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WO1992006599A2 - Vaccins pour poissons - Google Patents

Vaccins pour poissons Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992006599A2
WO1992006599A2 PCT/GB1991/001828 GB9101828W WO9206599A2 WO 1992006599 A2 WO1992006599 A2 WO 1992006599A2 GB 9101828 W GB9101828 W GB 9101828W WO 9206599 A2 WO9206599 A2 WO 9206599A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fish
composition
vaccine
emulsion
oil
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1991/001828
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO1992006599A3 (fr
Inventor
Michael Edward John Barratt
Dennis Leadbeater
Original Assignee
Unilever Plc
Unilever Nv
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=8205583&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO1992006599(A2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Unilever Plc, Unilever Nv filed Critical Unilever Plc
Priority to CA002071974A priority Critical patent/CA2071974C/fr
Publication of WO1992006599A2 publication Critical patent/WO1992006599A2/fr
Priority to GB9212207A priority patent/GB2255909B/en
Priority to NO19922445A priority patent/NO314536B1/no
Publication of WO1992006599A3 publication Critical patent/WO1992006599A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
    • A61K9/0056—Mouth soluble or dispersible forms; Suckable, eatable, chewable coherent forms; Forms rapidly disintegrating in the mouth; Lozenges; Lollipops; Bite capsules; Baked products; Baits or other oral forms for animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/02—Bacterial antigens
    • A61K39/0208—Specific bacteria not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/55—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the host/recipient, e.g. newborn with maternal antibodies
    • A61K2039/552—Veterinary vaccine

Definitions

  • This invention relates to compositions useful for oral administration of sensitive materials such as vaccines to aquatic animals, especially fish.
  • Renibacterium salmoninarum enteric redmouth, caused by Yersinia ruckeri; and vibriosis, caused by various strains of Vibrio, notably V.anquillarum and V.salmonicida.
  • Vibrio notably V.anquillarum and V.salmonicida.
  • an oral delivery system in which a vaccine is administered to the fish either as part of the regular diet or in a composition administered together with the regular diet, would be beneficial.
  • Reported experiments involving attempted oral administration of fish vaccines have yielded inconsistent results, and no effective oral vaccine has yet become available commercially.
  • Particular problems recognised in the oral route are: possible loss of or damage to essential vaccine components during manufacture of the composition; possible loss of water-soluble vaccine components in the aqueous environment in which the fish live; and possible degradation of the vaccine within the intestine of the fish before the vaccine has induced a protective response.
  • a particulate composition for oral administration to aquatic creatures, especially fish comprising a water-in-oil emulsion containing a sensitive agent such as a vaccine or the like, the emulsion being carried on a solid edible carrier material, preferably particles of a feed-stuff appropriate for the aquatic creatures.
  • the invention can be adapted for use with aquatic creatures other than true fish, for example Crustacea such as prawns, shrimps, lobsters and crabs, and molluscs such as oysters.
  • Crustacea such as prawns, shrimps, lobsters and crabs
  • molluscs such as oysters.
  • fish should be understood as encompassing other aquatic life forms that may benefit from the oral administration of vaccines and the like.
  • true fish that are reared on a substantial scale in captivity in various parts of the world are: Atlantic salmon, Pacific salmon, rainbow trout, brown trout, catfish, halibut, turbot, carp and tilapia.
  • the sensitive agent will be water-soluble rather than oil-soluble, and hence dispersed in the aqueous phase of the emulsion.
  • the emulsion should contain sufficient of the sensitive agent to provide the desired effect, eg. an effective immune response, when the composition is administered to the fish.
  • the emulsion is applied to particulate fish feed that is nutritionally deficient in oil.
  • the emulsion comprises a water:oil mixture containing not more than about 70% by weight water. More preferably, the water content is not greater than about 65% by weight. Nevertheless, the emulsion must contain sufficient water to act as a carrier for the water-soluble agent, and a particularly preferred water:oil weight ratio range is 6:4 to 4:6.
  • the emulsion comprises at least about 1% by weight of the final composition. More preferably, the emulsion comprises at least about 2%, and ideally at least about 3%, by weight of the composition. Generally, the amount of emulsion is not greater than about 10% by weight.
  • the emulsion should have a viscous consistency, ie. creamy and flowable, to enable it to be applied uniformly to the particulate carrier.
  • the carrier should be relatively dry and non-oily so that the applied emulsion can be absorbed, at least partially, by the particles.
  • the particulate carrier is un-oiled feed in granular or pelletted form.
  • the composition of the feed is not critical to the invention, as long as the formulation is appropriate for the fish to which the composition is to be fed, and at the time of adding the emulsion the particles do not contain oil or other fluid ingredients in such amounts that the emulsion cannot be absorbed by the particles.
  • the particles should still be sufficiently dry and free-flowing to be handled in the same manner as conventional fish feed.
  • Typical fish feeds are high in protein, and are conventionally based on fish meal with added components such as cereals, and oil as an energy source.
  • Fish meal naturally contains a certain amount of oil, but usually this needs to be boosted for nutritional reasons.
  • the additional oil is usually added to the granules or pellets after these have been formed; the oil-deficient material is herein termed "un-oiled".
  • the size of fish feed pellets varies widely, depending on the type and age of the fish; for salmon the pellets typically have a diameter from about 1 to about 6mm, with pellets of about 3mm being appropriate at the smolt stage.
  • Fish feeds can also contain minor components such as vitamins, minerals, preservatives and pigments. Alternatively, non-feed carriers can be used, but these should provide final compositions that are perceived by the fish as normal feed, otherwise the fish may ignore or reject the composition.
  • a composition of the invention should therefore be made to have physical properties as similar as possible to those of the normal feed to which the fish are accustomed.
  • the emulsion should be sufficiently stable to protect the aqueous phase for a time sufficient to enable the composition to be produced and administered to the fish.
  • the emulsion should not "crack", ie. separate into distinct aqueous and oil phases, in less than one week.
  • the emulsion is stable for at least one month.
  • the oil is preferably a neutral oil, because the presence of free fatty acids can sometimes interfere with the formation of an adequately stable emulsion.
  • the level of free fatty acids should be not greater than about 5% by weight of the oil, and ideally not greater than about 3%.
  • Preferred oils are whole fish body oil and neutral marine oil.
  • the emulsion can incorporate an antioxidant such as butylated hydroxytoluene or ethoxyquin.
  • the e ulsifier should be food grade, and is preferably a lecithin.
  • An ideal emulsifier is soya lysolecithin (a modified phospholipid) and examples are available commercially from Unimills BV under the trade name "Bolek”.
  • the emulsifier will comprise from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight of the total emulsion.
  • the emulsion can be prepared by blending the oil and aqueous phases, generally at ambient temperature, using a homogeniser. In-line homogenising equipment is preferred. Preferably the components can be recycled two or more times through the homogeniser if desired.
  • the invention also provides a process for the preparation of an orally ad inistrable composition for fish, wherein a stable water-in-oil emulsion containing a sensitive agent such as a vaccine, is applied to a particulate feedstuff, preferably by pan-coating or the like.
  • additional oil eg. from about 1 to about 3% by weight, is applied to the particulate composition after the application thereto of the emulsion. This can also be achieved by pan-coating.
  • An important aspect of the invention is the use of an oral delivery system to reduce the total effective administered dose level of a vaccine that would otherwise need to be administered by a non-oral route (generally by injection or immersion) in a substantially higher total dose.
  • a non-oral route generally by injection or immersion
  • administration of a vaccine in a composition according to the invention surprisingly enables an effective protective response in f sh to be achieved at a much lower dose level. In some circumstances, a 10-fold reduction in the effective dose level can be achieved.
  • an oral composition of the invention containing a vaccine
  • a combination of routes of administration can be employed, for example by using the oral route to provide a basic level of protection which can be boosted at an appropriate " occasion (eg. when fish are moved or counted, or at a time of greater perceived infection risk) by a supplementary injection or immersion.
  • composition of the invention will generally be administered to farmed fish, it can also be distributed "in the wild" to reduce the incidence of fish disease in the natural environment, so benefiting the indigenous fish population and enhancing global fish resources.
  • the oral composition of the invention can be prepared "on the spot" for immediate administration to fish.
  • a composition of the invention can be prepared and packaged in any manner conventionally used for commercially-available fish feeds, for example in grease-proof sacks, and supplied as a commercial product.
  • the shelf-life of the composition can be enhanced, if necessary, by the incorporation of preservatives, eg. in the applied emulsion.
  • the invention can be used to administer any fish vaccine that can induce an immune response via the gut.
  • the vaccine can be a simple bacterin composition, ie. a killed whole culture of an infective organism, or an extract of a killed culture.
  • the vaccine can comprise toxoided components, ie.
  • the vaccine can comprise live organisms, .preferably attenuated, eg. by controlled culture or by genetic manipulation.
  • the active components of the vaccine can include, or indeed can consist entirely of, factors originally identified in the disease-causing organism but subsequently produced for the purpose of the vaccine by expression in genetically-modified organisms such as E.coli.
  • composition in accordance with the invention can be made as follows.
  • the emulsion was soaked into un-oiled conventional extruded 3mm diameter fish feed pellets (based on fish meal and cereal) , by pan-coating, using 5% emulsion by weight of the feed. An additional 2.5% fish oil by weight was added subsequently to the feed by the same method.
  • the resulting composition was physically indistinguishable from conventional oiled fish feed pellets, and could be handled and fed to fish in any conventional manner, eg. by hand or by mechanical feeders.
  • Example 1 a) 1000 fish; composition of Example 1 containing "Furogen” immersion vaccine formulation @ 0.1 ml/fish*.
  • Example l 1000 fish; composition of Example l containing "Furogen" immersion vaccine formulation ⁇ 0.01 ml/fish*.
  • Control 750 fish receiving a single dose of "Furogen" by injection ⁇ 0.1 ml/fish.
  • the fish were sample weighed and cultured for A.salmonicida. Low-level infection was already present, representing a typical on-farm situation. Further challenge was natural, from the local water supply.
  • results are shown in Table 1, and indicate the percentage cumulative mortality of the trial groups over a one-month period commencing from the start of vaccination.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
  • Lead Frames For Integrated Circuits (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

Abstract

Une composition orale pour des poissons ou des créatures aquatiques semblables comprend une émulsion huileuse visqueuse et stable contenant un vaccin agissant contre les maladies des poissons, l'émulsion étant portée par des particules de nourriture pour poisson. La composition orale peut être administrée à des poissons d'une manière qui ne requiert pas de forte main d'÷uvre et qui ne produit pas de stress chez les poissons, contrairement aux vaccins classiques administrés par injection parentérale. En outre, la composition orale peut réduire sensiblement la dose minimale efficace du vaccin.
PCT/GB1991/001828 1990-10-22 1991-10-18 Vaccins pour poissons WO1992006599A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002071974A CA2071974C (fr) 1990-10-22 1991-10-18 Vaccins pour poissons
GB9212207A GB2255909B (en) 1990-10-22 1992-06-09 Vaccine compositions for fish
NO19922445A NO314536B1 (no) 1990-10-22 1992-06-19 Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av en oralt administrerbar blanding for fisk

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP90311541 1990-10-22
EP90311541.8 1990-10-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992006599A2 true WO1992006599A2 (fr) 1992-04-30
WO1992006599A3 WO1992006599A3 (fr) 1992-07-09

Family

ID=8205583

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1991/001828 WO1992006599A2 (fr) 1990-10-22 1991-10-18 Vaccins pour poissons

Country Status (5)

Country Link
CA (1) CA2071974C (fr)
GB (1) GB2255909B (fr)
IE (1) IE65568B1 (fr)
NO (1) NO314536B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992006599A2 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0640348A1 (fr) * 1993-07-26 1995-03-01 Akzo Nobel N.V. Mélange adjuvant à base d'huile et à base d'eau
WO1995028092A1 (fr) * 1994-04-18 1995-10-26 Gist-Brocades B.V. Emulsions huile dans eau stables
US6013255A (en) * 1994-04-18 2000-01-11 Gist-Brocades B.V. Stable water-in-oil emulsions
EP1573014A2 (fr) * 2002-12-13 2005-09-14 Novartis AG Immunisation de poissons a l'aide de proteines recombinantes exprimees dans des plantes
WO2006098629A1 (fr) * 2005-03-18 2006-09-21 Fishfeed As Procede de production de nourriture pour especes aquatiques
ITFI20090244A1 (it) * 2009-11-21 2011-05-22 Francesca Serdoz Nano-sistemi lipidici liquidi per veicolare principi attivi e nutraceutici in mangimi ad uso zootecnico.
US20140294889A1 (en) * 2011-08-26 2014-10-02 Centro De Ingenieria Genetica Y Biotecnologia Use of the pacap as a molecular adjuvant for vaccines
US20150125509A1 (en) * 2012-05-08 2015-05-07 Novartis Ag Treatment of fish populations with lufenuron
CN105830977A (zh) * 2016-04-12 2016-08-10 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 一种提高优级商品蟹比例的养殖方法

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3492400A (en) * 1968-03-22 1970-01-27 Us Interior Oral immunization of salmonids against furunculosis,and alum-precipitated aeromonas salmonicida antigenic fraction therefor
US3862313A (en) * 1974-01-17 1975-01-21 Us Interior Vibrio vaccine and immunization
JPS6011012B2 (ja) * 1975-10-28 1985-03-22 クミアイ化学工業株式会社 豚及び家禽用成長促進剤並びに家禽用産卵増進剤
DD127010A1 (fr) * 1976-04-05 1977-08-31
DE3224365C2 (de) * 1982-06-30 1985-09-12 Edmund 8901 Wehringen Müller Schwimmfähige Trägermasse für pharmazeutische Produkte und dergleichen
DD259135A1 (de) * 1986-07-22 1988-08-17 Loeffler Friedrich Inst Verfahren zur herstellung von perorialia fuer fische
US4938956A (en) * 1987-04-01 1990-07-03 International Minerals & Chemical Corp. Synergistic immunostimulating composition and method
CA1330303C (fr) * 1989-02-20 1994-06-21 Libor Henry Nikl Composition et methode permettant d'accroitre l'efficacite d'un vaccin pour les poissons

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0640348A1 (fr) * 1993-07-26 1995-03-01 Akzo Nobel N.V. Mélange adjuvant à base d'huile et à base d'eau
US5804199A (en) * 1993-07-26 1998-09-08 Akzo Nobel N. V. Oil-based and water-based adjuvant mixture
WO1995028092A1 (fr) * 1994-04-18 1995-10-26 Gist-Brocades B.V. Emulsions huile dans eau stables
US6013255A (en) * 1994-04-18 2000-01-11 Gist-Brocades B.V. Stable water-in-oil emulsions
EP1573014A2 (fr) * 2002-12-13 2005-09-14 Novartis AG Immunisation de poissons a l'aide de proteines recombinantes exprimees dans des plantes
JP2008532542A (ja) * 2005-03-18 2008-08-21 フィッシュフィード・アーエス 水産養殖種用飼料の製造プロセス
WO2006098629A1 (fr) * 2005-03-18 2006-09-21 Fishfeed As Procede de production de nourriture pour especes aquatiques
AU2006223758B2 (en) * 2005-03-18 2011-01-20 Occurente As Process for manufacture of feed for aquaculture species
US8257763B2 (en) * 2005-03-18 2012-09-04 Occurente As Process for manufacture of feed for aquaculture species
ITFI20090244A1 (it) * 2009-11-21 2011-05-22 Francesca Serdoz Nano-sistemi lipidici liquidi per veicolare principi attivi e nutraceutici in mangimi ad uso zootecnico.
US20140294889A1 (en) * 2011-08-26 2014-10-02 Centro De Ingenieria Genetica Y Biotecnologia Use of the pacap as a molecular adjuvant for vaccines
US9549977B2 (en) * 2011-08-26 2017-01-24 Centro De Ingenieria Genetica Y Biotechnologia Use of the PACAP as a molecular adjuvant for vaccines
US20150125509A1 (en) * 2012-05-08 2015-05-07 Novartis Ag Treatment of fish populations with lufenuron
CN105830977A (zh) * 2016-04-12 2016-08-10 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 一种提高优级商品蟹比例的养殖方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9212207D0 (en) 1992-09-09
CA2071974A1 (fr) 1992-04-23
GB2255909B (en) 1994-08-03
GB2255909A (en) 1992-11-25
IE913644A1 (en) 1992-04-22
NO922445D0 (no) 1992-06-19
WO1992006599A3 (fr) 1992-07-09
NO314536B1 (no) 2003-04-07
CA2071974C (fr) 2006-05-23
IE65568B1 (en) 1995-11-01
NO922445L (no) 1992-08-19

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