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WO1992019383A1 - Dispositif atomiseur - Google Patents

Dispositif atomiseur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992019383A1
WO1992019383A1 PCT/GB1992/000668 GB9200668W WO9219383A1 WO 1992019383 A1 WO1992019383 A1 WO 1992019383A1 GB 9200668 W GB9200668 W GB 9200668W WO 9219383 A1 WO9219383 A1 WO 9219383A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
stream
apex
flight
line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB1992/000668
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Stephen Terence Dunne
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DMW Technology Ltd
Original Assignee
DMW Technology Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DMW Technology Ltd filed Critical DMW Technology Ltd
Publication of WO1992019383A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992019383A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/26—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets
    • B05B1/262—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets with fixed deflectors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to atomising devices, notably to atomising devices incorporating impingement surfaces for use with Metered Dose Inhalers (MDI's).
  • MDI's Metered Dose Inhalers
  • Atomising nozzles are used in aerosol devices and the like to break up a fluid stream into fine droplets so as to form a spray or mist of the fluid as it is discharged from a container or spray device.
  • the droplet size in such a spray should be less than 10 micrometres. It is difficult to achieve such fine droplets without the use of liquefied propellents which cause the stream of fluid to break up into fine droplets as the gas/fluid stream leaves the nozzle orifice.
  • liquefied propellants such as CFCs and hydrocarbons is becoming increasingly unacceptable on environmental and other grounds.
  • a number of mechanical devices for forming a spray have been proposed, but these in general do not produce droplets of sufficiently fine size to penetrate deep into the lung.
  • the stream or jet should strike an impingement surface.
  • the use of such a surface provides a simple and effective low cost means for improving the performance of the nozzle orifice in terms of producing a higher proportion of fine droplets in the resultant.
  • problems are encountered in that some of the fluid striking the surface adheres to the surface and is not broken up into fine droplets.
  • the present invention provides a device for atomising fluids, which device comprises: a. an orifice, preferably a smooth orifice, through which the fluid to be atomised is to flow and which forms a discharge stream of the fluid, which can be droplets and/or a jet of the fluid; b.
  • a surface located in the path of said discharge stream of fluid from said orifice against which said stream is to impinge and break up into droplets characterised in that: the surface is provided with an apex, preferably the surface tapers in the direction of the line of flight of the stream of fluid to the apex, and in that the plane of the surface against which the stream of fluid is to impinge is aligned so that it is inclined at an angle to the line of flight of the stream of fluid so that the apex is located downstream with respect to the point of impact of the stream of fluid upon the surface.
  • line of flight of the stream of fluid is used herein to denote the average line of flight of the stream.
  • this will be the longitudinal axis of the jet.
  • the orifice may cause partial break up of the fluid flowing through the orifice into droplets which are of a larger size than desired, and these droplets then break up into smaller sized droplets when they strike the surface.
  • the spray formed at the nozzle will generally lie .within a cone of revolution centred on the nozzle orifice and the line of flight will then be the longitudinal axis of that cone.
  • smooth orifice is used herein to denote a nozzle orifice or aperture which does not induce significant secondary flow in the flow of fluid, either immediately upstream of the orifice or aperture or at the aperture itself. This is particularly desirable where the stream of fluid is to form a jet at the nozzle orifice or aperture.
  • any fluid which adheres to the surface, rather than forming droplets, is swept across the surface towards the apex by the force of the jet or spray of the fluid.
  • apex is used herein to denote a sharp change in the angle of the surface with respect to the line of flight of the stream of fluid so as to provide a sharp lip or tip from which the fluid being swept across the surface can readily detach.
  • the term includes a pointed end to a body, for example a conical tip to a cylindrical body or a pyramidal tip to a square cross-section body; or a sharp edge or lip between wetted and non-wetted surfaces of the impingement body, as with the squared edge to a plate or a knife edge; or a sharp change in thickness of the body upon which the impingement surface is provided, for example at the mounting of a conical tip upon a narrower rod or other support.
  • the apex is preferably configured so that the non- wetted portion of the body providing the surface over which the fluid is swept returns at an angle to the plane of the wetted surface, which angle exceeds the static angle of contact between a droplet of the fluid and a horizontal sheet of the material from which the surface is made so as to encourage break away of the film of fluid from the surface at the apex.
  • the degree of atomization of the stream of fluid is dependent, inter alia, upon the angle which the surface presents to the line of flight of the stream.
  • the surface present an angle of from 100 to 160°, preferably from 105 to 150°, notably from 110 to 140°, to the line of flight of the stream of the fluid.
  • the angle presented to the line of flight is that measured between the line of flight and the downstream portion of the plane of the surface, ie. the angle alpha shown in Figure 2b.
  • the surface can take a number of forms and can be a sheet member or a solid, notably a solid of revolution.
  • the face against which the jet of fluid impinges can be planar, as when a flat member is used, or can be curved or irregular, as when a conical surface is used, in which case the surface can be considered as a number of lines of contact and the angle which is considered is that presented by the line which is closest to the centre line of the stream of fluid at the point of contact.
  • the impingement surface will thus present a face against which the stream of fluid from the nozzle orifice or aperture impinges to form a spray of droplets and to wet the surface with a moving film of the fluid, and one or more other faces which are not wet by the fluid or are wet by the fluid to a minor extent.
  • the angle to the line of flight quoted above is in respect of the wetted face of the impingement surface.
  • the apex to which the surface tapers is preferably a point or sharp tip to the surface, for example the apex of a cone or a sharp apex to a triangular sheet, so as to provide a sharp lip or point which separates the non-wetted face(s) of the body from the wetted surface.
  • the surface is a face on a solid body, it will usually be preferred that the surface be tapered in two planes so that the apex has minimal length.
  • a surface having an elongated apex e.g. knife edge, i.e. where the taper is in only one plane.
  • the apex preferably provides a return angle between the wetted and non-wetted faces of the body which exceeds the angle of contact between a droplet of the fluid and the material from which the body is made so that the fluid will tend to detach from the apex rather than wetting the return face.
  • this angle will be less than 60°.
  • apex is directed in the direction of travel of the stream of fluid from the nozzle orifice or aperture so that the film of fluid adhering to the surface is swept towards the apex of the surface.
  • a triangular sheet can be aligned so that the plane of the sheet is orientated an angle of about 120 to 150° to the line of flight of the stream of fluid at the point of contact and the apex from which the fluid is to detach from the surface is directed along the line of flight of the stream of fluid and is located downstream of the point of impact of the spray of fluid.
  • the angle to the line of flight of the fluid stream presented by the surface may vary along the axis of revolution of the solid.
  • the angle presented by the surface of such a solid of revolution to the line of flight of the fluid stream can vary from say 120 to 140° adjacent the tip of the cone, onto which the stream of fluid is directed, and 90° over the cylindrical portion of the rod. It is possible to mount such a solid with its axis of revolution normal to the line of flight of the fluid stream provided that the fluid stream is directed onto that part of the solid which provides the apex and the apex is removed down the line of flight from the initial point of contact between the stream of fluid and the surface of the solid.
  • the apex be directed downwardly as well as along the line of flight.
  • a conical tip can be located in the line of flight with its apex directed downwardly.
  • a body providing the surface can have an apex which is directed towards the nozzle orifice or aperture and to rely upon some other feature of the body to provide the apex required by the present invention.
  • a conical tip can be mounted substantially co-axially upon a narrow support rod to provide a sharp step or change in transverse diameter to the impingement device at the point of connection of thew tip to the thinner rod.
  • the change in diameter thus provides a circular rim at the downstream end of the conical tip which acts as a knife edge apex to assist detachment of the film of fluid from the surface of the conical tip using the concept of the invention.
  • the impingement surface may be made from any suitable material, for example metal, eg. stainless steel, or plastic and that the surface be smooth, for example that it be polished or lapped steel. If desired, it may have been given a surface treatment or coating to provide the smooth surface and/or to reduce the contact angle with the fluid to be sprayed to enable a satisfactory contact angle at the apex to be achieved.
  • suitable material for example metal, eg. stainless steel, or plastic and that the surface be smooth, for example that it be polished or lapped steel. If desired, it may have been given a surface treatment or coating to provide the smooth surface and/or to reduce the contact angle with the fluid to be sprayed to enable a satisfactory contact angle at the apex to be achieved.
  • the impingement surface have a dimension transverse to the line of flight of the spray which is larger, typically from 1.5 to 5 times, eg. about 2 to 3 times, larger, than the diameter of the nozzle orifice so that the whole of the width of the spray or jet strikes the surface.
  • the impingement surface In order to enhance the droplet formation within the size range 1 to 10 micrometres, it is preferred to locate the impingement surface at from 4 to 20 mm- from the plane of the nozzle aperture from which the stream of fluid is to issue. It is also preferred to generate the stream of fluid by passing the fluid through a nozzle having an effective hydraulic diameter of less than 100 micrometres, for example from 3 to 30 micrometres, and at a pressure of greater than 20 bar, preferably greater than 50 bar, for example 100 to 400 bar. It is also preferred that the stream of fluid issue from the nozzle orifice or aperture as a jet and that this be substantially unbroken when it contacts the impingement surface.
  • the nozzle orifice may be asymmetric, for example with a rectangular or polygonal plan shape, and the impingement surface will preferably be elongated, eg. an oval or rectangular slit with an aspect ratio of from 1:5 to 1:10 or more with the smallest radial dimension being say 5 micrometres, to reflect the elongation of the nozzle aperture.
  • the device of the invention can be applied to the atomization of a wide range of fluids. However, it is of especial application in the atomization of aqueous solutions of medicaments to give droplets having a median size less than 10 micrometres which are to be applied by inhalation by the user.
  • the invention can be applied to a wide range of fluid dispensing devices, for example a liquefied propellant spray device or a nebuliser.
  • the invention is of especial application with mechanically operated spray generating devices, for example those in which a spring loaded piston ejects a metered dose of fluid through a nozzle orifice.
  • the spray generating device be of the type described in our co-pending International Patent Application No GB/91/00433.
  • the impingement device of the present invention can be mounted upon a spray generating device in any suitable manner or may form an integral part of the construction thereof, for example of the nozzle assembly.
  • the invention provides a simple and effective means for assisting break up of coarse sprays or jet of fluid into fine droplet sized sprays without the need to use lique ied propellants and reduces the problems associated with previous designs of impingement devices.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic side elevation of a prior art impingement surface and its operation and Figure lb is a plan view from above of the impingement surface of Figure la; Figures 2a, 2b and 3a, 3b illustrate similar views of alternative forms of the device of the invention; and Figure 4 illustrates a further alternative form of the device of the invention.
  • a nozzle orifice 111 is formed in a cylindrical cup 112 forming part of a spray generating device (not shown).
  • Liquid 113 is forced under pressure through a filter 114 and the nozzle 111 to form a jet of liquid 115 which impinges on a cylindrical wire solid surface or impinger 116 which is mounted transversely across the line of flight of the jet.
  • the impact of the jet on the impinger 116 breaks the jet up into a spray of fine particles 120.
  • a liquid drop 122 is formed on the wire 116 which needs to be cleared from the wire after operation in order to avoid the risk of contamination of the fluid in a subsequent operation.
  • this is done manually or by rinsing the wire in a suitable solvent which is cumbersome.
  • a nozzle orifice 211 is formed in a cylindrical cup 212 as with the device of Figure 1.
  • Liquid 213 is forced under pressure through a filter 214 and the nozzle 211 to form a jet of liquid 215.
  • the jet of liquid impinges on the solid conical tip of a solid impinger 230 to cause the jet of liquid to break up into a spray of fine particles 220.
  • the longitudinal axis of the main cylindrical body of the impinger 230 is normal to the line of flight of the jet of fluid (as with the device of Figure 1), the surface against which the jet impinges is at an angle (alpha - as shown in Figure 2b) to the line of flight of the jet of liquid.
  • the angle alpha may be between about 100 and 140°, and preferably is between about 100 and 120°.
  • the included angle at the apex of the conical tip is preferably less than about 60° and more than about 20°.
  • the apex of the cone of the tip is downstream of the point of impact between the jet of fluid and the surface of the cone so that fluid flows over the surface of the conical tip towards to apex of the cone from which the fluid readily detaches as droplets. As a result, little or no residual liquid is retained on the solid surface of the impinger 230 after operation of the spray generating device.
  • the diameter of the base of the conical tip is larger than the mean diameter of the liquid jet 215 so that the whole of the jet impinges on the conical tip.
  • the ratio of the cone base diameter to the nozzle diameter must exceed 1:1 to achieve this, and the ratio is preferably of the order of 2:1 or more.
  • FIG 3a another embodiment of the invention is shown where the impingement surface 311 is formed from a triangular plate and tapers in one plane only.
  • the jet 312 strikes the plate at an angle of about 130° to the line of flight of the jet producing a fine spray 313.
  • the trailing edge of the plate can act as a knife edge rom which fluid adhering to the wetted surface of the plate drains as it is swept towards that knife edge by the flow of liquid over the wetted surface of the plate.
  • the impinger can be provided by a conical impingement body 400 carried by a smaller diameter support rod 416 which is mounted substantially co-axially with a nozzle orifice 411 in a plate 412 and with the line of flight of the jet or spray 415 of fluid issuing from the nozzle orifice.
  • the tip 410 of the cone 400 is directed towards the nozzle orifice 411.
  • the tip 410 can have a wide included angle so that each side of the cone is orientated at an angle of from 100 to 160° to the line of flight of the fluid.
  • the geometric apex (the tip 410) of the cone 400 does not provide the "apex" required by the present invention.
  • This knife edge 440 is located downstream from the point of impact of the fluid upon the cone 400 and fluid adhering to the conical wetted surface of the cone 400 is swept towards the knife edge 440, from which the fluid readily detaches.

Landscapes

  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un dispositif destiné à atomiser des fluides, comprenant: a) un orifice (411), de préférence lisse, à travers lequel doit couler le fluide atomisé et qui provoque la formation d'un courant de décharge pouvant être constitué de gouttelettes et/ou d'un jet de fluide; b) une surface (400) située sur le passage dudit courant de décharge de fluide à travers ledit orifice (400) et contre laquelle ledit fluide vient heurter et se séparer en gouttelettes. Cette surface est caractérisée par: un apex (440) de préférence en forme de cône dont le sommet est situé dans la ligne de vol du jet de fluide, le plan de surface contre laquelle le courant de fluide vient heurter étant aligné de façon à former un angle par rapport à la ligne de vol prévue du jet de fluide. L'apex (440) est ainsi situé en aval du point d'impact (410) du jet de fluide sur la surface (400).
PCT/GB1992/000668 1991-04-26 1992-04-13 Dispositif atomiseur Ceased WO1992019383A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9109065.4 1991-04-26
GB919109065A GB9109065D0 (en) 1991-04-26 1991-04-26 Atomising devices

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992019383A1 true WO1992019383A1 (fr) 1992-11-12

Family

ID=10694037

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1992/000668 Ceased WO1992019383A1 (fr) 1991-04-26 1992-04-13 Dispositif atomiseur

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU1538592A (fr)
GB (1) GB9109065D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992019383A1 (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5472143A (en) * 1992-09-29 1995-12-05 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Atomising nozzle and filter and spray generation device
US5881954A (en) * 1993-04-30 1999-03-16 Danmist Aps Method and device for atomising fluids
US6007676A (en) * 1992-09-29 1999-12-28 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Atomizing nozzle and filter and spray generating device
WO2002055208A1 (fr) * 2001-01-15 2002-07-18 Gw Sprinkler A/S Bec d'arroseur permettant de verser des gouttelettes d'eau
US6846413B1 (en) 1997-09-26 2005-01-25 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Microstructured filter
WO2007000330A2 (fr) 2005-06-29 2007-01-04 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Procede et dispositif d'atomisation de liquide
WO2009081199A1 (fr) * 2007-12-20 2009-07-02 42 Technology Limited Production d'aérosol
EP3142732A1 (fr) * 2014-05-14 2017-03-22 The Technology Partnership PLC Moteur d'aérosolisation pour arrière-plan d'administration de médicament liquide
WO2022055799A1 (fr) * 2020-09-09 2022-03-17 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Dispositifs d'administration d'agent
US20220160052A1 (en) * 2019-02-14 2022-05-26 WERRTA GmbH Düsen-und Zerstäubungstechnik Portable device for administering a physiologically active liquid
WO2023161419A1 (fr) * 2022-02-25 2023-08-31 Capnopharm Ug Instrument médical pour introduire une substance thérapeutique fluide dans une cavité d'un corps

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63232866A (ja) * 1987-03-20 1988-09-28 Tokyo Electron Ltd スプレイノズル

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63232866A (ja) * 1987-03-20 1988-09-28 Tokyo Electron Ltd スプレイノズル

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 13, no. 29 (C-562)23 January 1989 & JP,A,63 232 866 ( TOKYO ELECTRON LTD ) 28 September 1988 *

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7246615B2 (en) 1992-09-29 2007-07-24 Boehringer International Gmbh Atomising nozzle and filter and spray generating device
US5547094A (en) * 1992-09-29 1996-08-20 Dmw (Technology) Ltd. Method for producing atomizing nozzle assemblies
US5911851A (en) * 1992-09-29 1999-06-15 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Atomizing nozzle and filter and spray generating device
US6007676A (en) * 1992-09-29 1999-12-28 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Atomizing nozzle and filter and spray generating device
US6503362B1 (en) 1992-09-29 2003-01-07 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Atomizing nozzle an filter and spray generating device
EP1611958A1 (fr) 1992-09-29 2006-01-04 Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH Ajutage de pulvérisation et filtre, et dispositif générant une pulvérisation
US5472143A (en) * 1992-09-29 1995-12-05 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Atomising nozzle and filter and spray generation device
US5881954A (en) * 1993-04-30 1999-03-16 Danmist Aps Method and device for atomising fluids
US7645383B2 (en) 1997-09-26 2010-01-12 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Microstructured filter
US6846413B1 (en) 1997-09-26 2005-01-25 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Microstructured filter
US6977042B2 (en) 1997-09-26 2005-12-20 Klaus Kadel Microstructured filter
US7028924B2 (en) 2001-01-15 2006-04-18 Gw Sprinkler A/S Sprinkler nozzle for spreading of small drops of water
KR100858582B1 (ko) 2001-01-15 2008-09-17 지더블유 스프링클러 에이/에스 물의 미립 액적 분무용 스프링클러 노즐
WO2002055208A1 (fr) * 2001-01-15 2002-07-18 Gw Sprinkler A/S Bec d'arroseur permettant de verser des gouttelettes d'eau
WO2007000330A2 (fr) 2005-06-29 2007-01-04 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Procede et dispositif d'atomisation de liquide
US7611072B2 (en) 2005-06-29 2009-11-03 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Method and device for atomizing liquid
WO2009081199A1 (fr) * 2007-12-20 2009-07-02 42 Technology Limited Production d'aérosol
EP3142732A1 (fr) * 2014-05-14 2017-03-22 The Technology Partnership PLC Moteur d'aérosolisation pour arrière-plan d'administration de médicament liquide
US20220160052A1 (en) * 2019-02-14 2022-05-26 WERRTA GmbH Düsen-und Zerstäubungstechnik Portable device for administering a physiologically active liquid
US12350419B2 (en) * 2019-02-14 2025-07-08 WERRTA GmbH Düsen- und Zerstäubungstechnik Portable device for administering a physiologically active liquid
WO2022055799A1 (fr) * 2020-09-09 2022-03-17 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Dispositifs d'administration d'agent
WO2023161419A1 (fr) * 2022-02-25 2023-08-31 Capnopharm Ug Instrument médical pour introduire une substance thérapeutique fluide dans une cavité d'un corps

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU1538592A (en) 1992-12-21
GB9109065D0 (en) 1991-06-12

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