[go: up one dir, main page]

WO1993024412A1 - Procede electrochimique et appareil pour desoxygener l'eau ou des solutions aqueuses - Google Patents

Procede electrochimique et appareil pour desoxygener l'eau ou des solutions aqueuses Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1993024412A1
WO1993024412A1 PCT/FI1993/000229 FI9300229W WO9324412A1 WO 1993024412 A1 WO1993024412 A1 WO 1993024412A1 FI 9300229 W FI9300229 W FI 9300229W WO 9324412 A1 WO9324412 A1 WO 9324412A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
bed
particles
cell
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FI1993/000229
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Seppo Tapio YLÄSAARI
Ilkka Kai Juhani Vuorilehto
Olof Berndt Wilhelm FORSÈN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO1993024412A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993024412A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F1/46114—Electrodes in particulate form or with conductive and/or non conductive particles between them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/20—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
    • C02F1/4676—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electroreduction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/46115—Electrolytic cell with membranes or diaphragms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrochemical process and an apparatus for a deoxygenation of water or aqueous solutions.
  • Oxygen dissolved in water and aqueous solutions causes corrosion in several technical systems, such as conventional power plants and nuclear power plants, heating, plumbing and air conditioning tech ⁇ niques as well as in cooling and heating systems. For this reason, dissolved oxygen has to be removed from water as accurately as possible. In the manufacture of soft drinks, for instance, the aim is to minimize the presence of oxygen.
  • a condition of physical deoxygenation is that the solubility equilibrium will be disturbed.
  • a gas mixture in which the partial pressure of the oxygen to be removed is much lower than the equilibrium pressure.
  • the solution-gas system begins to move towards a new equilibrium state, i.e. the oxygen flows from the aqueous solution into a gas phase.
  • a gas phase is generally used water vapour.
  • Physical deoxidizing processes are degasification under over ⁇ pressure and degasification in vacuum. By means of these processes also other gases dissolved in water can be removed.
  • Degasification under overpressure In a degasification under overpressure, i.e. in a thermal degasification, the water is made to boil, whereby the escaping vapour takes along the gases.
  • Degasification under overpressure requires a tempera- ture of at least 102 °C and a corresponding pressure of saturated vapour.
  • the water is made to boil under a pressure lower than the normal atmo- spheric pressure by reducing the pressure e.g. by means of a vacuum water pump and by heating the water to a boiling point corresponding to said pressure.
  • hydra- zine NH 2 -NH 2 . It is a colourless liquid fuming in the air and mixing with water under all circumstances.
  • the aqueous solution is basic and corrosive. Hydra- zine has been classified as a carcinogen and a toxin of Class II.
  • Sodium sulphite is also a very usual deoxidiz ⁇ ing chemical. It is a solid salt dissolving well in water. The aqueous solution is basic.
  • deoxidizing chemicals are e.g. erythorbic acid and tannins, (see: Korroosiokasikirja, pages 295 to 299).
  • Electrochemical removal of oxygen dissolved in water and apparatuses for this deoxygenation are de ⁇ scribed in some patent specifications and applica ⁇ tions (see e.g. Norwegian Published Specifications 159 847 and 165 068, U.S. Patent 4 830 721 and USSR Patent 966 026).
  • oxygenous water flows through a net or a perforated or designed metal plate acting as a cath ⁇ ode and is reduced or reacts with the hydrogen gener ⁇ ated on the cathode.
  • USSR Patent 966 926 discloses a process for deoxygenation of water in a cathode chamber of a cell by utilizing an insoluble electrode, whereby the cathode is an activated carbon dust cathode provided with a catalyst for ionization of oxygen.
  • the object of the present invention is to avoid the drawbacks presented above and to provide a pro- cess and an apparatus by means of which a substanti- ally complete deoxygenation of water or aqueous solu ⁇ tions is easy to perform in practice.
  • An essential feature of the process and appa ⁇ ratus of the invention is a threedimensional cathode, which cathode has a very large surface, consists of a packed bed and is manufactured of a mechanically dur ⁇ able material.
  • the invention thus relates to an electrochemi ⁇ cal process for a deoxygenation of water or aqueous solutions, which process is characterized in that the oxygen dissolved in water or an aqueous solution is removed electrochemically in a threedimensional elec ⁇ trically conductive cathode particle bed of a cell, the cell voltage of which is 1.9 to 2.0 volts, which bed consists of mechanically wear-resistant parti ⁇ cles, which are smaller than 5 mm, preferably about 0.2 to 1.2 mm, and which are metal particles or met ⁇ al, ceramic or polymeric particles coated with a suf ⁇ ficiently thick metal layer, through which bed the water or the aqueous solution to be treated is led and which bed is separated by means of an ion-ex ⁇ change membrane from all anode chambers provided with insoluble anodes.
  • the particle bed can consist of particles manu- factured of a metal or a metal alloy or of particles in which a suitable core is entirely coated with a sufficiently thick layer of a metal or a metal alloy.
  • the most suitable metal for the particles of the bed is copper. Metal alloys, such as copper alloys and silver bronze, are conceivable.
  • the coating metal of the particles of the bed could be for instance sil ⁇ ver.
  • the particle core to be coated could be a glass, polymeric, ceramic or metal particle or bead, for instance.
  • the particle bed consists each time of par- tides of a rather identical size. The size of the particles may vary. With a decreasing particle size the surface area of the cathode increases, which in ⁇ tensifies the deoxygenation at the same time.
  • the particle size is suitably smaller than 5 mm, prefer ⁇ ably about 0.2 to 1.2 mm.
  • the particles form a bed filling the cathode chamber substantially entirely in a di ⁇ rection perpendicular to the water flow direction and a large part of the cathode chamber or preferably substantially the entire cathode chamber in the water flow direction.
  • the surface area of the particle bed is suitab ⁇ ly over 5 m 2 /100 cm 3 of packed bed measured by BET method.
  • An especially suitable surface area of the particle bed is about 35 m 2 /100 cm 3 of packed bed.
  • the cathode chamber is separated by means of an ion-exchange membrane from the anode chambers, which may be one or several in number.
  • a suitable membrane is for instance a Nafion-417 cation-exchange mem ⁇ brane.
  • an insoluble anode As an anode is used an insoluble anode.
  • a suit ⁇ able anode material is for instance a titan plate coated with an iridium-based oxide.
  • the cell voltage is 1.5 to 2.5 volts, preferab ⁇ ly 1.9 to 2.0 volts.
  • the flow rate of water may vary.
  • a suitable flow is about (2 cm 3 /s)/(100 cm 3 of packed bed).
  • the water or the aqueous solution to be treated may be led through several successive and/or parallel cells, if needed.
  • the oxygen content in the water treated by the electrochemical process according to the invention is less than 3 ⁇ g/kg water only.
  • advantages of the present invention are efficient deoxygenation and low power consumption.
  • it is also preferable to avoid using toxic deoxidizing chemicals.
  • an advantage is the very large surface area of the cathode. This compells almost each oxygen molecule to impact against the cathode and to be reduced.
  • An additional advantage is the mechanical dura ⁇ bility of a cathode with a large surface area; the bed used as a cathode material in the present inven ⁇ tion, manufactured of metal particles or particles coated with metal, endures mechanically much better than active carbon the water flow and various pheno ⁇ mena associated with the water flow, such as turbu ⁇ lences and vibrations. However, the flow resistance of the particle bed is not remarkable.
  • An apparatus by means of which an electrochemical deoxygenation of water or aqueous solutions is performed, comprising a flow-through cell divided by means of an ion-exchange membrane into one or several anode chambers provided with a degassing orifice and insoluble anodes and into one cathode chamber filled substantially entire ⁇ ly with a particle bed in a direction perpendicular to the water flow direction and in large part or pre ⁇ ferably substantially entirely in the water flow di ⁇ rection, and a filter screen in front of an output of the cathode chamber to prevent an outflow of bed ma ⁇ terial, is characterized in that the cathode chamber extends in the flow direction of the flow-through cell further than the anode chambers and is filled with an electrically conductive cathode particle bed, which consists of mechanically wear-resistant parti- cles, which are smaller than 5 mm, preferably about 0.2 to 1.2 mm, and which are metal particles or met ⁇ al, ceramic or polymeric
  • the cathode particle bed usable in this appara ⁇ tus, the ion-exchange membrane for separating the bed from the anode chambers and the anodes have been de ⁇ scribed above in connection with the process accord ⁇ ing to the invention.
  • the invention will be explained in the follow ⁇ ing in more detail with reference to the attached drawing, in which a figure shows schematically one preferred embodiment of the apparatus.
  • a pre- ferred embodiment of the apparatus comprises a flow- through cell 1 divided by means of an ion-exchange membrane 2 and 3 into two anode chambers 5 provided with a degassing orifice 4 and insoluble anodes 6 and into one cathode chamber 7 filled substantially en- tirely with a particle bed 8 in a direction perpendi ⁇ cular to the water flow direction and in large part or preferably substantially entirely in the water flow direction.
  • the cathode chamber extends in the flow-through di- rection of the cell further than the anode chambers to guarantee that the oxygen seeping from the anode chamber through the membrane into the cathode chamber will be finally removed.
  • a filter screen 10 pre- venting an outflow of bed material.
  • Example 1 The cathode and anode materials as well as the ion-exchange membranes have been discussed in connec ⁇ tion with the description of the process already earlier. The following examples describe the invention more specificly.
  • Example 1 The cathode and anode materials as well as the ion-exchange membranes have been discussed in connec ⁇ tion with the description of the process already earlier. The following examples describe the invention more specificly.
  • a deoxygenation on a laboratory scale was per ⁇ formed as follows.
  • a flow-through cell of acrylic resin was con ⁇ structed for experiments. The cell was divided by means of a membrane into a cathode chamber and two anode chambers in such a way that water was flowing only through the cathode chamber.
  • the volume of the cathode used was 100 cm 3 of packed bed, which consisted of copper granules of 0.2 to 1.2 mm (Outokumpu Oy).
  • the total surface area of the copper granules was about 35 m 2 .
  • the bed was very compact. The pressure loss was nevertheless only 0.02 bar.
  • anode As an anode were used two titan plates of 70 cm 2 coated with an iridium-based oxide. The anodes were placed in two separate anode chambers at a distance of 0.5 cm from the cathode. A Nafion-417 cation-exchange membrane was used for the separation of the cathode and anode chambers. In addition to the cations, also hydroxyl ions were capable of penetrating said membrane.
  • the cell was filled with water in such a way that no air was left therein.
  • the oxygen content in the oxygen-saturated water entering the cell was about 8500 ⁇ g/kg water.
  • the oxygen-saturated water was manufactured by mixing distilled water in an open vessel. To improve the electrical conductivity, 0.05 M of Na 2 S0 4 was added to the water.
  • the limit of observation was 3 ⁇ g/kg, and at the measure ⁇ ment of hydrogen peroxide, the limit of observation was 100 ⁇ g/kg.
  • the copper content in the water flown through the cell was also measured. It did not exceed the limit of observation 100 ⁇ g/kg in any experiment.
  • the cell removes over 99.95 % of the oxygen dissolved in the water.
  • the amount of hydrogen peroxide generated is negli ⁇ gible. At low voltages, a generation of hydrogen is also rather insignificant. At too low voltages, the oxidation of copper will be a problem.
  • a suitable operating voltage is 1.9 to 2.0 volts.
  • Example 2 The experiment of Example 1 was repeated, but a slightly coarser bed was used for forming the cath ⁇ ode, which bed consisted of copper wire cut to pieces (length 2 to 5 mm and diameter 0.5 mm; Outokumpu Oy). The total surface area of the copper particles was about 5 m 2 . The following results were obtained:
  • Example 1 The cell described in Example 1 was used also in long-term experiments. During four days, oxygen- saturated water was brought into the cell (about 8300 ⁇ g oxygen/kg water) . The oxygen content in the water flowing out of the cell continued to be less than 3 ⁇ g/kg. The cell voltage was 2.0 volts.
  • Example 2 The experiment of Example 1 was repeated, but carbon in the form of crushed graphite was used for forming the cathode bed, the particle size of which carbon was 1 to 2 mm (ElectroCell AB) . The following results were obtained:
  • Electrochemical deoxygenation can best be ap ⁇ plied to heating, plumbing and air conditioning tech ⁇ niques and to district heating networks. Other appli- cations are water circulations of the industry and power plants and the manufacture of soft drinks.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
  • Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé électrochimique et un appareil pour désoxygéner l'eau ou des solutions aqueuses. Dans ce processus électrochimique, l'oxygène dissous dans l'eau ou dans une solution aqueuse est éliminé par voie électrochimique dans un lit de particules d'une cellule constituant une cathode tridimensionnelle électroconductrice. Ce lit est constitué de particules résistantes à l'usure mécanique ayant une granulométrie inférieure à 5 mm. Il s'agit de particules de métal ou de particules de métal, de céramique ou de polymère enrobées d'une couche de métal suffisamment épaisse. L'eau ou la solution aqueuse à traiter circule à travers le lit en question. L'appareil permettant d'effectuer la désoxygénation électrochimique de l'eau ou de solutions aqueuses comprend une cellule à circulation (1) divisée en une ou plusieurs chambres anodiques (5) et en une chambre cathodique (7) remplie d'un lit de particules (8). La chambre cathodique s'étend dans la direction d'écoulement de la cellule à circulation au-delà des chambres anodiques et elle est remplie d'un lit de particules cathodiques conductrices d'électricité. Ces particules sont résistantes à l'usure mécanique et elles ont une granulométrie inférieure à 5 mm. Ce sont des particules de métal ou de métal, de céramique ou polymère enrobées d'une couche métallique suffisamment épaisse.
PCT/FI1993/000229 1992-05-29 1993-05-27 Procede electrochimique et appareil pour desoxygener l'eau ou des solutions aqueuses Ceased WO1993024412A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI922485A FI922485A7 (fi) 1992-05-29 1992-05-29 Elektrokemiskt foerfarande och anordning foer avlaegsnande av syre ur vatten eller vattenloesningar
FI922485 1992-05-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993024412A1 true WO1993024412A1 (fr) 1993-12-09

Family

ID=8535379

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1993/000229 Ceased WO1993024412A1 (fr) 1992-05-29 1993-05-27 Procede electrochimique et appareil pour desoxygener l'eau ou des solutions aqueuses

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU4072293A (fr)
FI (1) FI922485A7 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993024412A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998031635A1 (fr) * 1997-01-21 1998-07-23 Elf Exploration Production Procede electrocatalytique de desoxygenation de l'eau de mer et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre
WO2000064816A1 (fr) * 1999-04-27 2000-11-02 Fortum Power And Heat Oy Appareil et procede de desoxygenation d'eau
US6866754B2 (en) * 1999-11-24 2005-03-15 Enpar Technologies Inc. Electrochemical cover for inhibiting diffusion/infiltration of oxygen into reactive sulphide materials
KR100656864B1 (ko) 2004-03-26 2006-12-13 유나이티드 테크놀로지스 코포레이션 전기 화학적 연료 탈산화 시스템
DE102004026447B4 (de) * 2004-05-29 2009-09-10 Verein für Kernverfahrenstechnik und Analytik Rossendorf e.V. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abtrennung von Sulfationen aus Wässern und zur Einbringung von Pufferkapazität in Wässer
CN109731905A (zh) * 2019-03-01 2019-05-10 长江水利委员会长江科学院 一种自主可控土壤或底泥污染物电动酸化解离装置及方法
US20230349059A1 (en) * 2020-08-24 2023-11-02 Covestro Deutschland Ag Apparatus and method for performing electrolysis

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1194181A (en) * 1966-05-24 1970-06-10 Nat Res Dev Improvements relating to Electrode Arrangements for Electrochemical Cells.
US3764499A (en) * 1970-11-26 1973-10-09 K Okubo Process for removal of contaminants from wastes
EP0145833A2 (fr) * 1983-11-15 1985-06-26 Vereinigte Elektrizitätswerke Westfalen AG Dispositif pour éliminer l'oxygène de l'eau par voie électrochimique
EP0276789A2 (fr) * 1987-01-26 1988-08-03 S.E.R.E. S.r.l. Désoxygénation électrochimique pour la protection des eaux désionisées contre la corrosion
NO159847B (no) * 1985-07-03 1988-11-07 Norsk Energi Anordning for fjerning av oksygen i stroemmende vann.
DE3838181A1 (de) * 1988-11-10 1990-05-23 Linde Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur entfernung von stickstoffverbindungen aus waessrigen loesungen

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1194181A (en) * 1966-05-24 1970-06-10 Nat Res Dev Improvements relating to Electrode Arrangements for Electrochemical Cells.
US3764499A (en) * 1970-11-26 1973-10-09 K Okubo Process for removal of contaminants from wastes
EP0145833A2 (fr) * 1983-11-15 1985-06-26 Vereinigte Elektrizitätswerke Westfalen AG Dispositif pour éliminer l'oxygène de l'eau par voie électrochimique
NO159847B (no) * 1985-07-03 1988-11-07 Norsk Energi Anordning for fjerning av oksygen i stroemmende vann.
EP0276789A2 (fr) * 1987-01-26 1988-08-03 S.E.R.E. S.r.l. Désoxygénation électrochimique pour la protection des eaux désionisées contre la corrosion
DE3838181A1 (de) * 1988-11-10 1990-05-23 Linde Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur entfernung von stickstoffverbindungen aus waessrigen loesungen

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998031635A1 (fr) * 1997-01-21 1998-07-23 Elf Exploration Production Procede electrocatalytique de desoxygenation de l'eau de mer et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre
FR2758546A1 (fr) * 1997-01-21 1998-07-24 Elf Aquitaine Procede electrocatalytique de desoxygenation de l'eau de mer et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre
US6126811A (en) * 1997-01-21 2000-10-03 Elf Exploration Production Electrocatalytic method for the deoxygenation of sea water and device for its implementation
WO2000064816A1 (fr) * 1999-04-27 2000-11-02 Fortum Power And Heat Oy Appareil et procede de desoxygenation d'eau
US6866754B2 (en) * 1999-11-24 2005-03-15 Enpar Technologies Inc. Electrochemical cover for inhibiting diffusion/infiltration of oxygen into reactive sulphide materials
KR100656864B1 (ko) 2004-03-26 2006-12-13 유나이티드 테크놀로지스 코포레이션 전기 화학적 연료 탈산화 시스템
DE102004026447B4 (de) * 2004-05-29 2009-09-10 Verein für Kernverfahrenstechnik und Analytik Rossendorf e.V. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abtrennung von Sulfationen aus Wässern und zur Einbringung von Pufferkapazität in Wässer
CN109731905A (zh) * 2019-03-01 2019-05-10 长江水利委员会长江科学院 一种自主可控土壤或底泥污染物电动酸化解离装置及方法
CN109731905B (zh) * 2019-03-01 2024-06-11 长江水利委员会长江科学院 一种自主可控土壤或底泥污染物电动酸化解离装置及方法
US20230349059A1 (en) * 2020-08-24 2023-11-02 Covestro Deutschland Ag Apparatus and method for performing electrolysis

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI922485A7 (fi) 1993-11-30
AU4072293A (en) 1993-12-30
FI922485A0 (fi) 1992-05-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5425858A (en) Method and apparatus for capacitive deionization, electrochemical purification, and regeneration of electrodes
US6309532B1 (en) Method and apparatus for capacitive deionization and electrochemical purification and regeneration of electrodes
EP0276789B1 (fr) Désoxygénation électrochimique pour la protection des eaux désionisées contre la corrosion
AU2014298623B2 (en) Electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water
EP1540041B1 (fr) Structure d'une electrode destinee a etre utilisee dans une cellule electrolytique
JP5192109B2 (ja) 電解分解用セル及び電気分解用装置
US4544462A (en) Process for removing metal surface oxide
EP0597460A1 (fr) Méthode de traitement d'un liquide usé contenant de l'hydroxyde d'ammonium quaternaire organique
WO1993024412A1 (fr) Procede electrochimique et appareil pour desoxygener l'eau ou des solutions aqueuses
Trivedi et al. Studies on bipolar membranes
US3192143A (en) Electrodialytic demineralization of water
CA2184309A1 (fr) Procede d'epuration de gaz
Brown et al. Behaviour of couples of aluminium and plastics reinforced with carbon fibre in aqueous salt solutions
Demkin et al. Cleaning low mineral water by electrodialysis
Singh et al. Corrosion Behavior of Nickel in Methanol
JPS63118084A (ja) 塩素酸塩電解槽からの次亜塩素酸塩の電気化学的除去法
CA1287598C (fr) Procede electrolytique de production de resines anioniques donnant de tres faibles concentrations de chlorures
US3474014A (en) Electrogravitational desalination of saline water
CA1335930C (fr) Methode pour la prevention de la corrosion du materiel utilise dans le traitement de la soude caustique
FI100520B (fi) Elektrodi ja laite sähkökemiallisten reaktioiden aikaansaamiseksi
WO2000064816A1 (fr) Appareil et procede de desoxygenation d'eau
CN1872714B (zh) 液态电极发生铝离子用于水处理工程的方法
US4690739A (en) Electrolytic process for producing extremely low chloride anion exchange resins
Wang et al. Study on the Influence of Key Process Parameters of Electro‐Deionization on Nickel Ion Removal Efficiency from Coating Wastewater
Sucre Electrochemical oxidation of phenol for waste water treatment

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT AU BB BG BR BY CA CH CZ DE DK ES FI GB HU JP KP KR KZ LK LU MG MN MW NL NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SK UA US VN

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN ML MR NE SN TD TG

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: CA