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WO1991014397A1 - Affichage composite pour graphismes tridimensionnels simules et donnees effectives de representation d'images - Google Patents

Affichage composite pour graphismes tridimensionnels simules et donnees effectives de representation d'images Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991014397A1
WO1991014397A1 PCT/US1991/002102 US9102102W WO9114397A1 WO 1991014397 A1 WO1991014397 A1 WO 1991014397A1 US 9102102 W US9102102 W US 9102102W WO 9114397 A1 WO9114397 A1 WO 9114397A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dimensional
displaying
actual
feature
display
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PCT/US1991/002102
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English (en)
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Tyrone L. Hardy
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/103—Treatment planning systems
    • A61N5/1031—Treatment planning systems using a specific method of dose optimization
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/10—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges for stereotaxic surgery, e.g. frame-based stereotaxis

Definitions

  • Patent Application Serial No. 07/290,316 entitled Method and Apparatus for Video Presentation from a Variety of Scanner Imaging Sources, to Tyrone L. Hardy, filed on December 23, 1988, further filed as Canadian Patent Application Serial No. 612,019, filed on September 19, 1989, and U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 07,428,242, entitled Three
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for combining real or actual three-dimensional scanning or imaging data with simulated graphics so that the three-dimensional nature of structures within a given area or region, such as a head, can be viewed in relationship to the original image data.
  • MRI magnetic resonance imaging
  • NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
  • CT computer tomography
  • isotope imaging techniques other multi-planar scanners, and the like.
  • Line Tracing or Boundary Marking of Data Taken From Image Sections are used to create "wire frame" graphic simulations of the contour margins of each section and thereby simulate image data in a three-dimensional fashion.
  • Such wire frame simulations are usually rotated so that they can be viewed from several perspectives to create a three-dimensional image.
  • the wire frame simulations are shaded to produce solids which can then be simulated in a three—dimensional fashion with associated simulation of light source views from various directions.
  • the disadvantage of this technique is that the original image, from techniques such as CT, MRI, etc. , is discarded once the wire frame tracings have been made.
  • Valuable data with regard to the quality and features in the original image data are lost or not used. For example, this is somewhat like comparing a photograph of an object to a line tracing of an object. In essence, the original image is used to create another image which is a rough simulation of some features of the original image.
  • the present invention can combine images representing actual data of a patient's tumor, and combine this image with simulations, such as tumor volume; treatment zones to treat the tumor, such as radiation implant zones; path of a probe to reach the tumor; and the like.
  • the present invention comprises an apparatus for displaying a combined three—dimensional representation.
  • This apparatus comprises means for calling from storage and displaying in a two—dimensional representation, at least one of the selected actual features of an actual three—dimensional object, such as tumors, lesions, abscesses, or abnormalities; means for generating and displaying in a two-dimensional representation a graphic simulation of at least one associated three- dimensional feature (a feature or structure of the actual object, such as a transparent solid volume or wire frame structure, or a feature or structure of another object, such as a stereotactic frame, probe, probe trajectory, radiation implant, radiation zone resulting from a radiation implant, or radiation beam); and means for combining the graphic simulation display with the display of selected actual features as a composite image in a manner suitable for viewing.
  • Useful imaging techniques include CT, NMR, PET, DSA, isotope imaging, and the like.
  • the composite image display allows for selection of a two-dimensional planar slice through the actual object and displaying the selected slice in combination with the three- dimensional graphic simulation two—dimensional display.
  • This two- dimensional planar slice can be displayed at essentially any viewer determined perspective.
  • the graphic simulation provides for the display of a volume above and/or below the planar slice.
  • the selected actual features and graphic simulations may be displayed in any form, including wire frame representations, transparent solid representations, relative transparencies, and multiple color representations.
  • the present invention further comprises a method for displaying a combined three—dimensional representation. This method comprises the following steps of:
  • An advantage of the apparatus and method of the invention is that it improves the utilization of scanning and imaging techniques and devices.
  • Fig. 1 is a photograph of a computer screen display of an actual CT image section or scan slice combined with a simulated stereotactic frame and a stereotactic surgical probe directed towards a tumor lesion within the confines of the head;
  • Fig. 2 is a photograph of a computer screen display of an enlarged image section of Fig. 1, showing a wire frame simulation of a tumor volume;
  • Fig. 3 is a photograph of a computer screen display of an enlarged image section of Fig. 1, showing a simulated wire frame and shading to present the tumor as a three—dimensional shell;
  • Fig. 4 is a photograph of a computer screen display of an actual scan image slice with simulated wire frame tumor volume above and below the slice and simulated stereotactic probes and radioactive seeds;
  • Fig. 5 is a photograph of a computer screen display of multiple views of actual scan image slices in relationship to other corresponding CT images and showing simulated radiation treatment zones within a simulated shell of the tumor volume;
  • Fig. 6 is a photograph of a computer screen display of an enlarged view of an image, such as shown in Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is a photograph of a computer screen display of multiple views of an example of simulated tumor volumes within the confines of a brain and simulated radiation treatment zones;
  • Fig. 8 is a photograph of a computer screen display of a wire frame presentation of a stereotactic frame, a tumor, and a probe trajectory;
  • Fig. 9 is a photograph of three—dimensional simulation of a stereotactic frame and actual MRI images in frontal, saggital, and horizontal views using a whole brain voxel proportional method for simulated mapping of each voxel area of the brain viewed; and Fig. 10 is a block diagram of the apparatus and method of the invention.
  • the present invention combines or overlays actual image representations with simulated wire frame or solid graphics such that the three-dimensional nature or features of structures or objects within a given area or region, e.g. , head, can be displayed and viewed in relationship to one another.
  • the advantage of the present invention is that the original image data is not discarded to create the three- dimensional simulation, yet associated data is used to construct wire frame or solid contours of three-dimensional forms and structures within the area of interest.
  • the apparatus and method of the invention provide for the following: (a) scanning, acquiring images, or imaging 10 an actual three-dimensional object (e .g. , brain), preferably with a multi-slice imaging technique (e .g. , from MRI, CT, DSA (Digital Subtraction Angiography) , PET (Positron Emission Topography) , and other isotope scanners) and storing 12 the data obtained; (b) calling from storage 12 and displaying 14 in a two-dimensional representation (e .g. , on a computer display screen or video monitor) a selected feature or structure (e .g.
  • a multi-slice imaging technique e .g. , from MRI, CT, DSA (Digital Subtraction Angiography) , PET (Positron Emission Topography) , and other isotope scanners
  • a multi-slice imaging technique e .g. , from MRI, CT, DSA (Digital Subtraction Angiography)
  • the scanner 10 may be directly connected to the storage 12 and display 14 means, such that images are directly acquired, or images may be transferred to the storage 12 and display 14 means via tape, ethemet or camera. Digital data of images may be stored in the storage 12 and display 14 means, such as a computer memory.
  • the digital data in the images is analyzed and displayed to define certain selected features or structures, or to outline the boundaries of certain features or structures. Similar data from other image sections are also analyzed and stored. These data are then utilized to create three-dimensional simulations of selected features or structures, such as wire frame, solid, surface renditions, or transparent three—dimensional renditions.
  • the images created thereby are then displayed with various originally obtained images, such as slices, to create a three-dimensional simulation of selected features or structures rendered in various three—dimensional manners, noted above, such that they can be seen in relationship to the actual CT, NMR or other scanning data.
  • Various original scan data can be selectively displayed in relationship to the images created or simulated and rotated and manipulated in various ways.
  • Images created can be further simulated in various manners to define graphical three- dimensional simulation of other objects (e .g. , stereotactic frame, probe, probe trajectories, radiation implants, and radiation zones, radiation and laser beams, and the like). Images created and stored can be recalled for further display.
  • objects e .g. , stereotactic frame, probe, probe trajectories, radiation implants, and radiation zones, radiation and laser beams, and the like.
  • the simulation can be of a feature of the actual object (e .g. , tumor volume or structure, or other sub—structures, such as blood vessels or ventricular systems within the brain or other body areas), or a feature of another object (stereotactic frame, probe, probe trajectories, radiation implants, and radiation zones resulting from proposed radiation implants), which combined with the image from the actual data provides an effective tool for the clinician.
  • the features simulated can be represented as transparent solids, wire frame structures, in varying colors and transparencies, and combinations thereof, and other renditions, depending on the desired visual effect.
  • a two-dimensional planar slice through the brain generated from actual data can be combined with graphic simulation of a volumetric entity, such as a tumor, above and below the planar slice.
  • the planar slice may be viewed at essentially any viewer determined perspective.
  • the apparatus and method of the invention preferably utilize the imaging methods and apparatus of U.S. Serial No. 07/290,316, entitled Method .and Apparatus for Video Presentation from a Variety of Scanner Imaging Sources , to Tyrone L. Hardy, to generate more accurate images from actual data or actual data combined with known data (e .g. , brain maps) , although other techniques for generating images from actual data could be utilized in the invention.
  • the resulting images from the actual data is then combined with simulated graphics data to yield three-dimensional information useful for diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical techniques and other clinical procedures.
  • the graphics simulations can be accomplished by methods well known in the art using standard three-dimensional transformation algorithms or methods, or by the methods described in patent application Serial No. 07/290,316.
  • the position of wire frame or other renditions of structures or features within any image is transposed to the actual image by these techniques.
  • the computer is connected to a video printer, camera, magnetic tape, ethernet image acquisition interface, or the like, so that black and white or preferably color copies or photos can be printed whenever the viewer desires to make a record of the procedure or images obtained.
  • all resulting images are stored (e .g. , on magnetic or video tape) so that an archive record can be maintained by the clinician.
  • the preferred apparatus and method of the invention provide for one or more of the following features: acquisition of images directly from any scanner; pseudo—coloring; edge detection; pixel analysis; precise volume and point—to—point measurements; perspective viewing of multiple image sections; and Flicker-Frame-Overlay for transparency viewing (an image display technique in which the viewer of a computer video monitor screen is presented with alternating frames of different images or images from different sources in a rapidly alternating manner such that images from two different sources appear to be transparent to one another, i.e., two images are presented in the same frame of reference for comparison) .
  • the invention may provide for one or more of the following features: preoperative planning and simulation of the operative procedure; and tailored graphic scaling of brain maps, probe tracks, electrophysiological maps, and volumetric and coordinate measurements to patient images.
  • the invention may provide for one or more of the following features: probe coordinate determination; probe trajectory simulation; anatomical or electrophysiological diencephalic mapping; whole brain mapping (e .g. , Talairach/Tournoux) ; three-dimensional brachytherapy optimization; three-dimensional laser localization for open craniotomy, such as disclosed in co-pending application Serial No. 07,428,242, entitled Three Dimensional Laser Localization Apparatus and Method for Stereotactic Diagnoses or Surgery, to Tyrone L.
  • the mapping systems can be individually scaled and superimposed over any patient's image for specific mapping purposes.
  • the invention provides for rapid probe coordinate determination and various simulations of the probe's position; perspective; a graphic simulation of the probe as it travels through a series of stacked slices; a three-way graphic view of the probe on combinations of sagittal, frontal and horizontal images from various scanners; and three—dimensional graphic simulation of the probe, pointing indicators, or the like, within a stereotactic frame.
  • the term "probe” includes other pointing indicators, such as laser beams, X—ray or radiation beams, other beams, trajectories, and the like.
  • Fig. 1 shows an actual CT scan planar slice simulated within a stereotactic frame with a stereotactic surgical probe directed toward a tumor lesion within the confines of the head.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 are magnified or enlarged views of the image section shown in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional wire frame simulation of a tumor volume and structure relative to the image slice
  • Fig. 3 shows wire frame simulation shading to present the tumor as a three-dimensional shell.
  • the wire frame simulation of the tumor within the confines of the brain has been shaded such that it appears as a shell.
  • Fig. 4 Is another example of a three-dimensional wire frame simulation of a tumor lesion within the confines of the brain viewed in relation to an actual CT scan image slice.
  • the tumor volume and structure above and below the image slice can be viewed.
  • Vertical stereotactic surgical probes are simulated to show possible trajectories to target areas within the confines of the tumor volume and structure.
  • the bright white spheres on the ends of the simulated probes simulate the position of radioisotope seeds placed within the confines of the tumor as a therapeutic treatment modality.
  • the larger three-dimensional balls or spheres within the confines of the three-dimensional wire frame simulation of the tumor simulates the kill zones or therapeutic zones for some additional isotope seeds.
  • the radioisotope seeds are present at the center of the spheres.
  • This Figure is an example of how multiple areas of interest can be graphically simulated relative to an actual image slice.
  • the surgical or therapeutic techniques can be optimized by varying the position of the radioisotope seeds and by varying the type of radioisotopes, which can be simulated prior to employing the desired procedures.
  • Fig. 5 shows multiple views of the same three-dimensional tumor volume and structure relative to another corresponding CT image showing three-dimensional simulated radiation treatment zones within shell and solid renditions of the tumor volume and structure.
  • the simulated radiation treatment zones dark areas which extend beyond the confines of the simulated tumor volume and structure (light areas) can be readily discerned.
  • Fig. 6 an enlarged computer rendition is shown in Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 7 is another rendition showing radiation treatment zones within the wire frame simulation of the tumor volume and structure and where treatment zones extend beyond the confines of the tumor.
  • Such simulated radiation zones around each seed are used in the preliminary stages of radiation treatment optimization before final dose calculations are performed.
  • the grids e.g. , 1 cm square
  • This particular method can be used to optimize treatment of tumor lesions, that is the goal is to have the radiation treatment zones touch the margins of the tumor volume and structure, but not break out substantially beyond the margins.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates a wire frame presentation of a stereotactic frame, a tumor within the confines of the brain and the simulation of a therapeutic probe's trajectory toward a target area within the confines of the tumor.
  • Fig. 9 is another example showing a three-dimensional simulation of MRI images in frontal, saggital, and horizontal views using a whole brain voxel proportional method for mapping each voxel area of the brain viewed.
  • Various image slices can be presented in a single fashion or in various combinations to study specific areas of interest. Although this photograph shows orthogonal images, images at other angles and in varying combinations may be utilized depending upon the area of interest.
  • This method can also be used, as stated before, to show the three-dimensional relationships of various structures within the confines of the brain in relationship to other structures.
  • the ventricular system, certain blood vessels, tumors, and other structural areas, lesions, abscesses, abnormalities of the brain (or other areas of the body) can be simulated in their three—dimensional relationships to other brain (or other body) areas.
  • the apparatus and method of the invention could be useful in the placement of objects into the body, such as blood vessels during an angiogram, radioisotope therapy, biopsies, radiosurgery, the optimization of laser or stereotactic positioning, surgical or diagnostic methods for other body parts with a frame system suitable for such body parts (e .g. , cylindrical coordinate system for a spinal stereotactic frame, or the like).
  • a frame system suitable for such body parts e .g. , cylindrical coordinate system for a spinal stereotactic frame, or the like.
  • the present invention provides for a high degree of accuracy and one can tell precisely what specific anatomical areas are within the simulated regions.
  • the apparatus of the invention is also useful in conjunction with attachments to frames, such as microscopes, lasers, robots, other stereotactic devices or pointers, and radiation delivery systems.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Computer Graphics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)

Abstract

On rassemble des données effectives de représentation d'images et des graphismes simulés pour former un affichage composite bidimensionnel, par exemple sur un écran d'ordinateur, représentant une relation tridimensionnelle entre des images réelles et des images simulées. L'appareil et le procédé décrits sont utiles en médecine et notamment aux processus stéréotactiques.
PCT/US1991/002102 1990-03-28 1991-03-27 Affichage composite pour graphismes tridimensionnels simules et donnees effectives de representation d'images Ceased WO1991014397A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US50078890A 1990-03-28 1990-03-28
US500,788 1990-03-28

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2692466A1 (fr) * 1992-06-17 1993-12-24 Gen Electric Cgr Procédé de surveillance d'une opération chirurgicale.
US5515160A (en) * 1992-03-12 1996-05-07 Aesculap Ag Method and apparatus for representing a work area in a three-dimensional structure
EP0794728A4 (fr) * 1994-10-27 1998-03-11 Univ Wake Forest Procede et dispositif de production de restitutions interactives et tridimensionnelles d'une selection d'organes corporels comportant une lumiere aux fins de la simulation d'un mouvement dans cette lumiere
US5920319A (en) * 1994-10-27 1999-07-06 Wake Forest University Automatic analysis in virtual endoscopy
WO1999023586A3 (fr) * 1997-10-30 1999-07-08 Baldeweg Gmbh Dr Procede et dispositif de traitement d'objets d'image
US6694163B1 (en) 1994-10-27 2004-02-17 Wake Forest University Health Sciences Method and system for producing interactive, three-dimensional renderings of selected body organs having hollow lumens to enable simulated movement through the lumen
US7301535B2 (en) 2004-09-02 2007-11-27 Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. 3D summary display for reporting of organ tumors
EP2087924A1 (fr) 2008-02-07 2009-08-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de génération et de visualisation d'un profil de faisceau d'ions, système de programmation de traitement et logiciel informatique
WO2014188308A1 (fr) * 2013-05-22 2014-11-27 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Nouvel outil de visualisation et de modification d'épaisseur de compensateur de tissu destiné à être utilisé pour une planification de traitement par rayonnement

Citations (3)

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US4608635A (en) * 1982-08-03 1986-08-26 Thomas Jefferson University Method and apparatus for tomographic diagnosis
US4777598A (en) * 1985-03-22 1988-10-11 Quantel Limited Image processing systems and methods
US4888713A (en) * 1986-09-05 1989-12-19 Cdi Technologies, Inc. Surface detail mapping system

Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4608635A (en) * 1982-08-03 1986-08-26 Thomas Jefferson University Method and apparatus for tomographic diagnosis
US4777598A (en) * 1985-03-22 1988-10-11 Quantel Limited Image processing systems and methods
US4888713A (en) * 1986-09-05 1989-12-19 Cdi Technologies, Inc. Surface detail mapping system
US4888713B1 (en) * 1986-09-05 1993-10-12 Cdi Technologies, Inc. Surface detail mapping system

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4207901C3 (de) * 1992-03-12 1999-10-07 Aesculap Ag & Co Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Darstellung eines Arbeitsbereiches in einer dreidimensionalen Struktur
US5515160A (en) * 1992-03-12 1996-05-07 Aesculap Ag Method and apparatus for representing a work area in a three-dimensional structure
FR2692466A1 (fr) * 1992-06-17 1993-12-24 Gen Electric Cgr Procédé de surveillance d'une opération chirurgicale.
US6909913B2 (en) 1994-10-27 2005-06-21 Wake Forest University Health Sciences Method and system for producing interactive three-dimensional renderings of selected body organs having hollow lumens to enable simulated movement through the lumen
US7853310B2 (en) 1994-10-27 2010-12-14 Wake Forest University Health Sciences Automatic analysis in virtual endoscopy
US5920319A (en) * 1994-10-27 1999-07-06 Wake Forest University Automatic analysis in virtual endoscopy
US6272366B1 (en) 1994-10-27 2001-08-07 Wake Forest University Method and system for producing interactive three-dimensional renderings of selected body organs having hollow lumens to enable simulated movement through the lumen
US6366800B1 (en) 1994-10-27 2002-04-02 Wake Forest University Automatic analysis in virtual endoscopy
US6694163B1 (en) 1994-10-27 2004-02-17 Wake Forest University Health Sciences Method and system for producing interactive, three-dimensional renderings of selected body organs having hollow lumens to enable simulated movement through the lumen
EP0794728A4 (fr) * 1994-10-27 1998-03-11 Univ Wake Forest Procede et dispositif de production de restitutions interactives et tridimensionnelles d'une selection d'organes corporels comportant une lumiere aux fins de la simulation d'un mouvement dans cette lumiere
US7149564B2 (en) 1994-10-27 2006-12-12 Wake Forest University Health Sciences Automatic analysis in virtual endoscopy
US8275446B2 (en) 1994-10-27 2012-09-25 Wake Forest University Health Sciences Automatic analysis in virtual endoscopy
US7792565B2 (en) 1994-10-27 2010-09-07 Wake Forest University Health Sciences Method and system for producing interactive, three-dimensional renderings of selected body organs having hollow lumens to enable simulated movement through the lumen
US6734847B1 (en) 1997-10-30 2004-05-11 Dr. Baldeweg Gmbh Method and device for processing imaged objects
WO1999023586A3 (fr) * 1997-10-30 1999-07-08 Baldeweg Gmbh Dr Procede et dispositif de traitement d'objets d'image
US7301535B2 (en) 2004-09-02 2007-11-27 Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. 3D summary display for reporting of organ tumors
US8173979B2 (en) 2008-02-07 2012-05-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Generating and visualizing an ion beam profile
EP2087924A1 (fr) 2008-02-07 2009-08-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de génération et de visualisation d'un profil de faisceau d'ions, système de programmation de traitement et logiciel informatique
WO2014188308A1 (fr) * 2013-05-22 2014-11-27 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Nouvel outil de visualisation et de modification d'épaisseur de compensateur de tissu destiné à être utilisé pour une planification de traitement par rayonnement
CN105283221A (zh) * 2013-05-22 2016-01-27 皇家飞利浦有限公司 用于在辐射处置规划中使用的新组织补偿器厚度可视化和修改工具
US9974976B2 (en) 2013-05-22 2018-05-22 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Tissue compensator thickness visualization and modification tool for use in radiation treatment planning

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