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WO1993003234A1 - Element de construction et procede de fabrication de cet element - Google Patents

Element de construction et procede de fabrication de cet element Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993003234A1
WO1993003234A1 PCT/DK1992/000237 DK9200237W WO9303234A1 WO 1993003234 A1 WO1993003234 A1 WO 1993003234A1 DK 9200237 W DK9200237 W DK 9200237W WO 9303234 A1 WO9303234 A1 WO 9303234A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mixture
cement
water
pipe
powder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DK1992/000237
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Thorkild Bach
Knud Lund Eriksen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LUND ERIKSEN CONSULT APS
Original Assignee
LUND ERIKSEN CONSULT APS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LUND ERIKSEN CONSULT APS filed Critical LUND ERIKSEN CONSULT APS
Publication of WO1993003234A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993003234A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators or shrinkage compensating agents
    • C04B22/02—Elements
    • C04B22/04—Metals, e.g. aluminium used as blowing agent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L59/143—Pre-insulated pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
    • C04B2111/00068—Mortar or concrete mixtures with an unusual water/cement ratio
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/56—Compositions suited for fabrication of pipes, e.g. by centrifugal casting, or for coating concrete pipes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of preparing elements comprising a foamed cementitious insulating layer wherein a mixture of cement, water and a foaming agent is introduced into a space between at least two boundaries and the mixture is caused to foam and to set.
  • SE,B,436,506 discloses a method of preparing a pre-manufactured building element consisting of two thin metal plates separated by an insulating layer made of foamed concrete.
  • water, cement and one component of a two-component foaming agent are mixed and subsequently the mixture is vigorously stirred.
  • the other component of the two-component foaming agent is then added during stirring and simultaneous introduction of air, and the mixture thus formed is pumped into the space between two metal plates arranged parallel to each other and suitably spaced.
  • DE,C,875,402 also discloses a method of preparing a building element comprising two facing sheets and an intervening insulating layer of ligth concrete.
  • the insulating layer is prepared by pouring the concrete into the space between said sheets.
  • the prior art methods present the advantage that the insulating layer binds strongly to the sheets which define the moulding cavi ⁇ ties.
  • the prior art methods of the above type suffer from the drawback that the setting of the cementitious mixture occurs after the termination of the foaming process and after the foam has begun collapsing. Consequently, the insulating layer does not optain optimum density and hence not maximum insulating characteristics, and a desired filling of the space between the boundaries is not obtained.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method of the above mentioned type which ensures that the setting of the foamed cementitious mixture takes place when the foaming is at its maximum and that the space is completely filled.
  • this is obtained by using a foamable cementitious mixture which based on the weight of cement contains 70-80% by weight of water, 0.15-0.5% by weight of a foaming agent and 4-6% by weight of a setting controlling agent in the form of one ' or more calcium aluminates.
  • DE,A1,3041901 discloses a method of preparing micro-porous refrac ⁇ tory building materials.
  • air is stirred into a mixture of cement, such as calcium aluminate cement, a particul te aggregate and a foaming agent, such as water-soluble casein, and optionally alkali polyphosphates for changing the setting rate.
  • cement such as calcium aluminate cement
  • particul te aggregate such as calcium aluminate cement
  • a foaming agent such as water-soluble casein
  • optionally alkali polyphosphates for changing the setting rate.
  • the cement component of the above mixture preferably comprises Portland Cement and, in case aluminium powder is used as the foaming agent, Portland Cement to which an al aline material has been added, which alkaline material by reacting with the Al-powder generates of hydrogen.
  • Filter dust is preferably used as the alkaline material and in particular filter dust formed by purification of flue gas from cement kilns.
  • the cement mixture may contain various additives, such as additives of the pozzolan type, e.g. fly-ash, slag, micro- silica, gypsum and chalk.
  • foaming agents such as cellulose derivatives, polyethylenes, polypropy- lenes.
  • suitable cellulose derivatives are carboxymeth- ylcelluloses, hydroxyethylcelluloses and HPMC.
  • surfactants such as Berol®09 and/or BeroT ® 08
  • thickening agents such as Berol®09 and/or BeroT ® 08
  • colouring agents e.g. coloured pigments
  • corrosion inhibitors such as sodium EDTA
  • dispersants such as sodium EDTA
  • flocculants such as sodium EDTA, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfit
  • suitable foaming agents comprise hydrogen peroxide and metals which are electro-chemically less noble than silver.
  • a particularly suitable foaming agent of the latter type is aluminium, preferably in the form of a powder having a surface area (Blaine) of from 5000 to 9100 m 2 /g.
  • a pulverized metallic foaming agent When using a pulverized metallic foaming agent, it may be coated with an agent, such as wax, to retard the gas generating reaction.
  • an agent such as wax
  • a particularly suitable setting controlling agent is aluminate cement which e.g. is commercially available under the names Secar 71 and Alcoa. Both of these aluminate cements have a high content of monocalciu aluminate and calcium bialuminate.
  • the components used for forming the cement mixture may be mixed at the temperature of the surroundings but the mixing may also be effected at an elevated temperature, e.g. by heating one or more of the components, such as water, or by using a heated mixer.
  • a further possibility comprises the use of a chemical compound which reacts exothermally with one of the other components of the mixture, such as water.
  • a mixture having a temperature of 40-90 ⁇ C is preferably used.
  • the setting controlling agent such as aluminate cement
  • water When preparing the cement mixture it is preferred to disperse the setting controlling agent, such as aluminate cement, in water and then to mix the dispersion thus obtained with the other components.
  • the dispersion and the other components are preferably mixed immediately before the finished mixture is poured into the space between the boundaries.
  • a powdered foaming agent When using a powdered foaming agent, it is preferably dispered in a portion of the water before the foaming agent is mixed with the other components.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for preparing heat (cold) insulated pipes for transporting liquid media, said pipes comprising an inner pipe and an outer pipe concentrically located around the inner pipe and an insulating layer disposed in the space between the outside of the inner pipe and the inside of the outer pipe.
  • Such a district heating pipe typically consists of an inner metal pipe, such as an iron pipe, and an outer shell pipe, e.g. a plastic pipe, such as a polyethylene pipe.
  • the concentrically located pipes are dis- posed in an inclined or vertical position and the finished foamable cement mixture is introduced into the space between the two pipes in such an amount that the entire space between the pipes is filled after the termination of the foaming process.
  • the foamable mixture is preferably introduced through an inlet having means for discharging gas, including the air present in the said space prior to the filling with the foamable cement mixture.
  • the method according to the invention is explained in further details in connection with the preparation of district heating pipes.
  • the method is also suitable for prepararing insulating layers on other objects than pipes, including insulating layers on board elements and for elements where one or both boundaries form part of the finished product.
  • the method according to the invention is par ⁇ ticularly suitable for forming an insulating layer on hot objects.
  • the method according to the invention allows the preparation of insulating layers tolerating temperatures of up to lOOO'C.
  • the method can also be used for insulating objects having temperatures of less than 0°C, e.g. for insulating cooling pipes, cold stores and the like having temperatures as low as -40 * C.
  • Blok Cement is a filler cement produced by Aalborg Portland and having a relatively high green strength and a relatively low final strength. Blok Cement is prepared by grinding Portland cement clinker with an inactive filler (pulverized chalk) to which a chromium neutralizing substance has been added. Blok Cement differs from the other Danish cements in having a high alkali content, i.e. 1% equivalents of Na-O, which ensures a high green strength. Blok Cement, which is grey, is a certified non-sulfate resistant filler cement.
  • Standard Cement is an ordinary-setting cement containing fly-ash.
  • Standard Cement is prepared by grinding Portland clinker with fly-ash and small amounts of gypsum, and adding a chromium neutralizing substance thereto. The maximum fly-ash content amounts to 35% and is typically in the range of 20-25%.
  • Standard Cement, which is grey, is a certified fly-ash cement produced by Aalborg Portland, which complies with the DS 427 strength requirements for ordinary-setting cement. It is moderately sulfate resistant and has a moderate alkali content.
  • White Portland Cement is a fast-setting cement produced by Aalborg Portland.
  • White Portland Cement is prepared by grinding White Portland clinker together with small amounts of gypsum, and adding a chromium neutralizing substance thereto. No filler is added during the preparation.
  • White Portland Cement, which is white is a certified Portland cement which complies with the DS 427 strength requirement for fast-setting cement having a 24 hour compressive strength of >16 N /m 2 . It is highly sulfate resistant and has an extra low alkali content.
  • Secar 71 is a hydraulic cement having a high content of aluminium oxide which preferably is bound in the form of monocalcium aluminate and calcium bialuminate.
  • the aluminium oxide content is higher than 69%, the calcium oxide content is less than 30% and the contents of other oxide compounds are all less than 1%.
  • the alkali content measured as oxide is less than 0.5 %. Absolute density: about 3.0 g/cm 3 .
  • Fineness measured as specific surface (Blaine) is typically in the range of 3900-4500 [cm 2 /g] and the sieve residue on a 90 ⁇ m sieve is less than 5%.
  • Secar 71 is produced by Lafarge Fondu Inter ⁇ national, 157 Avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92521 Neuilly Cedex, France.
  • Alcoa CA-14 is an aluminate cement produced by Alcoa (Aluminium Company of America, Pittsburg, PA, U.S.A.) and sold in Northern Europe by Alcoa Chemie Verkoop, Bruistensingel 154, 5232 AC's-Her- togenbosch, the Netherlands.
  • the technical specifications of Alcoa CA-14 correspond exactly to those of Secar 71.
  • Al-powder is produced by Carlfors Bruk, Huskvarna, Sweden.
  • the type used is TA 5000 R having a free aluminium metal content of 92.3% and a specific surface (according to Blaine) of 9100 cm 2 /g.
  • Berol 08 is a powder of a non-ionic tenside based on normal primary alcohol (fatty alcohol). It has a very strong hydrophilic (water- soluble) character (HLB-value of 18.7) and exhibits a surface tension of 48 mN/m according to Du No ⁇ y, 25 * C, 0.1% content of active material. Berol 08 is chemically stable in weak acids and bases, but it is not stable for long periods in strong acids and bases. Berol 08 is produced by Berol Nobel AB 444 85 Stenungsund, Sweden and is marketed in Denmark by Berol Nobel A/S, Box 106, DK-3000 Helsing ⁇ r.
  • Berol 09 is a clear liquid of a non-ionic tenside of the alkyl phenol-ethyleneoxide adduct type. It has a hydrophilic (water- soluble) character (HLB-value of 13.3) and exhibits a surface tension of 33 mN/m according to Du noisyiy, 25 ⁇ C, 0.1% content of active material. Berol 09 is chemically stable in weak acids and bases, but it is not stable for long periods in strong acids and bases.
  • Foamable cement mixtures 1-7 were prepared according to the inven ⁇ tion by mixing the constituents shown in table 1 in the weight ratios stated.
  • the example indicates that the water content has been insufficient.
  • Mixture No. 4 was prepared in the same manner as mixture No. 3 except that the mixing time, after the addition of the suspension of Al powder in water, was increased from 20 seconds to 60 seconds.
  • the foamed structure had a slightly more pleasant appearance, but the surface shrunk as described for mixture No. 3. On the basis of this example it was found necessary to accellerate the setting.
  • Mixture No. 5 was prepared in the same manner as mixture No. 4 except that White Portland Cement (fast-setting) was used instead of Standard Cement (ordinary-setting).
  • the volume had increased compared to the previous examples. After about 30 seconds the mixture began to expand. After approximately further 8 minutes . the foaming reached its maximum. Maximum expansion was about 250%. After approximately further 3 minutes a fairly strong collapse took place so that the final foaming was less than about 200%. The setting had started and the surface did not undergo a significant further shrinkage.
  • Blok Cement provides a rapid foaming and a fairly fast setting.
  • the collapse differs in character from the cases where Berol 09 was not used, as no significant escape of hydrogen from the surface seems to occur. A fairly uniform collapse takes place.
  • Blok Cement provides a rapid foaming and a fairly fast setting.
  • Berol 09 enhances the formation of foam, but the foam does not seem to be stable.
  • the mixture was now sufficiently dispersed.
  • the mixture When the mixture was filled into the plastic bucket, the mixture was foamy. After about 30 seconds the mixture began to expand. After approximately further 9 minutes the foaming of the mixture reached its maximum. Maximum expansion was about 350%. However, the foam collapsed substantially as in mixture No. 7. The mixture was clearly set after about 30 minutes but not after 10 minutes.
  • the mixture was foamy. After about 15 seconds the mixture began to expand. After further 9-10 minutes the foaming of the mixture reached its maximum and about this point of time the material began to set. The material did not collapse.
  • composition of materials and the process parameters were adjusted so that the setting commenced at the desired point of time, i.e. at the point of maximum foaming, and the strength of the setting was sufficient to freeze the material in this condition.
  • Mixture No. 12 corresponded exactly to mixture No. 11 except that the Berol 08 powder was completely omitted, that the Secar 71 was replaced by Alcoa CA-14, that the temperature of the water was increased to 60 ⁇ C and that the water content was increased by 50 g.
  • Mixture No. 13 correspondend exactly to mixture No. 12 except that the amounts used were increased by 60% and that the pouring was not effected in a plastic bucket but in the space between an inner steel pipe and a surrounding shell pipe of polyethylene.
  • the foaming reached its maximum about 10 minutes after the termination of the mixing and at about this point of time the material began to set. No visible collapse of the material took place.
  • a subsequent longitudinal cut of the pipes showed a homogeneous filling in the entire pipe length about 1 m. There was no immediate visible difference between top and bottom with regard to pore sizes.
  • Mixture No. 14 corresponded exactly to mixture No. 13 except that the amounts used were increased by 64%, however the Al powder by 75%, and the pipe produced was tested for its heat insulating property which proved fully satisfactory.
  • the pipes produced were subsequently transported on a lorry and loaded and unloaded different places in Denmark. After about 10 loadings/unloadings the insulation was still intact apart from the outer end portions. No damage of the spacers and the insulation in the pipes were observed.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de production de tuyau de chauffage urbain isolé avec du ciment-mousse, ledit tuyau comprenant un tuyau intérieur métallique et un tuyau extérieur en plastique. Selon ledit procédé, un mélange cimentaire moussant est introduit dans l'espace compris entre le tuyau intérieur et le tuyau extérieur, ledit mélange cimentaire contenant, par rapport au poids du ciment, 70 à 80 % en poids d'eau, 0,15 % à 0,5 % en poids d'un agent moussant et 4 à 6 % en poids d'un agent régulateur de prise constitué d'un ou de plusieurs aluminates de calcium, puis on fait mousser et prendre ledit mélange.
PCT/DK1992/000237 1991-08-02 1992-08-03 Element de construction et procede de fabrication de cet element Ceased WO1993003234A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK1424/91 1991-08-02
DK142491A DK142491D0 (da) 1991-08-02 1991-08-02 Praefabrikerede cementbaserede elementer

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993003234A1 true WO1993003234A1 (fr) 1993-02-18

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PCT/DK1992/000237 Ceased WO1993003234A1 (fr) 1991-08-02 1992-08-03 Element de construction et procede de fabrication de cet element

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AU (1) AU2447792A (fr)
DK (1) DK142491D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993003234A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0779467A1 (fr) * 1995-12-12 1997-06-18 Halliburton Company Méthode d'isolation de faiseaux de tubes
EP0867419A1 (fr) * 1997-03-20 1998-09-30 Sto Ag Mousse de montage pour le remplissage de joints

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE875403C (de) * 1950-06-01 1953-05-04 Siporex Int Ab Bauelement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE3041901A1 (de) * 1980-11-06 1982-05-13 Linco Gmbh, 5205 St. Augustin Verfahren zum herstellen eines mikroporoesen feuerbestaendigen und feuerfesten baustoffs
EP0246479A1 (fr) * 1986-05-06 1987-11-25 Pott, Richard, Dipl.-Ing. Conformation avec noyau de support

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE875403C (de) * 1950-06-01 1953-05-04 Siporex Int Ab Bauelement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE3041901A1 (de) * 1980-11-06 1982-05-13 Linco Gmbh, 5205 St. Augustin Verfahren zum herstellen eines mikroporoesen feuerbestaendigen und feuerfesten baustoffs
EP0246479A1 (fr) * 1986-05-06 1987-11-25 Pott, Richard, Dipl.-Ing. Conformation avec noyau de support

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0779467A1 (fr) * 1995-12-12 1997-06-18 Halliburton Company Méthode d'isolation de faiseaux de tubes
US5791380A (en) * 1995-12-12 1998-08-11 Halliburton Company Methods of forming insulated pipeline bundles
EP0867419A1 (fr) * 1997-03-20 1998-09-30 Sto Ag Mousse de montage pour le remplissage de joints

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2447792A (en) 1993-03-02
DK142491D0 (da) 1991-08-02

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