WO1992011548A1 - Luminance regulation - Google Patents
Luminance regulation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1992011548A1 WO1992011548A1 PCT/CH1991/000230 CH9100230W WO9211548A1 WO 1992011548 A1 WO1992011548 A1 WO 1992011548A1 CH 9100230 W CH9100230 W CH 9100230W WO 9211548 A1 WO9211548 A1 WO 9211548A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light
- diaphragm
- luminance
- zone
- aperture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/10—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void
- G01J1/20—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void intensity of the measured or reference value being varied to equalise their effects at the detectors, e.g. by varying incidence angle
- G01J1/22—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void intensity of the measured or reference value being varied to equalise their effects at the detectors, e.g. by varying incidence angle using a variable element in the light-path, e.g. filter, polarising means
- G01J1/24—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void intensity of the measured or reference value being varied to equalise their effects at the detectors, e.g. by varying incidence angle using a variable element in the light-path, e.g. filter, polarising means using electric radiation detectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V9/00—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters
- F21V9/40—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters with provision for controlling spectral properties, e.g. colour, or intensity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/005—Diaphragms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for the continuous variation of the luminance of an illuminable image area, which variation is produced with a diaphragm arrangement which acts on a light beam directed onto this image area, and an apparatus for carrying out this method.
- Such methods and devices are used in many optical devices and are of particular importance in lighting technology.
- such lighting devices are used in medicine and for the technical inspection of cavities, by means of which the necessary examinations and manipulations can also be carried out without direct visual contact, for example together with technical or medical endoscopes.
- Such lighting devices preferably additionally contain a heat protection filter, which is arranged between the light source and the entrance of the fiber optics, in order to avoid the entry of heat radiation into the fiber optics.
- Such lighting devices are therefore also referred to as cold light sources.
- the luminous flux or the luminous intensity of the light source can be controlled by changing the supply voltage or the phase angle of the supply voltage.
- the color temperature of the light source and consequently also the color of the illuminated object are changed, which is particularly disadvantageous is when the image of the mirror instrument is to be photographed or taken with a television camera.
- the range in which the light intensity can be changed with a gray wedge is, however, limited and, in particular, does not allow the light to pass through unhindered and thus the maximum illumination of the cavity.
- An iris diaphragm changes the diameter of the light bundle and thus the light entry and exit angles in or out of the fiber optics, and with a sector or fan diaphragm a sector remains in the light bundle even when fully open and prevents, similar to the gray wedge, the maximum possible illumination of the cavity.
- the conventional sickle or slit diaphragms also enable the control of the light flow of a fiber optic light source at a constant color temperature.
- the angular distribution of the light at the light guide exit is significantly less dependent on the diaphragm position, so that for visual applications the constancy of the illuminance distribution on the object is fully sufficient.
- the use of the sickle screen can also be problematic.
- a cold light source and a method for brightness control are described in DE-A-33 * 39 '522.
- the method described in this document uses a control element for regulating the light output and a pulse width control circuit for stabilizing the light source and cannot prevent the color temperature from changing sensitively when regulating the light intensity.
- ÜS-A-4 '233' 650 a diaphragm arrangement of three rings is disclosed, with which the light beam can be covered sector by sector.
- the light intensity can thus be continuously regulated without changing the color temperature.
- the spatial angular distribution of the light beam and thus also the spatial angular distribution of the luminance of the illuminated object become asymmetrical, which leads to inhomogeneities of the brightness in the observation field, in particular in the case of electronic image evaluation, since this angular distribution leads to slight smearing and cropping the total reflection condition, the mean polar angular distribution, which corresponds to the light guide from the projection system, ie Lamp, condenser, aperture, is offered on the entry side.
- a change in the angular distribution on the entry side of the light guide immediately results in a change in the distribution of the illuminance over the object.
- the light flow from the light source should not be impeded when the opening is fully open, and neither the color temperature of the light source nor the spatial angular distribution of the light bundle entering or leaving the fiber optics should be changed when the lighting is changed, and the light losses should be reduced to a minimum .
- the new lighting method enables the light falling on the entrance surface of the fiber optic to be changed continuously without influencing the color temperature or the light entry angle and without impeding the maximum possible light flow.
- the light beam is no longer covered with a gap, i.e. Wedge or sickle, but through several columns at the same time.
- a gap i.e. Wedge or sickle
- the diaphragm arrangement is arranged on a rotatable disc having a plurality of mutually parallel sickle openings, which open into an aperture opening that is open to the entire light beam.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic plan view of an illumination device for carrying out the method according to the invention
- Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the conventional
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of the variation according to the invention of the illuminance of a light beam
- FIG. 6 shows a diagram of the brightness distribution with a double sickle screen according to the invention
- FIG. 7 shows a diagram of the brightness distribution with a five-fold sickle diaphragm according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows the top view of a lighting device, the cover of which has been removed.
- the device contains a housing 1 which by means of a Partition 11 is divided into two chambers 12, 13.
- a light source 16 is arranged in the first chamber 12 and adjacent to the center of the partition.
- This light source contains a glass bulb 17 with an incandescent ribbon and a cold light mirror 18, which is transparent to heat radiation.
- the base of the light source is inserted into an opening 19 in the partition. The diameter of this opening is considerably larger than the diameter of the lamp base in order to allow cooling air to flow through.
- a connecting piece 21 for a fiber optic 22 is fastened in the front wall 20 of the housing and practically opposite the lamp.
- the fiber optic can be screwed into the connector, inserted or held with a bayonet catch.
- a cooling element 24, which is provided for guiding cooling air, is arranged on the inside of the front wall and the entry surface 23 of the fiber optics.
- an interference filter 25 is installed in front of the entry surface of the fiber optics, with a coating facing the light source and reflecting IR radiation.
- the cold light mirror 18 on the light source 16 and the interference filter 25 reduce the proportion of IR radiation in the light impinging on and transmitted by the fiber optics. In particular, heating of the fiber optics is to be avoided in this way because with longer exposure to heat the adhesive located between the individual fibers softens and the fiber optics can be adversely affected or even destroyed.
- An aperture 26 according to the invention is installed in the path of the light bundle along the bundle axis 35 between the light source 16 and the interference filter 24.
- the aperture is formed as a circular disc. and on an axis of rotation
- FIG. 2 shows a light bundle 50 which is generated by the light source 16 and in particular by the lamp 17 and the mirror 18 and is directed onto the image surface or. Entry surface 23 of the fiber optics is directed.
- the shadows 52 produced by a conventional diaphragm 26, which greatly reduce the angle of incidence range, are clearly recognizable. For any point P on the image surface 23, the angular range of the incident light beam is greatly narrowed.
- the angular range of the light striking this point P is essentially retained in the method according to the invention, as can be clearly seen from FIG. 3.
- the shadows 53 shown in this embodiment are uniformly distributed over the entire angular range of the light beam and produce a correspondingly uniformly distributed illuminance.
- the diaphragm arrangement is arranged at a distance from the image area 23, at which any point P on this image area 23 can receive light from each aperture opening from each of the partial light beams 55 generated by the diaphragm arrangement 26, the brightness is also evenly distributed over the entire image area 23. Additional inhomogeneities in the luminous flux are compensated for by using a light-mixing fiber-optic bundle.
- FIG. 4 shows a preferred diaphragm 26 with nine crescent-shaped diaphragm openings 61.
- This diaphragm 26 has a first zone 62 through which the light beam 50 can pass unhindered.
- a second zone 63 is large enough to completely interrupt the luminous flux of the entire light bundle 50.
- the crescent-shaped diaphragm openings 61 taper towards this second zone 63 and, by simply rotating the diaphragm disk 26, allow the luminous flux to be varied continuously.
- FIGS. 5, 6 and 7. The effectiveness of this preferred aperture is made clear in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7.
- 80% of the light from a given light beam is shadowed.
- the values for the brightness of the image surface along an intersection axis are shown as value curves.
- their associated two-dimensional distribution is also illustrated as a top view, the blackening corresponding to the brightness values of the diagram. 5 shows the uneven distribution of brightness, as is produced by a conventional sickle screen, clearly.
- a ring structure can also be seen in FIG. 6, as is produced by a double sickle screen according to the invention.
- FIG. 7 shows the brightness distribution of an aperture according to the invention with five crescent-shaped apertures.
- the geometry of the individual diaphragm openings 61 corresponds to the desired requirements and, in particular, linear or logarithmic, wedge-shaped or sickle-shaped diaphragm openings are used.
- several such screens can be arranged one behind the other in order to cooperate in a suitable manner.
- the present method and the associated special diaphragm arrangement are used in particular in lighting technology and for light intensity control in fiber-optic lighting devices, as are described, for example, in CH-A-1255 / 89-7.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Leuchtdichte-Regelung Luminance control
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur konti¬ nuierlichen Variation der Leuchtdichte einer beleuchtbaren Bildfläche, welche Variation mit einer Blendenanordnung, die auf ein auf diese Bildfläche gerichtetes Lichtbündel wirkt, erzeugt wird, sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens.The present invention relates to a method for the continuous variation of the luminance of an illuminable image area, which variation is produced with a diaphragm arrangement which acts on a light beam directed onto this image area, and an apparatus for carrying out this method.
Solche Verfahren und Vorrichtungen finden in vielen opti¬ schen Geräten ihre Verwendung und haben ihre ganz besondere Bedeutung in der Beleuchtungstechnik. Insbesondere werden in der Medizin und für die technische Inspektion von Hohlräumen solche Beleuchtungsvorrichtungen eingesetzt, mittels welchen die notwendigen Untersuchungen und Manipulationen auch ohne direkten Sichtkontakt ausgeführt werden können, beispiels¬ weise zusammen mit technischen oder medizinischen Endosko- pen. Vorzugsweise enthalten solche Beleuchtungsvorrichtungen zusätzlich ein Wärmeschutzfilter, das zwischen der Licht¬ quelle und dem Eingang der Faseroptik angeordnet ist, um den Eintritt von Wärmestrahlung in die Faseroptik zu vermeiden. Solche Beleuchtungsvorrichtungen werden darum auch als Kalt¬ lichtquellen bezeichnet.Such methods and devices are used in many optical devices and are of particular importance in lighting technology. In particular, such lighting devices are used in medicine and for the technical inspection of cavities, by means of which the necessary examinations and manipulations can also be carried out without direct visual contact, for example together with technical or medical endoscopes. Such lighting devices preferably additionally contain a heat protection filter, which is arranged between the light source and the entrance of the fiber optics, in order to avoid the entry of heat radiation into the fiber optics. Such lighting devices are therefore also referred to as cold light sources.
Es gibt verschiedene Möglichkeiten, die Ausleuchtung eines Hohlkörpers durch Variation der Leuchtdichte am Ausgang der Faseroptik zu beeinflussen. Beispielsweise können durch Aendern der Speisespannung oder des Phasenanschnitts der Speisespannung der Lichtstrom oder die Lichtstärke der Lichtquelle gesteuert werden. Dabei wird aber auch die Farbtemperatur der Lichtquelle und folglich auch die Farbe des beleuchteten Objekts verändert, was besonders nachteilig ist, wenn das Bild des Spiegelinstruments fotografiert oder mit einer Fernsehkamera aufgenommen werden soll. Weiter ist • es möglich, zwischen der Lichtquelle und dem Eingang der Faseroptik einen verschiebbaren Graukeil anzuordnen. Der Bereich in dem die Lichtintensität mit einem Graukeil geän¬ dert werden kann, ist jedoch begrenzt und ermöglicht insbe¬ sondere nicht den unbehinderten Durchtritt des Lichts und damit die maximale Ausleuchtung des Hohlraums. Auch die Ver¬ wendung der bekannten mechanischen Blenden ist mit Nachtei¬ len verbunden. Eine Irisblende ändert den Durchmesser des Lichtbündels und damit den Lichteintritts- und den Lichtaus¬ trittswinkel in bzw. aus der Faseroptik, und bei einer Sektoren- oder Fächerblende verbleibt auch bei voller Oeff- nung ein Sektor im Lichtbündel und verhindert, ähnlich wie der Graukeil, die maximalmögliche Ausleuchtung des Hohl¬ raums.There are various ways of influencing the illumination of a hollow body by varying the luminance at the output of the fiber optics. For example, the luminous flux or the luminous intensity of the light source can be controlled by changing the supply voltage or the phase angle of the supply voltage. However, the color temperature of the light source and consequently also the color of the illuminated object are changed, which is particularly disadvantageous is when the image of the mirror instrument is to be photographed or taken with a television camera. It is also possible • to arrange a movable gray wedge between the light source and the input of the fiber optics. The range in which the light intensity can be changed with a gray wedge is, however, limited and, in particular, does not allow the light to pass through unhindered and thus the maximum illumination of the cavity. The use of the known mechanical screens is also associated with disadvantages. An iris diaphragm changes the diameter of the light bundle and thus the light entry and exit angles in or out of the fiber optics, and with a sector or fan diaphragm a sector remains in the light bundle even when fully open and prevents, similar to the gray wedge, the maximum possible illumination of the cavity.
Die konventionellen Sichel- bzw. Spaltblenden ermöglichen ebenfalls die Steuerung des Lichtstron.es einer faseropti¬ schen Lichtquelle bei konstanter Farbtemperatur. Dabei ist im Gegensatz zu Loch- bzw. Irisblenden die Winkelverteilung des Lichtes am Lichtleiteraustritt bedeutend weniger von der Blendenstellung abhängig, so dass für visuelle Anwendungen die Konstanz der Beleuchtungsstärkeverteilung auf dem Objekt vollauf genügt.The conventional sickle or slit diaphragms also enable the control of the light flow of a fiber optic light source at a constant color temperature. In contrast to pin and iris diaphragms, the angular distribution of the light at the light guide exit is significantly less dependent on the diaphragm position, so that for visual applications the constancy of the illuminance distribution on the object is fully sufficient.
Im Bereich der Messtechnik und der Bildverarbeitung, welche sehr empfindlich auf Homogenitätsschwankungen sind, kann auch die Anwendung der Sichelblende problematisch werden. Insbesondere bei der Verwendung .von einfachen Lichtleitern. Beispielsweise ist eine Kaltlichtquelle und ein Verfahren zur Helligkeitsregelung in der DE-A-33 *39 '522 beschrieben. Das in dieser Schrift beschriebene Verfahren verwendet ein Regelglied zur Regelung der Lichtleistung sowie eine Impulsbreiten-Steuerungsschaltung zur Stabilisierung der Lichtquelle und kann nicht verhindern, dass sich beim Regeln der Lichtstärke die Farbtemperatur empfindlich ändert.In the field of measurement technology and image processing, which are very sensitive to fluctuations in homogeneity, the use of the sickle screen can also be problematic. Especially when using simple light guides. For example, a cold light source and a method for brightness control are described in DE-A-33 * 39 '522. The method described in this document uses a control element for regulating the light output and a pulse width control circuit for stabilizing the light source and cannot prevent the color temperature from changing sensitively when regulating the light intensity.
In der ÜS-A-4 '233 '650 wird eine Blendenanordnung aus drei Ringen offenbart, mit welcher das Lichtbündel sektorweise abgedeckt werden kann. Damit kann die Lichtstärke konti¬ nuierlich geregelt werden, ohne dass dabei die Farbtempe¬ ratur verändert wird. Mit dieser Blendenanordnung wird jedoch die räumliche Winkelverteilung des Lichtbündels und damit auch die räumliche Winkelverteilung der Leuchtdichte des beleuchteten Objekts asymmetrisch, was insbesondere bei einer elektronischen Bildauswertung zu Inhomogenitäten der Helligkeit im Beobachtungsfeld führt, da diese Winkelvertei¬ lung, bis auf schwache Verschmierungen und Beschneidungen durch die Totalreflexionsbedingung, der mittleren polaren Winkelverteilung entspricht, welche dem Lichtleiter vom Projektionssystem, d.h. Lampe, Kondensor, Blende, auf der Eintrittsseite angeboten wird.In the ÜS-A-4 '233' 650 a diaphragm arrangement of three rings is disclosed, with which the light beam can be covered sector by sector. The light intensity can thus be continuously regulated without changing the color temperature. With this diaphragm arrangement, however, the spatial angular distribution of the light beam and thus also the spatial angular distribution of the luminance of the illuminated object become asymmetrical, which leads to inhomogeneities of the brightness in the observation field, in particular in the case of electronic image evaluation, since this angular distribution leads to slight smearing and cropping the total reflection condition, the mean polar angular distribution, which corresponds to the light guide from the projection system, ie Lamp, condenser, aperture, is offered on the entry side.
Eine Veränderung der Winkelverteilung auf der Eintrittsseite des Lichtleiters hat unmitttelbar eine Veränderung der Ver¬ teilung der Beleuchtungsstärke auf das Objekt zur Folge.A change in the angular distribution on the entry side of the light guide immediately results in a change in the distribution of the illuminance over the object.
Beim Abblenden mit Sichel- bzw. Spaltblenden am Lichtleiter¬ eintritt-werden die Randwinkel des Lichtbündels in einer Dimension beschnitten und damit die Qualität der Beleuch¬ tungsverteilung geändert. In der EP-A-66'901 wird vorgeschlagen, zwischen Blenden¬ anordnung und dem zu beleuchtenden Objekt ein f seroptisches Element, insbesondere ein Lichtfaserbündel, einzusetzen, welches die Helligkeitsunterschiede auf der Eintrittsfläche ausmittelt, indem durch die Verwendung von Fasern mit einem dünnen Fasermantel das Licht in den einzelnen Fasern unter¬ einander gemischt wird und dadurch zu einer gleichmässigen Helligkeitsverteilung auf der Austrittsfläche führt. Mit dieser Massnahme kann die Beleuchtungsstärke erfolgreich homogenisiert werden, jedoch müssen wegen der Verwendung von dünnmanteligen Fasern Lichtverluste in Kauf genommen werden und die Winkelverteilung des Lichts kann auf der Eintritts¬ fläche nicht wesentlich geändert werden.When dimming with sickle or slit diaphragms at the light guide entrance, the contact angles of the light bundle are trimmed in one dimension and thus the quality of the lighting distribution is changed. In EP-A-66'901 it is proposed to use an optical element, in particular an optical fiber bundle, between the diaphragm arrangement and the object to be illuminated, which element averages out the differences in brightness on the entrance surface by using fibers with a thin fiber cladding the light in the individual fibers is mixed with one another and thereby leads to a uniform distribution of brightness on the exit surface. With this measure, the illuminance can be successfully homogenized, but due to the use of thin-clad fibers, light losses have to be accepted and the angular distribution of the light on the entrance surface cannot be changed significantly.
Es ist deshalb Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Ver¬ fahren zur kontinuierlichen Variation der Leuchtdichte einer Bildfläche zu schaffen, welche die Nachteile der bekannten Verfahren und Vorrichtungen nicht aufweist und insbesondere eine über die gesamte Bildfläche gleichmässige Verteilung der Leuchtdichte erzeugt.It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a method for continuously varying the luminance of an image area which does not have the disadvantages of the known methods and devices and in particular produces a uniform distribution of the luminance over the entire image area.
Insbesondere soll bei voller Oeffnung der Lichtfluss von der Lichtquelle nicht behindert und beim Aendern der Beleuchtung weder die Farbtemperatur der Lichtquelle noch die räumliche Winkelverteilung des in die Faseroptik ein- oder austreten¬ den Lichtbündels geändert werden und sollen die Lichtver¬ luste auf ein Minimum reduziert werden.In particular, the light flow from the light source should not be impeded when the opening is fully open, and neither the color temperature of the light source nor the spatial angular distribution of the light bundle entering or leaving the fiber optics should be changed when the lighting is changed, and the light losses should be reduced to a minimum .
Erfindungsgemäss wird diese Aufgabe mit einer Beleuchtungs¬ vorrichtung der eingangs definierten Art gelöst, die durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils der Ansprüche 1 und 5 gekennzeichnet ist. Weitere Merkmale ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.According to the invention, this object is achieved with a lighting device of the type defined in the introduction, which has the features of the characterizing part of claims 1 and 5 is marked. Further features result from the dependent claims.
Das neue Beleuchtungsverfahren ermöglicht, das auf die Ein¬ trittsfläche der Faseroptik fallende Licht stetig zu verän¬ dern, ohne die Farbtemperatur oder den Lichteintrittswinkel zu beeinflussen und ohne den maximalmöglichen Lichtfluss zu behindern. Hierbei erfolgt die Abdeckung des Lichtbündels nicht mehr mit einem Spalt, d.h. Keil oder Sichel, sondern durch mehrere Spalten gleichzeitig. Dadurch werden auch bei teilweise geschlossener Blende noch Lichtstrahlen mit gros- sem Winkel senkrecht zur Blende durchgelassen.The new lighting method enables the light falling on the entrance surface of the fiber optic to be changed continuously without influencing the color temperature or the light entry angle and without impeding the maximum possible light flow. The light beam is no longer covered with a gap, i.e. Wedge or sickle, but through several columns at the same time. As a result, even with a partially closed diaphragm, light rays with a large angle are let through perpendicular to the diaphragm.
Entscheidend für die Wirksamkeit dieses Verfahrens sind die Winkel, unter welchen die Abstände der einzelnen spaltförmi- gen Blendenöffnungen für den Lichtleiter erscheinen. Durch die Verwendung einer Faseroptik mit lichtmischenden Fasern kann die Leuchtdichte der Austrittsfläche der Faseroptik homogenisiert werden.Decisive for the effectiveness of this process are the angles at which the distances between the individual slit-shaped diaphragm openings appear for the light guide. By using fiber optics with light-mixing fibers, the luminance of the exit surface of the fiber optics can be homogenized.
Ein weiterer Vorteil dieser Neuentwicklung ist, dass die Abdunklung in Abhängikgeit der Blendenstellung bedeutend besser vorgegeben werden kann, da der Lichtstrom im Strah¬ lenbündel lokal gesteuert wird und damit inhomogene Licht¬ stromverteilungen am Ort der Blende keine Gewichtung der Blendenstruktur verursachen können, d.h. beim Abblenden zu keinen lokalen Helligkeitsverschiebungen führen können.Another advantage of this new development is that the darkening can be specified much better depending on the aperture position, since the luminous flux in the beam is locally controlled and thus inhomogeneous luminous flux distributions at the location of the aperture cannot cause weighting of the aperture structure, i.e. cannot lead to local shifts in brightness when stopping down.
In der bevorzugten Ausführungsform "ist die Blendenanordnung auf einer drehbaren Scheibe angeordnet, welche mehrere parallel zueinander verlaufende Sichelöffnungen aufweist, welche in eine für das gesamte Lichtbündel offene Blenden¬ öff ung münden.In the preferred embodiment, "the diaphragm arrangement is arranged on a rotatable disc having a plurality of mutually parallel sickle openings, which open into an aperture opening that is open to the entire light beam.
Nachfolgend soll das Verfahren und eine besondere Ausfüh¬ rungsform für die Blendenanordnung mit Hilfe der Figuren beschrieben werden. Es zeigen:The method and a special embodiment for the diaphragm arrangement are to be described below with the aid of the figures. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Aufsicht auf eine Beleuchtungs¬ vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens,1 shows a schematic plan view of an illumination device for carrying out the method according to the invention,
Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung zur konventionellenFig. 2 is a schematic representation of the conventional
Variation der Beleuchtungsstärke eines Lichtbündels.Vary the illuminance of a light beam.
Fig. 3 eine schematische Darstellung zur erfindungsgemässen Variation der Beleuchtungsstärke eines Lichtbündels,3 shows a schematic illustration of the variation according to the invention of the illuminance of a light beam,
Fig. 4 eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform einer Blende zur erfindungsgemässen Blendenanordnung,4 shows a preferred embodiment of a diaphragm for the diaphragm arrangement according to the invention,
Fig. 5 ein Diagramm der Helligkeitsverteilung mit einer konventionellen Sichelblende,5 shows a diagram of the brightness distribution with a conventional sickle screen,
Fig. 6 ein Diagramm der Helligkeitsverteilung mit einer erfindungsgemässen Doppelsichelblende,6 shows a diagram of the brightness distribution with a double sickle screen according to the invention,
Fig. 7 ein Diagramm der Helligkeitsverteilung mit einer erfindungsgemässen fünffachen Sichelblende.7 shows a diagram of the brightness distribution with a five-fold sickle diaphragm according to the invention.
In Fig. 1 ist schematisch die Aufsicht auf eine Beleuch¬ tungsvorrichtung gezeigt, deren Abdeckung abgenommen ist. Die Vorrichtung enthält ein Gehäuse 1, das mittels einer Trennwand 11 in zwei Kammern 12, 13 unterteilt ist. In der ersten Kammer 12 und der Mitte der Trennwand benachbart, ist eine Lichtquelle 16 angeordnet. Diese Lichtquelle enthält einen Glaskolben 17 mit einem Glühbändel und einen Kalt¬ lichtspiegel 18, der für Wärmestrahlung durchlässig ist. Der Sockel der Lichtquelle ist in eine Oeffnung 19 in der Trenn¬ wand eingesetzt. Der Durchmesser dieser Oeffnung ist wesent¬ lich grösser als der Durchmesser des Lampensockels, um das Durchströmen von Kühlluft zu ermöglichen.1 schematically shows the top view of a lighting device, the cover of which has been removed. The device contains a housing 1 which by means of a Partition 11 is divided into two chambers 12, 13. A light source 16 is arranged in the first chamber 12 and adjacent to the center of the partition. This light source contains a glass bulb 17 with an incandescent ribbon and a cold light mirror 18, which is transparent to heat radiation. The base of the light source is inserted into an opening 19 in the partition. The diameter of this opening is considerably larger than the diameter of the lamp base in order to allow cooling air to flow through.
In der Vorderwand 20 des Gehäuses und praktisch der Lampe gegenüberliegend ist ein Anschlussstück 21 für eine Faser¬ optik 22 befestigt. Die Faseroptik kann in das Anschluss¬ stück eingeschraubt, eingesteckt oder mit einem Bajonett- verschluss gehaltert werden. Die Innenseite der Vorderwand und der Eintrittsfläche 23 der Faseroptik benachbart ist ein zur Führung von Kühlluft vorgesehendes Kühlelement 24 ange¬ ordnet. Weiter ist vor der Eintrittsfläche der Faseroptik ein Interferenzfilter 25 eingebaut, mit einer der Licht¬ quelle zugewandten und IR-Strahlung reflektierenden Be¬ schichtung. Der Kaltlichtspiegel 18 an der Lichtquelle 16 und das Interferenzfilter 25 vermindern den Anteil der IR- Strahlung in dem auf die Faseroptik auftreffenden und von dieser weitergeleiteten Licht. Damit soll insbesondere eine Erwärmung der Faseroptik vermieden werden, weil bei länger einwirkender Wärme das zwischen den einzelnen Fasern befind¬ liche Klebmittel erweichen und die Faseroptik nachteilig beeinflusst oder gar zerstört werden kann.A connecting piece 21 for a fiber optic 22 is fastened in the front wall 20 of the housing and practically opposite the lamp. The fiber optic can be screwed into the connector, inserted or held with a bayonet catch. A cooling element 24, which is provided for guiding cooling air, is arranged on the inside of the front wall and the entry surface 23 of the fiber optics. Furthermore, an interference filter 25 is installed in front of the entry surface of the fiber optics, with a coating facing the light source and reflecting IR radiation. The cold light mirror 18 on the light source 16 and the interference filter 25 reduce the proportion of IR radiation in the light impinging on and transmitted by the fiber optics. In particular, heating of the fiber optics is to be avoided in this way because with longer exposure to heat the adhesive located between the individual fibers softens and the fiber optics can be adversely affected or even destroyed.
Im Weg des Lichtbündels entlang der Bündelachse 35 ist zwischen der Lichtquelle 16 und dem Interferenzfilter 24 eine erfindungsgemässe Blende 26 eingebaut. Die Blende ist als kreisförmige Scheibe .ausgebildet und auf einer DrehachseAn aperture 26 according to the invention is installed in the path of the light bundle along the bundle axis 35 between the light source 16 and the interference filter 24. The aperture is formed as a circular disc. and on an axis of rotation
27 befestigt. Die Drehachse ist durch eine Führungsöffnung • 27 attached. The axis of rotation is through a guide opening •
28 in der- Vorderwand des Gehäuses geführt und an ihrem freien Ende ist ein zum manuellen Betätigen vorgesehender Drehkopf 29 befestigt.28 guided in the front wall of the housing and at its free end a rotary head 29 provided for manual actuation is attached.
Die schematische Darstellung in Fig. 2 zeigt ein Lichtbündel 50, welches von der Lichtquelle 16 und insbesondere von der Lampe 17 und dem Spiegel 18 erzeugt wird und auf die Bild¬ fläche resp. Eintrittsfläche 23 der Faseroptik gerichtet ist. Deutlich erkennbar sind die durch eine konventionelle Blende 26 erzeugten Abschattungen 52, welche den Einfalls¬ winkelbereich stark reduzieren. Für einen beliebigen Punkt P auf der Bildfläche 23 wird der Winkelbereich des auftreffen¬ den Lichtbündels stark eingeengt.The schematic representation in FIG. 2 shows a light bundle 50 which is generated by the light source 16 and in particular by the lamp 17 and the mirror 18 and is directed onto the image surface or. Entry surface 23 of the fiber optics is directed. The shadows 52 produced by a conventional diaphragm 26, which greatly reduce the angle of incidence range, are clearly recognizable. For any point P on the image surface 23, the angular range of the incident light beam is greatly narrowed.
Demgegenüber bleibt der Winkelbereich des auf diesen Punkt P auftreffenden Lichts beim erfindungsgemässen Verfahren im wesentlichen erhalten, wie aus der Fig. 3 deutlich zu er¬ sehen ist. Die in dieser Ausführungsform dargestellten Abschattungen 53 sind über den gesamten Winkelbereich des Lichtbündels gleich ässig verteilt und erzeugen eine ent¬ sprechend gleichmässig verteilte Beleuchtungsstärke. Da erfindungsgemäss die Blendenanordnung in einem Abstand von der Bildfläche 23 angeordnet ist, bei welchem jeder belie¬ bige Punkt P auf dieser Bildfläche 23 aus jeder Blendenöff¬ nung Licht des von jedem der von der Blendenanordnung 26 erzeugten Teillichtbündel 55 empfangen kann, ist auch die Helligkeit auf der gesamten Bildfläche 23 gleichmässig verteilt. Weitere Inhomogenitäten des Lichtstroms werden durch die Verwendung eines lichtmischenden faseroptischen Bündels ausgeglichen.In contrast, the angular range of the light striking this point P is essentially retained in the method according to the invention, as can be clearly seen from FIG. 3. The shadows 53 shown in this embodiment are uniformly distributed over the entire angular range of the light beam and produce a correspondingly uniformly distributed illuminance. Since, according to the invention, the diaphragm arrangement is arranged at a distance from the image area 23, at which any point P on this image area 23 can receive light from each aperture opening from each of the partial light beams 55 generated by the diaphragm arrangement 26, the brightness is also evenly distributed over the entire image area 23. Additional inhomogeneities in the luminous flux are compensated for by using a light-mixing fiber-optic bundle.
Fig. 4 zeigt eine bevorzugte Blende 26 mit neun sichelförmi¬ gen Blendenöffnungen 61. Diese Blende 26 weist eine erste Zone 62 auf, durch welche das Lichtbündel 50 ungehindert hindurchtreten kann. Eine zweite Zone 63 ist gross genug, um dem Lichtstrom des gesamten Lichtbündels 50 vollständig zu unterbrechen. Die sichelförmigen Blendenöffnungen 61 verjün¬ gen sich zu dieser zweiten Zone 63 hin und erlauben durch einfache Drehung der Blendenscheibe 26 ein kontinuierliche Variation des Lichtstroms.4 shows a preferred diaphragm 26 with nine crescent-shaped diaphragm openings 61. This diaphragm 26 has a first zone 62 through which the light beam 50 can pass unhindered. A second zone 63 is large enough to completely interrupt the luminous flux of the entire light bundle 50. The crescent-shaped diaphragm openings 61 taper towards this second zone 63 and, by simply rotating the diaphragm disk 26, allow the luminous flux to be varied continuously.
Die Wirksamkeit dieser bevorzugten Blende ist in den Fig. 5, 6 und 7 deutlich gemacht. In allen drei Diagrammen werden 80% des Lichtes eines vorgegebenen Lichtbündels abgeschat¬ tet. Die Werte für die Helligkeit der Bildfläche längs einer Schnittachse sind als Wertekurven dargestellt. Zur Verdeut¬ lichung dieser Wertekurven ist deren dazugehörige zwei- dimensionale Verteilung daneben als Aufsicht veranschau¬ licht, wobei die Schwärzung den Helligkeitswerten des Dia¬ gramms entspricht. In Fig. 5 ist die ungleichmässige Hellig¬ keitsverteilung, wie sie von einer konventionellen Sichel¬ blende erzeugt wird, deutlich zu erkennen. Ebenso kann in Fig. 6 noch eine Ringstruktur erkannt werden, wie sie von einer erfindungsgemässen zweifachen Sichelblende erzeugt wird. Trotz dieser erkennbaren Ringstruktur ist die Aus¬ leuchtung bereits viel gleichmässiger über die gesamte Bildfläche verteilt als im vorhergehenden Fall. Keine erkennbaren Strukturen sind in der Fig. 7 zu erkennen, welche die Helligkeitsverteilung einer erfindungsgemässen Blende mit fünf sichelförmigen Blendenöffnungen zeigt.The effectiveness of this preferred aperture is made clear in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7. In all three diagrams, 80% of the light from a given light beam is shadowed. The values for the brightness of the image surface along an intersection axis are shown as value curves. To clarify these value curves, their associated two-dimensional distribution is also illustrated as a top view, the blackening corresponding to the brightness values of the diagram. 5 shows the uneven distribution of brightness, as is produced by a conventional sickle screen, clearly. Likewise, a ring structure can also be seen in FIG. 6, as is produced by a double sickle screen according to the invention. Despite this recognizable ring structure, the illumination is already distributed much more uniformly over the entire image area than in the previous case. No recognizable structures can be seen in FIG. 7, which shows the brightness distribution of an aperture according to the invention with five crescent-shaped apertures.
Es versteht sich, dass in Weiterbildungen der obigen Erfin¬ dung die Geometrie der einzelen Blendenöffnungen 61 den gewünschten Erfordernissen entspricht und insbesondere linear oder logarithmisch verlaufende, keil- oder sichel¬ förmige Blendenöffnungen verwendet werden. Ebenso können je nach Anwendungsgebiet mehrere solche Blenden hintereinander angeordnet sein, um in geeigneter Weise zusammenzuwirken.It goes without saying that in further developments of the above invention, the geometry of the individual diaphragm openings 61 corresponds to the desired requirements and, in particular, linear or logarithmic, wedge-shaped or sickle-shaped diaphragm openings are used. Likewise, depending on the field of application, several such screens can be arranged one behind the other in order to cooperate in a suitable manner.
Das vorliegende Verfahren und die dazugehörige besondere Blendenanordnung findet seine Verwendung insbesondere in der Beleuchtungstechnik und für die Licht-Intensitätsregelung in faseroptischen Beleuchtungseinrichtungen, wie sie beispiels¬ weise in der CH-A-1255/89-7 beschrieben sind. The present method and the associated special diaphragm arrangement are used in particular in lighting technology and for light intensity control in fiber-optic lighting devices, as are described, for example, in CH-A-1255 / 89-7.
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI923632A FI923632A7 (en) | 1990-12-18 | 1991-11-13 | Brightness adjustment |
| NO92923210A NO923210L (en) | 1990-12-18 | 1992-08-17 | Luminance REGULATION |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH4003/90A CH681394A5 (en) | 1990-12-18 | 1990-12-18 | |
| CH4003/90-0 | 1990-12-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1992011548A1 true WO1992011548A1 (en) | 1992-07-09 |
Family
ID=4267995
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CH1991/000230 Ceased WO1992011548A1 (en) | 1990-12-18 | 1991-11-13 | Luminance regulation |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0529006A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH05504847A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2075990A1 (en) |
| CH (1) | CH681394A5 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI923632A7 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1992011548A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0687852A1 (en) * | 1994-06-15 | 1995-12-20 | Vari-Lite, Inc. | Dimmer blade |
| WO1996013235A3 (en) * | 1994-10-27 | 1996-07-18 | Alcon Lab Inc | Illumination system |
| US7444057B2 (en) | 2007-03-16 | 2008-10-28 | Alcon, Inc. | Variable-wedge rotating-disk beam attenuator for ophthalmic endoilluminator |
| US7499624B2 (en) | 2007-03-16 | 2009-03-03 | Alcon, Inc. | Ophthalmic Endoilluminator with Variable-Wedge Rotating-Disk Beam Attenuator |
| EP1950493A3 (en) * | 2007-01-23 | 2013-01-16 | Dymax Corporation | Light exposure apparatus and method of exposing a photosensitive composition using the apparatus |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19510691A1 (en) * | 1995-03-14 | 1996-09-19 | Joachim Maass | Brightness shutter for image projectors |
| DE10016361B4 (en) * | 2000-04-03 | 2010-08-26 | Leica Microsystems Cms Gmbh | Optical arrangement |
| JP4590095B2 (en) * | 2000-12-07 | 2010-12-01 | オリンパス株式会社 | Light source device |
| DE10255603A1 (en) * | 2002-11-28 | 2004-06-17 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Projector for presentation of images with light modulator generating image, containing reflective, energisable, image generating region and illumination optics with light source |
| JP4664129B2 (en) * | 2005-06-17 | 2011-04-06 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | Spot light source device |
| JP2016090625A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-05-23 | ホロニクス・インターナショナル株式会社 | Light source device for hardening resin |
| CN111352231B (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2021-10-22 | 上海微电子装备(集团)股份有限公司 | A transmittance adjustment device |
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| FR2377662A1 (en) * | 1977-01-18 | 1978-08-11 | Leitz Ernst Gmbh | Microscope illumination regulator system - consists of simple pivoted mechanical shutter with parallel light channels of effective width dependent on set angle |
| DE2731654B1 (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1978-08-24 | English Electric Valve Co Ltd | Rotatable radiation shutter and its use with a pyroelectric television camera tube |
| US4233650A (en) * | 1977-10-08 | 1980-11-11 | Ernst Leitz Wetzlar Gmbh | Brightness control for fiber optical lamps |
| EP0075044A1 (en) * | 1981-09-19 | 1983-03-30 | Elesta Ag Elektronik | Aid for measuring the surplus of light in light barriers |
| DE3339522A1 (en) * | 1983-11-02 | 1985-05-09 | Faseroptik Henning GmbH & Co, 8501 Allersberg | Stabilised cold-light source |
| DE8802996U1 (en) * | 1988-02-04 | 1988-06-09 | Leica Industrieverwaltung Gmbh, 35578 Wetzlar | Adjustable lighting device for uniform illumination of an image field |
| EP0352755A2 (en) * | 1988-07-26 | 1990-01-31 | Morpheus Lights, Inc. | Spectral filter module |
-
1990
- 1990-12-18 CH CH4003/90A patent/CH681394A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-11-13 JP JP3517634A patent/JPH05504847A/en active Pending
- 1991-11-13 CA CA002075990A patent/CA2075990A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-11-13 WO PCT/CH1991/000230 patent/WO1992011548A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-11-13 FI FI923632A patent/FI923632A7/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-11-13 EP EP91918584A patent/EP0529006A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE690378C (en) * | 1935-06-04 | 1940-04-24 | Paul Gossen | Arrangement for the gradual screening of a radiation-sensitive material |
| DE2246270A1 (en) * | 1971-09-23 | 1973-03-29 | Ferranti Ltd | DEVICE FOR FORMATION OF AN OPTICAL OPENING WITH VARIABLE AREA |
| US3975099A (en) * | 1975-06-16 | 1976-08-17 | Perkin-Elmer Limited | Optical null apparatus |
| FR2377662A1 (en) * | 1977-01-18 | 1978-08-11 | Leitz Ernst Gmbh | Microscope illumination regulator system - consists of simple pivoted mechanical shutter with parallel light channels of effective width dependent on set angle |
| DE2731654B1 (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1978-08-24 | English Electric Valve Co Ltd | Rotatable radiation shutter and its use with a pyroelectric television camera tube |
| US4233650A (en) * | 1977-10-08 | 1980-11-11 | Ernst Leitz Wetzlar Gmbh | Brightness control for fiber optical lamps |
| EP0075044A1 (en) * | 1981-09-19 | 1983-03-30 | Elesta Ag Elektronik | Aid for measuring the surplus of light in light barriers |
| DE3339522A1 (en) * | 1983-11-02 | 1985-05-09 | Faseroptik Henning GmbH & Co, 8501 Allersberg | Stabilised cold-light source |
| DE8802996U1 (en) * | 1988-02-04 | 1988-06-09 | Leica Industrieverwaltung Gmbh, 35578 Wetzlar | Adjustable lighting device for uniform illumination of an image field |
| EP0352755A2 (en) * | 1988-07-26 | 1990-01-31 | Morpheus Lights, Inc. | Spectral filter module |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0687852A1 (en) * | 1994-06-15 | 1995-12-20 | Vari-Lite, Inc. | Dimmer blade |
| AU703868B2 (en) * | 1994-06-15 | 1999-04-01 | Vari-Lite, Inc. | Dimmer blade |
| WO1996013235A3 (en) * | 1994-10-27 | 1996-07-18 | Alcon Lab Inc | Illumination system |
| US5658070A (en) * | 1994-10-27 | 1997-08-19 | Alcon Laboratories, Inc. | Method of varying luminous intensity of light in an illumination system |
| EP1950493A3 (en) * | 2007-01-23 | 2013-01-16 | Dymax Corporation | Light exposure apparatus and method of exposing a photosensitive composition using the apparatus |
| US7444057B2 (en) | 2007-03-16 | 2008-10-28 | Alcon, Inc. | Variable-wedge rotating-disk beam attenuator for ophthalmic endoilluminator |
| US7499624B2 (en) | 2007-03-16 | 2009-03-03 | Alcon, Inc. | Ophthalmic Endoilluminator with Variable-Wedge Rotating-Disk Beam Attenuator |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI923632A0 (en) | 1992-08-14 |
| FI923632L (en) | 1992-08-14 |
| FI923632A7 (en) | 1992-08-14 |
| JPH05504847A (en) | 1993-07-22 |
| CA2075990A1 (en) | 1992-06-19 |
| CH681394A5 (en) | 1993-03-15 |
| EP0529006A1 (en) | 1993-03-03 |
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