WO1993017072A1 - Use of ethers and/or esters of di(hydroxyalkyl)sulphones as processing additives for thermoplastic synthetic materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject matter is the use of ethers and/or esters of di(hydroxyalkyl) sulphones, which are alkoxylated if necessary, as processing additives for thermoplastic synthetic materials, an improved method of processing thermoplastic synthetic materials, and thermoplastic materials containing the ethers and/or esters of said sulphones.

Description

"Use of ethers and / or esters of di (hydroxyalkyl) sulfones as processing aids for thermoplastics"

The present invention relates to the use of ethers and / or esters of di (hydroxyalkyl) sulfones as processing aids for thermoplastics.

In the processing of thermoplastics, processing aids are necessary in order to promote the melting process and the formation of a homogeneous flowable mass and to facilitate the flow of the melt by reducing the internal friction. This can be achieved by adding lubricants, which are added to the plastic before the shaping process. On the other hand, it is important in plastic processing to reduce the sticking of the plastic melt to hot surfaces of the machine parts or to the walls of the molding tools. For this purpose, mold release agents which, after their incorporation into the plastic, migrate from the plastic to the surface owing to their limited compatibility and thus reduce the adhesive. The term “mold release agent” is used here and below synonymously for the term “external lubricant” which is particularly common in the PVC field.

Whether an additive acts as a lubricant or mold release agent depends on many factors, such as its structure and the type of plastic, the slide effect and mold release effect coexisting in many cases. As a rule, metal soaps and fatty acid esters are used as lubricants for non-polar plastics such as polyethylenes and polypropylenes and fatty acid amides used. Polar plastics such as polyesters, polycarbonates, polyamides, _PVC. Polystyrene and ABS usually need both lubricants and mold release agents. Suitable mold release agents are fatty acid amides, metal soaps, polyethylene waxes, fatty acid esters or the mostly externally applied silicone oil. Suitable lubricants for polar plastics classified according to chemical classes are listed in Ull ann's Ecyclopedia of Technical Chemistry, 4th revised and expanded edition, Volume 15, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1978, pages 568-569 and in Gächter / Müller, Plastic Additives, 3rd ed., C. Hanser Verlag, 1990, pp. 443 - 505.

In particular, the mold release agents customary hitherto, which are mainly important in the processing of thermoplastics by the injection molding process, have a disadvantage. In the injection molding process, hot plastic melts are pressed into a metal mold in which they cool until they can be ejected with little pressure. A long cooling phase had to be accepted with the mold release agents previously used. For example, the mold release agents only fully developed their release effect at low demolding temperatures. From an economic point of view, mold release agents are therefore required that have a separating effect even at high temperatures and enable the ejection of molded parts with low ejector pressure. The lubricants known from the prior art should also be improved in their formation of a homogeneous, flowable mass, so that even complicated structures made of thermoplastic plastics, especially of polyamides, polyolefins and polystyrene and copolymers (e.g. ABS, ASA) can be manufactured. In addition, these processing aids should under no circumstances impair the color or the shape behavior of the plastic during processing of the plastic, and should not be volatile and thermally stable. The object of the present invention was to provide processing aids which meet these requirements. For the purposes of the invention, the term processing aid is defined as an agent which acts as a lubricant and / or mold release agent.

Surprisingly, the requirements placed on the processing aids can be met by ethers and / or esters of di (hydroxyalkyl) sulfones.

Accordingly, the present invention relates to the use of ethers and / or esters of di (hydroxyalkyl) sulfones of the general formula (I)

in which R *, R ^ can be the same or different and

Can mean hydrogen, an optionally β-hydroxy-substituted alkyl radical with 6 to 50 C atoms and / or an acyl radical with 6 to 50 C atoms, provided that at most one of the radicals R 1, R 2 is hydrogen,

X, Y may be the same or different and represent an alkylene radical having 1 to 50 carbon atoms

R7, R8 may be the same or different and

Hydrogen and / or a methyl radical mean p, q is 0 or a number in the range from 1 to 25 as processing aids for thermoplastics.

Ethers and esters of di (hydroxyalkyl) sulfones and sulfoxides are known compounds. Thus, according to German published patent application DE-A-39 36 862, the mono- and / or diesters of thiodiglycol sulfones are particularly suitable, if necessary in a mixture with solvents, dispersing aids, emulsifiers and / or stabilizers, and a soft, dry textile fabric To give a grip. In Japanese published patent application JP-A-77/99387, di (hydroxylalkyl) sulfones and sulfoxides, etherified with alkanols with 1 to 8 C atoms or esterified with carboxylic acids with 2 to 9 C atoms, are described as text solvents Oil pastes are given to improve stability and printability. Finally, according to British Patent GB 996904, thioglycol esters, especially of acetic and / or propionic acid, can improve the shrinking and the creasing resistance of cellulose.

From these documents, however, no reference can be made to the fact that ethers and / or esters of di (hydroxyalkyl) sulfones increase the flowability of thermoplastic plastics or reduce the sticking of the plastic melt.

The ethers and / or esters of di (hydroxyalkyl) sulfones used in the context of the invention, hereinafter briefly referred to as ethers and / or esters of the sulfones, are of the etherification or esterification or ring opening methods known per se accessible from α-olefin epoxide compounds. The sulfides of the general structure (II) on which the sulfones are based are expediently

reacted with the corresponding alkanols, carboxylic acids, α-olefin epoxide compounds and / or their alkoxylation products and then the ethers or esters of the di (hydroxylalkyl) sulfides are oxidized to the sulfones using known oxidizing agents in a manner known per se, for example using hydrogen peroxide in glacial acetic acid. More detailed information on the production of these sulfones can be found in German Offenlegungsschrift DE-A-39 36 862. Suitable di (hydroxyalkyl) sulfides that are oxidized to the sulfones are, for example, di (hydroxyoctyl) sulfide, di (hydroxyhexyl) sulfide, di (hydroxypentyl) sulfide, di (hydroxyisopropyl) sulfide, di (hydroxyisobutyl) sulfide and especially the commercially available thiodiglycol. Accordingly, in the context of the invention, preference is given to using ethers and / or esters of sulfones of the general formula I in which X and Y represent a straight-chain and / or branched, aliphatic alkylene group and in particular a methylene group.

According to a first embodiment of the present invention, ethers and / or esters of sulfones of the general formula I are used, in which p and q are equal to zero, that is to say they have no ethylene and / or propylene oxide units. To produce these non-alkoxylated ethers of the sulfones, the sulfides described above are reacted with alkanols with 6 to 50 C atoms or α-olefin epoxy compounds with 6 to 30 C atoms, preferably with 8 to 22 C atoms. In the case of α-olefin epoxides, sulfones of the general formula (I) are formed under ring opening, in which R 1 and / or R 4 denotes a β-hydroxy-substituted alkyl radical. This ring opening generally takes place in a manner known per se in the presence of an acidic catalyst, such as sulfonic acids and mineral acids, or in the presence of a basic catalyst, such as alkali hydroxide and / or alkali methoxylate, the catalyst in amounts of 0.01 to 5 % By weight, based on the reaction mixture, is present. More detailed information on this reaction procedure can also be found in German Offenlegungsschriften DE-A-3936862 and DE-A-4038608.

Preferred alkanols are those having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, such as caprylic, pelargon, capric, lauryl, myristyl, palmityl, stearyl, linoleic, linolenic and / or behenyl alcohol. The etherification expediently takes place in the presence of acidic catalysts such as sulfonic acids or mineral acids, which are present in amounts of 0.01 to 5% by weight, based on the reaction mixture. The etherification is advantageously carried out at temperatures in the range from 120 to 240 ° C. with constant removal of water of reaction formed.

In the general formula (I), R * and / or R ^ can also mean a saturated and / or unsaturated acyl radical having 6 to 50 C atoms, preferably having 8 to 22 C atoms. To prepare these compounds, monocarboxylic acids and / or carboxylic acid derivatives, such as anhydrides, acid chlorides and / or esters of short-chain alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, are esterified under customary esterification conditions, for example according to Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Vol. 11, 4. revised edition, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1976, pages 91-93. As a rule, the reactants are reacted with one another in the presence of esterification catalysts such as tin compounds or tin grinding at temperatures of 160 to 260 ° C. with elimination of fiber. If desired, it can be wet be distilled off azeotropically, for which purpose it is necessary to add an organic solvent which forms an azeotrope with water.

Suitable monocarboxylic acids from which R ¹ and R ^ are derived are aliphatic saturated and / or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids such as caproic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, eurucic acid, Lignoceric acid, cerotic acid and melissic acid and mixtures of these acids as can be obtained from natural fats and oils. Also suitable as monocarboxylic acids are montanic acids and carboxylic acids, which are obtainable by oxidation of high-molecular alcohols such as the UNILIN ^R alcohols from the Petrolite Specialty Polymers Group. Likewise suitable are branched carboxylic acids which are accessible by oxidation of the α-branched primary alcohols obtained by the Guerbet process. Examples of these α-branched carboxylic acids are 2-n-butyl-n-octanoic acid, 2-n-heptyl-n-undecanoic acid, 2-n-octyl-n-dodecanoic acid, 2-n-dodecyl-n-he- xadecanoic acid and 2-n-hexadecyl-n-eicosanoic acid.

For the purposes of the invention, particular preference is given to sulfones in which both R.sup.1 and R.sup.1 signify an optionally β-hydroxy-substituted alkyl radical with 8 to 22 carbon atoms and / or an acyl radical with 8 to 22 carbon atoms. Although sulfones with a terminally free hydroxyl group also have an effect (R ¹ or R ^ = hydrogen) in the sense of the invention, they are less preferred because of their chemical reactivity.

For the purposes of the invention, sulfones of the general formula I in which R and R 2 are an acyl radical are very particularly preferably used, and these are preferably derived from saturated and / or unsaturated, preferably saturated fatty acids having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably with 12 to 22 carbon atoms and in particular of lauric, myristic, palitic, stearic and / or behenic acid. Practically completely etherified or esterified sulfones can be obtained if at least equimolar amounts of hydroxyl groups, for example the thiodiglycol, to monocarboxylic acids, alkanols and / or - olefin epoxide are set, preferably with a slight excess of 1 to 20 mol%, based on the molar amount on hydroxyl groups - worked.

In a second embodiment of the present invention, alkoxylated ethers and / or esters of sulfones can also be used. For these cases, p and q in the general formula (I) denote a number in the range from 1 to 25, preferably 1 to 15, which may be a whole or broken number, which is the molar amount of alkoxide used corresponds. Such alkoxylated ethers and / or esters are expediently prepared analogously to the non-alkoxylated sulfones. In the production of these alkoxylated sulfones which carry ethylene and / or propylene oxide units, it is possible to start from alkoxylated alcohols, ring-opened epoxides or carboxylic acids and from alkoxylation products of the di (hydroxyalkyl) sulfides of the general structure (II) going out. In the preparation of the ethers of the sulfones, alkoxylated di (hydroxyalkyl) sulfides are preferably reacted with non-alkoxylated alcohols or olefin epoxides of the type described and then oxidized. In the case of the esters of the sulfones, the carboxylic acids already described are preferably alkoxylated and then esterified with the di (hydroxyalkyl) sulfides of the general structure (II) before the oxidation takes place.

The alkoxylation itself takes place under the usual conditions. Within the alkoxylated sulfones, exactly the same are preferred as for the non-alkoxylated ones.

Regardless of whether alkoxylated or non-alkoxylated ethers and / or esters of the sulfones are used, the sulfones can be mixed with sulfoxides. As is known to those skilled in the art, the Oxidation of sulfides, depending on the reaction conditions, to mixtures of sulfides, sulfoxides and sulfones, which likewise belong to the scope of the present invention. For use as processing aids, it is advantageous to choose the reaction conditions so that ethers and / or esters of the sulfones are present in at least 50 to 99.99% by weight and the ethers and / or esters of sulfoxides in amounts of 0. 01 to 50 wt .-% are present in a mixture. However, very pure ethers and / or esters of sulfones, and in particular esters of sulfones based on thiodiglycol, are very particularly preferred.

The ethers and / or esters of sulfones which are not alkoxylated, that is to say those of the general formula (I) in which p and q are zero, are very particularly preferred. The particularly suitable non-ethoxylated ethers and / or esters of the sulfones have already been listed.

The practical use of the esters and / or ethers of the sulfones is carried out, if appropriate, in a mixture with sulfoxides, in such a way that they are added to the thermoplastics to be processed in amounts of 0.01 to 10, preferably 0.05 to 5 and in particular 0.1 to 3 per hundred resins (phr) are added to the thermoplastics. They are expediently added to the melt obtained in the production of the thermoplastic or applied to the plastic granules or powder at elevated temperatures. For homogeneous mixing, it is advisable to extrude the ethers and / or esters of the sulfones with the thermoplastic plastic together at temperatures between 140 ° C. to 300 ° C., that is to say in the plastic melt, and to extrude them with ether and / or esters of the sulfones mixed plastic to granulate. If appropriate, the granules are dried at elevated temperatures in order to remove the residual water. The ethers and / or esters of the sulfones can be added to all pure and modified thermoplastic plastics and their mixtures, be they polymers, polycondensates or polyaddition products. They are preferably suitable for processing polyamides, polyesters, polycarbonates, polystyrenes and copolymers, polypropylene and polyethylene and mixtures thereof. The thermoplastic materials can of course be modified, such as the impact-modified polypropylene modified with rubber, filled with fillers, stabilized or pigmented. For the purposes of the invention, they are preferably used for thermoplastic materials which are shaped by means of extrusion, pressing, rolling, calendering, blow molding, foaming and injection molding, preferably by injection molding. As mold release agents, the esters and / or ethers of the sulfones show particularly good effects in polar plastics such as polyamide, polyester, polycarbonate, polystyrene and copolymers and mixtures thereof. The separating effect is then excellent with these plastics and, above all, is present even at high temperatures. In addition, the esters and / or ethers of the sulfones also act as lubricants, which ensures a smooth, rapid flow of the. The plastic melt is reached. Particularly well they act as a lubricant in polyamide, polystyrene and copolymers of polypropylene and polyethylene, which makes it possible also to produce complex molded parts _f.

Ultimately, the esters and / or ethers of the sulfones are compatible with other lubricants, stabilizers, pigments and fillers, so that they can be added to the thermoplastic materials using known conventional additives.

Another object of the present invention is a method for improving the processing of thermoplastic materials, characterized in that the thermoplastic materials before they are processed. Processing ether and / or esters of di (hydroxyalkyl) sulfones of the general formula (I) can be added.

Ultimately, another object of the present invention are molded parts based on thermoplastic materials, characterized in that they contain ethers and / or esters of di (hydroxyalkyl) sulfones of the general formula (I).

B e i s p i e l e

I) Preparation of the sulfone esters

example 1

852 g (3 mol) of technical stearic acid (SZ = 197), 183 g (1.5 mol) of thiodiglycol and 8.5 g of tin grinding were heated to 200 ° C. while introducing nitrogen. After 12 hours, the reaction was stopped at an acid number (SZ) of 4.3 according to DIN 53402, cooled to 100 ° C. and suction filtered through Celite. The thiodiglycol distearate obtained had a hydroxyl number (0HZ) according to DIN 53240 of 4.4 and a saponification number (VZ) according to DIN 53401 of 174.

519 g (0.8 mol) of the thiodiglycol distearate was mixed dropwise with 200 ml of concentrated acetic acid (99.8% by weight) at 80 to 90 ° C. with 92.5 g of 70% by weight hydrogen peroxide. After a reaction of 4 hours at 80 to 100 ° C, 500 ml of butyl acetate were added and washed free of peroxide with boiling water. 538 g of product with a VZ = 175 were obtained.

Example 2

Analogously to Example 1, 1308 g (3.8 mol) behenic acid, 234 g (1.9 mol)

Thiodiglycol and 13 g of tin cut.

1366 g of thiodiglycol dibehenate with a VZ = 148 were obtained. 443 g of thiodiglycol dibehenate were added dropwise at 90 to 98 ° C. with 117 g of 35% strength by weight hydrogen peroxide. After four hours of reaction at the specified temperature, the mixture was washed free of peroxide with boiling water and dried in vacuo. 351 g of product were obtained with a VZ = 144, sulfur found = 4.0% Application examples

Incorporation of additives into the plastic

Esters of the sulfones with melting points below 80 ° C were applied to the plastic granules in the Henschel fluid mixer at approx. 80 ° C / 1000 min. Ester of the sulfones with melting points above 80 ° C were distributed by shaking in a polyethylene bag. The homogeneous incorporation of the sulfone esters into the plastic was carried out in a Collin twin-screw extruder (type 235, 50x15 D) at temperatures from 190 to 265 ° C. The homogeneous mass was cooled in an integrated water bath and pelletized using a round strand pelletizer. The granules were then dried. Table 1 shows the extrusion and drying conditions of the plastics with the incorporated esters of the sulfones. The amount is parts by weight which have been added to 100 parts by weight of thermoplastic. The plastics are:

PA = polyamide 66, unreinforced extrusion type (monofilament), low melt viscosity; Melt-volu e-index of 150 cm ^3/10 min at 275 ° C / 5 kg; available as Ultramid ^R A 3 natural from BASF AG

PBT = polybutylene terephthalate, unmodified, with a melt flow index of 34 g / 10 min at 250 ° C / 21.2 kg; Vicat softening temperature (DIN 53460) 180 ° C; available as Vestodur ^R 1000 from Hüls AG

PP = polypropylene, completely stabilized, lubricant-free with a melt flow index of 5 g / 10 min at 230 ° C / 2.16 kg and a Vicat softening temperature of 148 ° C; available as Hostalen ^R PPT 1070 from Hoechst AG

PE = polyethylene with a density of 0.923 g / cm ³ (DIN 53479) and a melt flow index of 2 to 3 g / 10 min (DIN 53735) at 190 ° C / 2.16 kg; Crystallite melting point 115 ° C (DTA); available as Flamul t ^R PEJ 06 natur from Herberts GmbH

ABS =. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, gleitmittelfrei with ei¬ nem melt volume index of 2 cm ^3/10 min. at 220 ° C / 10 kg and a Vicat softening temperature VST / B / 120 of 115 ° C; obtained as Novodur ^R P 3 T from Bayer AG

PC = polycarbonate, medium-viscosity injection molding, release agent-free, with a density of 1.2 kg / cm ³ (DIN 53497) available as Xantar P 24 from DSM, the Netherlands

Table 1: Extrusion and drying conditions

Release agent test on PA (examples A and B)

The release agent properties were determined using the Mannesmann Demag injection molding machine, model D-60 NC II, and a special demoulding tool (demoulding sleeve). The oil pressure building up in the ejector system when the injection-molded sleeve was removed from the mold was evaluated as a measure of the separating action of the esters of the sulfones (registration of ejector pressure, core temperature during removal from the mold and metering time). A mold was injected with the dimensions: mold 35 x 35 x 3.5 (top) / 2.0 (bottom) height x inner diameter x wall thickness, sprues

Cylinder equipment: open nozzle, screw diameter = 28 m,

Cylinder temperatures: 250, 260, 265 ° C

Nozzle temperature: 270 ° C

Screw speed: 45 (position)

Injection pressure: 18 (approx. 420 bar)

Holding pressure: 9 (approx. 260 bar)

Snail back pressure: 1

Ejector pressure: 45

Injection speed: 16

Ejector speed forwards / backwards: 10/2

Injection time: 2.5 s

Holding time: 2.0 s

Cooling time: 15.0 s

Break time: 6.0 s

Dosing delay time: 0.5 s

Delay time nozzle back: 0.5 s

Time-dependent nozzle back: 1.5 s

Dosing: 35.0 mm

Compression relief: 38.0 mm

Nozzle contact force: 60 Mold clamping force: 500 kN mold temperature: gate side: water-cooled (9 1 / min) core: 80, 100 and 120 ° C at the time of demolding

Injection weight: approx. 14.6 g

Lubricant test on PA (example A. B)

The flow behavior was determined in the Mannes ann-Demag D 120 NC injection molding machine and the spiral shape. The length of the sprayed spirals was used as a measure of the lubricant effect. The following were selected as injection molding parameters:

Cylinder equipment: open nozzle, screw diameter = 45 mm, with non-return valve

Cylinder temperatures: 260, 270, 280 ° C

Nozzle temperature: 290 ° C

Screw speed: 8-16 (position)

Injection pressure: 12 (approx. 310 bar)

Holding pressure: 8 (approx. 160 bar)

Snail back pressure: 2

Injection speed: 4

Injection time: 5.0 s

Holding time: 2.0 s

Cooling time: 15.0 s

Break time: 2.0 s

Dosing delay time: 0.5 s

Delay time nozzle back: 2.0 s

Time-dependent back nozzle: 0.5 s

Dosing: 43.0 mm

Compression relief: 47.0 mm

Nozzle contact force: 11 Form clamping force: 1000 kN Tool: spiral, 3 x 15 mm, deflected at right angles, rod gate

Molding temperature: 80 ° C Injection weight: 28.1 to 34.7 g

The demolding pressures and the spiral lengths are summarized in Table 2; Standard: without additive; as comparison 1, PA was mixed with steary stearate under the same conditions.

Table 2: Release agents / lubricants for PA

The sulfone esters according to the invention are outstandingly suitable for polyamides; they are particularly characterized by the low demoulding pressures at all temperatures.

Lubricant test on PP (example C, D)

The flow behavior was determined as already described. The following were selected as injection molding parameters: Injection molding parameters

Cylinder equipment: open nozzle, screw diameter = 45 mm, with non-return valve

Cylinder temperatures: 210, 220, 220 ° C

Nozzle temperature: 230 ° C

Screw speed: 17 (position)

Injection pressure: 16 (approx. 400 bar)

Reprint: 5

Snail back pressure: 4

Injection speed: 9

Nozzle contact force: 9

Injection time: 4.0 s

Holding time: 1.5 s

Cooling time: 15.0 s

Break time: 3.0 s

Dosing delay time: 0.5 s

Delay time nozzle back: 2.0 s

Time-dependent back nozzle: 0.5 s

Dosing: 41.0 mm

Compression relief: 43.0 mm

Form clamping force: 1000 kN

Tool: spiral, 3 x 15 mm, deflected at right angles,

Bar sprue

Molding temperature: 60 ° C Injection weight: 18 to 20.5 g

Table 3 summarizes the spiral lengths. As a comparison 2, a mixture of 0.75 g of N, N-ethylene bisstearamide and 0.75 g of calcium stearate in PP was tested under the same conditions.

Table 3: Lubricants for PP

Lubricant test on PE (example E)

The flow behavior was determined as described. The following were selected as injection molding parameters:

Cylinder equipment: open nozzle, screw diameter = 45 mm, with non-return valve

Cylinder temperatures: 190 to 200 ° C

Nozzle temperature: 210 ° C

Screw speed: 16 (position)

Injection pressure: 25 (approx. 700 bar)

Holding pressure: 17 (approx. 500 bar)

Snail back pressure: 4

Injection speed: 17

Injection time: 5.0 s

Holding time: 2.0 s

Cooling time: 15.0 s

Break time: 3.0 s

Dosing delay time: 0.5 s Delay time nozzle back: 2.0 s

Time-dependent back nozzle: 0.5 s

Dosing: 43.0 mm

Compression relief: 45.0 mm

Nozzle contact force: 15

Form clamping force: 1000 kN

Tool: spiral, 3 x 15 mm, deflected at right angles,

Bar sprue

Molding temperature: 50 ° C Injection weight: 21.2 to 24.0 g

Table 4 shows the spiral lengths. For comparison 3, N, N-ethylene bisstearamide was used:

Table 4: Lubricants for PE

Smooth medium test on ABS (example F)

The flow behavior was determined in the Mannesmann Demag D 120 NC injection molding machine and the spiral shape. The length of the sprayed spirals was used as a measure of the lubricant effect. The following were selected as injection molding parameters:

Cylinder equipment: open nozzle, screw diameter = 45 mm, with non-return valve

Cylinder temperatures: 230, 240, 250 ° C

Nozzle temperature: 250 ° C

Screw speed: 16 (position)

Injection pressure: 35 (approx. 580 bar)

Snail back pressure: 4

Injection speed: 5

Injection time: 6.0 s

Cooling time: 20.0 s

Break time: 2.0 s

Dosing delay time: 0.5 s

Delay time nozzle back: 2.0 s

Time-dependent back nozzle: 0.5 s

Dosing: 51.0 mm

Compression relief: 53.0 mm

Nozzle contact force: 9

Mold closing force: 1000 kN

Tool: spiral, 3 x 15 mm, deflected at right angles,

Bar sprue

Molding temperature: 90 ° C Injection weight: 19.0 to 22.5 g

Table 5 summarizes the spiral lengths. As comparison 4, calcium stearate was tested under the same conditions.

Table 5: Lubricants for ABS

Release agent test on PC (example G)

In principle, the release agent test was carried out as already described. The following were selected as injection molding parameters:

= 28 mm,

Verzögerungszeit Düse zurück: 0,5 s

Delay time nozzle back: 0.5 s

Time-dependent back nozzle: 0.5 s

Dosing: 35.0 mm

Compression relief: 38.0 mm

Nozzle contact force: 60

Form clamping force: 500 kN

Molding temperature: gate side: water-cooled (8 1 / min)

Core: 80, 100 and 120 ° C at the time of

Demolding

Injection weight: approx.16.1 g

The demolding pressures are summarized in Table 6; Standard: without additive; as comparison 5, PC was mixed with pentaerythritol tetrastearate under the same conditions.

Table 6: Release agents for PC

The sulfone esters according to the invention are outstandingly suitable for polycarbonates, since they ensure low demolding pressures over the entire temperature range. Release agent test on PBT (example H)

In principle, the release agent test was carried out as already described. The following were selected as injection molding parameters:

In Tabelle 7 sind die Entformungsdrücke zusammengefaßt

The demolding pressures are summarized in Table 7

Table 7: Form release agent for PBT

Claims

Patent claims 1. Use of ethers and / or esters of di (hydroxyalkyl) sulfones of the general formula (I)

in which Rl, R ^{2 may be the} same or different and Can mean hydrogen, an optionally β-hydroxy-substituted alkyl radical with 6 to 50 C atoms and / or an acyl radical with 6 to 50 C atoms, provided that at most one of the radicals R 1, R ^{2 is} hydrogen, X, Y may be the same or different and represent an alkylene radical having 1 to 50 carbon atoms R7, R8 may be the same or different and Hydrogen and / or a methyl radical mean p, q is 0 or a number in the range from 1 to 25 is a processing aid for thermoplastics. 2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that in the general formula X and Y stands for a straight-chain and / or branched aliphatic alkylene group and in particular for a methylene group. 3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the general formula p and q is 0 or a number in the range from 1 to 15 and preferably means 0. 4. Use according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that l, R ^{2 is} an optionally β-hydroxy-substituted, alkyl radical having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and / or an acyl radical having 8 to 22 carbon atoms. 5. Use according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that Rl and R ^{2 is} an acyl radical having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably Rl and R ^{2 are derived} from saturated and / or unsaturated, preferably saturated fatty acids with 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably with 12 to 22 carbon atoms and in particular lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic and / or behenic acid. 6. Use according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the ethers and / or esters of di (hydroxyalkyl) sulfones are used in a mixture with ethers and / or esters of di (hydroxyalkyl) sulfoxides, preferably the sulfones in amounts from 50 to 99.99% by weight and the sulfoxides from 0.01 to 50% by weight are contained in the mixture. 7. Use according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the ethers and / or esters of the di (hydroxyalkyl) sulfones, optionally in a mixture with the di (hydroxyalkyl) sulfoxides, in amounts of 0.01 to 10 per hundred res n (phr) can be used. 8. Use according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the ethers and / or esters of di (hydroxyalkyl) sulfones for the processing of polyamides, polyesters, polycarbonates, polystyrenes and Copolymers with styrene, polyethylenes, polypropylenes or mixtures thereof can be used. 9. A method for improving the processing of thermoplastic plastics, characterized in that the thermoplastic plastics are added ether and / or esters of di (hydroxy¬ alkyl) sulfones of the general formula (I) prior to their processing. 10. Molded parts based on thermoplastics, characterized in that they contain ethers and / or esters of di (hydroxyalkyl) sulfones of the general formula (I).