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WO1993002801A1 - Rotor centrifuge - Google Patents

Rotor centrifuge Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993002801A1
WO1993002801A1 PCT/GB1992/001443 GB9201443W WO9302801A1 WO 1993002801 A1 WO1993002801 A1 WO 1993002801A1 GB 9201443 W GB9201443 W GB 9201443W WO 9302801 A1 WO9302801 A1 WO 9302801A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
base
annular
rotor according
rotor
sample tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB1992/001443
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Laurence Roy Rickman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO1993002801A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993002801A1/fr
Priority to GB9401308A priority Critical patent/GB2273449B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5021—Test tubes specially adapted for centrifugation purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B5/00—Other centrifuges
    • B04B5/04—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers
    • B04B5/0407—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers for liquids contained in receptacles
    • B04B5/0414—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers for liquids contained in receptacles comprising test tubes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
    • G01N33/487—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
    • G01N33/49—Blood
    • G01N33/491—Blood by separating the blood components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B7/00—Elements of centrifuges
    • B04B7/02—Casings; Lids
    • B04B2007/025—Lids for laboratory centrifuge rotors

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a centrifuge rotor for the centrifugal separation of whole blood samples contained in microcapillary sample tubes, to provide compacted blood cells and plasma.
  • centrifugal separation of blood cells from plasma and the measurement of the resulting packed cell volume is known to be a simple diagnostic test for the presence of anaemia.
  • Anaemia due mainly to blood loss, malnutrition, disease and dehydration, resulting from AIDS, cholera and other diarrhoeal and febrile diseases, is responsible for much mortality and serious morbidity in developing countries; very young children, pregnant women and the aged are particularly at risk.
  • many such cases remain undiagnosed at present due to the lack of simple, practical and inexpensive diagnostic equipment that can be used satisfactorily at the periphery, where it is urgently needed.
  • Dehydration too, is a major problem where conditions of poor sanitation and overcrowding occur and where diarrhoeal diseases quickly become established, particularly following disasters and among refugees.
  • centrifuge rotor of very simple design, which is inexpensive, virtually unbreakable, needs no servicing and is dependent on neither electricity nor batteries for operation.
  • its use in the mission hospital or rural health centre or by primary health care workers in the villages will immediately identify those suffering with anaemia or dehydration with certainty. Its use will also aid the field diagnosis of filariasis and trypanosomiasis.
  • a centrifuge rotor comprises a base member and a cover member and has axially-disposed rotational drive connection means in a central region thereof, the base member comprising an essentially circular plate having sample tube locating means disposed radially and terminating outwardly in resilient elements, and the cover member having a lower surface which cooperates, in use, with the base to retain sample tubes securely in position, one of the base and cover members including at least one annular groove disposed radially outwardly of the sample tube locating means and the other of the base and cover members including a corresponding annular projection, the projection being sealingly engageable within the groove when the base and cover members are located together for use.
  • the sample tube locating means terminate inwardly as well as outwardly in resilient elements, which may each comprise an annular element disposed in an annular groove which communicates between the respective inner or outer ends of the sample tube locating means, which may themselves be constituted by radially-disposed grooves formed in the base member or by inner and outer recesses to receive respective inner and outer end regions of the sample tubes.
  • the annular groove preferably formed in the base member, is provided for receiving any blood which seeps from the sample tube under centrifugal force and the corresponding annular projection, preferably formed on the cover member, may be adapted for deflecting any free centrifugally directed blood downwards and for containing any blood seepage in the groove, for example by providing the projection with an upper surface which slopes radially outwardly towards the base of the groove.
  • the groove or grooves may be lined with absorbent material such as a cotton lace which is compressed by the projection and which is kept moistened with a disinfectant solution, in order to kill any viruses present.
  • the resilient elements are to cushion and further seal the outer ends of the sample tubes while centrifugation is taking place.
  • the sample tubes are microcapillary tubes one end of which is closed with a plasticized seal after adding blood and prior to centrifugation.
  • the cover member should be a close fit on the base member, partly because its function is to retain the sample tubes in place in their locating means and partly to provide an overall smooth external profile in order to reduce air resistance to a minimum and to permit faster centrifuging speeds to be attained. A smooth external profile will also minimize injury caused by inadvertently touching a spinning rotor.
  • the cover member is preferably retained in place by a lock-nut which may be screw-threaded to a suitable hub member. Peripheral cut-away portions may be provided to facilitate removal of the cover member from the base member.
  • the base member is divided into annular zones in order to provide a gauge for assessment of the packed cell volume of the compacted cells and the cover member is transparent.
  • the zones are preferably colour-coded to enable a relatively unskilled or illiterate health worker to report the results accurately by direct observation through the cover member, without needing to remove the sample tubes before assessment.
  • the rotational drive connection means preferably comprises an array of holes evenly spaced around the rotational axis, to engage, either directly or indirectly via suitable adaptor, with the drive pins on the drive head of a commercially-available centrifuge which would normally be used with swing-out buckets to accommodate the larger centrifuge tubes of capacity 10-15 ml or with other commercially-available manual or portable powered field centrifuges.
  • the centrifuge rotors according to the present invention may be manually spun at high speeds in alternating directions by passing lengths of cord or like material through holes disposed symmetrically about or on opposite sides of the axis, attaching the cords at one end to a suitable support, holding the free ends of the cords in the hand, preferably with the aid of a suitable handle, and causing the rotor to begin rotating, thereby twisting the cords together, whereby rotation can be continued in alternating directions at very high speeds by alternately tensioning and relaxing the cords as between the support and the free ends.
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of a centrifuge rotor capable of holding twenty blood sample tubes
  • Figure 2 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view along a diameter of the rotor of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is similar to Figure 1 for a smaller version for holding ten tubes
  • Figure 4 is similar to Figure 2 for the rotor of Figure 3.
  • the rotor 11 consists of a base plate 12 and a cover plate 13.
  • the upper surface of the base plate is formed with twenty radially-disposed inner and outer locating recesses, respectively 14, 15, for receipt of microcapillary blood sample tubes (not shown) .
  • the inner recesses 14 extend from a central boss around which is a resilient annular sealing element 16 and the outer recesses 15 extend to an annular groove 17, also containing a resilient sealing element.
  • the purpose of the sealing elements is to provide a firm location for the ends of the sample tubes.
  • the central boss is formed with a central axial hole 18 and three holes 19 disposed equi-angularly apart and at a common distance from the axis. As shown in Figure 2, these holes are dimensioned and arranged to engage with the central spindle 20 and rotational drive pins 21 of an electrically-driven or a manually-driven centrifuge (not shown) .
  • Two annular grooves 22, 23 are also formed in the upper surface of the base member, externally of groove 17.
  • Corresponding annular projections 24, 25 are formed on the lower surface of the cover member.
  • the projections engage and partly fill the respective grooves 22, 23 and have a wedge-shaped profile the sloping face of which deflects any blood towards the bottom of the grooves.
  • the lower parts of the grooves beneath the projections contain absorbent cotton liners 26, 27 which have been soaked in a disinfectant solution, for example chlorine at 10,000 ppm, and squeezed to remove excess liquid.
  • Circular lines are formed on the base member at predetermined distances from the groove 17, to indicate annular zones which are used for evaluation purposes to enable ready assessment of the packed cell volume of the centrifuged blood, according to the band or zone in which the inner end of the packed cell column reaches.
  • the bands are marked to correspond with human packed cell volumes of 0 to 20%, 21 to 35%, 36 to 50% and 51% and above, and may be correlated to haemoglobin concentration.
  • the bands are colour-coded, annotated and letter-coded.
  • the outer band 23 is coloured red and signifies a very low blood cell volume indicative of severe anaemia; this is marked "very low” and "A”; the next inner band 24 is coloured yellow and signifies a low blood cell volume indicative of moderate anaemia; the band is also marked “low” and has the letter “B”; the next inner band 25 is coloured green and is marked
  • this band signifies a normal blood cell volume indicative that anaemia is not present, and the next inner band is coloured blue and signifies a high blood cell volume, indicative of dehydration or plasma loss; this band is marked “high” and has the letter "D”.
  • the cover plate is secured in place by a threaded nut 28 carried on the threaded end of the central spindle 20 of the centrifuge.
  • Figures 3 and 4 are similar to Figures 1 and 2 except that the rotor has provision for ten sample tubes and is for use remote from a centrifuge machine.
  • the rotor has an aluminium hub 29 secured by set screws 30.
  • the cover plate is secured by a locking ring 31 which screw-threadedly engages the hub 29.
  • Four holes 32 are provided, through which string, cord or other suitable filamentary material, preferably braided nylon, may be passed to provide a rotary power source in alternate directions, on initially twisting the strands and then alternately tensioning and relaxing them. It has been found that, at a maximum operating traction force of 25 kg, mean rotational speeds of 4,000 rpm may be obtained, with a maximum speed of 5,600 rpm, the optimum working string length being 160 cm. Under these conditions, the average packing time required is
  • the sample tubes may be filled to less than their total or standard amounts, whereby the separation layer between packed cells and plasma is radially further outwards in relation to its position with a completely filled tube for the same blood sample.
  • the rotor according to the invention is designed to eliminate handling of charged sample tubes once loaded in the base member, to minimize the chances of infection from contaminated blood. It will be appreciated that direct observation of the tubes in situ is possible for assessment purposes; the grooves for the sample tubes may be made slightly oversize so that, once assessment has taken place, the cover may be removed and the tubes merely tipped directly into a suitable receptacle for disposal.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Abstract

Un rotor centrifuge comprenant un élément de base et un élément de couvercle présente dans sa partie centrale une prise axiale d'entraînement en rotation. L'élément de base comprend une plaque sensiblement circulaire dans laquelle sont disposés radialement des moyens de réception de tubes à échantillons et qui se terminent à l'extérieur par des éléments élastiques. L'élément de couvercle présente une surface inférieure qui coopère, lors de l'utilisation du dispositif, avec la base afin de maintenir les tubes à échantillon fermement en position. L'un des éléments de base et de couvercle comprend au moins une rainure annulaire radialement disposée à l'extérieur du moyen de réception de tubes à échantillons, les autres éléments de base et de couvercle comprenant une protubérance annulaire complémentaire qui peut être insérée de manière étanche dans la rainure lorsque les éléments de base et de couvercle sont rapprochés en vue de l'utilisation de l'appareil. L'élément de base est doté de zones annulaires marquées, indiquant les fourchettes d'hématocrite. L'élément de couvercle est transparent et l'hématocrite peut être déterminé par un personnel non qualifié dans les pays en voie de développement par lecture directe des zones annulaires à travers l'élément de couvercle. De cette manière on peut diagnostiquer l'anémie rapidement et de manière précise.
PCT/GB1992/001443 1991-08-03 1992-08-03 Rotor centrifuge Ceased WO1993002801A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9401308A GB2273449B (en) 1991-08-03 1994-01-25 Centrifuge rotor

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB919116806A GB9116806D0 (en) 1991-08-03 1991-08-03 Centrifuge rotor
GB9116806.2 1991-08-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993002801A1 true WO1993002801A1 (fr) 1993-02-18

Family

ID=10699482

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1992/001443 Ceased WO1993002801A1 (fr) 1991-08-03 1992-08-03 Rotor centrifuge

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2388992A (fr)
GB (2) GB9116806D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993002801A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19652436A1 (de) * 1996-12-17 1998-06-18 Hettich Andreas Fa Hämatokrit-Zentrifuge

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB189318645A (en) * 1893-10-05 1893-11-25 Franz Hugershoff Improvements in Centrifugal Machines Operated by Hand.
US3009388A (en) * 1957-12-30 1961-11-21 American Optical Corp Apparatus for determining fluid fractions and sedimentataion rates
US3168473A (en) * 1961-12-04 1965-02-02 Clay Adams Inc Microhematocrit reader for centrifuges
US4199544A (en) * 1975-12-17 1980-04-22 Compur-Electronic Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Read-off device for medical samples
US4460351A (en) * 1981-07-03 1984-07-17 Kabushiki Kaisha Kubota Seisakusho Rotor for a centrifuge
EP0199696A2 (fr) * 1985-04-22 1986-10-29 Landstingens Inköpscentral LIC ekonomisk förening Centrifuge pour laboratoire

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB189318645A (en) * 1893-10-05 1893-11-25 Franz Hugershoff Improvements in Centrifugal Machines Operated by Hand.
US3009388A (en) * 1957-12-30 1961-11-21 American Optical Corp Apparatus for determining fluid fractions and sedimentataion rates
US3168473A (en) * 1961-12-04 1965-02-02 Clay Adams Inc Microhematocrit reader for centrifuges
US4199544A (en) * 1975-12-17 1980-04-22 Compur-Electronic Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Read-off device for medical samples
US4460351A (en) * 1981-07-03 1984-07-17 Kabushiki Kaisha Kubota Seisakusho Rotor for a centrifuge
EP0199696A2 (fr) * 1985-04-22 1986-10-29 Landstingens Inköpscentral LIC ekonomisk förening Centrifuge pour laboratoire

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19652436A1 (de) * 1996-12-17 1998-06-18 Hettich Andreas Fa Hämatokrit-Zentrifuge

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2388992A (en) 1993-03-02
GB2273449B (en) 1995-01-04
GB2273449A (en) 1994-06-22
GB9401308D0 (en) 1994-04-13
GB9116806D0 (en) 1991-09-18

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