[go: up one dir, main page]

WO1993010289A1 - Ameliorations relatives a des brins, des fils et des cables de polyester - Google Patents

Ameliorations relatives a des brins, des fils et des cables de polyester Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1993010289A1
WO1993010289A1 PCT/US1991/008383 US9108383W WO9310289A1 WO 1993010289 A1 WO1993010289 A1 WO 1993010289A1 US 9108383 W US9108383 W US 9108383W WO 9310289 A1 WO9310289 A1 WO 9310289A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
yarns
less
drawn
shrinkage
feed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1991/008383
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Benjamin Hughes Knox
James Bennett Noe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EIDP Inc
Original Assignee
EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority to EP92900811A priority Critical patent/EP0613505A1/fr
Priority to PCT/US1991/008383 priority patent/WO1993010289A1/fr
Publication of WO1993010289A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993010289A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/62—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch

Definitions

  • This invention concerns improvements in and relating to polyester (continuous) filaments
  • polyester continuous filament yarns of various differing deniers, as desired, and of other useful properties, including improved processes especially to a capability to provide from the same feed stock such polyester continuous filament yarns of various differing deniers, as desired, and of other useful properties, including improved processes; and new polyester flat yarns, as well as filaments, generally, including tows, resulting from such
  • Polyester (continuous) filament yarns have for many years had several desirable properties and have been available in large quantities at reasonable cost, but, hitherto, there has been an important limiting factor in the usefulness of most polyester flat yarns to textile designers, because only a limited range of yarns has been available from fiber producers, and the ability of any designer to custom-make his own
  • polyester flat yarns has been severely limited in practice.
  • the fiber producer has generally supplied only a rather limited range of polyester yarns because it would be more costly to make a more varied range, e.g. of deniers per filament (dpf), and to stock an inventory of such different yarns.
  • dpf deniers per filament
  • polyester filaments have combinations of properties that, for certain end-uses, could desirably be improved, as will be indicated hereinafter. It is important to recognize that what is important for any particular end-use is the combination of all the properties of the specific yarn (or fiber), sometimes in the yarn itself during processing, but also in the eventual fabric or garment of which it is a component. It is easy, for instance, to reduce
  • a yarn For textile purposes, a yarn must have certain properties, such as sufficiently high modulus and yield point, and sufficiently low shrinkage, which
  • feeder yarns are sometimes referred to as feed yarns, which is how we refer to them herein, for the most part.
  • feed yarns Conventionally, flat polyester filament yarns used to be prepared by melt-spinning at low speeds (to make undrawn yarn that is sometimes referred to as LOY) and then drawing and heating to reduce shrinkage and to increase modulus and yield point. It has long been known that such undrawn (LOY) polyester filaments draw by a necking operation, as disclosed by Marshall and Thompson in J. Applied Chem., 4, (April 1954), pp. 145-153. This means that the undrawn polyester filaments have a natural draw ratio.
  • filaments which have been considered inferior for most practical commercial purposes (unless a specialty yarn has been required, to give a novelty effect, or special effect).
  • the need for uniformity is particularly important, more so than for staple fiber.
  • Fabrics from flat (i.e. untextured) yarns show even minor differences in uniformity from partial drawing of conventional undrawn polyester yarns as defects, especially when dyeing these fabrics.
  • uni.formi.ty m. flat fi.lament yarns is extremely
  • polyester filaments have been unique in this respect because nylon filaments and
  • polypropylene filaments have not had this defect.
  • Barmag/Liba indicates that POY, MOY or LOY yarn
  • packages can be used to cut the raw material costs.
  • POY stands for partially oriented yarn, meaning spin-oriented yarn spun at speeds of, e.g., 3-4 km/min for use as feeder yarns for draw-texturing.
  • DTFY had not been used, e.g., as textile yarns, because of their high shrinkage and low yield point, which is often measurable as a low T 7 (tenacity at 7% elongation) or a low modulus (M).
  • POY used as DTFY is not "hard yarn” that can be used as such in textile processes, but are feeder yarns that are drawn and heated to increase their yield point and reduce their shrinkage.
  • MOY means medium oriented yarns, and are prepared by spinning at somewhat lower speeds than POY, e.g., 2-2.5 km/min, and are even less "hard", i.e., they are even less suitable for use as textile yarns without drawing.
  • LOY means low oriented yarns, and are prepared at much lower spinning speeds of the order of 1 km/min or much less.
  • resulting yarns are irregular; although the resulting irregularity becomes less noticeable, e.g., to the naked eye or by photography, as the spinning speed of the precursor feed yarns is increased, the along-end denier variations of the partial drawn yarns are nevertheless greater than are commercially desirable, especially as the resulting fabrics or yarns are
  • Yarn uniformity is often referred to in terms of % Uster, or can be expressed as Denier
  • a process for improving the properties of spin-oriented crystalline polyester filaments wherein the filaments are completely or partially drawn uniformly by hot- drawing or by cold-drawing, with or without heat- setting, and wherein said feed filaments are of elongation-to-break (E B ) 40 to 120%, tenacity at 7% elongation (T 7 ) at least 0.7 grams/denier, boil-off shrinkage (S 1 ) less than 10%, thermal stability as shown by an S 2 value less than +1%, net shrinkage (S 12 ) less than 8%, maximum shrinkage tension (ST) less than 0.3 grams/denier, density (p) 1.35 to about 1.39 grams/cubic centimeter, and crystal size (CS) 55 to 90 Angstroms and also at least (250 ⁇ - 282.5) Angstroms.
  • E B elongation-to-break
  • T 7 tenacity at 7% elongation
  • S 1 boil-off shrinkage
  • ST maximum shrinkage tension
  • ST density
  • p 1.
  • preferred crystalline spin-oriented polyester filaments used as undrawn feed yarns are direct-use polyester yarns, being of sufficiently low shrinkage and
  • the resulting drawn yarns have much improved uniformity in comparison with POY, MOY and especially LOY, when partially-drawn at similar low draw ratios, i.e., the undrawn feed yarns according to the invention do not perform as if they have a minimum natural draw ratio in the sense that this term has been used.
  • the stress/elongation curve shows a yield zone, these yarns can be drawn uniformly at draw ratios below this yield zone. This phenomenon will be described and
  • polyester yarns are unique among polyester yarns of relatively high elongation with respect to this
  • filaments may be prepared at speeds higher than are used in the Knox patent, including speeds and
  • E B elongation-to-break
  • T 7 tenacity at 7% elongation
  • CS 250 ⁇ - 282.5 Angstroms and Relative Disperse Dye Rate (RDDR) at least about 0.075 and also at least about the following value in relation to the square root of the post yield modulus ( ⁇ PYM):
  • polyester filament tow the improvement characterized in that the filament tow is of
  • E B elongation-to-break
  • T 7 tenacity at 7% elongation
  • crystal size (CS) about 60 to about 90 8 and also at least about the following value in relation to the density:
  • CS 250 ⁇ - 282.5 Angstroms and Relative Disperse Dye Rate (RDDR) at least about 0.075 and also at least about the following value in relation to the square root of the post yield modulus ( ⁇ PYM):
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a typical commercial draw-warping machine that may be used to practice the process of the invention.
  • Figures 2-6 are graphs.
  • Figures 7-9 compare along-end denier Uster traces.
  • Figures 10-12 are curves showing load plotted v. elongation (-to-break).
  • Figures 13-15 are more along-end denier Uster traces.
  • Figures 16 and 17 are photographs of dyed fabrics.
  • Figures 18-20 are more curves showing load plotted v. elongation.
  • Such parameters include the tensile, shrinkage, orientation
  • Preferred polyester feed yarn filaments are undrawn in the sense disclosed by Knox, Frankfort & Knox, Petrille and Piazza & Reese.
  • Sometimes such filaments are referred to as spin-oriented, because the orientation (and crystallization eventually derived therefrom) is caused by high-speed spinning, as opposed to the older process of first spinning at low speeds, of the order 0.5 (or as much as 1) km/min, to make LOY, followed by drawing and annealing which older process produces a completely different crystal fine structure in such conventional drawn yarns, in contrast to the combination of lower orientation and larger crystals derived from high-speed spinning (spin-orientation).
  • a low shrinkage is an essential requirement for textile yarns, as discussed by Knox; in fact, the shrinkage behavior of conventional drawn polyester yarns has not been as good as for other yarns, e.g., cellulose acetate, and this has caused textile
  • POY has lower crystallinity and significantly higher shrinkage such as is desired for use as feeder yarns for draw-texturing, this having been a very much larger end-use than direct-use
  • the thermal stability (S 2 ) is a measure of the additional change in length on exposure to dry heat (350°F) after initial boil-off shrinkage (S 1 ).
  • the feed yarns of this invention have S 2 values of less than about +1%, i.e., the yarns do not shrink significantly during the test. Under the test conditions, some yarns may elongate, in which case the S 2 value is given in a parenthesis. The feed yarns generally do not elongate more than about 3%.
  • the drawn yarns of this invention have S 2 values of less than about +2% (i.e, shrink less than about 2%) and generally do not elongate greater than about 3%.
  • the net shrinkage is the sum of S 1 and S 2 and,
  • S 12 is designated S 12 ; although this has not often been referred to in the literature, it is a very important value, in some respects, for the fabric manufacturer, since a high and/or non-uniform net shrinkage (S 12 ) means an important loss in effective fabric dimensions, as sold to the eventual consumer. Uniformity of shrinkage is also not often referred to, but is often very important in practice in fabric formation.
  • the combination of low shrinkage values (S 1 , S 2 and S 12 ) of the feed yarns used in the process of the invention distinguishes such feed yarns from conventional POY, which as DTFY, i.e. as a feeder yarn for draw-texturing, preferably has low crystallinity and so higher shrinkage, and from conventional drawn yarns.
  • the feed yarns Preferably have both S 1 and S 12 values less than about 6%.
  • a low shrinkage tension is very important because less tension is generated during yarn processing, and later, in fabrics, less puckering occurs, in contrast to drawn yarns.
  • a preferred value for both feed yarns and drawn products is less than
  • the yield zone (E''- E') is the range of elongation for which the stress first decreases and then increases below ⁇ y , i.e., when the yarn yields because the stress decreases below peak value ⁇ y as E increases beyond E 1 (when ⁇ passes through peak value ⁇ ' y ) until the stress again regains peak value ⁇ " y at E" (the post-yield point).
  • preferred feed yarns were described by Knox, and have advantages in some end-uses (somewhat like cellulose acetate) partly because of their relatively low modulus.
  • This advantage in aesthetics is however accompanied by a relatively low yield point (shown by a relatively large yield zone) which can be a disadvantage if it is desirable to use such yarns as filling, because the sudden increases in stress imposed by many weaving techniques may stretch such yarns irreversibly and only intermittently, with a resulting defect that can be revealed when the woven fabric is later dyed.
  • the post yield modulus is defined herein as the slope of the plot of stress v. elongation between E 7 and E 20 , i.e., elongations of 7 and 20%, and is given by the relationship:
  • the ⁇ PYM after boil-off (ABO) should be in the approximate range 2.5 to 5, preferably 3 to 5,
  • the minimum value of T 7 (0.7 g/d) and the range of E B (40-120%) coupled with large crystals, are important characteristics of spin-oriented yarns that provide the ability to be drawn uniformly as indicated above, in contrast with conventional POY and other undrawn yarns of higher shrinkage which are not capable of consistent drawing at low draw ratios to provide filaments of equivalent uniformity.
  • the T 7 is at least 0.8 g/d, and the E B is less than 90%, corresponding to a yield zone of less than 10%. In practice, T 7 is not usually greater than
  • T 7 the preferred minimum of T 7 is about 1 g/d, with E B about 20-90%, and preferably about 20-60%, which provides sufficient initial tensiles for textile processability, even for weaving.
  • the process of the invention is not limited to cold-drawing, the importance of the ability for the first time to carry out cold-drawing (fully and partially drawing) of undrawn polyester yarns should be emphasized, because of the improvement in uniformity that results.
  • External heaters are an inevitable source of variability, and therefore non-uniformity, end-to-end, as well as along-end. The latter improvement also improves tensile properties and uniformity of shrinkage. Use of heaters also leads to
  • the drawn products are of density about 1.37 to about 1.415 g/cm 3 .
  • the Relative Disperse Dye Rate as defined and described by Knox, is significantly better than for conventional drawn polyester, and is preferably at least 0.09, for the drawn products, despite the fact that they have been drawn.
  • the combination of this good dyeability (reduced from the corresponding feed yarns to an extent that depends on the drawing
  • Teranil Yellow 2GW in a bath buffered to a pH of 5.5, boiled for 25 minutes, whereas the fabrics for Table IV were dyed with 4% OWF of Blue GLF at 95°C for 60 minutes.
  • ⁇ Wt/Area % is a measure of area fabric shrinkage during this dyeing and subsequent heat-setting (dry at
  • dye mottle i.e., spotty pattern of light and dark regions, the spots being one or a few millimeters in diameter
  • the rating scale is:
  • the Mullen Burst Test is a strength criterion for fabrics and was measured (lbs/in) according to ASTM
  • the Burst Strength is obtained by dividing the
  • Fabrics from drawn filament yarns according to the invention preferably have Burst Strengths (ABO) in the
  • Figure 6 illustrates the Burst Strength plotted against E B (ABO) for drawn yarns (AW) of E B about 20- 90% and S 1 ⁇ 10%, with preferred drawn yarns (AW) of E B about 20-60% and S 1 ⁇ 6%.
  • the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] is generally in the approximate range 0.56-0.68 for textile yarns.
  • Preferred birefringence values for the feed yarns are in the approximate range 0.05-0.12,
  • Birefringence values are very difficult to measure unless the yarns are of round cross section, and there is an increasing tendency for customers to prefer various non-round cross sections, because of their aesthetics.
  • WDR warp draw ratio
  • E B is the elongation of the feed yarns and RDR is the residual draw ratio of the resulting warp-drawn yarns
  • E' B the elongation of such warp-drawn yarns, instead of the feed yarns
  • This RDR will generally be more than about 1.1X, and especially more than about 1.2X, i.e. to give
  • E' B of more than 10%, and especially 20% or more, but this is largely a matter of customer preference.
  • Relative denier spread and Uster data as reported in Tables VII-XII are the ratios of the % coefficient of variations of results measured on warp- drawn yarns and corresponding feed yarns.
  • the denier spread and Uster data are measured on a Model C-II Uster evenness tester, manufactured by Zwellweger-Uster Corporation.
  • the denier spread data which relate to long-term variations in yarn uniformity, are based on samples measured under the following conditions:
  • Draw tension variation along the length of a continuous filament yarn is a measure of the along-end orientation uniformity and relates to dye uniformity. Yarns having a high draw tension variation give
  • Draw tension is measured with a Extensotron® Model 4000 transducer equipped with a 1000 gram head which is calibrated at 200 grams, and the yarns are drawn at the RDR's
  • Table I shows for these operations (designated I-1 through 1-6) yarn characteristics, warping conditions and fabric characteristics. Table I also, however, includes appropriate corresponding details for yarns that are not processed according to the invention (designated IA, IB and IC) so that their characteristics may be compared with yarns (I-1 through 1-6) warp-drawn according to the invention.
  • IV-1 is merely the feed yarn used for these draw-warpm. g operations, i.e. IV-1 is not produced according to the invention.
  • V-3 is the feed yarn used to carry out the draw warping processes according to the
  • V-1 is the feed yarn used in Comparison Table II
  • V-2 is the feed yarn used in Comparison Table III
  • VI-3 is used according to the invention
  • VI-1 and VI-2 are used for comparison experiments (not according to the invention) and the results are shown in the later Tables.
  • the draw-warping can be carried out under various drawing conditions.
  • Cold-drawing is the term used when no external heat is applied; but, as is well known, exothermic heat of drawing and the friction of the running threadline will generally and inevitably heat any snubbing pin unless specific means are used to avoid or prevent this.
  • Cold-drawing will generally somewhat raise the shrinkage of the resulting drawn yarn; this may be tolerable, depending on the balance of properties desired, and may be desirable for certain end-uses.
  • Hot-drawing where the feed yarn is heated, or when a cold-drawn yarn is annealed after drawing, will enable the operator to produce drawn yarns of low shrinkage, similar to that of the feed yarn; this will also reduce the dyeability somewhat, but the resulting dyeability will still be significantly higher than that of conventional drawn polyester.
  • Example were within the preferred ranges specified hereinabove.
  • the draw-warping processes were carried out on an apparatus provided by Karl Mayer
  • a sheet of warps is drawn by feed rolls IA and IB from a creel (not shown) on the left and is eventually wound on a beam 8 on the right of Figure 1.
  • Feed rolls IA are heatable, if desired, whereas feed rolls IB are non-heatable.
  • the warp sheet then passes up in contact with an inclined plate 2, that may, if desired, be heated so as to preheat the warps, before passing over a heatable pin 3, sometimes referred to as a snubbing pin, and then down in contact with another inclined plate 4, which may, if desired, be heated so as to set the drawn warps before passing to the set of draw rolls
  • draw rolls 5A and 5B that are driven at a greater speed than the feed rolls, so as to provide the desired warp draw ratio, and wherein draw rolls 5A may be heated if desired, whereas draw rolls 5B are non-heatable.
  • the warps may, after leaving the draw rolls 5A and 5B, bypass directly to the beam winder 8, as shown in one option in Figure 1, or may, if desired, undergo
  • relax rolls 5A may be heated, if desired, whereas relax rolls 5B are non-heatable, before passing to beam winder 8.
  • test I-1 to 1-6 This first compares the results of six draw- warping processes according to the invention (tests I-1 to 1-6), using feed yarns of 108 denier, 50 filament (trilobal), that are spin-oriented with large crystals as described above, on the one hand, in contrast with two conventional drawn polyester yarns IA and IB and with a spun-oriented direct-use polyester yarn IC so to contrast the properties of these drawn yarns (tests I-1 through 6 and IA,B) and of the direct-use yarn IC and of fabrics made therefrom.
  • Item IC is not a drawn yarn but a spun-oriented direct-use yarn that was also the feed yarn used to prepare yarns I-1 through 1-6 (to show the effects of the draw-warping processes) and fabrics therefrom.
  • Tests 1 and 6 were essentially fully drawn to residual elongations of 25.4% and 30.7%, respectively, which correspond to residual draw ratios (RDR) of
  • Tests 4-6 were drawn cold (without externally-applied heat) wherein the heat of draw and friction increased the temperatures to about 70°C. All test yarns gave acceptable tensiles as indicated by an initial modulus
  • test yarns less than 90% and especially less than 60%.
  • the test yarns also maintained acceptable tensiles after boil-off shrinkage (ABO) and after dry heat shrinkage
  • ADH The retention of tensiles after exposure to heat is attributed to a combination of densities (p) greater than about 1.355 g/cm 3 (and especially greater than about 1. 37 g/cm 3 ) and very large crystals
  • WAXS wide-angle X-ray
  • the thermal stability (S 2 ) is characterized by the additional change in yarn length on heating to 350°F (177°C) of less than about 2% (the
  • test yarns (I-1, 2, 3, 5 and 6) have similar thermal stability to the commercially available direct-use yarn (IC), but sustained tensiles, as characterized by a tenacity at 7% elongation (T 7 ) of greater than about 1 g/d and a post yield modulus (PYM) before and after boil-off of at least 5 g/d.
  • IC direct-use yarn
  • PYM post yield modulus
  • test yarns (I-1 through 6) are further characterized by an improved dyeability as indicated by a Relative Disperse Dye Rate (RDDR) of at least 0.075 and preferably of at least 0.09 and greater than
  • RDDR Relative Disperse Dye Rate
  • test yarns (0.165-0.025 VPYM, ABO).
  • the test yarns have RDDR values 1.5X to 3X fully drawn hard yarns and depending on warp-draw process conditions, RDDR values nearly comparable to the commercially available direct-use yarn IC. Drawing the test yarns without added heat
  • test yarns (I-1 through 6) were knit into
  • test yarns give very uniform fabrics, comparable to commercially available fully drawn hard yarns (IA) and direct-use yarns (IC). This was unexpected since test yarns (1-2 through 5) were drawn to residual
  • test yarns The retention of uniformity is attributable to this unique and surprising capability of these test yarns to be partially drawn (hot or cold) to such residual elongations as are greater than 30%, and even greater than 40%, while maintaining uniform along-end denier and shrinkage properties.
  • test yarn fabrics (I-1 through 6) also show improved thermal stability as characterized by
  • test yarn fabrics (I-1 through 6) also had acceptable Burst
  • ABO Strengths (ABO) of at least 15[(lbs.yd 2 )/(oz.in)] and greater than about 31[1-(E B + S 1 )/(100 - S 1 )] where E B and S 1 are measured on the yarns (AW).
  • draw-warping machine used in this Example was manufactured by Karl Mayer, the process of the invention has also been demonstrated with other machines, including draw-warping machines manufactured by Liba-Barmag and by Val Lesina, and slashers
  • Burst Strength Mullen Burst/Area Wt.
  • POY partially oriented yarns
  • Control yarn II is a nominal 115-34 trilobal POY with 0.035% TiO 2 and 0.658 intrinsic viscosity and is characterized in detail hereinafter as V-1 in Table V.
  • Control feed yarn III is a nominal 107-34 round POY with 0.30% TiO 2 and of 0.656 intrinsic viscosity and is characterized in detail hereinafter as V-2 in Table V.
  • Control feed yarn V-1 was draw-warped to a residual elongation of about 24% using temperatures similar to test I-1 and 2, except the set plate was at 160°C.
  • the draw-warped yarn II-1 had poorer thermal stability than test yarns I-1 through 6, as characterized by an S 2 value >2% and a net shrinkage (S 12 ) greater than 8%.
  • the dyeability of II-1 was significantly lower than the test yarns I-1 through 6 with an RDDR value of 0.062, or less than 0.075.
  • the poorer dyeability is
  • the dyed fabrics had poorer uniformity v. fabrics from test yarns (1-2 through 5), drawn to higher residual draw ratios.
  • control feed yarn V-2 was draw-warped under identical conditions as the test yarn (V-3) except the draw ratio was increased because of the higher initial elongation-to-break (E B ) versus the test yarn.
  • the control draw-warped yarns III-1 and 6 were fully drawn;
  • III-2 to 5 were partially drawn; and III-4 through 6 were drawn without heat added.
  • Control yarn III-5 was nearly fully drawn to a residual elongation of about
  • control yarns II and III were poorer than that of the test yarns (I), except for III-4 which was drawn cold and had an excessive net shrinkage of 18.6%.
  • the poorer dyeability of the control yarns II and III is consistent with smaller crystals of crystal size (CS) less than
  • control yarn III-2 vs test yarn 1-2
  • Figure 9 compares control yarn III-4 vs. test yarn 1-4.
  • the improvement in uniformity according to the invention is very evident from each Figure.
  • the invention is further illustrated in Table
  • Yarn IV-1 is a round nominal 75-40 filament yarn which was treated under different drawing and overfeed conditions on a single-end basis (IV-2 through IV-9).
  • the initial tensiles as characterized by the initial modulus, M, and tenacity at 7% elongation (T 7 ) were enhanced, except for the modulus values of yarns IV-2, IV-4 and IV-6 which were obtained under these conditions: draw temperatures of about 100°C, presence of water, and drawing conditions ranging from slight relaxation to slight draw.
  • the yarns are characterized by low shrinkage of less than 6% and low shrinkage tension (ST) less than 0.15 g/d, except for yarns IV-8 and 9 drawn 1.10X. All yarns had good dyeability similar to the feed yarn, except for yarns IV-7 and 9 drawn 1.05X and 1.10X, respectively, at 180°C, which have somewhat lower dyeability.
  • curves a-d represent yarns IV-9, IV-7, IV-5, and IV-1
  • curves a-d represent yarns IV-8, IV-6, IV-4, and IV-1,
  • test yarn IV-1 as a warp yarn for -knitting and weaving.
  • V-1 and V-2 are commercially-available POY used in the Example as the sources of control yarns II-1 and III-1 through 6, respectively, and V-3 is the test feed yarn used in the Example as the source of test yarns I-1 through 6, and is the direct-use yarn IC shown in Table I.
  • the control feed yarns V-1 and V-2 differ
  • control feed yarns had densities less than 1.35 g/cm 3 and very small crystals giving diffuse scattering by wide-angle X-ray (WAXS).
  • yarns VI-1 and VI-2 are commercially available POY, similar to yarns V-1 and V-2 used in the Examples II and III, and are used as the sources of control yarns VII-1 through VII-6 and VIII-1 through VIII-6, X- 1 through X-6 and XI-1 through XI-6, XIII-1 through XIII-8 and XIV-1 through XIV-8, respectively; and yarn VI-3 is the test feed yarn used as the source for test yarns IX-1 through IX-6, XII-1 through XII-6, and XV-1 through XV-5, and is similar to the direct-use yarn IC shown in Table I.
  • control feed yarns VI-1 and VI-2 differ significantly (from the test feed yarn VI-3) in that they have lower yield points ('y), longer yield zones (E"-E'), and poor thermal stability with boil-off shrinkages greater than 10%.
  • the control feed yarns had densities less than 1.35 g/cm 3 and very small crystals giving diffuse scattering by wide-angle X-ray (WAXS) .
  • WAXS wide-angle X-ray
  • the load-Elongation curves are compared in Figures 10-12, and were obtained by drawing at 19°C/65% RH and 25 meters per minute using an along-end stress-stain analyzer manufactured entered by Micro Sensors Incorporated. The nonuniform neck yield region is very pronounced for the control yarns VI-1 and VI-2 in
  • test yarn Vl-3 does not exhibit neckdown, but uniform plastic flow behavior, as shown by its much more uniform along-end yield behavior in Figure 12.
  • test yarn VI-I and VI-2 when partially drawn to RDR greater than about 1.3, had poor along end denier uniformity as shown by high values of relative Denier Spread, and relative Uster, and by short dark dye streaks (called mottle) in dyed knit tubing.
  • the test yarn VI-3 could be partially drawn hot (Table IX) and cold (Table XII) to residual draw ratios (RDR) greater than about 1.3, and gave partially drawn yarns with acceptable along end denier uniformity and dyed knit tubing essentially free of dye defects.
  • the control yarns could only be drawn uniformly when drawn hot
  • test yarns still are preferred for drawing hot or cold to residual draw ratios less than about 1.3 as they gave improved along end uniformity (over the fully drawn control yarns) as indicated by lower values of relative along-end denier and Uster, and less visual dye defects .
  • yield regions Only the test yarn had acceptable along-end Uster when partially drawn to within its yield region.
  • the high relative Uster values of the control yarns (VII-2, for example) gave rise to pronounced dye mottle (DM) in dyed knit tubing while the test yarn IX-2 gave commercially acceptable uniformity with only a few faint dye streaks, as shown in Figures 16 and 17, respectively.
  • control yarns VI-1 and VI-2 could not be partially drawn hot or cold to residual draw ratios
  • test yarn VI-3 could be uniformly partially drawn hot and cold drawn over the entire draw ratio range tested as indicated by along end draw tension %CV values of less than 2%.
  • Warp beaming which includes a heat treatment to enhance yarn properties is incorporated, herein, as a form of "warp drawing" where the beaming can include relaxation, i.e., draw ratios of less than 1.0X, or restrained conditions, i.e., draw ratio of about 1.0X.
  • relaxation i.e., draw ratios of less than 1.0X
  • restrained conditions i.e., draw ratio of about 1.0X.
  • Tenter Frames or Slasher units for example, modified to incorporate warp beaming, are alternate forms of warp treatment of which warp drawing is currently the most common.
  • the test yarn of this invention makes the alternate warp treatments commercially viable routes to obtain enhanced warp yarn properties.
  • the feed yarns for use in this invention are highly crystalline with excellent thermal stability and dyeability which characteristics may be essentially maintained after hot (or cold) drawing. These feed yarns are also capable of being drawn hot or cold uniformly to residual elongations greater than about 30%, which provides the flexibility of tailoring draw- warped yarns of given tensiles, shrinkage, and
  • Variable along-end heating would give varying shrinkage, and so give a patterned warp.
  • UV-screeners or other additives to take advantage of high dye rate of the preferred feed yarns.
  • the process can involve less trimer production and fuming of the finish, which can lead to other advantages, for instance the feed yarn
  • manufacturer can apply a finish that will persist and remain satisfactory beyond the draw-warping operation, i.e., reduce or avoid the need to apply further finish for weaving or knitting.
  • the resulting drawn products have generally higher rate of alkali weight reduction than conventionally drawn POY and fully drawn yarns.
  • the resulting drawn products have lower modulus than conventional drawn polyester, and so have generally better aesthetics.
  • draw-warping machine Any type of draw-warping machine can be used, or even a tenter frame or slasher unit, for example, modified to incorporate warp beaming.
  • any type of draw winding machine may be used.
  • the yarns may have any end uses that have been or could be supplied by fully oriented yarns, including weft knitting yarns, and supply yarns for twisting and draw winding.
  • Effective WDR 1.34 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.17 1.32

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Abstract

L'étirage, en particulier l'étirage à froid ou à chaud, ou d'autres traitements thermiques, de brins de polyester cristallins orientés au filage, en particulier des fils d'alimentation en polyester, qui ont été produits par filage à des vitesses de 4 km/min, par exemple, et qui présentent un rétrécissement faible et aucun rapport d'étirage naturel dans le sens classique, constitue une technique utile pour obtenir des brins étirés uniformes d'un denier requis. Cette technique permet ainsi d'obtenir une flexibilité améliorée dans la production de brins et de fils de différents deniers. Les brins uniformes obtenus présentent des caractéristiques utiles améliorées à certains égards.
PCT/US1991/008383 1991-11-18 1991-11-18 Ameliorations relatives a des brins, des fils et des cables de polyester Ceased WO1993010289A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP92900811A EP0613505A1 (fr) 1991-11-18 1991-11-18 Ameliorations relatives a des brins, des fils et des cables de polyester
PCT/US1991/008383 WO1993010289A1 (fr) 1991-11-18 1991-11-18 Ameliorations relatives a des brins, des fils et des cables de polyester

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1991/008383 WO1993010289A1 (fr) 1991-11-18 1991-11-18 Ameliorations relatives a des brins, des fils et des cables de polyester

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993010289A1 true WO1993010289A1 (fr) 1993-05-27

Family

ID=22225958

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1991/008383 Ceased WO1993010289A1 (fr) 1991-11-18 1991-11-18 Ameliorations relatives a des brins, des fils et des cables de polyester

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0613505A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993010289A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007083338A3 (fr) * 2006-01-18 2007-11-22 Mariella Crotti Dispositif et procédé destinés à étirer un fil, et pelote de fil ainsi obtenue

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4134882A (en) * 1976-06-11 1979-01-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Poly(ethylene terephthalate)filaments
US4156071A (en) * 1977-09-12 1979-05-22 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Poly(ethylene terephthalate) flat yarns and tows
WO1988003185A1 (fr) * 1986-10-24 1988-05-05 Viscosuisse Sa Procede pour la fabrication d'un fil de polyester lisse et fil de polyester fabrique selon ce procede
EP0400268A2 (fr) * 1989-05-27 1990-12-05 JOHN BROWN DEUTSCHE ENGINEERING GmbH Procédé et dispositif pour la préparation de fil non texturé de filaments thermoplastiques, en particulier fil de polyester
US5066447A (en) * 1987-05-22 1991-11-19 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for improving the properties of a feed yarn

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4134882A (en) * 1976-06-11 1979-01-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Poly(ethylene terephthalate)filaments
US4156071A (en) * 1977-09-12 1979-05-22 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Poly(ethylene terephthalate) flat yarns and tows
WO1988003185A1 (fr) * 1986-10-24 1988-05-05 Viscosuisse Sa Procede pour la fabrication d'un fil de polyester lisse et fil de polyester fabrique selon ce procede
US5066447A (en) * 1987-05-22 1991-11-19 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for improving the properties of a feed yarn
EP0400268A2 (fr) * 1989-05-27 1990-12-05 JOHN BROWN DEUTSCHE ENGINEERING GmbH Procédé et dispositif pour la préparation de fil non texturé de filaments thermoplastiques, en particulier fil de polyester

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 90, no. 18, 30 April 1979, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 138992Q, K. IOHARA ET AL.: 'Polyester fiber manufacture' page 57 ;column 1 ; *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007083338A3 (fr) * 2006-01-18 2007-11-22 Mariella Crotti Dispositif et procédé destinés à étirer un fil, et pelote de fil ainsi obtenue

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0613505A1 (fr) 1994-09-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA1125488A (fr) File de polyester gonflable a la chaleur
US4101525A (en) Polyester yarn of high strength possessing an unusually stable internal structure
CA1171213A (fr) Procede ameliore de fabrication d'un fil de polyester tres resistant et possedant une structure interne tres stable
US7654071B2 (en) Composite fibers
JPH0258365B2 (fr)
CN1083500C (zh) 具有粗细节纱的聚酰胺系纤维及其制造方法
JPWO1997031142A1 (ja) 太細を有するポリアミド系繊維およびその製造方法
US5066447A (en) Process for improving the properties of a feed yarn
US5223197A (en) Process of making mixed filament yarn
EP0804640B1 (fr) Ameliorations apportees a des filaments, des fils et des cables continus
US5364701A (en) Mixed filament yarn of polyester filaments and nylon filaments
US5223198A (en) Process of making mixed shrinkage yarn
US5229060A (en) Process for improving the properties of a feed yarn of undrawn polyester filaments
US5261472A (en) Polyester filaments, yarns and tows
JP2619356B2 (ja) 高強力なポリエステル糸の製造方法
US5244616A (en) Method of making improved polyester filaments, yarns and tows
US5145623A (en) Method of making improved polyester filaments, yarns and tows
WO2010014556A1 (fr) Fibres à deux composants partiellement orientées à faible denier et fils plats et texturés destinés à être utilisés dans un vêtement
US4539805A (en) Process and apparatus for producing easily dyeable polyester false-twisted yarns
US3816994A (en) False-twist texturing process with improved feed yarns and feed rates
JPS6242044B2 (fr)
WO1993010289A1 (fr) Ameliorations relatives a des brins, des fils et des cables de polyester
EP1743057B1 (fr) Filage de fils de poly(trimethylene terephtalate)
US5106685A (en) Process for manufacturing a smooth polyester yarn and yarn so obtained
JP4151295B2 (ja) ポリ乳酸繊維の製造方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AU BR JP KR

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LU NL SE

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1992900811

Country of ref document: EP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1992900811

Country of ref document: EP

WWR Wipo information: refused in national office

Ref document number: 1992900811

Country of ref document: EP

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 1992900811

Country of ref document: EP