WO1991012041A1 - Artificial respiration device - Google Patents
Artificial respiration device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1991012041A1 WO1991012041A1 PCT/CH1991/000034 CH9100034W WO9112041A1 WO 1991012041 A1 WO1991012041 A1 WO 1991012041A1 CH 9100034 W CH9100034 W CH 9100034W WO 9112041 A1 WO9112041 A1 WO 9112041A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mouth
- air
- mouthpiece
- ventilator
- container
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0048—Mouth-to-mouth respiration
Definitions
- the invention relates to a mouth ventilator with at least one air inlet and outlet opening and an air-impermeable connecting piece in between.
- Ventilation masks or snorkel-like intraorally inserted devices can hardly be used correctly without practice or can be used in particular in patients who are not willing or willing to cooperate, e.g. Accidents or children are not needed at all. This can question the success of the measure.
- the object of the invention is to provide a respirator that does not have the disadvantages mentioned above and is safe and hygienic to use even for lay people, even in stressful situations.
- This object is achieved according to the invention on the basis of a respirator of the type described in the introduction in that the mouthpiece, which fits between the lips and possibly teeth, projects beyond the corners of the mouth of the receiver from the outside air to seal the mouth, and approximately in the middle of the mouthpiece has an opening suitable for supplying and removing air.
- the ventilator according to the invention is suitable for use by everyone, but also for professional use, e.g. in emergency ventilation or ventilation / perfusion scintigraphy, where a ventilation device must be tightly connected to the patient's airways in order to ensure good filling and visualization of the lungs with e.g. Get xenon gas.
- the ventilator is easy to use; because the mouthpiece with the one air supply opening only has to be pushed between the lips and possibly the teeth of the patient, the uncontrolled escape of air being avoided by the sealing effect associated therewith, and the donor can still blow his own breathing air through the still free air supply opening, or the specialist can connect his respirators or ventilation devices.
- the tight connection between the ventilator and the mouth is brought about by the mouthpiece, the surface of which faces the receiver has a broad side which projects laterally beyond the corners of the mouth and which is at least partially straight or convex or. can be curved concavely, and has at least a convex outward narrow side in its outer region, the surface containing at least one air supply opening approximately in the center.
- the shape of the ventilator can be very different. Because the connector between the mouthpiece and the Air supply opening of the dispenser can be made very narrow and flexible, it is possible to shape the ventilator as a container or hollow body, such as a bottle, case, bag or preferably a pocket pharmacy. For the air supply, a hose or tube is preferably integrated in the container or hollow body or fastened to it.
- Another possibility is to shape the container or the hollow body as an inflatable bellows or pump if desired, optionally equipped with a check valve.
- the ventilator can also be integrated in a glove or attached to it.
- Its openings can be water- and / or air-impermeable and can optionally have hose-like or pipe-like nozzles.
- Suitable materials in particular for the mouthpiece of the ventilator according to the invention, have been natural or synthetic rubber or thermoplastics, such as Pol - ethylene, polypropylene, polyamide or polyurethane, e - meadows.
- FIGS. 1-7 different embodiments of a ventilator according to the invention represented by the Broadside and partly from the narrow side and in the top view of the mouthpiece.
- FIG. 1 and 2 show a respirator (1) in the form of a two-part container (8) which is particularly suitable as a first aid pharmacy.
- the material of the container is preferably a washable and air-impermeable plastic, such as polyethylene.
- the lower part of the container (8) is designed as a hollow body (11) for receiving sanitary articles, the upper part of the container (8), which functions as a lid of the container (8) and at the same time a mouthpiece (3) for represents the ventilator (1) can also be formed as a hollow body.
- the mouthpiece is curved concavely inwards on the surface (4) facing the respirator along its broad side (5) and convexly outwards along its narrow side (6).
- An air supply opening (7) is arranged approximately centrally on the surface (4) facing the respiratory receiver.
- the double curvature of the surface (4) simply results in a sealing effect when the mouthpiece is placed on the mouth of the recipient without a mouthpiece having to be inserted intraorally.
- the opening (7) arranged at the deepest point of the concave broad side (5) and the shoulders (13) of the mouthpiece (3) protruding in the outer area of the wide side (5) have the particular advantage that the teeth or. the Zuige can hardly block the opening (7) in non-cooperative or unwilling patients.
- a hose or tube (9) can be fastened in the mouthpiece (3), the end (12) of which faces the dispenser when the container (8) opens from the mouthpiece (3) so far that the dispenser ends (12 ) can be easily grasped and connected to the respirator or ventilation device or mouth-to-mouth resuscitation can be carried out by yourself in a hygienic and simple manner.
- 3-5 further embodiments of the ventilator (1) are shown. They have in common the convex curvature of the broad side (5) of the mouthpiece (3) facing the receiver.
- the openings (7) partially have additional connecting pieces (10) which can optionally be closed with closures (14), for example pins, twist locks, snap closures or the like.
- the containers (8) shown can thus also serve, for example, to hold drinks.
- FIG. 6 shows another ventilator (1/8), the mouthpiece (3) on the surface facing the receiver (4) is convex in its broad side (5) and the opening (7) has a nozzle (10) with a flexible hose (9), which is wound in the ventilator, is connected so that the other end of the hose with the mouthpiece for the donor or the connection to the respirator or.
- FIG. 7 shows a respirator (1) which is designed as a glove (16) with an integrated mouthpiece (3).
- the tube extending beyond the wrist; . the hose (9) can be attached to the hand with a Velcro fastener.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
BEATMUNGSGERATVENTILATOR
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Mundbeatmungsgerät mit minde¬ stens je einer Lufteintritts- und -austrittsöffnung und einem dazwischen liegenden luftundurchlässigen Verbin¬ dungsstück.The invention relates to a mouth ventilator with at least one air inlet and outlet opening and an air-impermeable connecting piece in between.
Die Abdichtung des Mundbereichs gegen die Aussenluft ist bei der künstlichen Beatmung ein heikles Unterfangen. Die bekannten Beatmungsgeräte, wie z.B. Beatmungsmasken oder schnorchelähnliche intraoral eingeführte Geräte, sind ohne Übung kaum korrekt anzuwenden oder können insbesondere bei nicht kooperationsfähigen oder -willigen Patienten, wie z.B. Verunfallte oder Kinder, überhaupt nicht gebraucht werden. Dies kann den Erfolg der Massnahme in Frage stel¬ len.Sealing the mouth area from the outside air is a delicate undertaking with artificial respiration. The well-known ventilators, e.g. Ventilation masks or snorkel-like intraorally inserted devices can hardly be used correctly without practice or can be used in particular in patients who are not willing or willing to cooperate, e.g. Accidents or children are not needed at all. This can question the success of the measure.
Zudem sind diese Geräte meist sperrig und aufwendig in ih¬ rer Herstellung. In der Regel braucht man beide Hände für ihre Applikation, was eine gleichzeitige Herzmassage durch denselben Helfer praktisch verunmöglicht.In addition, these devices are usually bulky and expensive to manufacture. As a rule, you need both hands for their application, which practically makes simultaneous cardiac massage by the same helper impossible.
Dies hat dazu geführt, dass sich für die Mund-zu-Mund-Be- atmung bei Verunfallten kein für jedermann verwendbares und erschwingliches Beatmungsgerät durchgesetzt hat. Gerade in der heutigen Zeit jedoch ist wegen der drohenden Infekti¬ onsgefahren eine Hygienisierung der Mund-zu-Mund-Beatmung unerlässlich, um Hemmschwellen abzubauen und die Bereit¬ schaft zur ersten Hilfe nicht abnehmen zu lassen.This has led to the fact that mouth-to-mouth breathing in accidents has not become common and affordable for everyone. Especially nowadays, because of the risk of infection, it is essential to hygienize mouth-to-mouth ventilation in order to reduce inhibition thresholds and not to reduce the willingness to provide first aid.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es nun, ein Beatmungsgerät zu schaffen, das die oben erwähnten Nachteile nicht aufweist und auch für Laien selbst in Stresssituationen sicher und hygienisch anzuwenden ist. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss ausgehend von einem Beatmungsgerät der eingangs beschriebenen Gattung dadurch gelöst, dass das Mundstück, das zwischen die Lippen und gegebenenfalls Zähne passt, zwecks Abdichten des Munds von der Aussenluft über die Mundwinkel des Empfängers hinaus¬ ragt-, und etwa in der Mitte des Mundstücks eine zur Luft¬ zufuhr und -entnähme geeignete Öffnung aufweist.The object of the invention is to provide a respirator that does not have the disadvantages mentioned above and is safe and hygienic to use even for lay people, even in stressful situations. This object is achieved according to the invention on the basis of a respirator of the type described in the introduction in that the mouthpiece, which fits between the lips and possibly teeth, projects beyond the corners of the mouth of the receiver from the outside air to seal the mouth, and approximately in the middle of the mouthpiece has an opening suitable for supplying and removing air.
Das erfindugsgemässe Beatmungsgerät eignet sich zur Benüt- zung durch jedermann, aber auch zum professionellen Ge¬ brauch z.B. bei der notfallmässigen Beatmung oder der Ven- tilations-/Perfusionsszintigraphie, wo ein Ventilations¬ gerät dicht mit den Atemwegen des Patienten verbunden wer¬ den muss, um eine gute Füllung und Darstellung der Lunge mit z.B. Xenongas zu erhalten.The ventilator according to the invention is suitable for use by everyone, but also for professional use, e.g. in emergency ventilation or ventilation / perfusion scintigraphy, where a ventilation device must be tightly connected to the patient's airways in order to ensure good filling and visualization of the lungs with e.g. Get xenon gas.
Die Handhabung des Beatmungsgeräts ist denkbar einfach; denn das Mundstück mit der einen Luftzufuhröffnung muss nur zwischen die Lippen und gegebenenfalls Zähne des Patienten geschoben werden, wobei durch den damit verbundenen Ab¬ dichtungseffekt das unkontrollierte Entweichen von Luft vermieden wird, und durch die noch freie Luftzufuhröffnung kann der Spender seine eigene Atemluft einblasen, oder kann der Fachmann seine Beatmungs- oder Ventilationsgeräte an- schliessen.The ventilator is easy to use; because the mouthpiece with the one air supply opening only has to be pushed between the lips and possibly the teeth of the patient, the uncontrolled escape of air being avoided by the sealing effect associated therewith, and the donor can still blow his own breathing air through the still free air supply opening, or the specialist can connect his respirators or ventilation devices.
Die dichte Verbindung zwischen Beatmungsgerät und Mund wird durch das Mundstück bewirkt, dessen dem Empfänger zuge¬ wandte Fläche eine seitwärts über die Mundwinkel hinausra- gende Breitseite aufweist, die mindestens teilweise gerade oder konvex resp. konkav gebogen sein kann, und eine zu¬ mindest in ihrem äusseren Bereich konvex nach aussen gebo¬ gene Schmalseite aufweist, wobei die Fläche etwa mittig mindestens eine Luftzufuhröffnung enthält.The tight connection between the ventilator and the mouth is brought about by the mouthpiece, the surface of which faces the receiver has a broad side which projects laterally beyond the corners of the mouth and which is at least partially straight or convex or. can be curved concavely, and has at least a convex outward narrow side in its outer region, the surface containing at least one air supply opening approximately in the center.
Die Form des Beatmungsgerätes kann sehr verschieden sein. Weil das Verbindungsstück zwischen dem Mundstück und der Luftzufuhröffnung des Spenders sehr schmal und auch flexi¬ bel gestaltet sein kann, ist es möglich, das Beatmungsgerät als Behältnis oder Hohlkörper, wie z.B. eine Flasche, Etui, Tasche oder vorzugsweise Taschenapotheke, auszuformen. Da- bei wird zur Luftzufuhr vorzugsweise ein Schlauch oder Rohr im Behältnis oder Hohlkörper integriert oder an diesem be¬ festigt.The shape of the ventilator can be very different. Because the connector between the mouthpiece and the Air supply opening of the dispenser can be made very narrow and flexible, it is possible to shape the ventilator as a container or hollow body, such as a bottle, case, bag or preferably a pocket pharmacy. For the air supply, a hose or tube is preferably integrated in the container or hollow body or fastened to it.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, das Behältnis oder den Hohlkörper als gewunschtenfalls aufblasbaren Balg oder Pumpe, gegebenenfalls bestückt mit einem Rückschlagventil, auszuformen.Another possibility is to shape the container or the hollow body as an inflatable bellows or pump if desired, optionally equipped with a check valve.
Das Beatmungsgerät kann aber auch in einem Handschuh inte- griert oder auf diesem angebracht sein.The ventilator can also be integrated in a glove or attached to it.
Seine Öffnungen können wasser- und/oder luftundurchlässig verschliessbar sein und gegebenenfalls vorzugsweise schlauch- oder rohrartige Stutzen aufweisen.Its openings can be water- and / or air-impermeable and can optionally have hose-like or pipe-like nozzles.
Als geeignete Materialien insbesondere für das Mundstück des erfindungsgemässen Beatmungsgeräts haben sich Natur¬ oder Synthesekautschuk oder Thermoplaste, wie z.B. Pol - ethylen, Polypropylen, Polyamid oder Polyurethane, e -- wiesen.Suitable materials, in particular for the mouthpiece of the ventilator according to the invention, have been natural or synthetic rubber or thermoplastics, such as Pol - ethylene, polypropylene, polyamide or polyurethane, e - meadows.
Für die Patienten besonders angenehm wirkt sich dabei der Umstand aus, dass weder eine Gesichtsmaske noch ein gege¬ benenfalls würgendes oder zumindest als unangenehm empfun- denes Mundstück in die Mundhöhle eingeführt wird.The fact that neither a face mask nor a possibly choking or at least perceived as unpleasant mouthpiece is inserted into the oral cavity is particularly pleasant for the patient.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden noch an Hand der Zeichnungen beschrieben. Es stellen dar:Embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings. They represent:
- Figuren 1-7 verschiedene Ausführungsformen eines er- findungsgemässen Beatmungsgeräts dargestellt von der Breitseite und teilweise von der Schmalseite und in der Draufsicht des Mundstücks.FIGS. 1-7 different embodiments of a ventilator according to the invention represented by the Broadside and partly from the narrow side and in the top view of the mouthpiece.
In Figuren 1 und 2 wird ein Beatmungsgerät (1 ) in Form ei- nes zweiteiligen Behältnisses (8) gezeigt, das sich insbe¬ sondere als Erste-Hilfe-Apotheke eignet. Das Material des Behältnisses ist vorzugsweise ein abwaschbarer und luftun¬ durchlässiger Kunststoff, wie Polyethylen. Der untere Teil des Behältnisses (8) ist als Hohlkörper (11) zur Aufnahme von Sanitätsartikeln ausgebildet, der obere Teil des Be¬ hältnisses (8), der die Funktion eines Deckels des Behält¬ nisses (8) und gleichzeitig Mundstück (3) für das Beat¬ mungsgerät (1) darstellt, kann auch als Hohlkörper ausge¬ formt sein. Das Mundstück ist an der dem Atemempfänger zu- gewandten Fläche (4) seiner Breitseite (5) entlang konkav nach innen und seiner Schmalseite (6) entlang konvex nach aussen gebogen. An der dem Atemempfänger zugewandten Fläche (4) ist etwa mittig eine Luftzufuhröffnung (7) angeordnet. Die doppelte Wölbung der Fläche (4) hat beim Aufsetzen des Mundstücks auf den Mund des Empfängers auf einfache Art einen Abdichtungseffekt zur Folge, ohne dass ein Mundstück intraoral eingeführt werden muss. Die an der tiefsten Stelle der konkav gewölbten Breitseite (5) angeordnete Öffnung (7) und die im äusseren Bereich der Breitεsite (5) hervorstehenden Schultern (13) des Mundstücks (3) iben den besonderen Vorteil, dass die Zähne resp. die Zuige bei nicht kooperationsfähigen oder -willigen Patienten die Öffnung (7) nur schwerlich verstopfen können.1 and 2 show a respirator (1) in the form of a two-part container (8) which is particularly suitable as a first aid pharmacy. The material of the container is preferably a washable and air-impermeable plastic, such as polyethylene. The lower part of the container (8) is designed as a hollow body (11) for receiving sanitary articles, the upper part of the container (8), which functions as a lid of the container (8) and at the same time a mouthpiece (3) for represents the ventilator (1) can also be formed as a hollow body. The mouthpiece is curved concavely inwards on the surface (4) facing the respirator along its broad side (5) and convexly outwards along its narrow side (6). An air supply opening (7) is arranged approximately centrally on the surface (4) facing the respiratory receiver. The double curvature of the surface (4) simply results in a sealing effect when the mouthpiece is placed on the mouth of the recipient without a mouthpiece having to be inserted intraorally. The opening (7) arranged at the deepest point of the concave broad side (5) and the shoulders (13) of the mouthpiece (3) protruding in the outer area of the wide side (5) have the particular advantage that the teeth or. the Zuige can hardly block the opening (7) in non-cooperative or unwilling patients.
im Mundstück (3) kann ein Schlauch oder Rohr (9) befestigt sein, dessen dem Spender zugewandtes Ende (12) beim Öffnen des Behältnisses (8) aus dem Mundstück (3) so weit heraus¬ ragt, dass der Spender das Ende (12) leicht fassen und an das Beatmungs- oder Ventilationsgerät anschliessen oder die Mund-zu-Mund-Beatmung auf hygienische und einfache Art selber durchführen kann. In den Figuren 3-5 werden weitere Ausführungsformen des Beatmungsgeräts (1) gezeigt. Ihnen gemeinsam ist die kon¬ vexe Wölbung der dem Empfänger zugewandten Breitseite (5) des Mundstücks (3). Die Öffnungen (7) weisen teilweise zu- sätzliche Stutzen (10) auf, die gegebenenfalls mit Ver¬ schlüssen (14), z.B. Zapfen, Drehverschlüssen, Schnappver¬ schlüssen o.a., verschlossen werden können. Die gezeigten Behältnisse (8) können somit z.B. auch der Aufnahme von Getränken dienen.A hose or tube (9) can be fastened in the mouthpiece (3), the end (12) of which faces the dispenser when the container (8) opens from the mouthpiece (3) so far that the dispenser ends (12 ) can be easily grasped and connected to the respirator or ventilation device or mouth-to-mouth resuscitation can be carried out by yourself in a hygienic and simple manner. 3-5 further embodiments of the ventilator (1) are shown. They have in common the convex curvature of the broad side (5) of the mouthpiece (3) facing the receiver. The openings (7) partially have additional connecting pieces (10) which can optionally be closed with closures (14), for example pins, twist locks, snap closures or the like. The containers (8) shown can thus also serve, for example, to hold drinks.
Figur 6 zeigt ein weiteres Beatmungsgerät (1/8), dessen Mundstück (3) an der dem Empfänger zugewandten Fläche (4) in seiner Breitseite (5) konvex gewölbt ist und dessen Öffnung (7) einen Stutzen (10) aufweist, der mit einem biegsamen Schlauch (9), der im Beatmungsgerät aufgewickelt ist, so verbunden ist, dass das andere Ende des Schlauchs mit dem Mundstück für den Spender oder dem Anschluss an das Beatmungs- resp. Ventilationsgerät (15) bei Öffnung des unteren Teils des Beatmungsgeräts (1/8) ergriffen und di- rekt zum Mund des Spenders geführt oder an das Gerät ange¬ schlossen werden kann.Figure 6 shows another ventilator (1/8), the mouthpiece (3) on the surface facing the receiver (4) is convex in its broad side (5) and the opening (7) has a nozzle (10) with a flexible hose (9), which is wound in the ventilator, is connected so that the other end of the hose with the mouthpiece for the donor or the connection to the respirator or. Ventilation device (15) when opening the lower part of the respirator (1/8) is gripped and guided directly to the mouth of the donor or can be connected to the device.
Figur 7 zeigt ein Beatmungsgerät (1 ) , das als Handschuh (16) mit integriertem Mundstück (3) ausgebildet ist. Das über das Handgelenk hinausreichende Rohr res; . der Schlauch (9) kann mit einem Klettverschluss am Handε -huh befestigt werden. FIG. 7 shows a respirator (1) which is designed as a glove (16) with an integrated mouthpiece (3). The tube extending beyond the wrist; . the hose (9) can be attached to the hand with a Velcro fastener.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH929/89-7 | 1990-02-08 | ||
| CH32990 | 1990-02-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1991012041A1 true WO1991012041A1 (en) | 1991-08-22 |
Family
ID=4184543
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CH1991/000034 Ceased WO1991012041A1 (en) | 1990-02-08 | 1991-02-08 | Artificial respiration device |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0466886A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU7212291A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1991012041A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2046065A1 (en) * | 1991-06-05 | 1994-01-16 | Iberhospitex Sa | Interchanging heat and humidity system for mechanical breathing. |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3395700A (en) * | 1965-06-02 | 1968-08-06 | Stillman Milton | Mouth-to-mouth resusctitation device |
| WO1983001386A1 (en) * | 1981-10-21 | 1983-04-28 | Blumensaadt, Hans, Christian | Pump element of an artificial breathing device |
| US4881540A (en) * | 1988-02-05 | 1989-11-21 | Vigilia Larry P | Device and method for assisting in artificial respiration |
| SE462200B (en) * | 1988-02-10 | 1990-05-21 | Sture Bergmark | Respiratory mask for life-saving |
-
1991
- 1991-02-08 WO PCT/CH1991/000034 patent/WO1991012041A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-02-08 EP EP19910903559 patent/EP0466886A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-02-08 AU AU72122/91A patent/AU7212291A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3395700A (en) * | 1965-06-02 | 1968-08-06 | Stillman Milton | Mouth-to-mouth resusctitation device |
| WO1983001386A1 (en) * | 1981-10-21 | 1983-04-28 | Blumensaadt, Hans, Christian | Pump element of an artificial breathing device |
| US4881540A (en) * | 1988-02-05 | 1989-11-21 | Vigilia Larry P | Device and method for assisting in artificial respiration |
| SE462200B (en) * | 1988-02-10 | 1990-05-21 | Sture Bergmark | Respiratory mask for life-saving |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2046065A1 (en) * | 1991-06-05 | 1994-01-16 | Iberhospitex Sa | Interchanging heat and humidity system for mechanical breathing. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0466886A1 (en) | 1992-01-22 |
| AU7212291A (en) | 1991-09-03 |
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