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WO1993009066A1 - Element de construction ignifuge - Google Patents

Element de construction ignifuge Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993009066A1
WO1993009066A1 PCT/NO1992/000178 NO9200178W WO9309066A1 WO 1993009066 A1 WO1993009066 A1 WO 1993009066A1 NO 9200178 W NO9200178 W NO 9200178W WO 9309066 A1 WO9309066 A1 WO 9309066A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plaster
dolomite
weight percent
construction element
respect
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/NO1992/000178
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Anders Kristian Jarmund
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ARBOR-TRADING AS
Original Assignee
ARBOR-TRADING AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ARBOR-TRADING AS filed Critical ARBOR-TRADING AS
Publication of WO1993009066A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993009066A1/fr
Priority to NO941598A priority Critical patent/NO177385C/no
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • This invention concerns fire resistant construction elements according to the introductory of claim 1.
  • Construction elements of the plaster/fiber type e.g. plaster and wood
  • plaster and wood will under the influence of for example fire result in the emission of crystal water from the plaster at a temperature of about 103 °C.
  • the crystal water will naturally decrease flame development, and on occasions where the fire is localised and limited, continued flame development maybe also completely terminated.
  • the fire resistant effect of the crystal water will only last temporarily.
  • the object of DE Patent No. 3.508.933 is to provide a fire protective construction plate having sufficient air and vapor permeability, the latter feature being said to be advantageous during production of the plate.
  • This construction plate is a laminate structure having a plaster core, optionally containing fibers, and two layers of glass fiber with the core located therebetween. On the outer surface of one of the glass fiber layers, a layer of fine grained inorganic material is formed, e.g. plaster, dolomite and magnesite.
  • the inorganic components will, among other things, serve as a fire barrier by emitting water and carbon dioxide during a fire. However, because of this thin surface layer, the active fire resistance is limited, and the plate structure is relatively complex.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a construction element having as much intrinsic and active fire resistance as possible, without loss of strength properties of the plate.
  • Another object is to provide fire protection in such construction elements that actively resists the influence of heat and flames in a broad temperature range, even at temperatures up to 900°C. This object is achieved with a construction element according to the characterizing part of patent claim 1. Further features appear from the dependent claims.
  • Construction elements of plaster and a fibrous material, e.g. wood fibers, are in accordance with the present invention provided with active fire retarding properties by adding the mineral dolomite during production of the elements.
  • active fire retarding means the element emits gaseous non-combustible components under the effect of heat.
  • the fire protective properties are substiantially achieved from the carbonate component of the mineral, which component is liberated in the form of carbon dioxide gas.
  • the chemical composition of dolomite is CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 , i.e. calcite CaCO 3 and magnesite MgCO 3 , and the mineral frequently contains brucite Mg(OH) 2 .
  • Dolomite having from 17 to 20 weight percent of brucite is particularly preferred in connection with the present invention.
  • the magnesite component Under the influence of heat, the magnesite component will evolve carbon dioxide at a temperature of about 300 °C; the vapor pressure of carbon dioxide from magnesite is 1 atmosphere at about 353 °C.
  • the calcite component in dolomite will evolve carbon dioxide in the temperature range of 700°C to 900°C. If the dolomite also contains brucite, the brucite component will initiate the formation of free water at a temperature of from 350°C to 450°C. In this way, the dolomite mineral added will evolve gaseous carbon dioxide and optionally water vapor that prevents further supply of oxygen to the combustion.
  • construction elements of such type having a content of dolomite will exhibit improved mechanical properties such as improved modulus of elasticity and tensile strength.
  • fibrous material is meant to comprise fiber preferably from wood, such as chips, splinter, wood fiber, paper fiber, and the like.
  • other fibrous materials can be used, such as plastic fiber, nutshells, and so on.
  • construction element is meant to comprise plates, different furnishing components, such as door panels, door frames, armrests on chairs, and the like.
  • MgCO 3 > MgO + CO 2 Mg(OH) 2 > MgO + H 2 O
  • the construction element may absorb water more easily and swell, a property that is undesirable for a construction material of this type.
  • the amount of plaster increases outside the specified limit, the solidity and strength properties of the construction element will decrease.
  • the content of dolimite must be at least about 10 weight percent with respect to the plate product. Should the dolomite content exceed about 50 weight percent, the plate strength properties will decrease. Accordingly, we have found that the dolomite content in a finished construction plate should be between 10 and 50 weight percent with respect to the amount of calcined plaster, whereas the amount of plaster constitutes the remaining 75 to 35 weight percent.
  • dolomite constitutes 20 weight percent, whereas the plaster content constitutes about 65 weight percent, the remaining comprising substantially fibers.
  • the construction element according to the invention is homogenous in the sense of being uniformly distributed with respect to each other.
  • crude plaster (CaSO 4 -2H 2 O) and crude dolomite, substantially CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 are treated in a mill, in which the components are mixed and ground to form a powdery mass.
  • the dolomite particle size should be as small as possible to provide the best possible dispersion of the mineral in the finished plate. In practice, we have found that a suitable particle size is about 20 ⁇ m or less, and a particle size of about 10 ⁇ m is preferred, but the invention is not dependent on such particle sizes. However, should the dolomite particles become too large, there may be a risk of the construction element having a coarse grained surface on the construction element, whereupon both fire protection and strength properties are decreased.
  • the basic rule is: the less dolomite particle size, the better strength properties.
  • the mixing step described above thorougly.
  • the mixture of plaster and dolomite is then transported to a calcination unit having a temperature of about 150 °C.
  • the di-hydrate is converted to semi hydrate, i.e. the amount of crystal water is decreased from 20% to about 5%.
  • the dolomite does not become calcined, but any humidity present is removed.
  • This treatment is performed to put the plaster in a condition to better bind water in a later process step. Water and wood fiber in a desired amount is then added to the calcined powdery mixture comprising plaster and dolomite.
  • the amount of water added should theoretically be 15% of the plaster mass to form plaster di-hydrate, but a certain excess of water must be added to fulfil the formation of di-hydrate.
  • the mixture is then spread upon a steel plate, which is inserted in a press.
  • the pressed plate is thereafter dried to a resultant water content of 1-2 weight%.
  • the mixture is preferably provided with a retarder, e.g. amphotheric surfactants, to retard the curing of the plaster, whereupon the surfactants prevent the water from binding to the plaster, resulting in a prolonged formation of the di- ⁇ hydrate.
  • Retardan a calcium salt of an amino acid, is a preferred retarder that is added to the water in an amount of about 0.09 weight percent with respect to the - plaster mass.
  • Corresponding methods of production can also be used for the production of other elements, as examplified above, but in which the pressing step is selected dependent on the end requirements.
  • the plaster will react immediately, and the curing will occur prior to the mass leaving the mixing unit.
  • Dolomite will serve as an accellerator for the plaster. Accordingly, it is necessary to increase the amount of retarder when adding dolomite.
  • Crude plaster can also serve as an accellerator in the process, which is used in the plaster cardboard industry.
  • Other retarders can theoretically be used, such as tri-natrium citrate, but they will after a certain period of time precipitate as salts at the plate surface as long as the plate is not covered with cardboard.
  • Tables 1 and 2 illustrate typical mutual mixing quantities and composition of ordinary plaster/wood fiber plates of similar type with added dolomite.
  • Table 1 Composition of ordinary plates and plates comprising 10% dolomite
  • a mixture of 1145 kg will result in about 0.7 m 3 net plate, whereas a mixture of 1106 kg will result in about 0.5 m 3 net plate.
  • the brucite component starts emitting carbon dioxide, in a total quantity of 0.62 kg.
  • the calcite component will emit a total of 1.89 kg carbon dioxide gas.
  • construction elements according to the present invention exhibit a total of four active fire retarding phases, of which two are water evaporation phases and two are CO ⁇ evaporation phases, which is contrary to ordinary elements of plaster and wood fiber which exhibit only one such phase.
  • the quantity of CO 2 emitted will naturally correspondingly increase if the dolomite content in the construction element is increased.
  • This example illustrates the improved strength properties achieved in a plate comprising plaster and wood fiber by the addition of dolomite.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

Elément de construction du type en plâtre/fibres de bois présentant d'excellentes caractéristiques de résistance et d'ignifugation. Il est caractérisé par l'adjonction d'une dolomite minérale constituant de 10 à 50 % en poids du poids global de l'élément de construction, le solde étant constitué de 15 à 21 % en poids de fibres anhydres de bois par rapport au poids global du plâtre calciné, et de plâtre, le minéral étant réparti de manière homogène dans les constituants restants de l'élément de construction. Les constituants carbonate et hydroxy de la dolomite dégagent du gaz carbonique et de la vapeur d'eau lorsqu'on les chauffe, ceux-ci venant s'ajouter à la vapeur d'eau dégagée par l'eau de cristaux de plâtre. Ceci empêche les flammes de s'étendre davantage et éteint entièrement l'incendie.
PCT/NO1992/000178 1991-11-01 1992-10-27 Element de construction ignifuge Ceased WO1993009066A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO941598A NO177385C (no) 1991-11-01 1994-04-29 Brannhemmende bygningselement

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO914285 1991-11-01
NO914285A NO914285D0 (no) 1991-11-01 1991-11-01 Brannhemmende bygningsplate

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993009066A1 true WO1993009066A1 (fr) 1993-05-13

Family

ID=19894573

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NO1992/000178 Ceased WO1993009066A1 (fr) 1991-11-01 1992-10-27 Element de construction ignifuge

Country Status (2)

Country Link
NO (1) NO914285D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993009066A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4443761A1 (de) * 1994-12-08 1996-06-13 Schueco Int Kg Wärmebindendes Bauteil für den Innen- und Außenausbau in Brandschutzausführung
WO2000047536A1 (fr) * 1999-02-12 2000-08-17 Lafarge Platres Element de construction prefabrique a base de platre, presentant une resistance a l'eau
WO2000047535A1 (fr) * 1999-02-12 2000-08-17 Lafarge Platres Element de construction prefabrique a base de platre, et en particulier plaque a base de platre, presentant une resistance au feu amelioree
WO2002006180A1 (fr) * 2000-07-18 2002-01-24 Lafarge Platres Composition pour plaque de platre preparation de cette composition et fabrication de plaques de platre
CN109694229A (zh) * 2019-01-25 2019-04-30 山东源根化学技术研发有限公司 一种白云石复合建筑废料建筑板材的制备方法
CN112624718A (zh) * 2020-12-22 2021-04-09 河南中柏防火涂料科技有限公司 一种便于一次喷涂成型的石膏基复合材料及其施工方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3508933A1 (de) * 1985-03-13 1986-10-09 Gebr. Knauf Westdeutsche Gipswerke, 8715 Iphofen Nichtbrennbare gipsbauplatte mit glasfaserlage
DE3135865C2 (fr) * 1981-09-10 1988-12-29 Rigips Gmbh, 3452 Bodenwerder, De

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3135865C2 (fr) * 1981-09-10 1988-12-29 Rigips Gmbh, 3452 Bodenwerder, De
DE3508933A1 (de) * 1985-03-13 1986-10-09 Gebr. Knauf Westdeutsche Gipswerke, 8715 Iphofen Nichtbrennbare gipsbauplatte mit glasfaserlage

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4443761A1 (de) * 1994-12-08 1996-06-13 Schueco Int Kg Wärmebindendes Bauteil für den Innen- und Außenausbau in Brandschutzausführung
WO2000047536A1 (fr) * 1999-02-12 2000-08-17 Lafarge Platres Element de construction prefabrique a base de platre, presentant une resistance a l'eau
WO2000047535A1 (fr) * 1999-02-12 2000-08-17 Lafarge Platres Element de construction prefabrique a base de platre, et en particulier plaque a base de platre, presentant une resistance au feu amelioree
FR2789679A1 (fr) * 1999-02-12 2000-08-18 Lafarge Platres Element de construction prefabrique a base de platre, presentant une resistance a l'eau
FR2789677A1 (fr) * 1999-02-12 2000-08-18 Lafarge Platres Element de construction prefabrique a base de platre, et en particulier plaque a base de platre, presentant une resistance au feu amelioree
US6569541B1 (en) 1999-02-12 2003-05-27 Lafarge Platres Plaster-based prefabricated structural element exhibiting water resistance
AU770927B2 (en) * 1999-02-12 2004-03-11 Lafarge Platres Plaster-based prefabricated construction element, especially a plaster-based slab, with increased fire resistance
WO2002006180A1 (fr) * 2000-07-18 2002-01-24 Lafarge Platres Composition pour plaque de platre preparation de cette composition et fabrication de plaques de platre
FR2811980A1 (fr) * 2000-07-18 2002-01-25 Lafarge Platres Composition pour plaque de platre, preparation de cette composition et fabrication de plaques de platre
CN109694229A (zh) * 2019-01-25 2019-04-30 山东源根化学技术研发有限公司 一种白云石复合建筑废料建筑板材的制备方法
CN109694229B (zh) * 2019-01-25 2021-11-05 山东源根化学技术研发有限公司 一种白云石复合建筑废料建筑板材的制备方法
CN112624718A (zh) * 2020-12-22 2021-04-09 河南中柏防火涂料科技有限公司 一种便于一次喷涂成型的石膏基复合材料及其施工方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO914285D0 (no) 1991-11-01

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