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WO1993024414A1 - Procede et dispositif visant a eliminer des composes organiques dissous dans l'eau et/ou flottant a la surface de l'eau - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif visant a eliminer des composes organiques dissous dans l'eau et/ou flottant a la surface de l'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993024414A1
WO1993024414A1 PCT/HU1993/000032 HU9300032W WO9324414A1 WO 1993024414 A1 WO1993024414 A1 WO 1993024414A1 HU 9300032 W HU9300032 W HU 9300032W WO 9324414 A1 WO9324414 A1 WO 9324414A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
needles
oil
organic
organic substances
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/HU1993/000032
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
István JAKAB
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO1993024414A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993024414A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
    • E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
    • E02B15/10—Devices for removing the material from the surface
    • E02B15/104—Conveyors; Paddle wheels; Endless belts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
    • B01D17/0202—Separation of non-miscible liquids by ab- or adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
    • B01D17/0208—Separation of non-miscible liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D17/0214—Separation of non-miscible liquids by sedimentation with removal of one of the phases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/204—Keeping clear the surface of open water from oil spills
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/33—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

Definitions

  • the water polluted with organic substances is brought into contact with means provided with an articulated surface. T adhering organic component is then removed.
  • the water-contacting means have mutually spaced apart (i, h) needles (18) and / lamellas (18a) made of crosslinked elastomer (s) of high molecular substances, preferably rubber, containing if required fille and / or additives.
  • the organic components adsorbed on said means are removed therefrom by a gas under a pressure exceedi the atmospheric pressure, preferably air and / or saturated steam, and / or are sucked off in a vaeuum and / or are removed by ce trifugation or by sweeping.
  • the device has means which can be brought into contact with the water containing the organic co pounds and which are provided with projeeting elements on their surface, as well as means for removing the components that a here to said elements.
  • the device has mutually spaced apart (h, i) needles (18) and / or lamellas (18a) made of an elastomer high molecular substances, preferably rubber.
  • (57) Summary The water contaminated with organic substances is brought into contact with an agent having an articulated surface. The adhering organic component is removed.
  • large-molecular substances preferably rubber
  • having agents and the organic components adsorbed thereon are mixed with a gas exceeding the atmospheric pressure, preferably with air and / or saturated steam and / or by suction in a vacuum and / or by centrifuging, and optionally by sweeping off the agent away.
  • the device has means which can be brought into contact with the water containing organic compounds and contains elements which protrude from its surface, and means which serve to separate the components adhering to these elements.
  • the device has needles (18) and / or lamellae (18a) which are arranged at intervals (h, i) and which are made of large molecular weight elastomer, preferably rubber.
  • the invention relates to a method and a device for removing organic compounds dissolved in and / or floating on the water surface, in particular hydrocarbons or vegetable oils from the water or from the water surface.
  • the invention furthermore relates to an oil or oil derivative or grease stain which is used to localize floating or / or dissolved in the near-surface water layer and / or to remove them from and out of the water .
  • eid 1 and its derivatives in huge quantities for a wide variety of purposes (eg motor drive and lubrication, heating, energy production, production of chemical materials and plastics, sooting technology, etc.) the extraction or processing of these substances is furthermore connected with the transport and storage of the same, as a result of which there is sometimes disastrous environmental pollution.
  • the deep-sea transport takes place, for example, predominantly by means of huge special tankers, in which accidents occur quite frequently.
  • Oil can contaminate large areas of the sea and the associated coastal areas, which can lead to tragic damage and destruction of the living environment. Such sources of danger also mean the oil derricks in the high seas.
  • Contamination by oil or other organic substances e.g. Pakura, kerosene etc.
  • oil and / or fat-containing emulsions in the food industry e.g. meat processing, vegetable oil production, etc.
  • large mechanical engineering companies e.g.
  • a known solution is, for example, enclosing the oil floating on the water by means of elastic floating frames and thereby preventing its further spread. This is followed by the concentration of the 4 -
  • the endless belt consists of two belts separated by a cross-rib system; Here the skimmed oil-containing water is transported to a collecting vessel in the cavities between the two belts. - 5th
  • German patent specification 2 313 746 The essential feature of the oil disposal device described in German patent specification 2 313 746 is that it has rotating disks partially immersed in the water, from which the adhering oil is removed mechanically (by wiping off) after it has been lifted out of the water.
  • a polypropylene fiber system is attached to the endlessly made belt and the oil floating on the water surface is skimmed off with the help of it.
  • the device used to remove the impurities floating on the water surface, in particular oil has an endless skimming belt, the inclination of which (its angle enclosed by the horizontal) adjusts and which Belt drive speed can be changed continuously.
  • the adhering impurities are removed from the belt by means of a skimming knife and skimming rollers.
  • the groundwater In order to remove the kerosene, oil and similar contaminants that have penetrated into the groundwater, the groundwater is pumped up from the large wells arranged on the contaminated area in accordance with a currently used method, and a depression is thus built up.
  • Various pumps are used for this purpose.
  • the "Scavenger” phase separation pump is most frequently used.
  • the hydrocarbons, which are occasionally dissolved in significant amounts, are removed from the water with an air counterflow ("air stripping").
  • the disadvantage of the former method is that the impurities which have separated from the column after regeneration - diluted with large amounts of water - have to be treated further;
  • the disadvantage of the second method is that the kerosene, oil, etc., which appears in the form of sludge, also requires further treatment and the large amount of the liquid phase which is carried away contains various chemicals, salts, etc., which then results in further problems leme caused.
  • Another group of execution solutions used for cleaning oil and fat-containing waste water contains various chemicals and other substances which cause flocculation and coagulation (eg aminium sulphate, iron chloride sulphate, sodium polyacrylate, organic salt, kitchen salt, "Mavebit P39 ", Cement, bentonite, etc.) added to the raw sewage.
  • the phases are separated according to the Hungarian patent specifications Reg. 192922, 200 576 and 200 139 by gravitation or centrifugation.
  • Patent Specification Reg. No. 187 095 also used a heat supply, whereas in the methods described in the Hungarian patent specifications Reg. Nos. 198 427, 198 529 and 199 096 to secure the course of the necessary reactions in addition to the addition of chemicals and the supply of heat the effect of pressure is also used.
  • the Hungarian Patent Reg. No. 187 426 describes a process used for the purification of (eg containing benzene, dichloroethane, toluene) waste water from the pharmaceutical industry. Accordingly, the wastewater is allowed to flow over columns saturated with apolar adsorption synthetic resin (AMBERLITE XAD-4).
  • the synthetic resin adsorbs about 5-20 ° ⁇ of its own mass based on the solvent content of the wastewater passed through.
  • the washed out organic solvents must be extracted from the condensed water.
  • the condensed water contains about 20% solvent and 80% water.
  • the column was also operated with an activated carbon filling of the NUXIT-B0 brand.
  • the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon column decreased rapidly after washing with steam and it did - 12 -
  • the invention is such a device or construction for removing various organic substances, in particular petroleum, petroleum derivatives and fats from the water. of the water surface, which is able to effectively remove the most diverse organic substances not only from the surface of the liquid, but from the liquid mass itself - where it is generally present as a molecular solution in a finely suspended or dissolved state are to be removed, whereby the removal of the organic matter from the discharge means itself can be carried out practically completely.
  • the invention is based on the following findings.
  • vate on the other hand, is usually low. It has been found that in the case where crosslinked elastomers produced with the water containing organic substances from expediently low molecular mass substances, such as polymers, copolymers, in particular types of rubber (synthetic rubber), cross-linked elastomers are produced If needle quantities are brought into contact, the individual lamellae or needles of which are arranged in close proximity to one another, then two influences have an effect on the organic substance to be removed (for example oil, petrol, kerosene): Surface energy (low permittivity) produced elements are wetted by the oil and petroleum derivatives as well as other organic substances in the water and generally much lower surface tension - precisely because of their lower surface tension than by the water because the wetting - for most - one Consequence of the surface tension is.
  • adhesion By means of and there is a certain adhesion connection (adhesion) between the large molecular needle or lamellar substances and the petroleum or the petroleum derivative and the molecules of other (non-polluting) substances.
  • This adhesion adhesion is caused by physical forces), whereby their effect basically only extends to the depth of the diameter of a few molecules, but the petroleum derivatives and the other (organic) contaminants form in a system common with the water because of their very nature surface tension much lower than that of water-fine emulsion droplets, so that the amount of organic substances adhering to the needles / lamellae due to the adhesion, for example petroleum derivatives, can be quite different in some cases.
  • the stated object within the meaning of the invention was achieved with the aid of a method in the course of which the water containing the organic compound (s) is brought into contact with an agent having an articulated surface, and subsequently the adhering organic (s) n) compounds) are removed from the agent, and the essential feature of the method is that for contact (contact) with the water from - possibly containing filler (s) and / or supplement (s) - large molecular substance , advantageously made of rubber-crosslinked ⁇ n) elastomer (s) - 16 -
  • gas or air jets with a pressure of 4-6 bar are used for blowing off with gas, preferably with air. It is useful if saturated steam jets with a pressure of 4-6 bar are used for blowing off with saturated steam.
  • the sludge containing the separated organic substances is allowed to fall out of the gas jet, preferably the air jet, which is conveying them, during vacuum suction.
  • the gas jet preferably the air jet, which is conveying them.
  • the importance of vacuuming is that its use will prevent the entry of turbidity, distillates and vapors into the surrounding air in the course of the other desorption processes (blowing off with steam, air, centrifugation, etc.) and so no environmental pollution can be caused.
  • the medium in addition to the large molecular substance as filler, is flame and / or gas black and / or furnace black and / or white carbon based on silicate, while additives, on the other hand, zinc oxide and / or sulfur and / or binding agents and / or agents containing binding accelerators and / or stearic acid and / or plasticizers and / or antioxidants.
  • the device according to the invention has an agent which can be brought into contact with the water containing the organic compound (s) and contains elements which protrude from its surface, and an agent which serves to separate the organic compound (s) adhering to these elements .
  • the essential feature of this device is that it has needles and lamellae which are arranged at a distance from each protruding element and which consist of large-molecular substances which optionally contain filler and / or additive (s), advantageously of crosslinked elastomers made of rubber. It is expedient if the needles and / or lamellae are produced from a substance having the same permittivity as the permittivity of the organic substance to be removed from the water, or if the solubility - 18 -
  • Parameters of the material of the needles and / or lamellae are the same or approximately the same as the solubility parameters of the organic substances to be removed from the water.
  • the hardness of the needles and / or lamellae is between 55-60 Sh degrees. It is advantageous if the material of the needles and / or lamellas as filler is flame and / or gas soot and / or furnace soot and / or white soot based on silicate, but as an additive zinc oxide and / or sulfur and / or binding accelerator and / or stearic acid and / or Contains plasticizers and / or antioxidants.
  • the needles are cylindrical or / and truncated and / or truncated cone-shaped, their mutual distance at their feet is between 0.1-3.0 mm, their height between 0.5-40.0 mm, their diameter 0.1-4.0 mm, even on their feet, provided they are conical.
  • the thickness of the slats is generally between 0.5-12 mm, their length between 0.5-40 mm, the width of the gap between the slats, however, is between 0.1-4 mm.
  • the majority of the needles are circular or star-shaped in their cross section.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the device is characterized by the fact that it has one, one with the needles and / or - 19th
  • an air blowing unit is arranged as the first desorbing unit, then an evaporation unit as the second desorbing unit, then the drying tunnel or drying oven and finally the cleaning apparatus provided with brushes or brooms.
  • a collection drain shaft is arranged under the desorbing unit (s) through which the belt is passed, in which taps (valves) are installed one above the other or one below the other to allow the phases of differing densities to be drained separately.
  • a vacuum suction unit can also be assigned to these drain units.
  • the embodiment is also expedient, according to which the belt is mounted together with the desorbing unit or units on a floating body. With this device, the contamination (including the oil derivatives) of the living water can be removed very effectively.
  • Another advantageous embodiment of the device is characterized by the fact that on the floating body, expediently on the living hull provided in particular for the cleaning of living waters contaminated by oil and / or oil derivatives, another hull with a needle and / or Lamellae are arranged from a belt provided with a covering layer suitable for adsorbing organic substances, to which one or more containers are assigned, for further separation of the liquid emerging from the desorbing unit and partially freed from its content of organic substances
  • a gravitational separator gravitational separator (gravity separator) is provided, to which a means, preferably a line, for conveying the thinner, more liquid phase separated into the container is connected.
  • the second belt is also passed through a desorbing unit and a drying tunnel, which below with a drain ahn (valve) - 21
  • the device has e.g. into a well, which can be lowered and lifted out, preferably raised and lowered by means of a rope, and on its outer surface provided with a dip layer having needles and / or lamellae suitable for adsorbing organic substances and a desorbing unit to which a Sa mel drainage shaft is connected.
  • the shaft is equipped with drain taps (valves) which are arranged one above the other or one below the other and are suitable for draining the phases having different densities.
  • the embodiment of the device which is characterized by the fact that it has a closed housing in which a rotating vertical or essentially vertical shaft connected to an engine with variable speed is arranged, to which a shaft on its surface leads to Adsorption of needles and / or lamellas with organic substances - 22 -
  • Layer-comprising means projecting in the lateral direction, preferably disks, are attached one below the other or one above the other at corresponding mutual distances;
  • One or more openings, which are expediently formed in the cover, open into the housing at the top and the organically contaminated wastewater, and the openings used for supplying the saturated steam are likewise, preferably arranged in the side wall of the housing, in the lower part of the housing, preferably in the bottom of which are designed, on the one hand, to let out the liquid phase freed from the organic substances and, on the other hand, to let out the sludge rich in organic substances.
  • the means provided with the cover layer, preferably disks are inclined downwards in comparison to the horizontal.
  • needle is to be understood in the broadest sense, that is to say needle means any body protruding from the surface, the length of which exceeds its diameter (its width) and that at a distance from it the neighboring is arranged.
  • the expression “lamella” is to be understood in a similar manner in the broadest sense: the lamellae can be solid or perforated, corrugated - 23 -
  • the area of the upper end of the one end is immersed in the container serving to hold the amount of water contaminated with organic substances, in particular oil or oil derivatives , inclined upward, having a top layer provided with adsorbing elements, for example needles and / or lamellae, is surrounded by a closed box in which the desorbing unit working with steam injection is arranged, the latter being - preferably via a pipeline - with a Coolable expansion tank connected and this is - conveniently also via a pipe - connected to the phase separator.
  • the expansion tank is arranged in an outer tank, which is connected to the tank containing the water quantity to be cleaned in a manner that allows the water to be recirculated as cooling water through the outer tank by means of the pipelines, of which A circulation pump is built into the pipe. It is also advantageous if, on the one hand, a pipeline, which serves to remove the cleaned water from the system and contains the valve, and on the other hand a - 24 -
  • valve-containing pipe which expediently connects to the pipe leading the liquid to be cleaned into the container.
  • the invention also relates to the agent used to localize the oil and / or oil derivative and / or fat contaminants floating on the water surface, for which it is characteristic that they have an elongated leg which widens outwards in cross section the - preferably four-pointed - star-shaped, in terms of its circumferential shape elliptical tube, which is surrounded by a filler material which is elliptical in terms of its outer contour, preferably having a lower density than water, outside of which, on the other hand, are suitable for adsorbing organic substances Material produced, parallel to the geometric longitudinal axis line of the means slats separated from each other by smaller distances than their own strength.
  • the lamellae are expediently made of a large-molecular material, which may contain fillers and / or additives, preferably made of cross-linked elastomer.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the device in a sketched side view, which is used to remove petroleum or its derivatives from the groundwater
  • FIG. 2 shows a device suitable for removing petroleum or its derivatives from the well water vertical cross section to see
  • FIG. 3 shows the device (means) for removing the organic substances of the device according to FIG. 2 on a larger scale, partly in a vertical section
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the device shown in a sketched side view, which is attached to a Float is mounted and used for the removal of oil or oil derivative flowing into the sea or rivers or lakes,
  • FIG. 8 shows a detail of the construction according to FIG. 6 in a plan view on a larger scale in order to better illustrate the geometric relationships of the mechanism used to remove the organic substances
  • FIG. 11 shows another embodiment of the embodiment mounted on a floating body, partly in a sketched vertical section, partly in a side view,
  • FIG. 12 shows the top view of the device according to FIG. 11,
  • FIG. 13 shows a section along the line A-A drawn in FIG. 12.
  • the device shown in FIG. 1, which operates in uninterrupted operation, is used to remove the oil layer 17, which is contaminated by oil on the surface of the collecting water (working pit) 1, which has sunk under the water table - 27 -
  • the device has floated, i.e. for cleaning the groundwater.
  • the device is equipped with a belt 2, which is expediently made of strong technical fabric and on the inner surface of which a cover layer 3 consisting of needles 18 spaced apart from one another is fastened; the detailed description of this layer will be returned below.
  • the belt 2 is set in motion by the drive roller 5 in the direction indicated by the arrows JJ (the direction of rotation of this roller was designated by jj 1) and the belt 2 moves along that by the guide rollers 4a-4h fixed path, guided and tensioned by these rollers (in the guide roller 4c, the arrow indicating the direction of rotation 0 ⁇ 2 was drawn in).
  • the height of the section of the belt 2 entering the collecting pit 1 is set such that the belt 2 is always immersed in the oil layer 17 that collects on the surface of the groundwater 16 with the respective groundwater level the height of the guide rollers 4e and 4d can be adjusted in accordance with the double arrow b_.
  • the air-blowing unit 6 and the steam-off unit 8, through which the belt 2 is guided, also form part of the device.
  • the pipeline is used to blow the air into the first-mentioned unit - 28 -
  • blow-off shaft 7 is also part of the air-blow-off unit 6.
  • the drain shaft 9 belongs to the steam-off unit 8 and the pipe line 14 is used for supplying the steam.
  • the steam-off mechanism 15 is also provided with a plurality of blow-off heads 15 a.
  • the drying tunnel 10 and the brushed cleaning disk 11 which can be driven in the direction of the arrow U33 are also part of the device.
  • the belt 2 When driven by the drive roller 5 (via gear ratios), the belt 2 moves continuously in the direction of the arrows a, and on the top layer 3 of the belt in the one located in the collecting pit (for example in an earth basin), generally from a few percent
  • the oil is adsorbed to petroleum or petroleum derivatives and to the rest of the immersion section consisting of water.
  • the belt 2 is in contact with the water contaminated by the oil (the oil derivative) for about 4 minutes.
  • the belt 2 arrives slowly from the collecting pit 1 at a speed of approximately 0.8 m / sec. moving forward, into the air-blowing unit 6.
  • the top layer 3 consisting of needles 18 is blown through the blow-off heads 13 under high, preferably - 29
  • Air jets under a pressure of 4 bar are directed, with which the majority - generally 85-90% - of the adhering aqueous oil or other organic substances is removed from the belt 2.
  • the blown off oil tightness reaches the drainage shaft 7, from where - after a short period of inactivity - the water and oil present in a ratio of approx. 50-50% are separated by the taps (not shown) can be drained according to the arrows £ and cl.
  • the interface between oil and water was designated by the letter el.
  • the belt 2 is then put into practice in the evaporator Unit 8 conveyed and here the second phase of desorption with saturated steam under a high, expedient 4 bar pressure carried out, and thus the remaining adhering oil is removed.
  • the aqueous mixture blown off with steam is left to rest in the discharge shaft 9 for a short time, during which the oil accumulates on the water surface (here the interface was designated by the letter el).
  • the taps corresponding to the arrows _fl and _f2 are each drained separately.
  • the belt 2 leaves the evaporation unit 8 leaving the warm air drying - 30 -
  • the device can be designed and built for any capacities, and can be transported to a different place of work after cleaning a collecting pit (a pool or pond) mounted on a mobile chassis.
  • a collecting pit a pool or pond
  • the needles 18 are cylindrical and are arranged with the diameter g, the height jn and in the lateral direction to one another with the minimum lateral distances i, in rows perpendicular to one another; there are distances between the needles 18 arranged diagonally to one another i_, where i> h.
  • channels 19 are formed in the interior of the cover layer 3 between the cylindrical needles 18 - between four needles 18 in each case - which, as will be seen later, increase the effectiveness of the adsorption play an important role.
  • the height jn (FIG. 6) can be between 0.5-40.0 mm, the diameter g between 0.5-12.0 mm, the lateral distance between the adjacent needles
  • the needles 18 need not necessarily be cylindrical, for example they can taper upwards.
  • the cross section of the needles 18 does not necessarily have to be circular, but can also be star-shaped, for example.
  • the adsorbing elements of the cover layer can not only be needles, but can also be lamellae 18a, as can be seen in FIG. 7, where the spaces between the lamellae have been designated 18a. With a correct selection of the lamella thickness and the gap widths, such a fine lamella construction behaves practically like the needle construction according to FIG.
  • the lamella thickness is 0.5-12 mm, the gap width 0.1-4.0 mm, the lamella height, however, 0.5-40.0 mm. It is only natural that the needles and / or lamellae can enlarge the specific surface of the belt to a large extent, even more than ten times.
  • One advantage of the lamella construction is that it is easy to extrude. - 33 -
  • the needles 18 are made of a large molecular substance, generally of polymers, copolymers, preferably of rubber (synthetic rubber), crosslinked elastomers and fillers and additives. They are produced on roller mills in the rubber industry or in closed mixing plants and by vulcanizing in tools, possibly with extruder technology and vulcanizing in steam boilers.
  • the needles are not porous, their hardness is generally 55-60 degrees Sh.
  • fillers and reinforcers they can e.g. Flame and gas soot (or furnace soot), possibly containing "white soot” on a silicate basis.
  • a recipe is given below as an example, on the basis of which the needles according to FIGS. 6-8 can be produced:
  • solubility parameters of the adsorption needles can be produced according to the recipe between 8.2-11.0, so that the optimal (ideal) adsorption needle - which in many cases also enables selective separation - is added to the impurities to be eliminated with organic substances -Material determined ("found") 35 -
  • the needles according to the invention made from the above material, have the extraordinarily favorable effect that such a capillary adsorption effect occurs, according to which the organic substances, for example the oil, not only adhere to the surface of the needles (and fills the spaces 20 of the width h visible in FIG. 8), but also remains in the channels 19 with the greater width _i_, so that in this way a substantially larger amount of the organic substances adheres to the needles 18, if the belt 2 lifts out of the liquid contaminated by oil or oil derivatives.
  • the organic substances for example the oil
  • Another extraordinarily favorable property of the needles 18 of the device according to the invention produced from substances described in detail above is that the adsorption effect expires over a period of about 10-15 seconds (from contacting) added to the oil or other organic substances), the adsorption bond wears off, the adsorbed mass (turbidity) begins to eat down from the needles, which greatly facilitates the desorption. If the soil is extremely porous and the flow of groundwater quickly occurs even without causing depression, cleaning the large - 36 -
  • adsorption stopper which is a cylindrical hollow body closed at the top and bottom with the other attached to its outer surface, having the cover layer 3 in connection with the properties described in FIGS. 1 and 6-8, the latter being - as can be seen clearly from FIG. 3 - with adsorption needles attached to the support layer 2a fitted.
  • the support layer 2a is fastened to the outer lateral surface of the metallic cylindrical support body, which is closed at the top by the cover 33 at the bottom by the truncated cone-shaped base 34, the latter facilitating the lowering of the support body 32 in those shown in FIG. 2 Fountain 22.
  • FIG. 2 shows the components of the device for moving the immersion body 21 and for performing the desorption.
  • the lifting devices 25 mounted on the rotatable stand 31 serve to move the already mentioned rope 24.
  • the rotatable stand itself sits on a chassis 26 provided with wheels 26a.
  • the device is equipped with two adsorption immersion bodies 21 - 37 -
  • the device also has a desorbing unit 27 in the housing 35, which is designed as a sheet metal construction and can be closed, the compressed air pipeline 28 and the saturated high pressure steam pipeline 29 open, and to which the (not shown) water and oil drain taps Connected collection and drainage shaft 30 connects.
  • the device according to FIGS. 2 and 3 works in the following way:
  • wells 21 having a diameter of approximately 300 mm and provided with a cover layer 23 at a height of approximately 500 mm are expediently drilled and into this the purpose - moderately lowered a 3-4 cm smaller outside by esser having cylindrical adsorption immersion body 21 under the level of the groundwater contaminated by oil. If the ground is loose and loose, the water can be contaminated by falling earth due to the movement of the immersion body (see double arrow j in FIG. 2), in order to prevent this, a provisional (later removable) metal or plastic material can be placed in the well 22. Lining tube 23 are used.
  • the adsorption immersion body 21 lifts about 15-20% of the mass each time - 38 -
  • the water of the drilled well 22 is repeated by repeated immersion (e.g. eight to ten times) of the contaminating petroleum and / or its derivatives (e.g. Kerosene) can be exempted.
  • two immersion bodies 21 are in use at once: on one side, one immersion body 21 is lowered under the level of the groundwater in the well, and this immersion body adsorbs the contaminated liquid, whereby from the other immersion body 21 in the desorbing unit 27 - in accordance with or similar to that described in connection with FIG.
  • the device according to FIG. 4 was provided, on the floating body 37 (for example towing or ship, etc.) of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 similar to that by means of the drive roller 5 in the direction of FIG - 40 -
  • Arrows a driven and tensioned by the guide rollers 4a-4g tensioned endless belt 2 (skimming belt) is mounted, on the outer surface of which the adsorptive properties already described (see FIGS. 6-8 and the associated text part) containing needles 18 3 is attached.
  • the unloading part 42 of the belt 2 which is determined by the guide rollers 4d-4f and protrudes like a duckbill, is immersed in the water mass 36 (sea, lake, river, etc.) contaminated by oil / oil derivatives, and this unloading part 42 can be the double arrow b can be adjusted accordingly in its altitude.
  • Parts of the device are also the air-blowing unit 6 and the evaporation unit 7, the construction of which is identical to the construction of the units of this type in FIG. 1, which is why in FIG. 4 the construction elements already described in connection with FIG. 1 with the ones used there Reference numbers are referred to or the reference letters have been applied accordingly.
  • 1 is that the device according to FIG. 4 has a drying chamber 38 in which the dryer head 39 connected to the pipeline 40 supplying the hot air is arranged, and also in that that a rotating brush mechanism 41 is used for mechanical cleaning of the cover layer 3 of the dried belt 2. - 41 -
  • the float 36 moves on the one water level ⁇ vl and has a surface contaminated by oil or oil derivatives, the water slowly, at a speed of 1-4 km / h, the drive roller 5 via a reduction - the belt 2 with one of dependent on the speed of the float 37 moves in the direction of arrow a.
  • the belt 2 conveys the skimmed oil over the floating body 37.
  • the desorption process takes place in the air-blowing unit 6 and in the evaporation unit 8 in the manner described in connection with FIG. 1.
  • the belt 2 is dried in the drying chamber 38, the mechanical cleaning by means of the brush mechanism 41.
  • a further advantage means that the oil skimming unit of the device according to FIG. 4 on ships with a flat bow design (ferry ships, military landing vehicles, etc.) is quick and easy - 42 -
  • FIG. 5 shows a linear — long, cord-like — embodiment of the invention, designed as a means for localization, in cross section, which is preferably used for quickly and reliably enclosing and locating the spotty oil / oil derivative floating on the water surface.
  • the inner core of this linear means is formed by a four-pointed star-like tube 43, the points of which widen outwards.
  • This inside empty, possibly inflatable tube 43 - which is expediently made from strong technical fabric - is surrounded by a slightly porous, floating filler 44, expediently a large molecular substance, for example an elastomer, against which the longitudinally directed - ie to the longitudinal axis line x. of the linear means parallel - slats 45 are fastened, which are arranged tightly, with small lateral distances z next to each other.
  • the material of the lamellae is the same as that of the needles 18 described in connection with FIGS.
  • the medium is elliptical, on the water surface with the level of the mirror ⁇ 2 it is analogously with its longer axis line parallel to the water surface.
  • the lamellar system which has adsorbing properties, prevents the oil / oil derivative layer floating on the water surface from bypassing the flexible linear means - even in waves - above or below.
  • the cross-section is therefore elliptical so that the medium does not rotate or lie on the water surface.
  • the hose 43 which has a star-shaped cross section, on the one hand contributes to the increase in buoyancy due to the buoyancy of the air therein, on the other hand it gives the cross section the corresponding rigidity when it is wound on drums with a large diameter, so that the cord-like linear means is not flattened.
  • the ends can be fastened to one another with the aid of quick coupling elements, so that penetration of the water into the interior of the hose 43 is prevented. With the help of these quick coupling elements, an oil trap dam of any length can be practically made from the required number of linear means.
  • the filler 44 containing a small amount of closed pores prevents the linear medium from sinking in the event that water should get into the hose for some reason.
  • the linear agent can be produced using a continuous vulcanization extruder commonly used in the rubber industry. With the help of the linear mean, an oil stain lying within a radius of 5-10 km can also be localized and then skimmed off from the localized area, for example with the device according to FIG. 4.
  • the linear mean is according to his - 45 -
  • the device shown in FIG. 9 is suitable, which has a container 46 for receiving and temporary storage, into which the raw oil / fat-containing wastewater flows through the pipeline 62, which previously has a (not shown) Gravitation separator happened where it was already subjected to a deposition process due to the difference in density of the floating organic substances.
  • the organic substances dissolved in the amount of water 67 in the container 46 (a real solution or fine emulsion, which generally means a concentration of approximately 50-50,000 g /) must be removed with the belt 2 containing the cover layer 3.
  • the cover layer 3 forms the needles 18 described in connection with FIGS. 6-8.
  • a slow mixer 47 is arranged in the container 46.
  • the drive roller of the belt 2 was given the reference number - 46 -
  • the steam generator 50 belonging to the device supplies the steam required for desorbing the cover layer 3, the arrow k illustrates the steam feed line.
  • the outer end of the belt 2 is surrounded by a closed box 52 made of sheet metal, and within which the gear 60 with the motor is arranged. The desorption point is through a pipe
  • the pipeline 63 emerges from the container 46 containing the contaminated amount of water 67, while another pipe 64 into which the cooling water circulating pump 55 is installed - emerges from the outer container 69 and opens into the container 46
  • the expansion tank 53 is connected via the pipe 65 to the vacuum pump 54 on the one hand, and to the phase separator 56 (a conical tank at the bottom) via the pipe 70, from the upper part of which the valve 57 containing and for discharging the separated and floating ones Hydrocarbons provided pipeline 61 from - 47
  • the water mass 67 to be cleaned is gently kept in motion in the container 46 by the mixer 47.
  • the belt 2, which slants into the water mass 67 at an angle (at an angleplace), is driven by the drive roller 49, which rotates in accordance with the arrow J, at a speed reduction of 0.7-1.3 m / min. moved in the direction of arrow a_.
  • the belt 2 runs at its upper end through a closed box 52, in which the adsorbed substances are blown off from the cover layer 3 with the aid of a steam nozzle system.
  • the saturated water vapor reaching a pressure of 4-6 bar is produced from the soft water in the feed water tank with the help of the steam generator 50.
  • the sludge, vapors, vapors blown off with the steam are discharged through a suction opening - 48 -
  • the expansion tank is cooled with the waste water to be cleaned practically continuously via the pipes 63 and 64.
  • the waste water serving as a coolant is kept in circulation by the circulating pump 55.
  • the aqueous slurry accumulating at the bottom of the expansion tank is led into the phase separator 56 through the pipeline 70 provided with a tap (valve).
  • the concentrated hydrocarbons floating there, for example oils, are led out of the system through the pipeline 66, and the outlet is regulated by the valve 57.
  • the wastewater accumulating at the bottom of the phase separator 56 is returned via the pipes 61 and 62 through the valve 58 to the tank 46, in which the level of the water level was designated by the letter v3.
  • the cleaned waste water is let out of the tank 46 through the outer tank 69, the pipeline 70 by correspondingly actuating the valve (not shown) installed in it.
  • a motor-driven power generator 59 is used - 49 -
  • FIG. 10 an embodiment of the device designed as a centrifuge eliminator was shown in a sketch in a vertical axial section (the perpendicular geometric center line was designated with the reference letter y).
  • the device has a housing denoted overall by the reference number 71, consisting of a cylindrical side wall 72 formed with flanges, a flat cover 72 and a curved bottom 73 provided with a flange, which are attached to their flanges by means of screws 76 are assembled into one unit.
  • the inner diameter D of the housing 71 is, for example, 500 mm, its height M is 620 mm and the distance s between the outer edge of the adsorption discs 75 which stand outwards in comparison to the horizontal of the shaft 74 and which descend to the outside at an angle fo and the inner surface of the cylindrical side wall 72 can be, for example, 50 mm.
  • the diameter d1 of the shaft 74 is expediently 60 mm.
  • Variable speed 74 six adsorption disks 75 are attached above or below one another at equal intervals (approximately 80-90 mm).
  • adsorbent cover layer 3 consisting of needles 18 in an arrangement described in FIGS. 6-9 and from the material indicated there.
  • openings 72 in the cylindrical side wall 72 are e.g. provided at its locations, at which its arrows 81 are shown.
  • the arrows 78 accordingly, the wastewater to be cleaned is fed into the housing 71, the wave 74 being slow, for example at a speed of 2-3 rpm. circulates. (It should be noted here that it is dual.
  • the wastewater is previously in gravity 51
  • ganic pollution Before projecting the facility, ganic pollution must be determined by a laboratory test, with which top layer of material containing the "adsorption tendency" of the given contaminating substances on the next adsorption is effectively secured so that the optimal adsorption can be effectively ensured. It should be noted here that with the device, several organic substances occurring side by side in the wastewater can be eliminated in one step. In this device too, in addition to blowing off, vacuum suction must also be used, since this means that slurries, vapors and vapors can be removed from the device more quickly, the inside of the housing and the top layer 3 "dry" and become cleaner more quickly.
  • FIGS. 11-13 show an embodiment of the device, which is mounted on a hull, and which serves to completely render the organic cleaning elements floating on the surface of the water and partially dissolved in the water harmless, namely the first Line for the elimination of oil / oil derivative and other contaminants which can be found in high seas and around drilling rigs and caused by oil tankers.
  • the execution solution is similar to that according to FIG. 4, which is why the reference numbers and references used there for referring to the same construction element or directions of movement are also used here. - 54 -
  • the device according to FIGS. 11-13 also carries out a cleaning of two stages, insofar as the organic component is eliminated from the cloudy first stage to the extent that organic substances (eg petroleum ) of at most 1-3 g / m, so that this cleaned wastewater can be left in the sea, the lake or the river, etc.
  • organic substances eg petroleum
  • the small water cleaning ships according to Fig. 11-13 can also be projected as units which can be assembled and disassembled with screw connections, so that after they have fulfilled their respective tasks on the land, they can be used on site, for example. itt ⁇ ls ⁇ ines a Sattelschl ⁇ pp ⁇ rs can be transported.
  • the device according to FIG. 4 is similar, ⁇ in the front with ⁇ in ⁇ m protruding (protruding) part 42, approximately 30.0 m long, endless adsorption belt
  • the belt is 3x1.0 m wide.
  • the material and arrangement of the needles are the same as those described in connection with FIGS. 6-8.
  • the height of the protruding part 42 can be equal to that of the double arrow, the drive being effected by 55 -
  • the desorbing unit 82 which e.g. a 6 bar compressed air blow-off unit and (insofar as it concerns the purification of sea water) an evaporation unit 97 working with salt water (see Fig. 13).
  • the air compressor required for blowing off air was designated with the reference number 99 in FIG. When the ship is used to clean fresh water. also works the steaming unit with fresh water.
  • a hand-operated gravitational separator which is known per se and which is connected by pipe 84 to the container 85 provided for the waste water (FIGS. 11 and 12). This is connected by the pipeline 86 to a second container 87, which is also used for receiving and storing waste water.
  • a second (alternating) approx. 22.0 m long endless desorb belt 2b can alternately be used, the cover layer 3 of which can be exactly the same as that of the belt 2. (In the figure, the belt 2b works in the container 85.)
  • the belt 2b is driven by the drive roller 90, (arrow a1) and the guide rollers 91a-91g are tensioned and guided.
  • a second (smaller) desorbing unit 89 is associated with the belt 2b and works with a fresh water evaporation unit 98, for this purpose the water can be removed from the container 88.
  • the belt 2b also runs through a drying tunnel 103 (FIG. 13), which is supplied with hot air by the hot air compressor 100 (FIG. 12).
  • the desorbing unit 89 is provided with an outlet tap 104.
  • the device also includes the motor 93 shown in FIG. 11, the current generator 94, the coupling 95, the propeller 96, the flow tank 102 and also the laboratory shown in FIG. 12.
  • 11-13 takes place in the following way:
  • the ship continues to move on the contaminated water section at a speed of 2.0 km / h.
  • 3.0 m wide "large" adsorption belt 2 which is driven at a speed of approx. 1.0 m / min, completely covers the area of water lying in front of the hull.
  • the belt 2 applies a liquid length of 61.5 kg / min (3.7 t / h), which in the desorbing unit is covered by the cover layer 3 in a manner similar to that described in connection with FIG. 1.
  • a compressed air quantity of approx. 150 m / h under a pressure of 6 bar is used for this work step
  • the remaining organic contaminants are cleaned with salt water.
  • the "small" desorption belt 2b is operated in the containers 85, 87 in the manner already described several times in the preceding.
  • the desorbing unit 89 only fresh water vapor separation takes place (the fresh water requirement is about 2.0 m / day) and then the belt 2b is dried in the drying tunnel 103 with air at a temperature of 100 C, in which air escapes only the water jet 105 d ⁇ m in Fig. 13 ⁇ ing ⁇ z ⁇ netnetes arrow j ⁇ _ ⁇ ntspr ⁇ ch ⁇ nd (for drying ⁇ hot air ⁇ ng ⁇ of 160 m / h is required).
  • 89 treated wastewater was practically also emptied of its 50-60 g / m content of organic pollutants, it only contains organic matter in a quantity of approx. 1 g / m and can (in a quantity of approx. 3500 kg / h) would be let into flowing water.
  • the degree of purification can be measured in the laboratory 101 using a gas chromatograph or another device.
  • the turbidity separated in the desorbing unit 89 is fed back (in a quantity of approx. 400 kg / h) into the gravitational separator and is subjected to a new separation process.
  • the greatest advantage of the invention is that it enables not only the removal of oil and oil derivative cleanings from the surface of living water bodies, but also low investment and operating costs with an extraordinarily simple and practical implementation solution also to win out

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Removal Of Floating Material (AREA)

Abstract

L'eau polluée par des substances organiques est mise en contact avec un moyen dont la surface est articulée. Le composé organique adhérent est alors éliminé. Pour la mise en contact avec l'eau, on utilise des moyens comportant des aiguilles (18) et/ou des lamelles (18a) placées à distance les unes des autres (i, h) et réalisées à partir d'élastomère(s) réticulé(s) constitué(s) de substances à haute densité moléculaire, du caoutchouc de préférence, contenant éventuellement des charges et/ou un (ou des) additif(s). Les composés organiques adsorbés sur ces moyens en sont éliminés par un gaz sous une pression excédant la pression atmosphérique, de préférence de l'air et/ou de la vapeur saturée et/ou sont aspirés dans le vide et/ou sont éliminés par centrifugeage ou bien éventuellement par balayage. Le dispositif comprend des moyens pouvant être mis en contact avec l'eau contenant les composés organiques et qui présentent des éléments qui débordent de leur surface. Le dispositif comprend également des moyens servant à éliminer les composés qui adhèrent auxdits éléments. Le dispositif comporte des aiguilles (18) et/ou des lamelles (18a) à distance les unes des autres (h, i) qui sont réalisées à partir d'un élastomère constitué de substances à haute densité moléculaire, du caoutchouc de préférence.
PCT/HU1993/000032 1992-06-01 1993-06-01 Procede et dispositif visant a eliminer des composes organiques dissous dans l'eau et/ou flottant a la surface de l'eau Ceased WO1993024414A1 (fr)

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HUP9201809 1992-06-01
HU9201809A HUT70676A (en) 1992-06-01 1992-06-01 Purification of water contaminated with kerosene, oil, petrol and ther organic materials by means of and adsorptional process, adsorptional modules, method and apparatus for purifying such water

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Cited By (7)

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WO2003031340A1 (fr) * 2001-10-04 2003-04-17 Richard Egli Dispositif et procede pour retirer du petrole ou des matieres flottantes d'une surface d'eau
EP2243531A1 (fr) * 2009-04-23 2010-10-27 Edgard Longo Dispositif pour la séparation et la récupération des graisses et des matières solides des eaux usées
CN111320219A (zh) * 2020-04-18 2020-06-23 章志娟 一种用于受污染流域污染物去除的生态修复装置
CN114684887A (zh) * 2020-12-30 2022-07-01 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种石油类污染地下水原位修复装置及方法
CN114987701A (zh) * 2022-08-03 2022-09-02 威海海洋职业学院 一种海洋油污处理无人船
CN117843080A (zh) * 2024-03-07 2024-04-09 陕西嘉丰自控设备技术有限公司 一种油田水处理装置
CN119176598A (zh) * 2024-11-26 2024-12-24 浙江华普新材股份有限公司 铁杂质磁力吸附处理装置

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DE1484374B2 (de) * 1964-01-30 1973-05-24 Seger, Paul, 2000 Hamburg Verfahren zur beseitigung von auf oberflaechen, insbesondere wasseroberflaechen, befindlichen oelschichten
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WO2003031340A1 (fr) * 2001-10-04 2003-04-17 Richard Egli Dispositif et procede pour retirer du petrole ou des matieres flottantes d'une surface d'eau
EP2243531A1 (fr) * 2009-04-23 2010-10-27 Edgard Longo Dispositif pour la séparation et la récupération des graisses et des matières solides des eaux usées
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CN114684887A (zh) * 2020-12-30 2022-07-01 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种石油类污染地下水原位修复装置及方法
CN114987701A (zh) * 2022-08-03 2022-09-02 威海海洋职业学院 一种海洋油污处理无人船
CN117843080A (zh) * 2024-03-07 2024-04-09 陕西嘉丰自控设备技术有限公司 一种油田水处理装置
CN117843080B (zh) * 2024-03-07 2024-05-28 陕西嘉丰自控设备技术有限公司 一种油田水处理装置
CN119176598A (zh) * 2024-11-26 2024-12-24 浙江华普新材股份有限公司 铁杂质磁力吸附处理装置

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AU4352093A (en) 1993-12-30
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