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WO1991016496A1 - Procede et systeme de regulation et de purification de l'ecoulement de pesticide et de produit similaire dans les parcours de golf - Google Patents

Procede et systeme de regulation et de purification de l'ecoulement de pesticide et de produit similaire dans les parcours de golf Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991016496A1
WO1991016496A1 PCT/JP1991/000489 JP9100489W WO9116496A1 WO 1991016496 A1 WO1991016496 A1 WO 1991016496A1 JP 9100489 W JP9100489 W JP 9100489W WO 9116496 A1 WO9116496 A1 WO 9116496A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
water
golf course
permeable
pesticides
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP1991/000489
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yotaro Takahashi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP9648390A external-priority patent/JPH03295906A/ja
Priority claimed from JP9648490A external-priority patent/JPH03295907A/ja
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO1991016496A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991016496A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/04—Aerobic processes using trickle filters
    • C02F3/046—Soil filtration
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/02—Foundations, e.g. with drainage or heating arrangements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for controlling the outflow and purification of pesticides and the like at golf courses, and more specifically, tee grounds, fairways and roughs such as roughs, and the like.
  • fertilizers and / or pesticides such as fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, etc. (hereinafter referred to as "pesticides") onto a golf course consisting of multiple holes consisting of a setting green Even if there is rainfall or watering, the majority of the sprayed or sprayed fertilizers, pesticides, etc., along with most of the rainfall or watering, etc.
  • first 5 view and first 6 Figure is an essential part of its kind to ⁇ in schematic plan view t
  • the 18 hole is a long hole of about 550 yards (about 500 m) or more, 450 yards (about 410 m) to 250 yards (about 230 m)
  • the middle hole is composed of a combination of short holes of less than 250 yards (approximately 230 m), and the fairway S is constructed to be approximately 40 m wide.
  • Normal golf course 1 is often built on uneven terrain, and its tee ground 2 is built smoothly, but it is built at a higher level with a step than the freeway 3 following the tee grand '2.
  • the putting green 4 is constructed quite smoothly, its surface still has a gentle slope, and the putting green 4 is constructed at a step higher than the end of the faway 3. Is usually the case.
  • each of the halls A, B, C- ⁇ ' are constructed by sowing or pasting turfgrass on general farmland made of impervious natural soil.
  • the pesticides such as insecticides for controlling pests, fungicides for preventing pathogens, and herbicides for removing weeds are sprayed or sprayed at appropriate times in each of these holes A, B, C
  • construction of a golf course or a long and wide area with a good water permeability requires a large amount of construction i.
  • a large amount of agricultural and / or fertilizer, etc. sprayed on a long and large area of the filey may be damaged by the deterioration of permeability of the fairway.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such problems in the conventional example, and most of rainfall, water sprinkling, etc. on a golf course, together with fertilizers, pesticides, etc. sprayed or sprayed on the turf grass of the golf course, The turfgrass, thick, water-permeable, sandy layer with capillary-like action, etc.
  • Fertilizers, pesticides, etc. mixed in the water-permeable sandy soil layer, and allowed to remain on the sandy soil layer, and purified by the activity of Paktella, which inhabits the ground. It collides with the flowing low resistance material layer disposed under the highly permeable sandy layer, and the fertilizers, pesticides, etc. still mixed in the rainwater flowing down the flowing resistance material layer are settled below and further filtered. After that, the water is collected by a plurality of water collection pipes and discharged through a drainage channel constructed around the golf course to the outside of the golf course.
  • a flow resistance material layer and a thick good permeable sandy layer are sequentially laminated on the permeable natural soil layer, and turfgrass is vegetated on the surface of the good permeable sandy layer to form a golf course hole.
  • a water collection pipe having a water-permeable peripheral wall is provided on the poorly permeable natural soil layer or below the flow resistance material layer, across the lower part of the hole, and the lower end of the water collection pipe is placed around the golf course.
  • Fertilizers, pesticides, etc. adhere to and remain in the highly permeable sandy soil layer, and are purified by the action of Pacutella, which inhabits the ground.
  • a method for controlling the outflow and purification of pesticides at golf courses that discharges from the end to the outside of the golf course through a gentle drainage channel built around the golf course and does not cause pollution due to fertilizers, pesticides, etc. And equipment In addition, it crosses the fairway of each hole of the golf course as appropriate, and passes the rainwater that flows down the surface of the lowway into the poorly permeable natural soil layer that forms the base layer.
  • the present invention provides a method for distributing most of rainfall, watering, etc. to a golf course, together with fertilizers, pesticides, etc. sprayed or sprayed on the grass i of the golf course.
  • the turfgrass thick, highly permeable, water-permeable to sandy layer with capillary action, and fertilizers, pesticides, etc. mixed in the rainwater, etc.
  • a flow resistance material layer and a thick good permeable sandy layer are sequentially laminated on the poorly permeable natural soil layer, and turfgrass is vegetated on the surface of the good permeable sandy layer to form each hole of the golf course.
  • a water collecting pipe having a water-permeable peripheral wall is gently buried on the poorly permeable natural soil layer or below the flow resistance material layer at an appropriate interval.
  • the present invention Since the present invention has the above-described configuration, it is possible to perform the same golf play as a normal golf course, and if rain or water is sprayed immediately after the fertilizer, pesticide or the like is sprayed or sprayed on the golf course.
  • most of the rainwater is turfgrass on the surface of the golf course and thick, water-permeable, and immediately penetrates through the sandy layer that acts like a capillary, thereby spraying or spraying fertilizers, pesticides, etc.
  • Most of the water is immediately permeated through the grass and the thick, well-permeable sandy layer at each hole to significantly reduce the amount of rainwater flowing along the surface of the golf course. While flowing through the sandy layer where crops are made, fertilizers, pesticides, etc.
  • the fertilizers, pesticides, etc. which are adhered to and remain on the good permeable sandy soil layer, etc. and purified by the activity of Paktella, which inhabit the ground, are discharged on the surface of the good permeable sandy ground while the vegetation is turfgrass 15 A
  • the sand is gradually absorbed by the long roots extending deeply into the good water permeable sand layer, and the water permeability of the good water permeable sand layer and good adhesion and purification properties of fertilizers, pesticides, etc. are secured for a long time.
  • the installation of a thick layer of good permeable sand ensures good water retention over a long period of time.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan explanatory view of a main part of a preferred first embodiment of a method and an apparatus for controlling and purifying pesticides in a golf course according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is along the line II-II in FIG.
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of the main collecting pipe 21 taken along the line m--m in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 4 is a vertical explanatory view of the rising part of the main collecting pipe 21
  • 5 and 6 are schematic longitudinal sectional views taken along lines V- 'V and VI- ⁇ of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a filtration case
  • FIG. 8 is a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan explanatory view of a main part of a preferred first embodiment of a method and an apparatus for controlling and purifying pesticides in a golf course according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is along the line II-II in FIG.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a hole portion constructed in the drainage channel 27 of FIG. 9, FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view similar to FIG. 1 of the third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view of a hole of a golf course of a part of the fourth embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 shows a hole A of the golf course along an IE—X [line (the length direction) of FIG. Longitudinally
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic enlarged longitudinal sectional view of the water collecting groove along the line M-M in Fig. 10.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic enlarged view of the water collecting groove of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic plan view of a sixth embodiment of the present invention, FIG.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic vertical view of FIG. 14, which is taken along the line XV—XV, and FIG. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a part of a golf course according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 1 to 7 schematically show a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • reference numeral 1 denotes a golf course
  • a and B denote golf courses adjacent to the golf course I.
  • B Long hole is configured as either Middle hole and show Tohoru
  • c the golf course 1 in combination thereof
  • three 1 8 holes appropriately constitute 2 is a tee ground for holes A and B (the same is applied to the other 16 holes not shown), 3 is a fairway, 3 is a rough around the airway 3, 4 is a putting green, and 4a is a The rough around the putting green 4, 5 is a hole cup, 6 is a van, 7 is a manhole at the bottom of the golf course, 8 is a drainage channel, and 9 is a regulating pond.
  • the tee ground 2 and putting green 4 are constructed at a high position with a step at the connection with the airway 3, and these structures are the same as those of the conventional hole A, which is schematically illustrated in FIG. It is almost the same as B, C, D.
  • 1 1 is the impervious natural soil layer as the base of Halls ⁇ , ⁇ , *, and constitutes the lowest layer of the whole area of Halls ⁇ , ⁇ -.
  • 11 1 and 11 1 are the shallow surface of the impervious natural soil layer 11 at the bottom of the putting green 4 and 11 AA is the low side where the surface 11 A and 11 A match.
  • the bottom 11 AA is located at the diameter of the putting darling 4 or its major axis (the diameter in the left-right direction in Fig. 1), and gradually slopes to the right from the high left position (Fig. 1 ', Fig. 5). Then, the bottom sound of the repatting green 4 is formed;
  • the crushed stone layer as a resistance material layer 13 is a crushed stone layer
  • 12 is a rock layer
  • 14 is a sand layer
  • 15 is a layer of permeable sand
  • 15 is a layer of permeable sand.
  • 0 cm to t constitutes a thickness of about 1 0 0 cm
  • sand diameter of the good permeability sand layer 1 5 to 0, 5 mm not 0. and 2 ⁇ degree hereinafter freezing line
  • the particle size Capillary action due to surface tension based on the hydrophilicity of sand layer 15 with rainwater, etc. Rainwater and the like rapidly permeates through the highly permeable sandy layer 15 by use.
  • sand diameter is less than 0.075 thigh, permeability is good and such sand layer does not freeze.
  • 15 A is turfgrass planted on the surface of the highly permeable sandy layer 15.
  • Reference numeral 20 denotes a water collecting groove, and the water collecting groove 20 is constituted by a surface 11 A, 11 A on both the left and right sides of the gentle slope of the impervious natural soil layer 11 at the bottom of the putting green 4.
  • 21 is a water collecting pipe having a permeable peripheral wall, and the water collecting pipe 21 is a low side 11 AA that matches the gentle slope surface 11 A, 11 A, that is, a central part of the water collecting groove 20.
  • the water collection pipe 21 is constructed so that at least a part of its peripheral wall 21a is permeable to rainwater, etc., as shown in Fig. 3, for example. You.
  • the main water collecting pipe 21 is provided with a permeable wall on the entire peripheral wall thereof, for example, innumerable small hexagons on the entire peripheral wall of the main water collecting pipe 21 (for example, a rigid vinyl chloride pipe with a hexagon, etc.).
  • a water-permeable structure may be used.
  • the natural water-impermeable layer 11 has a surface 11 A, a rainwater flowing down through the crushed stone layer 12 on the surface 11 A, and a main drainage pipe 21. Inflow to the country is further promoted-
  • 21 A is a rising part which rises from a high end (the left end in FIG. 1) beyond the rough 4 a around the putting green 4 of the main collecting pipe 21, and the rising part 21 A is around the putting green 4.
  • the openable top 21 AA is installed at a position slightly lower than the rough 4a surface, for example, at a position where it does not interfere with mower work or the like. Even if a golf ball during golf break (not shown) falls to this 21 AA, the golf rule will cause a helicopter so that there is no risk of collision, so the rising part 21 A, Top: Even if AA is installed near the rough 4a surface, there is no obstacle to golf play
  • branch water collecting pipe 21 C is a branch water collecting pipe having a permeable peripheral wall, and said branch water collecting pipe 21 C is described above: It is provided along the upper surface 11A of the impervious natural soil layer 11 at a gentle slope at appropriate intervals, and the end reaches the outer edge of the rough 4a of the putting green 4 laps, and the lower end. Are connected to both ends (the upper and lower rain sides in FIG. 1) of the main collecting pipe 21, and rain f k and the like around the branch collecting pipe 21 C are in the same collecting pipe 21 C. Water is collected at the bottom and discharged from the lower end to the main collection pipe 21.
  • 21 D is the lower end (right side in FIG. 1) of the main collecting pipe 21 that exceeds the roughing 4a of the packing green 4 and the lower end 21 D is the golf course 1, For example, it is connected to the filtration case 25 in the manhole 25 A of the drainage channel 27 constructed along the ⁇ ⁇ slope along the outside of the rough 3 a around the fairway 3 of the hall A.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example in which only the upper part 21 a of the peripheral wall of the main collecting pipe 21 is configured to be permeable
  • the main collecting pipe 21 is formed on the upper surface of the poorly permeable natural soil layer 11.
  • the lower part of the water-permeable peripheral wall of the main drainage pipe 21 passes through the inside of the pipe 21. It becomes clogged under the flow of fertilizers, pesticides, etc. mixed in rainwater flowing at low speed, and as a result, acts almost the same as the main drainage pipe 21 in the third illustrated example.
  • the height of the rain side is lower than in the example shown in the figure).
  • the rising portion 22A may be provided only at a high end (the left end in FIG. 1) of a part of the plurality of water collecting pipes 22 and 22'-.
  • 25 is a filtering case, which is installed at the bottom of the manhole 25A of the drainage channel 27 constructed gently around the golf course 1: 25a, 25b and 2 5c is the bottom wall, side wall and eyes of the filtration case 25, i ⁇ 25a, side 25b and the wall 25c are formed as innumerable holes ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ js ,:
  • the bottom wall 25a is filled with crushed stone as a flow resistant material (see reference numeral 25Ms in Fig. 8 showing the second embodiment):
  • 25B is a manhole installed at the lower part (lower part in Fig. 1) of drainage channels 27 and 27, and 25C and 25D are drainage channels 28 and 27 connecting drainage channels 27 and 27.
  • the residual concentrations of fertilizers, pesticides, etc. remaining at the bottom are detected as appropriate by appropriate detection means.
  • 25 E is a filtration case provided in the drainage channel 27, to which the low end 23 D of the water collection pipe 23 buried in the bottom of the tee gland 2 is connected.
  • F and 25G are filtration cases provided in the drainage channel 27.
  • the bottom wall of the filtration case 25F (see 2 ⁇ a in Fig. 7) is filled with crushed stone as a flow resistance material.
  • 25 G is filled with fertilizers, ⁇ summits such as pesticides, etc., and the filter case 2 submerges fertilizers, pesticides, etc. still mixed in the rainwater flowing down the ⁇ F, and by the pacteria living in the ground Further purify, and filter case 25 Fertilizer mixed in rainwater flowing down 5 G Neutralize medicines.
  • the drainage channels 27 are constructed along the outsides of the holes 3a and 3a in the halls A and B. 10 It may be provided at an intermediate portion between two adjacent groups of holes (for example, holes A and B and holes C and D in FIG. 10).
  • this drainage channel 27 is constructed as an open channel, it can be expected to have a sterilizing effect by sunlight such as rainwater flowing down the drainage channel.
  • the manholes 25A and 25B will also have the same sunshine as the open drainage channel 27. While maintaining the disinfection function by light, safety around the same manho ⁇ 25A, 25B can be ensured.
  • a golf ball is placed on a tee (not shown in the illustration) on the tee ground 2 in Hall A and hit by a golf club (not shown). Then, the ball placed on the 2nd green 4 is cupped into the hole cup 5. The same play is performed in the hole B and the other 16 holes, and each hole AB. -Grow turfgrass by spraying or spraying the appropriate amount of fertilizer, pesticide, water, etc. on tea ground 2, fairway 3, putting green 4, etc. in a timely manner, weeding weeds, sterilizing and killing In this respect, the golf course is almost the same as the conventional golf course 1, but in the first embodiment, the following specific actions are performed.
  • the crushed stone layer 1 2 Of the rainwater that has been decelerated and purified by colliding with the water, the rainwater that flows down around the main drainage pipe 21 flows directly into the main drainage pipe 21 from the permeable peripheral wall 21a, and the branch drainage pipe 21 Along with the rainwater, etc. flowing in from 1C, the lower end 2 1D
  • the water flows into the water collecting pipe 22 from the permeable peripheral wall, and is discharged from the lower end 22D to the drainage channel 27, and the crushed stone in the filtering case 2 ⁇ F provided in the drainage channel 27 is provided.
  • Layer see “25 s” in Fig. 8) and / or filter case 25 G, such as fertilizers, pesticides, etc., or this neutralizing agent, etc.
  • the water is further purified by adsorbents such as activated carbon filled in the filtration box, and is similarly purified by drainage channels 28, manholes 2C, 25D, etc., and then through manholes 7, drainage channels 8, etc. Discharged to regulating pond 9, stored and discharged to rivers, etc. outside this golf course in a timely manner Will be issued.
  • the filtration cases 25 C to 25 G etc. shall be manually installed in the drainage channels 27, 28, or shall be removable (for example, a structure substantially similar to a so-called beer bottle case). This facilitates the workability of exchanging, washing and the like, for example, activated carbon or a crushed stone layer, etc., which has been filled in any one of the filtration cases 25C and 25G and has reduced activity.
  • Most of the rainfall and water sprinkling on Tigland 2 can be controlled through the turfgrass 15 A0 on the surface. Is composed of thinner than the good permeable sand layer 15 of the putting green 4) and the suki sand layer 14 and / or the gravel layer similar to the gravel layer 13 of the putting green. Immediately permeates by capillary action due to surface tension based on hydrophilicity with 14 and fertilizers, pesticides, etc. mixed with rainwater etc. while flowing down this highly permeable sandy layer, etc. However, the sandy layer etc.
  • the rainwater or water sprinkled on Fairway 3 and the tee ground 2 is permeable to the well-permeable sandy layer 1 15 and ⁇ sand layer 14 (and / or the gravel layer 13 3).
  • the fertilizer sprayed or sprayed within a predetermined period to the golf course 1 in which the method and apparatus for controlling outflow and purification of fertilizers and pesticides in the golf course according to the present invention were implemented.
  • And / or the amount of pesticides, etc. should be approximately 75 and 70, respectively, in the same period of time when the fertilizer and pesticides were sprayed or sprayed on the same golf course i of the same shape and size. %, And the number of times of spraying or spraying pesticides, etc. on the fertilizer is reduced, and the amount and frequency of watering to the golf course 1 is extremely small. At the golf course evening, 3 ⁇ 4S was hardly detected.
  • FIG. 8 of a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a hole 25 A portion constructed in the drainage channel 27 thereof. 7 Do the parts in common with the first embodiment shown in FIG. 5 and the same code are used.
  • 3a is a rough around the fairway of golf course 1 (see 1 and 3 in Fig. 1), and 25A is a drainage channel 27 provided around the golf course 1, especially its gentle slope.
  • 25 M is a manhole installed in the right place of the drainage channel 27, 25 M is a ⁇ case concealed in the ⁇ ⁇ of the manhole '25 A, and a 20 M filtration case 25 M bottom wall 25 M a, after The wall 25Mb and the side wall 25Mc are provided with innumerable holes, and have a structure very similar to that of the filtration case 25 of the first embodiment, for example, a structure similar to the so-called "beer bottle case".
  • a support leg 5. ⁇ 5d protrudes downward from the four corners of the bottom wall 25 Ma.
  • Reference numeral 26 denotes a partition wall provided on the rear side of the filtration case 25 M 25 Mb (right side in FIG. 8) through a bracing piece 26 a.
  • Rainwater, etc. necessarily passes through the crushed stone layer 25 Ms filled on the bottom wall of the filtration box 25 M, etc., and the filtration case 2 installed at the bottom of the manhole 2 ⁇ ⁇ of the drainage channel 27 ⁇ ⁇ : Purification action by is ensured.
  • the purifying action of the filter case 25 mm can be ensured even in a drainage channel that requires a pump-up, such as a drainage channel in a golf course 1 or the like where the degree of undulation is high.
  • FIG. 9 a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 9, in which a principal part is schematically illustrated in a schematic plan view.
  • the same names and reference numerals are used for the same parts as those in the first embodiment shown in FIGS.
  • the golf green 1 of the golf course 1 has a putting green 4 ⁇ which descends gradually from its high center toward the circumference.
  • the putting darling 4 ⁇ The crushed stone layer as a flow resistance material spread on the impervious natural soil layer at the bottom (see “11” in Figs. 2, 4 and 5; the same applies hereinafter) 1 2
  • the lower part of the main collecting pipe 2 having a permeable peripheral wall is distributed in the longitudinal direction of the batting green 4 mm, and a plurality of branch collecting pipes 2 1 '2 are grained at appropriate intervals.
  • the patching green 4 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. The former and the ⁇ the same ⁇ action -
  • the right side (FIG. 9) of the ring-shaped water collecting pipe 21P is provided at the bottom of the peripheral edge of the putting green 4B so as to descend at a gentle slope, and the ring-shaped water collecting pipe 21P is formed.
  • the collecting pipe 21P is connected to the periphery of the main collecting pipe 21 and the branch collecting pipe 21C at the periphery ⁇ of the patching green 4B, rainfall and watering of the putting green 4 And the like, from the entire surface of the packing green 4 mm to the thick, highly permeable sandy layer 15 due to the capillary action based on the surface tension based on its hydrophilicity, and the packing green 4 of the first embodiment.
  • rainfall and water sprinkling to the peripheral part flow in from the ring ⁇ water collection pipe 21 ⁇ eight, and from the water permeable peripheral wall.
  • the fertilizers, pesticides, etc. sprayed or atomized on the high central part of the patching green 4B are immediately transferred to the turfgrass 15A, along with rainfall or watering to the part.
  • Thick, highly permeable sandy layer 15 and 3 ⁇ 4 permeable to the sand layer 14 etc. and after being purified mainly by Pacutella, which lives in the ground, its poorly permeable natural soil layer 11 ⁇ (see Fig. 5)
  • the main water collecting pipe 21 and branch water collecting pipe 21 C buried on the natural soil layer 11 A, it is buried at the bottom of the peripheral edge and captured by the ring-shaped water collecting pipe 21 P.
  • the outflow of putting green 4B is effectively prevented:
  • the rough area around the roughing 4Ba around the setting green 4B is once lower around the entire area, and if there is a risk that a large amount of rain will be collected in the same city, A large number of water holes along the same circumference The rainwater collected in the same part is dispersed and allowed to flow into the ring-shaped water collecting pipe 21P.
  • the remaining structure and operation are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment.- If only the peripheral portion of the right half portion of the putting green 4B is formed lower than the central portion, for example, A semicircular water collection pipe (not shown) having a permeable peripheral wall only at the bottom of the right half of the peripheral edge is buried, and the semicircular water collection pipe is connected to the end of the main water collection pipe 21 and the branch water collection pipe 21C. By connecting to the section, it is possible to effectively collect rainwater etc. and suppress outflow of fertilizer etc ..
  • this ring ⁇ water collection pipe 21P does not have excessive flowing piles
  • a shape suitable for the peripheral part of the putting green for example, a regular polygonal shape, a rectangular shape (having a corner in an arc shape), an elliptical shape, or the like can be used.
  • a ring-shaped water collecting groove is recessed in the rough 4B a portion of the periphery of the putting green 4B, and on the bottom wall of the impervious natural soil layer constituting the ring-shaped water collecting groove, A permeable layer such as a crushed stone layer, a gravel layer, and a sand layer is provided, and a second ring-shaped collecting pipe similar to the above-mentioned ring-shaped collecting pipe 21 P is buried at the bottom of the permeable layer, and the second ring-shaped collecting pipe is provided. Is connected to the extended end of the main collecting pipe 21 and the branch collecting pipe 21C, drainage of rainwater collected around the putting green 4B, fertilizer mixed in the rainwater, etc. The ability to capture pesticides is further improved.
  • reference numeral 1 denotes a golf course consisting of holes, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (total 18 holes), and 2 denotes a tee ground of holes A and B.
  • 3 is the fairway
  • 3a is the rough around the fairway 3
  • 4 is the putting green
  • 4a is the rough around the putting green 4
  • 5 is a hole cup
  • 6 is a van
  • 7 is a manhole at the bottom of the golf course
  • 8 is a drainage channel
  • 9 is a regulating pond-
  • 1 1 is a poorly permeable natural soil layer as a base layer of Hall A
  • 1 2 is a crushed stone layer provided on natural soil layer il
  • ⁇ 3 is a gravel layer provided on 1 2 crushed stone layer
  • 1 4 is an IP sand layer
  • 15 is a well-permeable sandy layer
  • 15 A is turfgrass vegetated on the surface of a well-permeable Myochi layer.
  • the sandy layer 15 having good permeability is selected so that sand, water, and air have a ratio of about 50%, 25%, and 25%.
  • Numeral 18 crosses the center of the ground 2 in the direction of the center length ⁇ (left and right in FIG. 10).
  • the top is about 80 cm wide
  • the bottom is about 40 cm wide
  • the depth is about 40 cm. lm or 1.5 m
  • a drainage ditch constructed to descend gently from one of the bottom walls (left side at 10 K) to the other
  • 19 is a fairway 3
  • the width of the top is about 80 ⁇ '
  • the bottom is about 40 cm
  • the depth is about lm to 1.5 m
  • the bottom wall 19 A is (Left side in the figure)
  • a drainage channel constructed so as to descend gently from the other side to the other side
  • 93 is a vertical sloping side wall of a water channel 29
  • 2I is a paktin gerin 4
  • the main water collecting pipe which is filled with the crushed stone ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ filled in the bottom layer of the impervious soil layer 1 at the bottom.
  • the water collecting pipe 2 ⁇ is a permeable peripheral wall With a battery (It is laterally disposed to the 1 O g in the substantially lateral ⁇ Direction: This FEATURES rough 4 a outer edge around the water tube 2 1 putting lean 4
  • the lower end (right in Fig. 10) is connected to the filtration box 25 of the channel 27 around the hole A: 21 A is the putting of the main drainage pipe 21
  • the rising part around the lean 4 rises from the high end reaching the highest position near the outside of the rough 4a (the left side in Fig. 11), and the top of the rising 21a of this 5 is the rough 4a. Slightly lower than the plane:
  • the branch water collecting pipe 21 C is a gently-sloping branch placed on the left and right sides (up and down in Fig. 10) of the main drainage pipe 21 at appropriate intervals along its length (left and right in Fig. 10).
  • the branch water collecting pipe 21 C has the same water permeable peripheral wall as the raw water collecting pipe 2.1, and the rainfall, water sprinkling, etc., of the putting green 4 part have good water permeability. 5 that collides with the lithotripsy layer 12 as a flow resistance material, is purified mainly by the activity of Pacutella, which inhabits the ground, and from the permeable peripheral wall into the branch drainage pipe 21C. Water is collected, drained from the lower end to the main drainage pipe 21, and discharged to the drainage channel 27 constructed around the golf course 1 through the filter box 25.
  • the ditch 19 is provided with a thick well-permeable sandy layer 1, 3 ⁇ 4 sand layer 14 (and / or gravel layer 13), etc.
  • the purified rainwater collected at the bottom of the catchment channel 19 is filled with water from the permeable peripheral wall of the water collection pipe 22 embedded in the filled stone layer 12. Water is collected and drained from the bottom end 22D through the filtration box 25D or directly to the drainage channel 27 without or through it, and adjusted through the manhole 7 and drainage channel 8 at the bottom of the golf course. Drained into Pond 9 or released to the relevant golf courses at the same time.
  • the water collecting grooves 19, 19 provided in the huway 3 are not provided when the surface inclination of the fairway 19 is relatively steep.
  • the fawayway 19 is provided flat at an interval of about 30 m, and if the faway 19 is constructed flat, sufficient function can be expected by providing it at an interval of about 10 Om. However, if the turfgrass vegetation has solidified due to long-term use of fairway 3, etc., the spacing should be set relatively small. Good for fertilizers, pesticides, etc.
  • the fourth embodiment has a sufficient effect also as a purification device for controlling the outflow of fertilizers, pesticides, etc. in a newly constructed golf course. Reducing fertilizer, pesticide, etc. runoff and high purification efficiency without fear of increasing the construction cost of the golf course-Also, the rising sounds of the water collection pipes 21, 22, 23, etc. as required. 21 AA, 22 A, 23 A, etc. The top 21 AA, 22 AA, 23 AA, etc., are injected with a suitable amount of neutralizing agent, such as pesticides, in a timely manner, so that fertilizers, pesticides, etc. Outflow can be more effectively prevented-Fifth Embodiment
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic enlarged vertical cross-sectional explanatory view of a water collecting ditch provided in Fair Peny, which constitutes a main part of the fifth embodiment. Portions common to the fourth embodiment shown in FIGS. 10 to 12 are denoted by the same names and the same reference numerals.
  • the holes A and B of the golf course 1 The side walls of the water catchment ditch 29, which are provided at appropriate intervals, are placed on the L-away 3 (see Fig. 10) at the high side of the surface of the fairway 3 (right: in Fig. 13).
  • the SC is constructed so as to be inclined outward, and the surface and the area of the highly permeable sandy layer (plane 3 ⁇ 47- Good water permeability of the catchment ditch 29? ⁇ Stretching only 5 parts of the stratum 15 to purify water permeability and agricultural chemicals'; Can also in this way the construction of Mizumizo 29 wide ⁇ was water-permeable Yu, easily and Do i Moreover than those ⁇ its entirety, The efficiency of collecting rainwater and the like flowing on the surface of the waterway 3 with deteriorated water permeability into the catchment channels 29, and the efficiency of outflow and purification of fertilizers, pesticides, etc. by the catchment channels 29 are further improved. .
  • the side wall 29 B (lower side of the surface of the funnel A 3, the left side in FIG. 1) of the water collecting groove 29 is also formed to have an outwardly open slope like the side wall 29 C. In this case, as will be understood from the fact that the surface area of the water collecting groove is further increased, the water collecting into the water collecting groove 29 is further improved.
  • Figs. 14 and 15 1 is a golf course consisting of holes A, B, etc., 2, 3 and 4 are tee grounds, fairways and hatching greens of each hole of golf course 1, 3A Is the widthwise central part of fairway 3, and the central part 3A is the rainy side part 3B,
  • 3 JL is located on the lower central part 3A of Eagny 3 and approximately halfway along its length;.; F-collected ditch, 31A is the bottom wall of ditch 31 and 3 I 3 1 F is the upper open side wall of the water collecting groove 3 1, 3 2 is a water collecting pipe having a permeable peripheral wall, 3 2 AA is the high end of the water collecting pipe 3 2 (the upper end in Fig. 10). It extends beyond the side 3B of the airway 2 to its rough 3a and then stands up. At the top of the rising part, the top part 32 AA is slightly lower than the surface of the rough part 3 a and is buried so as not to hinder the mowing of grass and the like. In addition, the lower end of the water collection pipe 32 (the lower end in the 10th country) crosses the high side 3 B of the fairway 3, and is a drainage channel constructed around the rough 3 a of the airway 3. Connected via a filtration box 25D
  • 1 2 is a crushed stone layer as a flow resistance material filled at the bottom of the catchment ditch 3 1
  • I 3 and 14 are a gravel layer and a sand layer
  • 15 is a thick well-permeable soil layer
  • ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is The action of the sixth embodiment is that the central part 3 mm in the width direction of the way 3 extends over substantially the entire length of the way 3 and the side parts thereof. 3B, 3B, lower than 3B, rainfall, sprinkling, etc. on the relevant 3rd section of the gateway will be along the surface from the high rain side edge 3B, 3B to the lower central section 3A.
  • this catchment channel 3 1 is located in the central part 3 A in the vertical direction of fairway 3, and its rainy side part 3 E, 3 B is low.
  • this catchment channel 3 1 is located in the central part 3 A in the vertical direction of fairway 3, and its rainy side part 3 E, 3 B is low.
  • the "downtown” and the golf course It is suitable for remodeling the existing Funaway 3 which collects a large amount of rainwater mixed with fertilizers, pesticides, etc.
  • the water collecting pipe 32 buried at the bottom of the water collecting groove 31 constructed along the longitudinal direction is The lowest central part of the length may be connected to the drain 27 via a filter box 25 C-and also a part of the length of the fairway 3, for example, on the side of its ground 2, Alternatively, the width 3SA of the width direction of only the fair green 3 on the putting green 4 side or the middle part thereof is 3 L,
  • A is provided with the above-mentioned water collecting groove 531 only in the portion lower than both side edges 3E and 3B, In the remaining part of the water collecting groove, a water collecting groove (not shown) substantially similar to the water collecting grooves 19 and 29 of the first embodiment or the second embodiment is provided. In this way, the flow direction of rainwater and the like flowing short distance along the surface of the fireway and the flow direction of rainwater and the like collected by the water collection pipe are partially different, so that water collection, runoff control, and purification are performed.
  • grass turf is planted on the surface. It can also be applied as a control and purification device: Effect of the Invention
  • Fertilizers, pesticides, etc. that adhere to and remain on the thick good permeability of the golf course and the stratum, etc., are purified by the activity of Pactella inhabiting the good stratum of good permeability, etc. ⁇ Absorbed by the roots of turfgrass vegetated on the surface of the stratum, so that good permeability such as a golf course's good permeability sand layer is maintained for a long time, and the golf course's good permeability sand layer In this way, the water permeability of rainwater and the fertilizers and pesticides applied to the course can be controlled for a long time.
  • the main water collection pipe and / or the branch water collection pipe will be provided on the low-permeability natural soil layer with a gentle slope at the bottom of the putting green, and the good water-permeable sand layer will be provided above them.
  • the stratum can be made sufficiently thick, and the roots of turfgrass vegetated on the living surface crawl deeply into the highly permeable sand stratum, and the roots become longer, so that turfgrass with good sticking strength grows As a result, the life of turfgrass is extended, and the cycle of application, watering, pesticides, etc. is prolonged further.
  • the course of the golf course The main drainage pipe, branch drainage pipe, drainage pipe, etc. by detecting shallow amounts of fertilizers, pesticides, etc., remaining in manholes, filtration cases, etc. disposed on a gentle slope drain , And its good permeability
  • the amount of fertilizers and pesticides that adhere to and remain in the stratum, etc. can be estimated by analogy, so it is easy to determine the amount and timing of spraying and spraying of fertilizers and pesticides, and when the analogy reaches a predetermined value or more. From the top opening of the rising part of the main water collection pipe and / or water collection pipe that rises from the high end, neutralize or dilute the fertilizer, pesticide, etc. by injecting ⁇ and neutralize or dilute the fertilizer, pesticide, etc. Outflow of rainwater and the like mixed into the golf course at a high concentration can be suppressed.
  • the transparent green is placed on the poor natural soil layer around the putting green. If a gentle slope ring or polygonal water collecting groove having an aqueous peripheral wall is provided and the lower part is connected to a drainage channel around the golf course, a putting green whose peripheral part is lower than the central part is obtained. Sprayed or sprayed fertilizers, rainwater such as pesticides, etc. can be effectively absorbed by the highly permeable sandy layer at the periphery, and can be prevented from flowing to the golf course ⁇ -
  • a ring-shaped or polygonal water collecting groove is provided in the poorly permeable natural soil layer at the periphery of the putting green, and a ring-shaped water collecting pipe having a water-permeable peripheral wall at the bottom of the ring-shaped or polygonal water collecting groove. If it is provided and the ring-shaped water collecting pipe is connected to a drainage channel, a large amount of rainwater or the like concentrated on the peripheral portion can be effectively absorbed.
  • the water is collected from the wall of the water collection pipe buried at the bottom of the water collection groove by the water-permeable J wall, and is discharged through the drainage channel to the golf course. Therefore, it is mixed with rainwater discharged outside the golf course. Fertilizer, pesticide concentration Even if rainfall or watering occurs immediately after spraying the eight fertilizers or pesticides, etc., the pollution can be prevented from occurring due to the outflow of fertilizers, pesticides, etc. outside the golf course.
  • Fertilizers, pesticides, etc. that adhere to and remain on the highly permeable sandy layer of the catchment ditches provided at appropriate intervals along the fairway, vegetate on the surface of the sandy layer, and extend into the sandy layer
  • the roots of the turfgrass gradually absorb and effectively utilize the turfgrass for a long time, and the absorption of fertilizers and the like by the roots of the turfgrass and the activity of Pacutella, which inhabits the ground, cause the highly permeable sandy stratum to be Since it is purified, fertilizers and pesticides sprayed or sprayed on golf courses such as fairways infiltrate into the sand formation due to rainwater, flow down, and adhere to the sand formation with fertilizers and pesticides.
  • Purification can be ensured for a long period of time, and, as a result, the function of suppressing the outflow of fertilizers, pesticides, and the like sprayed or sprayed on the faway to the outside of the golf course can be secured for a long period of time.
  • the catchment ditches are provided at an appropriate interval in the freeway, if there is a lowland part in the rough part around the fairway, the drainage ditches should be placed near the lowland part. And extending the end to the lowland, or constructing the side wall of the catchment ditches on the sloping side of the lowland, so that the drainage and fertilizer, Can control outflow of pesticides and improve purification efficiency
  • a water collecting groove is provided at the center of the lower side of the fairway over the entire length of the X-way, and the thick water-permeable sandy stratum of the water collecting groove is provided.
  • Water is collected in the lower part of the catchment ditch through the coarse sand layer and gravel layer, etc., and rainwater collected from the permeable peripheral wall of the water collection pipe buried in the lower part is collected in the vicinity of the golf course.
  • the central part is lower in length than both sides, without excavating the entire part, and only the central part in the longitudinal direction.
  • a water collecting groove may be provided at an appropriate interval in the remaining ports.
  • a water collecting groove is provided along the length of the center of only the waterway, and a water collecting groove similar to the above is provided on the fairway of the other holes at appropriate intervals. It will provide excellent drainage properties for all holes on golf courses, excellent control of runoff of fertilizers, pesticides, etc., and purification. Explanation of reference numerals

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un pesticide et/ou un fertilisant, ou un produit similaire, dispersé ou pulvérisé sur un parcours de golf (1), avec la majeure partie de l'eau pulvérisée ou de l'eau de pluie, qui sont imprégnés dans un gazon (15A), une épaisse couche de sable (15) ayant une forte perméabilité à l'eau et une action du type capillaire. Selon ce procédé seule l'eau de pluie absorbée, filtrée et purifiée par le sol du parcours de golf (1) se déverse à l'extérieur de ce dernier, ceci évitant ainsi l'apparition de ce qu'on appelle la pollution des parcours de golf. Le parcours de golf (1) est constitué de plusieurs éléments: le gazon (15A), l'épaisse couche de sable (15) très fortement perméable à l'eau et ayant une action du type capillaire, une couche de macadam (12) ou de matériau similaire, et des tuyaux servant à recueillir l'eau (21, 22 et 23) situés à des invervalles appropriés sous la couche de macadam (12), ce qui fait que le fertilisant, le pesticide et tout autre produit similaire dispersé ou pulvérisé sur le parcours de golf (1), ainsi que la majeure partie de l'eau de pluie, de l'eau pulvérisée ou d'un produit similaire, s'imprègnent dans la couche de sable (15) après avoir traversé la gazon (15A), alors que le fertilisant ou le pesticide mélangés à cette eau de pluie sont arrêtés et retenus dans la couche de sable (15) perméable à l'eau et purifiés par l'activité des bactéries vivant dans le sol. L'eau de pluie et les autres éléments viennent ensuite se heurter contre la couche de macadam (12) située au fond de la couche de sable (15) perméable à l'eau, qui constitue une couche de matériau fluidisé, résistant; le fertilisant, le pesticide et tout autre produit toujours mélangés et restant toujours dans l'eau de pluie s'écoulant vers la couche inférieure de macadam (12), sont alors entraînés au fond de la couche de macadam pour être filtrés et, à la fin du processus, seule l'eau de pluie purifiée est recueillie dans les tuyaux collecteurs d'eau (21, 22 et 23) puis déversée à l'extérieur des parcours de golf.
PCT/JP1991/000489 1990-04-13 1991-04-12 Procede et systeme de regulation et de purification de l'ecoulement de pesticide et de produit similaire dans les parcours de golf Ceased WO1991016496A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2/96484 1990-04-13
JP2/96483 1990-04-13
JP9648390A JPH03295906A (ja) 1990-04-13 1990-04-13 ゴルフ場における農薬等の流出抑制、浄化方法及び装置
JP9648490A JPH03295907A (ja) 1990-04-13 1990-04-13 ゴルフ場における農薬等の流出抑制、浄化装置

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WO1991016496A1 true WO1991016496A1 (fr) 1991-10-31

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996012067A1 (fr) * 1994-10-14 1996-04-25 Coventry University Systeme de dallage servant a controler les ecoulements et les inondations
EP1892223A1 (fr) 2001-09-26 2008-02-27 Strategic Environmental Technologies Ltd. Ensemble de traitement biologique de l'eau comprenant un dispositif de croissance de bactérie et procédé associé à celui-ci

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS521641Y2 (fr) * 1972-08-10 1977-01-14
JPS58216782A (ja) * 1982-06-09 1983-12-16 Koji Niwayama 蒸発拡散装置
JPS60208504A (ja) * 1984-03-30 1985-10-21 日本緑営株式会社 ゴルフ用グリ−ンの地下構造
JPS6480617A (en) * 1987-09-22 1989-03-27 Akio Yamamoto Construction of underdrainage

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS521641Y2 (fr) * 1972-08-10 1977-01-14
JPS58216782A (ja) * 1982-06-09 1983-12-16 Koji Niwayama 蒸発拡散装置
JPS60208504A (ja) * 1984-03-30 1985-10-21 日本緑営株式会社 ゴルフ用グリ−ンの地下構造
JPS6480617A (en) * 1987-09-22 1989-03-27 Akio Yamamoto Construction of underdrainage

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996012067A1 (fr) * 1994-10-14 1996-04-25 Coventry University Systeme de dallage servant a controler les ecoulements et les inondations
JP3452933B2 (ja) 1994-10-14 2003-10-06 コベントリー ユニバーシティー こぼれ及び氾濫処理のための舗装組織
EP1892223A1 (fr) 2001-09-26 2008-02-27 Strategic Environmental Technologies Ltd. Ensemble de traitement biologique de l'eau comprenant un dispositif de croissance de bactérie et procédé associé à celui-ci

Also Published As

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