WO1991015346A1 - Installation for conditioning concrete blocks - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposal is for an installation for conditioning concrete blocks in a treatment drum (3) in which the blocks treated are sorted and packed. To this end, the drum (3) has a chute (21, 25) fitted behind it for separation and orientation from where the blocks are taken via conveyor (27) to a sliding table (33). The rows of blocks are arranged in parallel lines on the sliding table (33) by means of a pusher (37) so that they can be arranged on pallets by means of a grab.

Description

 Plant for the treatment of concrete blocks

Description:

The invention relates to a system for treating concrete blocks according to the preamble of claim 1.

State of the art:

From DE 35 26 782 a device according to the preamble of claim 1 has become known. Like this known device, the device according to DE 29 22 393 AI works with a rotatably driven, inclined drum, which is used for the temporary reception and for the treatment of concrete blocks or paving stones.

The finished concrete blocks are entered in DE 29 22 393 AI at one end into the rotating drum and conveyed through this during the rotary movement of the drum. The overlapping of the stones causes the outer edges of the concrete blocks to break, giving them a particularly rustic and thus artificially aged appearance. The cuboid-shaped concrete blocks with their rectangular or square layout are created by the circulation at the edges and corners therefore broken or rounded. The interior of a known drum is provided, at least in the entrance area, with a type of mesh which is supported on T-beams, the T-beams extending over the entire length of the drum. In addition, guide vanes can protrude radially into the interior of the drum in order to create a kind of revolution during the rotary movement. When processing the concrete blocks according to DE 29 22 393, it is not specified how the concrete blocks are handled after the drum treatment. Generally, these fall loosely out of the drum and form an unsorted pile with concrete blocks lying one above the other.

From DE 35 26 782 AI of the rotating drum for the purpose of sorting or stacking a paving stone sorting and stacking system has become known, in which the concrete blocks are separated from one another via conveyor belts and downstream collection and organization devices and subsequently sorted. The stones are then fed in rows to a packaging device.

This known device or system has the disadvantage that it is prone to malfunction and therefore uneconomical.

Advantages of the invention:

The system according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has compared to the known Facilities have the advantage that a very effective and economical treatment of the concrete blocks including a sorting and stacking system is created. Only extremely simple and therefore fault-insensitive components are used, which ensure reliable operation of the system with high throughput.

The invention can be seen in particular in the overall system, i. i.e. in the interaction of the individually coordinated components. For example, when entering the paving stones to be treated into the drum, care is taken to ensure that they are fed to the drum individually or at most as a stone disc with a row of stones arranged side by side and one above the other due to their arrangement. The drum itself consists of several zones with a damping entrance zone with an inner net drum, a middle beating zone with blow bars or driving bars and a smooth rear zone as a calming zone.

The stones falling out of the drum are separated and aligned in the longitudinal direction by the slide attached to the drum. This alignment can also be influenced by baffle plates installed in the slide, the trough-shaped arrangement of the slide serving as the essential alignment element.

According to the invention, the aligned stones are fed to a sliding table one behind the other via a conveying device, with the stones being fed to the sliding table Rows of stones can be pushed side by side using a sliding device. A horizontal layer formed in this way can then be removed from the sliding table by means of a gripping device, with the individual rows of stones being able to be offset longitudinally beforehand.

The sub-claims contain advantageous and expedient developments of the basic idea of the invention.

Further details and advantages of the invention are shown in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. Show it

1 is a side view of the system,

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the illustration of Fig. 1 and

Fig. 3 is an end view along the section line I-I in Fig. 1, but with additional cuts in the drum.

The plant shown in the Figures 1 to 3 1 for the treatment of concrete blocks 2 is composed of a rotatingly driven drum 3 with a horizontal or slightly inclined longitudinal axis 4 wherein the angle of inclination ^ ^»β may amount to 5 ^■ 0 _*. The drum 3 is arranged on a machine frame, the lower drum region 6 being set up from the floor 7 at a height h. The drum 3 has z. B. a diameter of D - '120 cm and a length of L • "•« ••' 420 cm. The concrete blocks 2 to be treated in the drum 3 are fed via a feed conveyor belt 8 to the end face 9 of the drum 3 on the left in FIGS. 1 and 2, the concrete blocks 2 being fed to the drum 3 individually or as a stone disc 10 with a row of stones arranged side by side and one above the other can be. The belt speed of the conveyor belt 8 can be regulated in such a way that the flow of stones 2 in the system can be adjusted and coordinated with one another.

Between the drum 3 and the feed conveyor belt 8, a funnel-shaped feed device 11 is arranged in front of the end face 9, the shape of which can be similar to that of the inlet chute of a mobile concrete mixer. The feed hopper 11 is dimensioned such that it can accommodate all sizes of the stone disks 10. At the same time, it serves as a buffer member for setting the optimum fill level of the drum 3. For this purpose, the feed device can also be designed as a buffer belt with a variable drive. If the drum 3 is overloaded, the stone feed is then throttled.

FIG. 3 is a view of FIG. 1 along the vertical section line II, ie an end view of the rear area of the drum 3 with additional attachments. 3, the cylindrical drum 3 is shown in the left half of the figure above the section line 12 as a section along the line II-II and in the right half of the figure as a section along the section line III-III of FIG. 1. The section II-II relates to the entrance area of the drum 3 to about the middle of the drum, the section III-III the adjoining one Area of the drum which extends to the area along the section line IV-IV in Fig. 1.

-^~ _*J 22,5" rund um die Trommel als Längsleisten verlaufen. Die Leisten sind im Querschnitt ca. 8 cm breit und 5 bis 10 cm hoch. Lediglich im hintersten Bereich mit der Länge 1- -_^-» 20 bis 50 cm ist eine Beruhigungszone 14 vorgesehen, in welcher die Steine durch die Schlagleisten oder Mitnahmeleisten 13 nicht mehr innerhalb der Trommel nach oben transportiert werden, sondern in der Trommel im unteren Bereich liegenbleiben.Over almost the entire length 1, the inside of the drum has blow bars 13 or driving bars 13 on its entire inner circumference, which are at an angular distance of, for example

- ^~ _* J 22.5 "run around the drum as longitudinal strips. The strips are approximately 8 cm wide and 5 to 10 cm high in cross section. Only in the rearmost area with the length 1- - _^ -» 20 to 50 cm a calming zone 14 is provided, in which the stones are no longer transported upwards within the drum by the blow bars or driving bars 13, but remain in the lower area of the drum.

In order to dampen the impact when inserting the concrete blocks 2 and to cause a separation of the concrete blocks within the drum 3, about the first half of the drum with the length 1 is equipped with a wire mesh 15, which is supported on the blow bars and axially extending support rods 16 is fixed. The wire mesh 15 springs and causes a resilient rolling and a separation of the introduced concrete blocks. This input area with the length 1_ is referred to as the damping zone 17 and the area that follows thereafter with the blow bars or drive bars 13 and the length 1 as the working zone 18. The calming zone 14 or buffer zone adjoins this working zone 18.

The drum 3 can be driven by load regulators, which can regulate an optimal loading and an optimal degree of filling of the drum. On the rear rear side 19 of the drum 3, a funnel-shaped extension 20 is shown, which serves as a dust extraction 20.

The concrete blocks treated in the drum 3 come to rest in the rear calming zone or buffer zone 14 in the lower region of the drum, from where a slide 21, which is trapezoidal in plan view, to form a collecting funnel for the stones, with the wider base side 22 and a base length 1 connects. The base side 22 is dimensioned so wide that all concrete blocks falling out of the drum always reach the slide 21. Reference number 2 shows a paving stone emerging from the drum 3 on the slide 21.

The chute 21 has a length l _fi '\ *> 60 to 80 cm, and is curved in cross-section, or semi-cylindrical shaped. The radius of curvature in the area of the drum connection is approx. R .. ^{r ~} ~ -> 60 cm, since the drum 3 has a diameter of z. B. D -> - 120 cm. The slide 21 then tapers over the length l _fi to a radius of curvature r, ' ^Λ - ^< 15 to 20 cm on the shorter base side 23. The angle of inclination of the slide 21 θ (_ is approximately 30 to 40 °.

Due to the curvature of the slide 21, the concrete blocks emerging obliquely from the drum 3 are always in their longitudinal axis 24 in the case of rectangular stones 2 or in their corresponding axis of symmetry in the case of square stones aligned. This is due to the fact that a cuboid body located in a trough or a curved container tends to always align itself in the direction of its longest edges and accordingly rests on the long side edges. A cuboid paving stone would therefore never lie point-like on the corner areas in such a curved slide. The slide 21 therefore represents a device for separating and aligning the concrete blocks 2 in their longitudinal axis 24. In addition, the slide 21 can guide devices 49 such. B. guide plates, cams, alignment fingers or the like. For separating and guiding the stones. These measures can bring about precise alignment and, if necessary, redeployment, tipping or the like of the stones.

beträgt ca. 25 bis 35°. Das Längenverhältnis 1_ : l_g der beiden Rutschen 21, 25 beträgt etwa 2 : 1. Die Rutsche 25 hat prinzipiell die gleiche Aufgabe wie die Rutsche 21, wobei der Wölbungsradius r dem unteren Ende 23 der Rutsche 21 entspricht (Radius r. ^• ) .The trapezoidal slide 21 is followed by a further slide 25 on the narrower base side 23, which has largely axially parallel side surfaces 26 and which is also designed in cross section as a semicircular groove. The length of this slide 25 is 1_, the angle of inclination

is approx. 25 to 35 °. The length ratio 1_: l _{g of} the two slides 21, 25 is approximately 2: 1. The slide 25 basically has the same function as the slide 21, the radius of curvature r corresponding to the lower end 23 of the slide 21 (radius r. ^• ).

₄ ggf • kleiner und damit die Bauhöhe h, kleiner ausfallen, da die Vibration den Transport unterstützt.Both the slide 21 and the slide 25 can be provided with a common or individually schematically indicated vibration device 50 in order to to facilitate the movement of the separation and the transport of the stones. This also allows the angle of inclination

₄ if necessary • be smaller and thus the overall height h, smaller, since the vibration supports transport.

The total length of the two slides 21, 25 is 1

Designated 8. It extends to a conveyor 27 which connects to the rear chute 25. The conveyor device 27 is designed as a chain belt conveyor 27 with two parallel chains 28, 29, which have drivers 30 between them for taking the stones 2. The drivers 30 are arranged one behind the other in such a way that each individual concrete block 2 is gripped by a driver 30. The inlet area 31 on the chain belt 27 can be equipped with additional guide plates 32. These guide plates 32 cause the concrete blocks to reach the chain belt 27 in a generally aligned manner.

A sliding table 33 is arranged behind the chain belt 27 and has an approximately square outline in plan view. The concrete blocks 2 transported one behind the other on the chain belt 27 are pushed one behind the other by the drivers 30 onto the sliding table 33 and form a concrete block row 34, as shown in FIG. 2 in a top view with four individual blocks 2. In this case, the sliding table 33 generally does not itself have a conveying device in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the installation, since the stones are pushed onto the sliding table 33 from the next stone by the drivers 30. However, there can be an additional one Guide device for a row of stones 34 may be provided on the sliding table.

A limit switch 36 is provided at the end 35 of the sliding table opposite the chain belt, which comes into action when the chain belt 27 has pushed a complete row of stones 34 onto the sliding table 33. The limit switch 36 is accordingly actuated by the first stone 2 'of the concrete block row 34, which is on the right in FIG. 2.

The actuation of the limit switch 36 causes one

Switching off either the chain belt 27 or the entire system arranged in front of the sliding table 33. The complete

Row of stones 34 is then elongated

Sideshift 37 horizontally and laterally in one

Parallel position pushed in the figure 2 with row of stones

38 is designated. A row of stones already arranged there was shifted into the next row 39 of stones arranged parallel to it. Overall are in

Fig. 2 arranged five rows of stones 34, 38 to 41 arranged in parallel, each by a

Parallel displacement of the first row of stones applied by the chain belt 27 by means of the side slider 37 results. The side slide 37 has a length 1y, which corresponds to the multiple length of an individual stone, ie, as shown in FIG. 2, the length of four individual stones arranged one behind the other. Of course, a different number of stones can be arranged in a row. For example, five stones arranged one behind the other can be arranged in four rows arranged side by side on the sliding table 33. So that the last concrete block 2 ″, which does not belong to the row 34 to be moved in parallel, but is still between the chain belt 27 and the sliding table 33, does not perform a tilting movement during the parallel movement, a holding pin 42 or a corresponding retaining plate 42 is provided, which holds the block 2 ' ¹ fixed in its position.

The position of concrete blocks formed in this way on the sliding table 33 can be lifted off a known gripper system and placed on a pallet (not shown in more detail). So that the stones sorted in this way on the pallet are not all tower-like one above the other, the sliding table 33 has displacement devices 43 on its two end faces, which include laterally adjustable displacement cylinders 44. The displacement cylinders 44 are positioned in such a way that they each capture every second row of stones 38 to 41 in order to shift them against one another in their longitudinal axis 45. The row 38 is accordingly shifted to the left by a certain amount by an adjusting cylinder 44 arranged on the right and the row 39 horizontally shifted to the right by an adjusting cylinder 44 arranged on the left, so that there is an offset of the stones of the rows 38, 39. The same applies analogously to the rows 40 with a left shift and 41 with a right shift. This creates an offset of the stones, which improves the stackability of the stone rows on top of each other.

In Fig. 1 the row of stones 34 is not shown on the sliding table 33, so that only the side shift 37th you can see. The side shift 37 is connected to a pneumatic or electrical stroke adjustment device 46. The horizontal lifting movement to be carried out on the sliding table 37 in the direction of arrow 47 is a width of the row of stones 34 to be applied.

The individual system parts connected in series are coordinated with one another with regard to their clock frequency for conveying the stones. This applies in particular with regard to an optimal dwell time of the stones in the drum 3.

The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiment described and illustrated. Rather, it also includes all professional training and improvements.

Claims

Expectations: 1. Plant for the treatment of concrete blocks, with an entry device (8) for the concrete blocks (2) to a rotating, driven, preferably inclined drum (3) for temporarily receiving and treating the concrete blocks, which can be conveyed in the longitudinal direction of the drum, and with a discharge device (21, 25) and a downstream sorting device (27, 33) for sorting and stacking the concrete blocks, characterized in that at the exit of the drum (3) a chute tapering in the direction of transport and sloping in its cross-section or curved in cross-section (21, 25) is arranged, which serves for the longitudinal alignment of the concrete blocks (2) with their side edges parallel to the transport direction (48), that the slide (21, 25) is followed by a conveyor (27) on which the longitudinally aligned concrete blocks (2 ) can be transported one behind the other, that the conveyor (27) is followed by a sliding table (33), on which the concrete blocks (2) are lined up in a row (34) in a predetermined number and that the sliding table (33) has a slide (37) arranged to the side of the concrete block row (34), which slides the concrete block row into a parallel one Position (38) shifts. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the chute (21, 25) has a trapezoidal conveyor section (21) in plan view, which is designed with its wider base side (22) pointing towards the drum (3), the support width ( 1_) is dimensioned such that the concrete blocks (2) falling out of the rotating drum (3) can be caught by means of the slide (21). 3. Plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the trapezoidal slide conveyor section (21) is followed by a further, also curved, cross-sectionally semi-cylindrical slide conveyor section (25). 4. Plant according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the trapezoidal slide (21) has a radius of curvature of approx. R. ~ 60 cm to r. * ~ 20 cm and an inclination angle of G \, ^« ^ 30 to 40 ° and the ^■ downstream slide (25) a radius of curvature of approx. X- •" • - '20 cm with an inclination angle of c _ ₂ r- * 25 up to 35 °. 5. Plant according to claim 3, characterized in that the trapezoidal slide (21) is approximately half as long as the subsequent semi-cylindrical slide (25). 6. Plant according to one or more of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the slide (21) and / or the slide (25) guide devices (49), such as guide plates, alignment fingers, cams or the like. have, which serve for the desired directional orientation and alignment as well as for separating the concrete blocks (2). 7. Plant according to one or more of the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the slide (21) and / or the slide (25) is provided with a vibration device (50). 8. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the conveyor (27) is designed as a chain belt (27) with preferably two parallel chains (28, 29) which have upward drivers (30) for the concrete blocks (2) , preferably a driver is assigned to each concrete block. 9. Plant according to claim 8, characterized in that the chain belt (27) in its front inlet area conically arranged baffles (32) and possibly lateral longitudinal guide rails for alignment and guidance for the concrete blocks (2). 10. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the sliding table (33) at its, the chain belt (27) opposite end (35) has an end stop (36) which can be actuated by a pushed-on concrete row (34) and the chain belt ( 27) switches off. 11. Plant according to claim 1 or 10, characterized in that the side shift (37) after switching off the chain belt (27) on the sliding table (33) pushed concrete block row (34) by one Stone width shifts parallel (row 38), the slide (37) having the length 1- of the row of concrete blocks (34) lined up one behind the other. 12. Plant according to claim 1, 10 or 11, characterized in that a horizontally oriented retaining pin (42) or a retaining plate (42) the concrete block to be moved (34) subsequent concrete block (2 ") maintains its position. 13. Plant according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of parallel displaced rows (38 to 41) of concrete blocks (2) are arranged side by side on the sliding table (33), the side shift (37) all rows by one Stone width shifts. 14. Installation according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the end faces of the rows of concrete blocks arranged parallel to one another (38 to 41) adjusting devices (43) with adjusting cylinders (44) are provided, the mutual displacement of two adjacent rows of concrete blocks (38 to 41). 15. Plant according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a gripper removes a stone layer formed from a plurality of rows of concrete blocks (34, 38 to 41) lying next to one another from the sliding table (33). 16. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the drum (3) inclined in the conveying direction (48) and has an almost horizontal longitudinal axis (4), that the drum preferably consists of three zones (17, 18, 14) with one front damping zone (17) with damping net (15), a middle working zone (18) with blow bars (13) or driving bars (13) and a rear calming zone (14) and / or buffer zone (14) without drum installations. 17. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the concrete blocks (2) of the drum (3) via a feed conveyor belt (8) by means of a feed hopper (11) can be fed, wherein the concrete blocks (2) individually or in stone slices (10) can be fed are.