WO1992006398A1 - Camera and projection device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a camera which may be used as a projector by scanning the axis of observation or projection of optical fibers (1), of light sources such as lasers, or photonic sensors, scanning by motion of the latter, or reflection or deviation of one or a plurality of mirrors (3 and 4) or prisms in vibratory or rotary motion, such deviation being produced by oscillation of the prism whose material such as piezoelectric quartz will be sensitive to an electric voltage or other force known by those skilled in the art, said force acting on the material and being modulated. The device allows the observation or projection axis to scan an entire surface. The knowledge of the scanning effected by the camera will allow the projection of images and the display on a specific or standard scanning monitor.

Description

 SHOOTING AND PROJECTION DEVICE

The field of the invention relates to microvision and particularly concerns professionals such as the medical, nuclear, like all sectors interested in inspection in cramped environments. Another application of the invention relates to laser projection on small, medium or large areas.

We already know d ^; Spositives of microvisions, all use the CCD technique, or charge transfer, the drawback of this technique is that it limits the miniaturization of cameras, their diameter being at least 6 mm. The other inspection technique, namely multi-fiber networks, has the advantage of falling below such diameters but with the disadvantage of fragility, limited life and the inspection distance limited to a few meters.

One of the objectives of the invention is therefore to avoid using multi-fiber networks for inspections inaccessible to current cameras by proposing a camera which may have a diameter of less than 3 mm.

Another objective is to propose by the same technique a laser beam projection device. The advantage is, here, not to call upon the use of film, therefore to resort to video being able to project in real time or deferred by operating an image processing if desired as well as the others possibilities of video, with projection distance which can be less than a centimeter or more than 100 meters, thanks to the coherence of the laser beam.

The other advantage is to be able to project a high power laser, by this same device.

Another objective is to be able to combine the projection and observation function by the same device and at the same time. We can project an image or a light on the field of view or only part of it, this part being automatically selected according to several possible criteria such as color, light intensity, temperature, position in

ACEMENT space. This device will then be called "semi active camera", leaving the choice of other names.

Yet another objective is to propose, by the miniaturization of the camera, the same miniaturization for the projector, this being able to be included in "head-up" display assemblies for aeronautics, for example.

A final objective of the invention is to propose placing, between the camera and the monitor, a device which will make it possible to read the shot on a monitor with normal scanning or any other scanning.

The technique we use is mentioned in patent N ° 2,575,883. This patent specifies a mechanical scanning mode of an optical fiber for taking pictures. However, this patent has the drawback of proposing the scanning of optical fibers along two axes of orthogonal vibrations and therefore inducing problems of torsion at the level of the fibers, such as problems of irregularity of movement due to these two vibrations effected by the same element.

We therefore propose on the one hand a scanning principle which avoids these twists by not applying two orthogonal vibrations to the same element but by first producing the scanning of a line by vibration, the latter being applied to a mirror or prism deviating the projection or observation axis. light sources preferably laser, optical fibers or photonic sensors for taking pictures. The axes of shooting and projection will be common.

In this case, we have the possibility of scanning where the optical fibers do not undergo any movement, the scanning being carried out by mirrors or prisms in motion and deflecting the light. We will thus allow the use of large diameter fibers or networks of large diameter fibers, and therefore able to guide high power lasers for projection, these fibers or these networks not undergoing, thanks to the deflection of mirrors or the deflection moving prisms, no movement. We can still, to avoid fluctuations in light conductivity at the socket

REPLACEMENT SHEET of view, replace these fibers with photonic sensors, solution mentioned above.

Such a vibration along a single axis, rectilinear sinusoidal vibration for example, can be easily studied by methods of location known to those skilled in the art such as laser interferometry. This location will measure the exact instantaneous amplitude of the vibrating element. We can therefore add these types of tracking to better understand the vibration produced.

The vibration can be carried out by electromagnetism, the electromagnet acting on a metal part making vibrate prism or mirror.

It is also proposed to carry out the vibration with a piezoelectric material supplied under modulated voltage. If the repeatability of the movement of this element during the successive periods of vibration is sufficient, we will free ourselves from means of identifying the movement.

On the other hand, it is suggested, in order to deviate the projection or observation axis, to pass this observation or projection axis through a prism, lens or other body which causes such a deviation proportional deviation to the refractive index of the materials constituting the prism, this material being able to change shape or index by the influence of a magnetic field, heat, voltage, etc. We will especially think of the effect piezoelectric on a quartz. By thus modifying the shape or even the index of the prism or of the lens, we will modify the deviation undergone by the projection or observation axis. By modulating the voltage, or other force which modifies the deviation, and by knowing the different values acquired during this modulation, one will produce an oscillation of the prism or lens and a sweep of which all the amplitudes will be known and controlled. We can cumulate the oscillations of two prisms for example so that the projection or observation axis sweeps a surface.

REPLACEMENT SHEET So to obtain the scanning of a surface, after having scanned a line, we will cumulate this first scanning with a second scanning carried out by a mirror or prism producing this second scanning according to a plane not parallel to the plane containing the first scanning . In the same way as above, by interferometry for example, it will be possible to add a tracking system known to those skilled in the art to better understand the vibration.

It is also possible, for the second scan, to tolerate a rectilinear vibration of the ends of optical fibers, these being glued against the vibrating element over a length sufficient to maintain bonding but not too great to avoid great stresses at the level of these fibers. , this bonding may be a few millimeters against the vibrating element. It is also possible to vibrate one or more sensors for taking the picture, their size being today sufficiently small for this use.

To operate the vibrations for the two scans, it is possible to use a single electromagnet which will vibrate two metal blades at different frequencies, each blade controlling a vibration. Two currents of different frequencies would then combine to power this single electromagnet.

It will obviously be possible, as suggested earlier, to use one or more piezoelectric materials to accomplish one or more vibrations, by avoiding any identification in the event of sufficient repeatability of the piezoelectric at a voltage modulated in equal periods, the evolution of the voltage during a period being equal for all the periods.

Another solution is to combine electromagnetism with piezoelectricity to produce two vibrations.

The vibration frequencies will be different and the ratio between them will be high enough to allow, by combination of the scans produced by reflection of each of them, the production of an image. We can apply for example the report of the European standard of (15625/50) in television. In the case where fibers or sensors are vibrated it would be preferable

REPLACEMENT SHEET to apply to these fibers the lowest vibration frequency, the mirror vibrating at the highest frequency.

To obtain the projection of a surface, it is also possible to drive the mirror producing the scanning of a rotating line, this line being able to change direction alternately or else being continuous.

The ratio between vibration and rotation applied to a single mirror should be high enough to allow image composition.

To bring the mirror into rotation, in the case where it is performed, a motor can be used. The rotation will then be of constant angular speed. One can also drive the mirror in rotation by the rotation of a cable transmitting, like a tachometer, the movement from a motor to this mirror.

We can, on this mirror, perform a rotation, the rotation alternately changing direction, this movement would be comparable to an oscillation and avoids the use of motor or cable driving the mirror in full rotation. In fact, certain mechanisms known to a person skilled in the art and of a sufficiently small format to be placed in the camera itself allow this type of movement to be accomplished.

It is suggested, among other things, to carry out this movement, to place a strip sensitive to the magnetic field and twisted in a spiral, the axis of the spiral being coincident with the axis around which the mechanism whose mirror will rotate in one direction and in the other in an alternative way. For this, it suffices to subject the spiral to a magnetic field which will be varied by modulating the current supplying the electromagnet in an alternative manner for example, one of the directions of this field not being parallel to the axis. of the spiral and preferably perpendicular to this axis. The spiral will be placed inside or will surround a hollow electromagnet, in the latter case not necessarily hollow, so that the lamellae, while approaching and moving away from the axis of the spiral and therefore the one of the others under the effect of magnetism, produce a rotation of a pivot located at the center of the spiral, in the axis of this one and fixed at the other end of the

lamelle. L'extrémité de la lamelle située à l'extérieur de la spirale sera immobilisée en étant par exemple fixée sur la paroi de l'électroaimant creux la contenant. On peut également fixer cette extrémité sur la paroi d'un cylindre fixe, l'autre extrémité étant fixé à un électroaimant constituant l'axe de rotation.

coverslip. The end of the strip located outside the spiral will be immobilized, for example by being fixed on the wall of the hollow electromagnet containing it. This end can also be fixed on the wall of a fixed cylinder, the other end being fixed to an electromagnet constituting the axis of rotation.

If the rotation or oscillation does not have a regular angular speed, we plan to locate the instantaneous angular position by means known to those skilled in the art such as stroboscopic used in turntables. The strobe source will then be guided by optical fiber to the camera. Marks at regular intervals will be made on a rotating part. The mark passing in front of the fiber will be instantly identified, the information being guided to the monitor.

We therefore suggest applying to a single mirror or prism on the one hand a vibration, and on the other hand a rotation, the axis around which the mirror vibrates is not confused with the axis of its rotation. The reflection, on this mirror, of the observation axis of the fiber or of the sensor will have the effect of making this axis describe a whole field of view. The principle is the same for the scanning of a light beam projection axis.

We can, for the rotating mirror, perform this rotation along an axis perpendicular to the plane of the mirror and why not at the center thereof.

Another possibility is to confuse the axis of rotation with the axis in which the optical fibers, sensors are directed, the latter axis being stationary.

It is conceivable that the system producing the rotation drives in rotation the assembly consisting of the mirror and of the elements causing it to vibrate. In the case of a cable driving in the manner of a tachometer, it is even possible to drive the optical fibers .sensors in this rotation. The fibers, as well as the wires joining the sensors to the monitor would then be secured to the rotating cable, wrapped for example around it.

REPLACEMENT SHEET A preferable version is to leave these fibers and sensors stationary, the cable being there only to provide the mirror with this rotation.

With an axis of rotation not perpendicular to the plane of the mirror, one can also cumulate this rotation with a vibration no longer along a pivot axis but by a back and forth, that is to say a variation of the distance mirror-fibers by l 'elongation and retraction of a piezoelectric element, for example, on which would be placed the mirror.

It is then suggested to amplify the deviations undergone by the observation or projection axis to use one or more non-planar and preferably convex mirrors which will reflect this axis.

It is also possible to use, for this purpose, lenses which the observation axis will cross and which will also increase the amplitude of the deviations.

One or more optical fibers can be used for observation, their axis of observation being swept by the vibration of prisms or mirrors. This scan will therefore cover the whole of a shooting or projection field. These fibers will guide the light to photocells located outside the camera and why not near the image viewing monitor. For obtaining a monochrome image, only one shooting fiber may suffice. For a multichrome image, the light can be guided by a single fiber also, an optical system known to those skilled in the art such as a prism and located near the monitor separating the light into fundamental colors. Each of these colors will be recorded by a photoelectric cell. The light can also be guided from the camera to the cells by at least as many fibers as there are fundamental colors, each fiber or group of fibers then guiding the light towards a cell, the latter registering only one color by filtering. of the wavelength of your light coming from the fibers and reaching it.

In order to project, we can take several fibers to guide each color making up the multi-color. We can perform the projection and the shooting by separate fibers or even by ies same fibers alternating for example the projection

REPLACEMENT SHEET and shooting. We will use optical fibers guiding the light from sources outside the camera to the camera. As for shooting, we can, for multi-color, use at least as many fibers as colors, each fiber or group of fibers guiding a fundamental color. It is also possible to pass each of these colors simultaneously or alternately through the same fiber or fibers, the rapid alternation giving a color mixing effect. These fibers could also be used to transport the information necessary for locating the position of the scan, in particular in the case where this study of the position uses as a means of studying the light, in the case of laser interferometry, for example .

We can just as easily, in the case where the fibers, sensors are stationary, replace the optical fibers intended for projection by laser projectors or other light sources, directly located in our device. For projection, in certain cases, the use of light sources such as laser directly in the camera, will have the advantage of being able to project a very high beam power, but with the disadvantage of obtaining, for the camera, a large size. For multichromy, methods known to those skilled in the art already make it possible to project any color by the use of lasers with fundamental colors, these existing.

The axes of observation and projection of all these fiber sensors or light sources will be at least parallel, preferably juxtaposed and why not confused as for the fibers performing the projection and the observation. This makes it possible to have, at each instant of zero duration, only one point of the field of view where the observation and projection is made.

These lasers like these fibers will advantageously serve as lighting for the shooting.

An optical assembly comprising one or more lenses will focus the light, and if necessary correct the image, on the optical fibers or sensor. These same optics will coliimater the beam

REPLACEMENT SHEET bright projection. The focusing lens or optical correction lenses will be placed between the mirror (s) and the fibers or sensors, or else after reflection on the mirror (s).

In the case where these fibers, light sources, sensors will vibrate or rotate by means of a rotating cable, these optics may be entrained in this vibration or rotation by being carried by the vibrating or rotating element. A possibility is provided where this optic remains imm obile between the field of view and the fibers, light sources or sensors, even if these vibrate.

These lenses will obviously be stationary in the case where the vibrations of two mirrors are used for scanning.

it will be possible to place optical connectors on the fibers thus joining the camera to the cells preferably located near the monitor. By the same token, a break in a fiber on the monitor camera junction will not cause the fiber located in the camera or close to the cell. It will suffice to replace the junction which has become interchangeable.

Photoelectric sensors can replace the fibers for shooting in the camera, these sensors then not being more numerous since the course of the whole of a shooting field is done, there also by scanning the observation axis. The light being directly converted into electricity at the level of the sensor, electric or radio links thanks to a transmitter located near the camera will transmit current or information by radio wave to the monitor. As before we can, for multichrome shooting, have as many sensors as fundamental colors. These sensors may be vibrating or even stationary, mirrors or prisms in motion deflecting the axis of observation.

Optical filters will be provided, including a transparent protective filter isolating the interior from the exterior of the camera.

The transmission of information from photoelectric sensor by radio wave to the monitor avoids the presence of a

REPLACEMENT SHEET camera-monitor physical junction but adds the presence of a transmitter near the camera.

Using the optical connectors, the camera can be connected to the physical camera-monitor junction and therefore to other fibers or to an assembly comprising the photoelectric cells and a transmitter transmitting the information to a receiver near the monitor.

We can place, at the end of the sensors or projection or observation fibers, in the camera or at the ends located near the monitor, or even on a place located on the junction between the camera and the monitor, a or liquid crystal filters or other filter whose transparency can vary according to one or more criteria such as light intensity passing through the filter, color, electric current supplied to this filter, ect ..., this so as to operate a filtering independent of each point of the filmed image or of the projection carried out, this in order to avoid too great a difference in brightness between several points of the same image and therefore the phenomena of glare or under-exposure.

Advantageously, provision will be made to decrease or increase the intensity of the light source or projection sources, for example the optical fibers of. projection, if these are juxtaposed or merged with all of the fibers or sensor performing the shooting, as a function of the point of the visual field which is observed during the scanning and in particular of its light intensity, this so as to standardize ^the light intensity of the observed fields.

We can use a device or "interface" that will read the shot on standard or non-standard scanning monitors, whatever the scanning of the observation axis of the camera.

This device will receive the camera signals relating to chrominance, luminance, and the position of the succession of points observed by the camera, the information on their position being provided by a tracking mode located in the camera or deduced from the voltage applied to different systems such as electromagnets, piezoelectric or others, allowing the

REPLACEMENT SHEET scanning. The device will then rearrange the succession of these points so that, for this new succession of points, the rest of their position is identical to their order of appearance on the screen. Each piece of data corresponding to a position will keep the same chrominance and luminance before and after the rearrangement. This device can for example memorize a whole series of points corresponding to an image, to reorder the recorded positions, so that the new sequence is transmitted to the monitor, the operation being repeated for the next image after erasing the memorization. from the previous sequence. Such techniques are known to those skilled in the art and in particular in electronics.

Another solution is that the monitor imitates the scanning of the observation and projection axes in its scanning. This is possible thanks to the precise knowledge of the various positions traversed by the projection and observation axes during the scans. This knowledge is done either through knowledge of the supplies supplied to the elements producing the movements if these movements are sufficiently regular and why not in the case of piezoelectric. This knowledge can also be deduced from the various information provided by position tracking systems such as interferometric. The scanning of the surface is made up of two movements which can be rotations or rectilinear vibrations. So we have two locations, so two pieces of information that come from the camera. We deduce the two coordinates of the observed point and we can then position this point on the monitor according to these coordinates either in real time, or by having memorized the coordinates as well as the chrominance and the luminance of the point which reach us from the sensors or fibers. from the camera. We actually have a monitor there that will follow the scanning of the camera. It suffices that the flux of the electronic brush or that, in general, the chrominance and luminance is produced on the point of the screen which corresponds to the correct coordinates.

A correct distribution in time of the colors can bring, by the scanning of these fibers become light sources, the composition of images. The spot produced by this light on a screen being sufficiently small, this task will represent a point

REPLACEMENT FIRE image definition. Let us not forget that we propose to focus the shooting a set of lenses. This optical assembly will likewise coil the projection beam (s).

Projection sources having their projection axis juxtaposed with that of the shooting, the point where the projection is located will be confused with the point observed during the shooting. Because we know this observed point, we also know the point where the projection is made since it is identical. At this moment, it is enough to emit the color of a point which is located on the same relative position on an image which one records, the successive projection of the filmed points of the image will give in this way the projection by our whole image camera.

The process can be likened to a feedbac process. Indeed, the camera is first scanned, which will in this case serve as a projector. We therefore know exactly the successive positions of the scanning of the axis intended to project. It then suffices to read the photosensitive plate of a camera used for taking the points of this plate being read in the order corresponding to the scanning carried out by our camera performing the projection. Each point read during the shooting will have the correct layout on the projection screen. Finally, it suffices to emit the chrominance and the luminance of this point.

All of these operations can be very fast, we will have an impression of simultaneity and an image can be projected at the same time as it is filmed.

It will also be possible to memorize the image filmed by a conventional camera and to read this memory in deferred fashion in the previous manner. We then read and project a succession of points recorded in the order which corresponds to the succession of the different points traversed by our camera-projector during the scanning carried out for the projection.

The deferred, here, can have only one duration of an image or, if one prefers the comparison, of two fields. Thus, by this last method, the projection can be simultaneous with the shooting.

REPLACEMENT SHEET We can also, decide to project a light according to the light observed at the shooting. For example the observation of a color (including in the infrared) or of a light intensity will decide on the simultaneous emission of a light, light thus illuminating during the scanning the point of the light intensity or of the chosen color. We can thus decide to project in certain specific places a light of greater intensity.

We can also decide to project a light at the heart of certain positions traversed by the scanning of the projection axis and thus determine a projection according to spatial parameters. The criteria for this last projection will be determined by selective values of the information relating to the position of the scan (through the power supplies serving the mechanisms deviating from the shooting and projection axis or through the tracking systems).

You can also control the projection as a function of time, the emission starting at an instant T for a duration D and the operation repeating at intervals I.

We can finally cumulate in the way we want all these parameters deciding on the projection.

The principle described in the patent therefore offers several possibilities. First of all, he mentions means of vibrating at only very low frequency and even of immobilizing the fibers or sensors for shooting and projection. This has the consequence of being able to use fibers of larger diameter and even, for projection, of being able to directly include light sources such as laser sources in the device. Then, it specifies, in fact, the possibility of associating with projection fibers photoelectric sensors for the shooting. In addition, it allows, through the vibration mode of the mirror (s) suggested here, to amplify the effect of a weak deflection of the vibrating element by a sufficient pivoting angle of said mirror to produce, after reflection an amplitude suitable sweep. The device is therefore recommended for various applications already mentioned such as shooting, projection of images, projection of rays automatically oriented towards targets.

FEU'LLE DE * "* ^* "! ^• "" - ^* - i - ^ FMT defined according to several criteria, but also projection intended for photo-printing, ect ....

The device is especially particularly recommended for microvision as well as microprojection.

REPLACEMENT SHEET The device described in the patent will be summarized in the following description appended to the drawings attached to said patent.

Plate 1/7 shows a possible aspect of a device comprising two vibrating mirrors. These two mirrors bear the respective indices 3 and 4. We see in index 1 the assembly consisting of fibers or sensors for taking pictures and projection. In index 2 are the focusing lenses and other optical effects (magnification, ect ...). In 10 is specified the optical axis of the fibers reflected by the mirrors and swept by the vibrations of these mirrors, vibrations exerted on them by elements making them vibrate (7 and 8) by rotating the mirror along pivot axes indices 5 and 6. The index axis 5 is parallel to the section plane of the drawing and the index axis 6 is perpendicular to this section plane. The two axes are located as indicated by the index axis 6 on the plane of their respective mirror and median to it. We can also locate the assembly consisting of lenses upstream of the mirrors, in position index 9

Plate 2/7, Figure 2 shows a version of the device in which one accumulates for the same mirror (1 1) a rotation along an axis index 15 with a vibration by alternating pivotings (13) around the axis index 12, this the latter being perpendicular to the cutting plane, Figure 2 here. The rotation may be carried out by a motor (16) driving for example the mirror as well as the system (14) making it vibrate around the index axis 12. A part of the housing housing this assembly will be transparent (19) or will leave at least pass the desired light for shooting or projection. In index 20, we have the axis of view obviously reflected by the mirror and indices 1 and 2 are obviously fibers, light sources or sensors respectively, then one or more lenses. Figure 3 is a perspective view of Figure 2, with an index 21 image observed or projected by scanning which may be 360 ° around the device.

Plate 3/7 shows the same system, except that the vibration of the mirror no longer consists of a pivoting around an axis, as previously, but in an alternating back and forth movement (22), for example to a piezoelectric element

(24) lengthening and retracting according to the tension which

REPLACEMENT SHEET is provided. In subscript 23 are mentioned various possible positions of the mirror, and thereby, the scanning of the shooting or projection axis (25) after reflection. In index 26, we can place a bulge in the transparent belt (19) which will serve as lenses in order to accentuate (27) by optical effect the scanning due to the comings and goings of the mirror if the amplitude proves to be insufficient. In 28 we have an observed or projected image. The indices 1 and 2 also mention, and for the following figure, the optical fibers, light sources or sensors then one or more lenses. FIG. 5 shows an equivalent device, except that the rotation takes place by a cable (29) which drives an assembly made up here of fibers, sensors or light sources, of the index lens 2, of the mirror whose various positions are specified (32) . Rather than putting the bulge of the belt (index 26 of figure 4), one associated with the rotation, in front of the mirror, a lens index 30. This solution is conceivable for the preceding solution, the engine index 16 also making turn a lens in front of the mirror. In the case of FIG. 5, a transparent part (31) will be included in a protective sheath which does not rotate.

Plate 4/7, Figure 6, shows an arrangement equivalent to that of plate 2/5, except that the axis of rotation (15) is perpendicular to the plane of the mirror (1 1). This has the effect of keeping the shooting axis in a constant direction (33). The vibration mode is kept here by pivoting (13) around an axis contained in the plane of the mirror and itself driven in rotation, a proposal similar to the vibration exerted on the mirror in the plate 2/5. Figure 7 shows the same mirror seen from "below", the axis of rotation (34) then being perpendicular to the plane of this description. In subscript 14 of this figure and the previous one is mentioned the system causing the mirror to vibrate.

Plate 5/7 illustrates the abstract and is identical to Plate 1/5 although with fewer clues.

Plates 6/7 and 7/7 carry a version of camera seen on two cutting planes (Figures 9 and 10) which uses a scanning mode in which the axes of projection and or observation describe a surface thanks to a first rectilinear scanning which is carried out at an angle index 36 by a vibrating element such as piezoelectric or, as here a molten metal blade (35)

REPLACEMENT SHEET by electromagnetism. This vibrating element supports projection light sources and photoelectric sensors or, as here, one or more optical fibers (1) whose axes of shooting or projection are directed towards a mirror index 37, itself pivoting around a axis (38) at an angle index 39. Said mirror is moved, here, thanks to a metal blade (40) attracted and repelled towards extreme positions indices 41 and 42. In index 44 we have optical fibers intended to transmit and receive light information on the distance and the approximation of the mirror and therefore on the amplitude of the scanning. We have at 43 the incident rays emitted and perceived by these index fibers 44. We recall that such locations are known to those skilled in the art. Figure 11 is a schematic representation of this version with index 45 the camera casing. At 46 an electromagnet is included in a part of the belt which will actuate the index blades 40 and 35, at frequencies which may be different depending on the inertia of each blade.

Plate 7/7 completes the description of Plate 6/7 and shows in FIG. 1 1 a perspective of this version with in index 47 an optical assembly carried here by the index blade 35 and which focuses or collimates the projection beams as the 'axis of shooting. FIG. 12 shows the diagram of the rectilinear and orthogonal scanning planes between them to describe an entire angular surface.

The invention is not limited to the exemptions described and other variants can be provided without departing from the scope of the invention.

SHEET OF RE P A E NT

Claims

1 - Device for shooting and or for projection by scanning an observation axis and or for projection by mirrors or prisms characterized in that one or more mirrors or prisms (3 and 4) will deflect, by rotation or vibration that they undergo the scanning of the projection or observation axis (10) of optical fibers, light sources such as laser or photoelectric sensors (1) these being in motion or stationary so that the axis of observation or projection of these light source or sensor fibers covers an angular surface. the successive positions of the point where the observation or projection takes place will be known and deduced from the deviation suffered by the observation or projection axis, these two axes being parallel. This deviation will itself be deduced either from the tension, heat magnetism or other force modulated and modifying the shape or the index of the material constituting one or more bodies such as prisms or lenses in piezoelectric material crossed by the axis of projection or d 'observation and vibrating and deviating more or less this axis according to the modulation of the tension, magnetism, heat or other force or energy supplied to this transparent body, is further deduced from the movement of elements supporting these fibers or sensors or supporting one or more mirrors deflecting the projection or observation axis, the study of the deflection being made from the voltage supplied to this vibrating element such as piezoelectric or else using means of studies such as probes and known to those skilled in the art. knowledge of the successive positions of the scan, and therefore of the location of the points observed and filmed during scanning by the fibers or photoelectric sensors of the camera, will allow the composition, on a screen, of the image observed, by printing on this screen of the chrominance and luminance recorded by the camera at the places of the screen corresponding to the successive positions of the points on the shooting field. Likewise, we will know, by the successive positions of the scanning of the observation axis, the successive positions of the projection axis of light sources or of optical fibers, the projection and observation axes being parallel. So we will know REPLACEMENT SHEET the points which will undergo the projection during the scanning of the observation or projection axis. 2-Device for shooting and or for projection by scanning an observation axis and or for projection by mirrors or prisms according to claim n ° 1 characterized in that this observation or projection axis is reflected on a vibrating mirror (1 1), which will be carried out by pivoting of the plane of the mirror, in one direction and in the other direction of rotation alternately, the axis (12) around which the mirror pivots being contained or not in the plane of said mirror. 3-Device for taking a picture and / or projection by scanning an observation axis and or for projecting by mirrors or prisms, according to claim 1 and 2 characterized in that the mirror is also vibrating in rotation, l the axis of this rotation not being coincident with the axis around which the plane of the mirror vibrates by pivoting, said axis of rotation (34) being preferably perpendicular to the plane of the mirror and to the center thereof, the axis around which the mirror vibrates (13) and possibly the device (14) causing the mirror to vibrate therefore being entrained in this rotation. 4- Device for shooting and or for projection by scanning an observation axis and or for projection by mirrors or prisms, according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the mirror reflecting said axis is vibrating in rotation , the axis of rotation (15) of the mirror not being perpendicular to the plane of the mirror but parallel to the axis in which the fibers or photoelectric sensors. (1) are directed and preferably confused with this axis. 5- Device for taking a picture and / or projection by scanning an observation axis and or for projecting by mirrors or prisms according to claim 1, characterized in that the device comprises a rotating mirror (23), the 'axis of rotation (24) being non-perpendicular to the plane of the mirror, preferably parallel to the axis in which the fibers or sensors (1) are directed and preferably coincident therewith. the rotating mirror will also vibrate, by alternating lengthening and decreasing (22) of the distance between the mirror and the fibers or sensors, the REPLACEMENT SHEET plane of the mirror then having a constant angle with the axis in which the fibers or sensors are directed. 6- Device for taking a picture and or for projection by scanning an observation axis and or for projection by mirrors or prisms according to claim 1, characterized in that a second mirror (3) performs after reflection of the first mirror (4) another reflection of the observation or projection axis (10), these mirrors not undergoing rotation but vibrations, the first reflection producing by vibration a scanning of the projection or observation axis along a line and the second reflection of this line producing by vibration of the second mirror the scanning of a surface. 7- Device for shooting and or for projection by scanning an observation axis and or for projection by mirrors or prisms according to claim N ° 1 characterized in that a mirror (37) performs a first scan (39) by vibration, the latter reflecting a second scan contained in a plane not parallel to the previous scan, this latter scan being carried out by the movement in rectilinear vibration (36) of the light source optical fibers or photoelectric sensors (1). 8- Device for shooting and or for projection by scanning an observation axis and or for projection by mirrors or prisms according to claim 1, characterized in that a prism, lens or other object known to the skilled in the art and deflecting the light rays will be crossed by the observation and or projection axis, said object undergoing a rectilinear vibration and scanning an observation and or projection axis already scanned, product scanning by the rectilinear vibration movement of optical fibers, photoelectric sensors or light sources. watching or projecting. 9- Device for shooting and or for projection by scanning an observation axis and or for projection by mirrors or prisms according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that optical assemblies such as lenses or mirrors are used and known to those skilled in the art, set situated in the camera and which the projection or observation axis will cross and which will modify the amplitude of the deviation of said axis. REPLACEMENT SHEET 10- Device for shooting and or for projection by scanning an observation axis and or for projection by mirrors or prisms according to one of Claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 9, characterized in that '' in the case of rotation of a mirror, a motor (16) to effect this rotation 1 1 -Shooting device and or projection by scanning an observation axis and or projection by mirrors or prisms according to claims 1, 2,3,4,5 and 9 characterized in that the rotation will be produced by a cable (29) transmitting this rotation from a motor located outside the device to the elements of the camera intended to enter into rotation. 12 - Device for shooting and or for projection by scanning an observation axis and or for projection by mirrors or prisms according to one of claims n ° 1, 2,3,4,5,9 and 1 1 characterized in that a cable (29) transmitting the rotation to the mirror, will also drive the optical fibers, photoelectric sensors. or the various light sources whose projection or observation axis is scanned by the device. 13- Device for shooting and or for projection by scanning of an observation axis and or for projection by mirrors or prisms according to claims 1, 2,3,4,5 and 9 characterized in that a mirror or prism reflecting or deviating said axis undergoes a rotation whose direction varies alternately, this rotation being effected by a device known to those skilled in the art. 14- Device for shooting and or projection by scanning an observation axis and or projection by mirrors or prisms according to claims 1, 2,3,4,5,9 and 13 characterized in that a mirror or prism deviating said observation and or projection axis will undergo a rotation whose direction varies alternately by means described as such: A strip sensitive to the influence of a magnetic field (metallic for example) and of spiral shape will be exposed to a magnetic field whose direction varies alternately, so that the different segments making up this strip will move away or REPLACEMENT SHEET approach the center of the spiral, one end of the strip being fixed, the other end being secured to the axis around which said rotation produced by the variations in shape of the spiral will take place. 15- Device for shooting and or for projection by scanning an observation axis and or for projection by mirrors or prisms according to claims π ° 1.2 _f 3,4,5,9,10,11, 12,13 and 14 characterized in that the rotation mechanism is associated with a device intended to detect, in a sufficiently precise manner, the instantaneous angular speed of the rotation mechanism, such devices being known to those skilled in the art. 16- Device for shooting and or for projection by scanning an observation axis and or for projection by mirrors or prisms according to claims 1, 6,7 and 8 characterized in that to produce the vibration of mirrors, prisms , optical fibers, light sources or photoelectric sensor., an electromagnet acting on two metal parts carrying these mirrors, prisms, optical fibers, light sources or photoelectric sensors is used, so that this single electromagnet produces two movements whose periods may be distinct ia difference of inertia between the metal parts moved by electromagnetism. 17- Device for shooting and or for projection by scanning an observation axis and or for projection by mirrors or prisms according to claims 1 to 15 characterized in that, to produce the vibration of mirrors, prisms, optical fibers light sources or photoelectric sensors., a piezoelectric material is used which will be supplied with modulated voltage so that this material produces this vibration. 18- Device for shooting and or for projection by scanning an observation axis and or for projection by mirrors or prisms according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that to produce one or more REPLACEMENT SHEET rectilinear scans of the projection or observation axis, this axis will pass through one or more bodies such as a prism or lens, the morphology of which varies according to a voltage, heat, or other type of modulated energy supplied to it. Thanks to a material such as piezoelectric, material which will compose the prism or lens, one will produce, by this energy modulation directly supplied to the prism or lens a vibration of this body and or a variation of index. This body will deviate more or less the projection or observation axis so that by modulating and knowing the energy supplied to this body we can scan the projection or observation axis along a straight line and know this scan . 19- Device for shooting and or for projection by scanning an observation axis and or for projection by mirrors or prisms according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a device known to those skilled in the art art such as laser interferometry will constantly and sufficiently accurately locate the amplitudes of the vibrations of the mirror (s), prisms, optical fibers, light sources or photoelectric sensors, in the case of vibrations with irregular amplitudes produced by electromagnetism or piezoelectricity if these are too imprecise. 20- Device for shooting and or for projection by scanning an observation axis and or for projection by mirrors or prisms according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the position tracking systems will use as a means of analysis of the movement of light, such means such as interferometry being known to those skilled in the art. The light source and the information collected will be transmitted to the monitor by optical fibers. 21 -Device for taking and or projecting by scanning an axis of projection or observation by mirrors or prisms according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the signals relating to the chrominance and luminance of the points observed by the camera and at their position are transmitted to a monitor by a physical junction comprising the electrical supplies intended for had ?! ι - ^{~ ~} 2 ^~~

move mirrors, prisms, optical fibers, photoelectric sensors. or light sources, also comprising the means of transporting information relating to the position of the scanning, means such as optical fibers. This junction may also include the supplies of photoelectric sources or sensors. and or the projection optical fibers guiding the light from one or more light sources such as a laser located near the monitor. 22-Device for taking a picture and or for projection by scanning an axis of projection or observation by mirrors or prisms according to the preceding claim characterized in that the physical junction will comprise one or more connectors making it possible to remove from our device said junction and change it. 23- Device for taking a picture and / or projection by scanning an axis of projection or observation by mirrors or prisms according to claims 1 to 21 characterized in that the information provided by the camera will be transmitted from a transmitter to to a receiver located near the monitor, this solution avoiding any physical junction. 24 -Shooting and or projection device by scanning an axis of projection or observation by mirrors or prisms according to the preceding claims, characterized in that knowing the exact positions of the mirror (s) during their movements, by the regularity of these or the reception and processing of the information provided on said positions, will allow a monitor to reproduce the scanning of the observation or reflection axis for the scanning of the screen and to compose the image of the surface scanned by the observation or projection axis. Likewise, knowing the position of the point on this surface observed during scanning allows the chromatic projection and correct intensity of the corresponding point of an image that will be projected onto said surface. 25- Device for shooting and or for projection by scanning of a projection axis or observation by mirrors or prisms according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the camera, mechanically scanning an axis observation or projection REPLACEMENT SHEET of optical fibers, photoelectric sensors or light sources and of which the successive positions of this scan are known with sufficient accuracy, sends the signals relating to the chrominance, the luminance and the possible position of the points traversed during the scan to a device which will rearrange the order of this succession of points so that the reading of this new succession of points is in accordance with the scanning of the monitor whatever this scanning, monitor allowing this reading, such devices being known to the person skilled in the art art especially in electronics. This device receiving the signals from the camera will memorize the said signals of the points composing an image and of their position, will then reorder these points so that, for the new series of points, the succession of the positions conforms to the order of appearance of the dots on the monitor used for reading, the device retaining for a recorded position the color and the luminance with which it was associated before the reordering. 26 - Device for taking a picture and or for projecting by scanning an axis of projection or observation by mirrors or prisms according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one places in front of the sensors or ends of optical fibers located in the camera or at the other ends of these optical fibers near the monitor, or else on the junction connecting the camera to the monitor, one or more filters whose opacity or color may vary and which are known to the person skilled in the art. art such as liquid crystal filters, this so that the light coming from each point observed during the scanning is filtered independently, the opacity or the color of the filter or filters can vary from point to point. another of the same image according to various criteria such as the intensity of the point observed, its color, or else a current flowing through said filter. 27 - Device for taking a picture and / or projecting by scanning an axis of projection or observation by mirrors or prisms according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one decreases, or increases, by variation of the intensity of a beam projected on the point scanned from the surface, as well as by the presence of a variable opacity filter, the light intensity perceived from this point, this in order to avoid too much c | rpri mic π l ___ * c> _- * - * - **

large difference in brightness between the various points of the observed or projection surface. The variation over time of the perceived intensity of each point scanned in the image resulting in partial adjustments of the brightness of the filmed or projected surface. 28-Device for taking a picture and or for projection by scanning of a projection or observation axis by mirrors or prisms according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more optical fibers will transport the light observed in the 'observation axis, up to photoelectric sensors located near the monitor. 29- Device for taking a picture and / or projection by scanning an axis of projection or observation by mirrors or prisms according to the preceding claim characterized in that to obtain multi-color, there will be at least as many photoelectric sensors. as colors intended for multi-color and at least one fiber per photoelectric sensor., the color being filtered at any location between the end of the fiber located in the camera and the photoelectric sensor. 30-Device for taking a picture and or for projection by scanning an axis of projection or observation by mirrors or prisms according to claim 28 characterized in that the same optical fiber will transport all the colors up to photoelectric sensors., the color separation being done at the end of the fiber located near the monitor, separation carried out by a means known to those skilled in the art such as a prism. 31- Device for shooting and or for projection by scanning of a projection axis or observation by mirrors or prisms according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that optical fibers will transport monochromatic beams from lasers located from the monitor to the camera, in the projection axis. The number of laser sources being equal to the number of colors making up our projection, the same optical fiber can transport one or more colors. and the same fiber that can be used for projection or observation. REPLACEMENT SHEET 32- Device for shooting and or for projection by scanning of a projection axis or observation by mirrors or prisms according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more can be used as projection means light sources and in that which can be used for the observation of photoelectric sensors, these devices being placed alongside or in place of the optical fibers and the axes of projection and observation being parallel, juxtaposed or combined. 33- Device for shooting and or for projection by scanning an axis of projection or observation by mirrors or prisms according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the projection and the shooting are alternated, alternation can be made at a high frequency so as to have the illusion of simultaneity, this in order to avoid any reflection on the optical assembly for focusing or correcting the shot. 34- Device for taking a picture and / or projecting by scanning an axis of projection or observation by mirrors or prisms according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that certain values of one or more signals supplied by the camera to monitor, signals relating to chrominance, luminance, position of the points scanned, these certain values, therefore, will command a projection, projection limited or not to the duration of these values reached. 35- Device for taking a picture and / or projection by scanning an axis of projection or observation by mirrors or prisms according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device projects images in the following manner: As the projection sources have their projection axis juxtaposed with that of the shooting, the point where the projection is located will be confused with the point observed during the shooting. Because we know this observed point, we also know the point where the projection is made since it is identical. The camera is first scanned, which in this case will serve as a REPLACEMENT SHEET projector. We therefore know exactly the successive positions of the scanning of the axis intended to project. It then suffices to read the photosensitive plate of a camera used for taking the points of this plate being read in the order corresponding to the scanning carried out by our camera carrying out the projection. Each point read during the shooting will have the correct layout on the projection screen. Finally, it suffices to emit the luminance of this point at projection, in the same way that the chrominance of said point for multichromy will be emitted at projection, the color of the point being decomposed into the colors of the light sources available. All of these operations can be very fast, we will have an impression of simultaneity and an image can be projected at the same time as it is filmed. 36- Device for shooting and or for projection by scanning a projection axis or observation by mirrors or prisms according to claims 1 to 33 characterized in that for the projection, the image filmed can be memorized by a conventional camera and read this memory offline as follows: We carry out the scanning of the projection axis by our camera, thus identifying the various successive positions of this scanning. Then we read the luminance and chrominance of one of the points memorized and composing the image or a series of images, which we want to project. In such a way that the point read will have the position of the point which is traversed at this precise moment by the scanning of the projection axis. Thus, the set of points of the image intended to be projected will be read simultaneously with the projection and in the order corresponding to the successive positions taken by the projection axis Simultaneously with the reading of each point of the image intended to be projected we emit in the projection axis of our camera one or more light beams such as laser and having the luminance and, for multi-color, the chrominance of the said point. the color of the point being decomposed into colors of the light sources which will be available 37- Device for shooting and or for projection by scanning an axis of projection or observation by REPLACEMENT SHEET mirrors or prisms according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more fibers or sensors can be used as observation means and, as projection means, one or more optical fibers or light sources, a set optical known to those skilled in the art used to collimate the projection beam (s) and used to focus the light on the fibers or photoelectric sensors. intended for observation. 38- Device for taking a picture and / or projecting by scanning an axis of projection or observation by mirrors or prisms according to claims 1 to 36 characterized in that the optical assembly intended to collimate the fiber projection beam optical and or light sources will be different from the optical assembly intended for observation, by optical fibers or and photoelectric sensors. REPLACEMENT SHEET