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WO1993003834A1 - Processing moist granules with electromagnetic waves - Google Patents

Processing moist granules with electromagnetic waves Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993003834A1
WO1993003834A1 PCT/DE1991/000662 DE9100662W WO9303834A1 WO 1993003834 A1 WO1993003834 A1 WO 1993003834A1 DE 9100662 W DE9100662 W DE 9100662W WO 9303834 A1 WO9303834 A1 WO 9303834A1
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point
masses
treatment
process according
electromagnetic waves
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hubert Baier
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
    • B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
    • B01J19/126—Microwaves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
    • F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
    • F26B3/347—Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy

Definitions

  • Microwaves are high-frequency waves in the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths of the order of 10 _1 - 10 _4 m and frequencies of approx. 1000 MHz - 3000 GHz. They are generated by special transmitters (magnetron) and generally arrive in so-called; Microwave devices, for example in the household, for use.
  • dipolar molecules are in a liquid (eg water), in a relation to each other, then these molecules also start to vibrate under the influence of the external electromagnetic vibration. This corresponds to the energy input., Which is necessary to heat the W r ater to the required boiling or evaporation temperature, the water molecules dissolve from their relative association and individually swing, they ie occur in the gas phase (steam) above, which is generally understood as evaporation.
  • a liquid eg water
  • the invention encompasses the following novel areas of application:
  • the electromagnetic waves become the pre. Main and / or post-drying of compositions with surface-bound solvents is used.
  • the advantages here are that the microwave penetrates all solid, non-water-containing, non-electrically conductive and / or non-metallic materials and that the solvent can dissolve out of the pore spaces of the masses.
  • the treatment can be optimally modulated in a computer-controlled manner by changing the intensity, frequency and wavelength or by adjusting the dwell time.
  • the energy required to remove the solvent from the pores quickly and efficiently from the material within a few seconds (depending on the humidity, degree of absorption and behavior of the mass and transmitting power of the magnetron) can thus be metered in in a targeted manner.
  • a residual moisture content of the quartz sand mass is required in the hollow glass industry, which has hitherto only been achieved by fossil or electrically heated fluidized bed or rotary tube dryers.
  • Sludges. Pastes. Pigments or other mass-produced products, the manufacture or prefabrication of which previously required wet processes or were thus wet or moist (such as tablets, detergents, drying gels, fertilizer granules, food powders, sewage sludge pastes etc.) or moisture-sensitive products can use this to save time, space and energy-saving processes are brought to a residual moisture content of approx. 0.1% by weight and can thus be further processed. 2.
  • molecules in the structures of solid or liquid substances can also be excited to vibrate and cause these structures to collapse.
  • substances with chemically bound water such as salt hydrates. Acetic acid or the like
  • hygroscopic salts such as chlorides, sulfates or thiosulfates. Carbonates etc.
  • single-grain surfaces are desorbed, dehydrated, with elimination of water. or can be converted into anhydrides.
  • hydrophilic gels such as, for example, silica, silica gel, iron hydroxide
  • hydrophilic gels such as, for example, silica, silica gel, iron hydroxide
  • Substances with crystal water are also converted to technically usable hemihydrates or anhydrides: it is the current state of the art in gypsum treatment.
  • natural or synthetic gypsum CaSO ⁇ T2H2 ⁇
  • CaS0 4 ⁇ H2 ⁇ ß-hemihydrate
  • AI - AIII CaS0
  • Liquids or substances can be distilled, thermally broken down and cracked or cracked by microwave radiation.
  • the purifying separation of mixtures by distillation has been known for ages and is nowadays partially carried out using "modern" electrically heated apparatus or using IR lamps.
  • the use of electromagnetic distillation offers the possibility of a more efficient use of the available energy.
  • installed computer-controlled magnetrons in distillation columns have a direct influence on the quality of the product, so that, depending on the energy and output, all stages of thermal separation up to chemical cracking of organic and inorganic compounds are possible.
  • various mixtures water HCl.
  • Thermal reactions can be induced by microwave radiation.
  • reactive liquids are applied in such a way that they disintegrate through thermal treatment and thereby cause a uniform coating of the support.
  • photoactive, anti-reflective. reflective or any other similar treatment to be applied.
  • electromagnetic glass treatment has succeeded in mirroring a glass treated with a sulfito-argentate solution.
  • the process can be integrated into running processes to save space.
  • the process can be used in an environmentally friendly and energy-saving manner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

Processing with electromagnetic waves allows surface-bound organic and/or anorganic solvents to be removed during running processes.

Description

Behandlung von feuchten Gekδrnen durch elektromagnetische Wellen Treatment of damp granules by electromagnetic waves

a) Beschreibung mit Bezeichnung der Erfindunga) Description with description of the invention

Mikrowellen zählen im elektromagnetischen Spektrum zu den hochfrequenten Wellen mit Wellenlängen in der Größenordnung von 10_1 - 10_4m und Frequenzen von ca. 1000 MHz - 3000 GHz. Sie werden von speziellen Sendern (Magnetron) erzeugt und gelangen gemeinhin in sogenannter; Mikrowellengeräten, z.B. im Haushalt, zur Anwendung.Microwaves are high-frequency waves in the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths of the order of 10 _1 - 10 _4 m and frequencies of approx. 1000 MHz - 3000 GHz. They are generated by special transmitters (magnetron) and generally arrive in so-called; Microwave devices, for example in the household, for use.

Die Physik definiert >Wärme< als ungeordnete thermische Schwin¬ gung von Molekülen, Ionen, Atomen oder Elementarteilchen. Das Prinzip der Anwendung dieser elektromagnetischen Wellen basiert nun auf der Anre¬ gung zur Schwingung der genannten Teilchen, d.h. die Frequenz der Mikro- welle entspricht der Eigen- bzw. Resonanzfrequenz der Moleküle in der zu behandelnden Masse.Physics defines> heat <as a disordered thermal vibration of molecules, ions, atoms or elementary particles. The principle of the use of these electromagnetic waves is now based on the excitation to vibrate the particles mentioned, i.e. the frequency of the microwave corresponds to the natural or resonance frequency of the molecules in the mass to be treated.

Befinden sich dipolare Moleküle in einer Flüssigkeit (z.B. Wasser), in einem relativen Verband zueinander, so beginnen diese Moleküle unter Einfluß der von außen angelegten elektromagnetischen Fremdschwingung ebenfalls an zu schwingen. Dies entspricht der Energiezufuhr., die nötig ist, das Wrasser auf die nötige Siede-, bzw. Verdampfungstemperatur zu erhitzen, wobei sich die Wassermoleküle aus ihrem Relativverband lösen und einzeln schwingen, d.h. sie treten in die Gasphase (Dampf) über, was i.a. als Verdunstung verstanden wird.If dipolar molecules are in a liquid (eg water), in a relation to each other, then these molecules also start to vibrate under the influence of the external electromagnetic vibration. This corresponds to the energy input., Which is necessary to heat the W r ater to the required boiling or evaporation temperature, the water molecules dissolve from their relative association and individually swing, they ie occur in the gas phase (steam) above, which is generally understood as evaporation.

Es ist allgemein bekannt, daß Aggregate, die zur thermischen Behandlung indirekt über fossile Brennstoffe oder elektrische Energie beheizt werden, selten eine hohe Energieausbeute aufzeigen. Während bei konventioneller Beheizung die Energieverluste über thermische Widerstände der Heizwick¬ lungen oder unkontrollierte Wärmestrahlung groß sind, ist es bei diesem Verfahren der elektromagnetischen Behandlung möglich. z.B. in Autoklaven. Öfen. Mahlanlagen, Transportbändern odgl. durch direkte elektro¬ magnetische Bestrahlung und oder gleichzeitiger Anregung von Heizfläche; für die nötigen Temperaturen zu sorgen. Im Gegensatz zu den klassischen Verfahren (Druckautoklaven. Kalzinatoren oder Brennöfen) wird hierbei die notwendige kinetische Energie nicht über thermische Verfahren zugeführt, sondern direkt durch den Einsatz elektromagnetischer Wellen induziert. Somit ist dies Verfahren der direkten verlustfreien elektromagnetischen Bestrahlung umweltschonend, energie-. zeit- und platzsparend einsetzbar.It is generally known that units which are heated indirectly for thermal treatment via fossil fuels or electrical energy rarely show a high energy yield. While in conventional heating the energy losses via thermal resistances of the heating windings or uncontrolled heat radiation are large, this method of electromagnetic treatment is possible. eg in autoclaves. Ovens. Grinding plants, conveyor belts or the like by direct electromagnetic radiation and or simultaneous excitation of the heating surface; to provide the necessary temperatures. In contrast to the classic processes (pressure autoclaves, calciners or kilns), the necessary kinetic energy is not supplied via thermal processes, but is directly induced by the use of electromagnetic waves. Thus, this method of direct lossless electromagnetic radiation is environmentally friendly, energy. time and space saving.

Die Erfindung umfaßt folgende neuartigen Anwendungsbereiche:The invention encompasses the following novel areas of application:

1. Die elektromagnetischen Wellen werden zur Vor-. Haupt- und/oder Nachtrocknung von Massen mit oberflächengebundeπen Lösungs¬ mitteln verwendet. Hierbei sind die Vorteile darin zu sehen, daß die Mikrowelle alle festen, nicht wasserhaltigen, nicht elektrisch leitenden und-'oder nicht metallischen Materialien durchdringt und das Lösungsmittel aus den Porenräumen der Massen heraus¬ zulösen vermag. Je nach Material und Dimension der Massen kann die Behandlung durch Intensitäts-, Frequenz- und Wellenlängenänderung oder Anpassung der Verweilzeit computer¬ gesteuert optimal moduliert werden. Es kann so gezielt die Energie zudosiert werden, die nötig ist, dem Material binnen weniger Sekunden (je nach Feuchte. Absorptionsgrad und Ver¬ halten der Masse und Sendeleistung des Magnetrons) das Lösungsmittel aus den Poren schnell und effizient zu entziehen. Z.B. wird in der Hohlglasindustrie eine Restfeuchte der Quarz¬ sandmasse verlangt, die bisher nur durch fossil oder elektrisch beheizte Wirbelschicht- oder Drehrohrtrockner erzielt wird. Gra¬ nalien, Pellets. Preßlinge. Sinterkörper oder andere keramische Massen. Schlämme. Pasten. Pigmente oder andere Massenprodukte, deren Herstellung oder auch Vorfabrikation zuvor Naßprozesse bedurften oder dadurch naß oder feucht anfielen (wie z.B. Tabletten. Waschmittel. Trocknungsgele. Düngergranulate, Lebensmittelpulver. Klärschlammpasten etc.) oder feuchtig¬ keitsempfindliche Produkte können mit diesem zeit-, platz- und energiesparenden Verfahren auf Restfeuchtegehalte von ca. 0.1 Gew.-°o gebracht und somit weiterverarbeitet werden. 2. Moleküle können, je nach Bindungsgrad und Frequenz, Intensität und Wellenlänge des Senders, in den Strukturen fester oder auch flüssiger Substanzen ebenfalls zu Schwingungen angeregt werden und diese Strukturen kollabieren lassen. Dies bedeutet, daß auch Substanzen mit chemisch gebundenem Wasser (wie z.B. Salzhy¬ drate. Essigsäure odgl.) oder hygroskopische Salze (wie z.B. Chloride, Sulfate oder Thiosulfate. Karbonate etc.) oder einst¬ körnige Oberflächen unter Wasserabspaltung desorbiert, dehy¬ driert, bzw. in Anhydride umgewandelt werden können . Durch diesen Wasserentzug bedingt koagulieren auch hydrophile Gele (wie z.B. Kieselsäure, Silicagel, Eisenhydroxid) oder können somit einem künstlichen Alterungsprozeß zur Vergrößerung der Partikel unterzogen werden. Ebenfalls werden Substanzen mit Kristall - wasser (wie sie beispielsweise Natrium-. Kalium-. Magnesium-, Eisen-, Kupfer- oder Calciumsalze darstellen) zu technisch ver¬ wertbaren Halbhydraten oder Anhydriden umgesetzt: Bisheriger Stand der Technik bei der Gipsbehandlung ist es. daß natürlicher oder synthetisch anfallender Gips (CaSO<T2H2θ) durch thermische Behandlung in Kalzinatoren oder Autoklaven in die entsprechend verwertbaren Produkte (σ-, ß-Halbhydrat (CaS04ΗH2θ) oder Anhydrit (sog. AI - AIII (CaS0 )) umgewandelt wird. Dazu wurde bisher die benötigte Energie in Form von aufgeheizter trockener und/oder feuchter Luft, die durch fossile Brennstoffe oder andere Rohstoffe erzeugt wurde, zugeführt. In Experimenten konnte belegt werden, daß mit 600 W s^Mol-1 Leistung bei einer Wel¬ lenlänge von 12,2 cm, 2500 MHz und einer Schichtdicke von 0,5 cm nach 145 s der Energiebedarf gedeckt wird, der benötigt wird, Gips in ß-Halbhydrat, bzw. bei entsprechend längerer Bestrah¬ lung in Anhydrit umzuwandeln.1. The electromagnetic waves become the pre. Main and / or post-drying of compositions with surface-bound solvents is used. The advantages here are that the microwave penetrates all solid, non-water-containing, non-electrically conductive and / or non-metallic materials and that the solvent can dissolve out of the pore spaces of the masses. Depending on the material and dimension of the masses, the treatment can be optimally modulated in a computer-controlled manner by changing the intensity, frequency and wavelength or by adjusting the dwell time. The energy required to remove the solvent from the pores quickly and efficiently from the material within a few seconds (depending on the humidity, degree of absorption and behavior of the mass and transmitting power of the magnetron) can thus be metered in in a targeted manner. For example, a residual moisture content of the quartz sand mass is required in the hollow glass industry, which has hitherto only been achieved by fossil or electrically heated fluidized bed or rotary tube dryers. Gra¬ nalia, pellets. Compacts. Sintered body or other ceramic masses. Sludges. Pastes. Pigments or other mass-produced products, the manufacture or prefabrication of which previously required wet processes or were thus wet or moist (such as tablets, detergents, drying gels, fertilizer granules, food powders, sewage sludge pastes etc.) or moisture-sensitive products can use this to save time, space and energy-saving processes are brought to a residual moisture content of approx. 0.1% by weight and can thus be further processed. 2. Depending on the degree of binding and frequency, intensity and wavelength of the transmitter, molecules in the structures of solid or liquid substances can also be excited to vibrate and cause these structures to collapse. This means that substances with chemically bound water (such as salt hydrates. Acetic acid or the like) or hygroscopic salts (such as chlorides, sulfates or thiosulfates. Carbonates etc.) or single-grain surfaces are desorbed, dehydrated, with elimination of water. or can be converted into anhydrides. As a result of this water removal, hydrophilic gels (such as, for example, silica, silica gel, iron hydroxide) also coagulate or can therefore be subjected to an artificial aging process to enlarge the particles. Substances with crystal water (such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron, copper or calcium salts) are also converted to technically usable hemihydrates or anhydrides: it is the current state of the art in gypsum treatment. that natural or synthetic gypsum (CaSO <T2H2θ) is converted into the correspondingly usable products (σ-, ß-hemihydrate (CaS0 4 ΗH2θ) or anhydrite (so-called AI - AIII (CaS0)) by thermal treatment in calcinators or autoclaves. Up to now, the required energy in the form of heated dry and / or humid air, which was generated by fossil fuels or other raw materials, was supplied in. Experiments have shown that with 600 W s ^ mol -1 power at a wavelength of 12.2 cm, 2500 MHz and a layer thickness of 0.5 cm after 145 s the energy requirement is met which is required to convert gypsum into β-hemihydrate or, if the radiation has been correspondingly longer, into anhydrite.

, Durch Mikrowellenbestrahlung können Flüssigkeiten oder Substanzen destilliert, thermisch zerlegt und- oder gecrackt werden. Die rei¬ nigende Trennung von Gemischen durch Destillation ist seit Alters her bekannt und wird heute teilweise durch "moderne" elektrisch beheizte Apparaturen oder unter Verwendung von IR- Lampen durchgeführt. Die Anwendung der elektromagnetischen Destillation bietet dabei die Möglichkeit einer effizienteren An¬ wendung der zur Verfügung stehenden Energie. So können insitu- installierte computergesteuerte Magnetrons in Destillationsko¬ lonnen direkt auf die Qualität des Produktes Einfluß nehmen, so daß je nach Energie und Leistung alle Stufen der thermischen Trennung bis zum chemischen Cracken von organischen und anorganischen Verbindungen möglich sind. In Experimenten konnte anhand verschiedener Gemische (Wasser HCl.Liquids or substances can be distilled, thermally broken down and cracked or cracked by microwave radiation. The purifying separation of mixtures by distillation has been known for ages and is nowadays partially carried out using "modern" electrically heated apparatus or using IR lamps. The use of electromagnetic distillation offers the possibility of a more efficient use of the available energy. In this way, installed computer-controlled magnetrons in distillation columns have a direct influence on the quality of the product, so that, depending on the energy and output, all stages of thermal separation up to chemical cracking of organic and inorganic compounds are possible. In experiments, various mixtures (water HCl.

Wasser- Alkohol) die Destillation nachvollzogen werden.Water-alcohol) the distillation can be followed.

4. Durch Mikrowellenbestrahlung können thermische Reaktionen induziert v/erden. Teilweise werden reaktive Flüssigkeiten so aufgetragen, daß sie durch thermische Behandlung zerfallen und dabei eine gleichmäßige Beschichtung des Trägers hervorrufen. Auf diese Art können z.B. fotoaktive, antireflektierende. spiegelnde oder jede ähnlich zu behandelnde Beschichtungen aufgetragen werden. Z.B. ist es in Experimenten gelungen durch elektromagnetische Mikro¬ wellenbehandlung ein mit einer Sulfito-argentatlösung behandel¬ tes Glas zu λ'erspiegeln.4. Thermal reactions can be induced by microwave radiation. In some cases, reactive liquids are applied in such a way that they disintegrate through thermal treatment and thereby cause a uniform coating of the support. In this way e.g. photoactive, anti-reflective. reflective or any other similar treatment to be applied. For example, In experiments, electromagnetic glass treatment has succeeded in mirroring a glass treated with a sulfito-argentate solution.

Die Vorteile dieses Verfahrens sind:The advantages of this procedure are:

1. Das Verfahren kann platzsparend in laufende Prozesse integrieren werden.1. The process can be integrated into running processes to save space.

2. Durch die kurze intensive Behandlung durch die Mikrowelle sind höhere und kontinuierliche Prozeßdurchläufe möglich.2. The short intensive treatment by the microwave allows higher and continuous process runs.

3. Der geringe ümsetzungsgrad der thermischen Energie entfällt durch direkte Induktion durch die Mikrowelle, wodurch die Anwendung von Autoklaven, Kalzinatoren odgl. entfällt.3. The low degree of conversion of thermal energy is eliminated by direct induction by the microwave, which means that the use of autoclaves, calciners or the like. not applicable.

4. Das Verfahren ist umweltschonend und energiesparend einsetzbar.4. The process can be used in an environmentally friendly and energy-saving manner.

ERSATZBLATT REPLACEMENT LEAF

Claims

b) Patentansprüche b) Patent claims 1. Verfahren der Behandlung durch elektromagnetische Wellen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es energie-, zeit- und platzsparend sowie umweltschonend zur Entfernung von oberflächen-gebundenen organischen und/oder anorganischen Lösungsmitteln in laufende Prozesse integriert wird.1. Process of treatment by electromagnetic waves, characterized in that it is integrated into ongoing processes in an energy-, time- and space-saving and environmentally friendly manner for the removal of surface-bound organic and/or inorganic solvents. 2. Verfahren der Behandlung durch elektromagnetische Wellen nach Punkt2. Methods of treatment by electromagnetic waves according to point 1.. dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Behandlung der Massen je nach Beschaffenheit, Zusammensetzung und Dimension com¬ putergesteuert optimal nach Wellenlänge, Frequenz, Intensität und Verweilzeit angepaßt wird.1.. characterized in that the treatment of the masses is optimally adapted to wavelength, frequency, intensity and residence time under computer control, depending on the nature, composition and dimensions. 3. Verfahren nach Punkt 2.. dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zur Behand¬ lung von nassen und/oder feuchten Massen, Schlämmen, Pasten. Pellets, Preßlingen, Granalien. Sinterkörpern., keramischen Massen, Pigmenten oder Massenprodukten aus naßtechnischer und/oder feuchter Produktion oder feuchtigkeitsempfindlicher Produkte angewandt wird.3. Process according to point 2, characterized in that it is used for the treatment of wet and/or moist masses, sludges, pastes. Pellets, compacts, granules. Sintered bodies, ceramic masses, pigments or mass products from wet and/or moist production or moisture-sensitive products is used. 4. Verfahren der Behandlung durch elektromagnetische Wellen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es energie-, zeit- und platzsparend sowie umweltschonend zur Entfernung von chemisch-gebundenem organischen und/oder anorganischen Molekülen in laufende Prozesse integriert wird.4. Process of treatment by electromagnetic waves, characterized in that it is integrated into ongoing processes in an energy-, time- and space-saving and environmentally friendly manner for the removal of chemically bound organic and/or inorganic molecules. 5. Verfahren nach Punkt 4. dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Behandlung der Massen je nach Beschaffenheit. Zusammensetzung und Dimen¬ sion computergesteuert optimal nach Wellenlänge, Frequenz, Intensität und Verweilzeit angepaßt wird.5. Process according to point 4, characterized in that the treatment of the masses depends on their properties. Composition and dimension are optimally adjusted by computer control according to wavelength, frequency, intensity and residence time. 6. Verfahren nach Punkt 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Massen und/oder6. Method according to point 5, characterized in that masses and/or Oberflächen zum Zwecke der schrittweisen und/oder vollständigen Desorption behandelt werden.Surfaces are treated for the purpose of gradual and/or complete desorption. 7. Verfahren nach Punkt 6. dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß hydrophile Massen zur Koagulierung gebracht werden.7. Process according to point 6, characterized in that hydrophilic masses are caused to coagulate. 8. Verfahren nach Punkt 5. dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zum Zwecke der gesteuerten Beeinflussung Massen und-Oder Oberflächen behandelt werden.8. Method according to point 5, characterized in that masses and/or surfaces are treated for the purpose of controlled influencing. 9. Verfahren nach Punkt 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß fein-, bzw. feinstkristalline Massen und 'oder Oberflächen künstlich zur Alterung gebracht werden. 9. Process according to point 8, characterized in that fine or very finely crystalline masses and surfaces are artificially aged. 10. Verfahren nach Punkt 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Massen zum10. Method according to point 8, characterized in that masses for Zwecke der Herstellung von sehr feinkörnigen Pulvern während der Kristallisation behandelt werden.Purposes of producing very fine-grained powders are treated during crystallization. 11. Verfahren nach Punkt 5. dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Massen zum11. Method according to point 5, characterized in that masses for Zwecke der schrittweisen und- oder vollständigen Dehydrierung behandelt werden.Purposes of gradual and/or complete dehydration. 12. Verfahren nach Punkt 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß natürliche und/oder synthetische, organische und/oder anorganische was¬ serhaltige Substanzen in technisch verwertbare Halbhydrate umgesetzt werden.12. Process according to point 5, characterized in that natural and/or synthetic, organic and/or inorganic water-containing substances are converted into technically usable hemihydrates. 13. Verfahren nach Punkt 5. dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß natürliche und 'oder synthetische, organische und 'Oder anorganische was¬ serhaltige Substanzen in technisch verwertbare Anhydride umge¬ setzt werden.13. Process according to point 5, characterized in that natural and 'or synthetic, organic and 'or inorganic water-containing substances are converted into industrially usable anhydrides. 14. Verfahren der Behandlung durch elektromagnetische Wellen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es energie-. zeit- und platzsparend sowie umweltschonend zur Destillation von organischen und/oder anorganischen Substanzen in laufende Prozesse integriert wird.14. Process of treatment by electromagnetic waves, characterized in that it is energy-. is integrated into ongoing processes in a time- and space-saving and environmentally friendly manner for the distillation of organic and/or inorganic substances. 15. Verfahren nach Punkt 14., dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Behandlung der Massen je nach Beschaffenheit, Zusammensetzung und Dimen¬ sion computergesteuert optimal nach Wellenlänge. Frequenz, Intensität und Verweilzeit angepaßt wird.15. Process according to point 14, characterized in that the treatment of the masses is computer-controlled, optimally depending on the nature, composition and dimension according to wavelength. Frequency, intensity and dwell time is adjusted. 16. Verfahren nach Punkt 15.. dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß organische und oder anorganische, feste, flüssige oder gasförmige Substanzen nach ihrer thermischen Beständigkeit getrennt und/oder zerstört werden,16. Process according to point 15, characterized in that organic and/or inorganic, solid, liquid or gaseous substances are separated and/or destroyed according to their thermal resistance, 17. Verfahren der Behandlung durch elektromagnetische Wellen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es energie-, zeit- und platzsparend sowie umweltschonend zur thermischen Behandlung von Oberflächen durch organische und 'Oder anorganische Substanzen in laufende Prozesse integriert wird.17. Process of treatment by electromagnetic waves, characterized in that it is energy-, time- and space-saving and environmentally friendly for the thermal treatment of surfaces using organic and 'or inorganic substances' is integrated into ongoing processes. 18. λ'erfahren nach Punkt 17., dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Behandlung der Massen je nach Beschaffenheit. Zusammensetzung und Dimen¬ sion computergesteuert optimal nach Wellenlänge. Frequenz, Intensität und Verweilzeit angepaßt wird.18. λ'experienced according to point 17., characterized in that the treatment of the masses depends on their properties. Composition and dimension computer-controlled optimally according to wavelength. Frequency, intensity and dwell time is adjusted. 19. Verfahren nach Punkt 18. dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Massen und 'oder Oberflächen durch thermische Anregung beschichtet werden. 19. Process according to point 18, characterized in that masses and surfaces are coated by thermal excitation.
PCT/DE1991/000662 1991-08-20 1991-08-20 Processing moist granules with electromagnetic waves Ceased WO1993003834A1 (en)

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EP1327844A3 (en) * 2002-01-10 2006-05-17 DCT Dry Control Technologies GmbH &amp; Co. KG Process and apparatus for treating a substrate and/or a coating material on a substrate

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DE3418101A1 (en) * 1984-05-16 1985-12-12 UWE Gesellschaft für Innovationen und Umwelttechnologien mbH, 6101 Roßdorf Process for the treatment of water-containing substances and apparatus for carrying out the process
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1327844A3 (en) * 2002-01-10 2006-05-17 DCT Dry Control Technologies GmbH &amp; Co. KG Process and apparatus for treating a substrate and/or a coating material on a substrate
WO2004052784A3 (en) * 2002-12-11 2004-11-18 Solvay Soda Deutschland Gmbh Ultra-dry calcium carbonate
CN100448777C (en) * 2002-12-11 2009-01-07 索尔维化学有限公司 Super Dry Calcium Carbonate
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