The piston 15 can be held in its lower position (see Figure 3) against the action of the spring 17 by a pivoted latch 18. When the piston is released it moves rapidly upwardly causing air to be drawn into a fuel cell 19 from an inlet port 20.
  • a further inlet port 21 is provided within the breath tube 11 upstream of the inlet port 20.
  • This is connected to an expansible bag or chamber 22 by an air passage 23,in which there is a variable restriction 23a, for preset adjustment of the rate of flow into the bag 22.
  • the variable restriction could be dispensed with and the air passage 23 will be proved by a tube of the appropriate bore.
  • a plate 24 lies on top of the bag so that it can be raised as air flows into the bag when breath is blown down the tube 11. Upward movement of the plate 24 causes upward pivoting movement of a lever arm 25, which is pivotally mounted at 26 on a support 27, which is upstanding from the base 12.
  • the plate 24 is engaged by the lever arm 25 by means of a projection 28 engaging in a hole 24a.
  • a spring 29 urges the lever arm 25 downwardly in a sense to cause the bag 22 to be compressed.
  • the spring 29 is therefore a tension spring connected at one end to the middle of the arm 25 and at the end to the support 27 adjacent the pivot point of lever arm 25.
  • This arrangement allows for adjustment to give an inverse relationship between downward force and deflection and, with suitable design, the difference between the upward and downward forces can be made virtually constant and the pressure required to operate the device can be minimised, making it harder for a subject to operate the device without giving a valid sample.
  • a restricted outlet 22a is provided in the bag 22 to allow breath condensate to be voided from the bag as the bag is inflated and subsequently deflated.
  • a pivoted pawl 30 At the free end of the lever arm 25 is a pivoted pawl 30, which moves towards and away from the raised position shown in Figure 3 as the lever arm 25 is raised and lowered by the bag 22.
  • the pawl 30 and latch 18 could be replaced by a ratchet mechanism.
  • the subject blows into the tube 11 and due to the restriction 11a at its downstream end, a proportion of the air is bled into the inlet 21 and thence into the bag 22 via the passage 23.
  • the bag 22 starts to inflate and the pawl 30 cams past the head 31 of the latch 18, which is in its Figure 4 position due to the sampling mechanism 13 having previously been set by depressing the piston 15.
  • the upward movement of the lever arm 25 may be limited by a stop 34, which represents the fully expanded position of the bag 22. In this position, the pawl 30 sits with its free end 30a just above the detent 33 of the head 31.
  • the pressure in the bag 22 will be positive with respect to the pressure in the tube 11 and the bag 22 will collapse very quickly causing a sample to be taken.
  • the sampling apparatus 10 thus provides an arrangement which enables a "end of breath" sample to be efficiently, quickly and accurately taken using purely mechanical and pneumatic means, enabling the whole mechanism to be powered by the breath of the subject. There is therefore no battery drain. So that the unit is cheap to manufacture, maintain and use and can be used in the enforcement market or in the self testing market.
  • the latch 18 could operate an electrical switch for operating an electric motor of an extraction system, if desired.
  • a particular advantage of the system is that it does not require a specific volume to be expired within a specific time. Thus it will successfully test both subjects who blow hard for a short time and those who blow slowly for a long time.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un appareil de prélèvement d'un échantillon de fluide, par exemple, un appareil pour prélever un échantillon d'haleine dans un alcootest. L'appareil (10) possède un tube respiratoire (11) à partir duquel peut être prélevé un échantillon à l'aide d'un mécanisme d'échantillonnage (13) actionné par un loquet. Le mécanisme se libère de l'échantillon par le déplacement vers le bas d'une saillie (30). Avant de se déplacer vers le bas, la saillie (30) se soulève grâce à une poche expansible (22) qui se gonfle lorsque le sujet expire. Lorsque le sujet s'arrête d'expirer, ou même lorsqu'il inverse sa respiration, la poche (22) se dégonfle en évacuant l'air par un orifice (22a) sous le poids d'un bras de levier (25) et la force du ressort (29). Ce dégonflement entraîne le mouvement d'activation vers le bas, mentionné ci-dessus, de la saillie (30).
PCT/GB1993/001947 1992-09-22 1993-09-14 Appareil de prelevement d'un echantillon de fluide Ceased WO1994007135A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU48244/93A AU4824493A (en) 1992-09-22 1993-09-14 Apparatus for taking a fluid sample

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB929219989A GB9219989D0 (en) 1992-09-22 1992-09-22 Apparatus for taking a fluid sample
GB9219989.2 1992-09-22
GB9304634.0 1993-03-06
GB939304634A GB9304634D0 (en) 1993-03-06 1993-03-06 Apparatus for taking a fluid sample

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994007135A1 true WO1994007135A1 (fr) 1994-03-31

Family

ID=26301662

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1993/001947 Ceased WO1994007135A1 (fr) 1992-09-22 1993-09-14 Appareil de prelevement d'un echantillon de fluide

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU4824493A (fr)
WO (1) WO1994007135A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995026889A1 (fr) * 1994-03-30 1995-10-12 Drager Australia Pty. Ltd. Dispositif de controle et embout
EP0866334A1 (fr) * 1997-03-18 1998-09-23 Plasto S.A. Dispositif échantillonneur, notamment pour analyseur de gaz
US6129680A (en) * 1995-06-19 2000-10-10 Btg International Limited Animal exhalation monitoring
US6488635B1 (en) 1995-06-19 2002-12-03 Btg International Limited Animal exhalation monitoring

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4297871A (en) * 1978-11-03 1981-11-03 Wright Basil M Gas sampling devices
EP0153883A2 (fr) * 1984-03-02 1985-09-04 Lion Laboratories Limited Appareil pour l'analyse de gaz
EP0302681A2 (fr) * 1987-08-07 1989-02-08 Lion Technology Limited Dispositif d'échantillonnage de fluides

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4297871A (en) * 1978-11-03 1981-11-03 Wright Basil M Gas sampling devices
EP0153883A2 (fr) * 1984-03-02 1985-09-04 Lion Laboratories Limited Appareil pour l'analyse de gaz
EP0302681A2 (fr) * 1987-08-07 1989-02-08 Lion Technology Limited Dispositif d'échantillonnage de fluides

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995026889A1 (fr) * 1994-03-30 1995-10-12 Drager Australia Pty. Ltd. Dispositif de controle et embout
US6129680A (en) * 1995-06-19 2000-10-10 Btg International Limited Animal exhalation monitoring
US6488635B1 (en) 1995-06-19 2002-12-03 Btg International Limited Animal exhalation monitoring
EP0866334A1 (fr) * 1997-03-18 1998-09-23 Plasto S.A. Dispositif échantillonneur, notamment pour analyseur de gaz
FR2761159A1 (fr) * 1997-03-18 1998-09-25 Plasto Sa Dispositif echantillonneur, notamment pour analyseur de gaz

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4824493A (en) 1994-04-12

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