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WO1991010511A1 - Appareil de separation - Google Patents

Appareil de separation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991010511A1
WO1991010511A1 PCT/GB1991/000070 GB9100070W WO9110511A1 WO 1991010511 A1 WO1991010511 A1 WO 1991010511A1 GB 9100070 W GB9100070 W GB 9100070W WO 9110511 A1 WO9110511 A1 WO 9110511A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vessel
block
plate
hydrocyclones
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB1991/000070
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David Andrew Webb
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STATEFOCUS Ltd
Original Assignee
STATEFOCUS Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by STATEFOCUS Ltd filed Critical STATEFOCUS Ltd
Publication of WO1991010511A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991010511A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/08—Vortex chamber constructions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/24—Multiple arrangement thereof
    • B04C5/28—Multiple arrangement thereof for parallel flow

Definitions

  • the invention relates to apparatus for separating a mixture of fluids, such as separating a minor proportion of a lighter fraction of a liquid, e.g. oil, from a major proportion of a heavier fraction of a liquid, e.g. water.
  • a pressure vessel containing a plurality of hydrocyclones, each providing an elongate separating chamber extending from an upstream head, at which there is an inlet for a mixture to be separated and an overflow outlet for a lighter fraction, to a downstream end at which there is an underflow outlet for a heavier fraction, the upstream heads of the hydrocyclones being seated on, and secured to, one face of a plate-like block which is provided with an array of holes through which respective ones of the hydrocyclones extend, the plate-like block also being provided with a conduit system through which the overflow outlets lead to outside the vessel via a lighter fraction outlet
  • the transverse plate which divides the vessel into the two chambers is provided by the plate-like block itself on which the upstream heads of the hydrocyclones are fixed.
  • This has disadvantages in that, in order to provide an adequate seal between these two chambers in the vessel, the plate-like block has previously been sandwiched between two radially outwardly extending flanges on the vessel wall and these flanges have been welded to the peripheral wall of the vessel.
  • the vessel is mounted with its length, i.e. the axes of the hydrocyclones, horizontal, it is again desirable for the length of the vessel to be as short as possible so that minimum plan area will be used to accommodate the vessel. Such plan area is at a premium on oil platforms. It is also desirable for the length of the vessel, parallel to the axes of the hydrocyclones, to be minimised, so that not only the weight of the metal forming the apparatus, but also the weight of the fluid filling the vessel in use, will be minimised.
  • the transverse plate which divides the vessel into the mixture chamber and the heavier fraction chamber is separate and spaced from the plate-like block and is provided with an array of apertures through and to which respective ones of hydrocyclones extend and are sealed but from which they can be withdrawn, the periphery of the plate-like block being at least in part spaced from the vessel wall and the mixture inlet being provided in the vessel wall between the plate-like block and the transverse plate.
  • the plate-like block can be secured in the vessel other than by sandwiching of the plate-like block between flanges of the vessel. Consequently, irrespective of the construction of the vessel, there is no restriction to the proximity of the plate-like block to the end of the casing at which the flange will normally be provided to secure the end plate, removal of which is usual for access to the hydrocyclones.
  • the transverse plate, which divides the vessel into the two chambers is conveniently positioned remote from the end plate, and even if it is sandwiched between flanges welded in the vessel wall, this should not involve any design restrictions.
  • the mixture will enter the vessel between the transverse plate and plate-like block, and flow through the clearance between the periphery of the block and the vessel wall. Since the pressure on both faces of the plate-like block is the same, it is unnecessary for this block, with its complex conduit system, to be made sufficiently strong to withstand differential pressures on its opposite faces. The only differential pressure that has to be withstood by the transverse plate is the pressure difference between the intake mixture and underflow heavier fraction.
  • the plate-like block may be secured in the vessel by having peripheral portions which are bolted to complementary portions on the inner wall of the vessel. However this involves unnecessary fabrication steps which themselves may weaken the pressure vessel wall, requiring it be made of more robust material.
  • the plate-like block is primarily supported in the pressure vessel by being fixed to the transverse plate.
  • the fixing may include a plurality of elongate stays extending substantially parallel to the axes of the hydrocyclones and each engaging at one end the transverse plate and at the other end the plate-like block.
  • the stays may be made of any structural material that can withstand loads.
  • a preferable material would be stainless steel because of its good corrosion resistance and consequent ability to be able to maintain dimensions throughout its life at least close to the dimensions existing at the time of manufacture.
  • the stays are preferably bolted to the plate and block. However, rather than securing the stays directly to the plate and block, the stays may be held sandwiched between the plate and block by the use of tie rods which extend between the plate and block. This would mean that the stays would be unable to carry out any substantial tensile load but would nevertheless be able to carry compressive load, which in many circumstances may be all that the stays are called upon to do.
  • Figure 1 is an axial section of one apparatus
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged part of Figure 1
  • Figure 3 is an axial section of a second apparatus.
  • the apparatus illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 consists of a vessel with a substantially cylindrical upper casing part 1 having welded on radially outwardly projecting flanges 2 and 3 at its upper and lower ends; a domed lower part 4 with a central outlet 5 for the heavier fraction, such as water, and an upper end plate 6 which is bolted to the flange 2.
  • a plurality of up to fifty or more individual hydrocyclones 7 (only one of which is shown) , each of which has an upstream head 8, provided with a mixture inlet 9 and an overflow outlet 10.
  • the overflow outlet 10 leads, through a duct 11 within the head 8, into a conduit system of galleries 12 between upper and lower plates 13 and 14, which, together, form a plate-like block.
  • This block has a diameter which is less than that of the inner diameter of the casing part 1, but is fixed thereto at three equiangular'ly spaced positions by being bolted to two inwardly projecting abutments on the casing 1, and to a lighter fraction outlet member 15, which extends through a boss 16 in the casing part 1.
  • each hydrocyclone seats, in the orientation of the apparatus as illustrated, on the upper face of the plate 13, and is secured to it by bolts 17, thus sealing together aligned ports at the ends of the ducts 11 and ports in the upper plate 13 leading into the channels 12.
  • the body of each hydrocyclone extends down through respective holes 18 in the block and the lower end of each hydrocyclone passes through a respective aperture 19 in a lower support plate 20 and is sealed to it by an O-ring 21.
  • the plate 20 is sandwiched and sealed between the flange 3 on the bottom of the casing part 1 and a flange 22 on the top of the casing part 4 which flanges are bolted together.
  • This plate 20 divides the vessel into an upper mixture chamber 23 and a lower heavier fraction chamber 24, into which heavier fraction outlets 25 at the lower ends of all the hydrocyclones, discharge.
  • a mixture inlet 26 is formed through the wall of the casing part 1, between the block 13,14 and the plate 20 into the mixture chamber 23.
  • a mixture such as a minor proportion of oil in the major proportion of water, is fed into the apparatus through the inlet 26 and passes upwardly through the part annular gap between the periphery of the block 13,14 and the casing part 1, into the part of the chamber 23 above the block, and hence into the inlets 9 of all of the hydrocyclones.
  • Substantially clean water is discharged through the outlets 25 into the chamber 24 and hence out of " the outlet 5.
  • Reject oil which has been separated from the water, is discharged through the overflow outlets 10 and hence via the ducts 11, and via the galleries 12 in the block 13,14, and through a lighter fraction outlet 27 in the member 14.
  • the end plate 6 is removed, whereupon the head 8 of any hydrocyclone can be unbolted from the block 13,14 and drawn out through the block and plate 20. If the particular hydrocyclone is not to be replaced, in order to reduce the capacity of the apparatus, a plug is fitted in the respective aperture which has been left in the plate 20. The respective hole in the block 13,14, which would otherwise convey overflow, is also plugged.
  • the cross-sectional area of the mixture inlet 26 is no more than 10% greater than the cross-sectional area of the passage through which the mixture will flow between the periphery of the plate-like block 13,14 and the surrounding casing part 1. Indeed the two cross sectional areas are preferably substantially the same.
  • the block 13,14 is therefore firmly secured within the vessel and provides one of the primary supports for the hydrocyclones, but in no way seals one part of the vessel interior from another.
  • each hydrocyclone is positively located at two points along its length, that it to say both by the block 13,14 adjacent to its upstream head, and further downstream by the plate 20. Each hydrocyclone can be individually released and removed as necessary from the vessel.
  • the apparatus shown in Figure 3 comprises a pressure vessel having a substantially cylindrical, comparatively thin, peripheral wall 31, with radially outwardly extending flanges 32 and 33 welded on to each end.
  • the lower end of the vessel is closed by an end plate 34, the peripheral edge of which forms a complementary flange which is bolted to the flange 33.
  • Tubular bosses 35 and 36 are welded to ports in the wall 31 and provide external fluid connections to the vessel.
  • the other end of the vessel is closed by a second end plate 37, the peripheral edge of which forms a complementary flange which is bolted to the flange 32, with an interposed ring 38.
  • the ring 38 is a machined ring of carbon steel or stainless steel, formed with a circumferentially spaced plurality of ports 39 to each of which is welded a tubular boss 40, of which one is shown.
  • Within the vessel are supported a plurality of up to fifty or more individual hydrocyclones 41, only two of which are shown.
  • each hydrocyclone has an upstream head 42, provided with a mixture inlet and an overflow outlet, which leads, through a duct within the head 42, into a conduit system of galleries between upper and lower plates 43 and 44, which, together, form a plate-like block.
  • This block has a diameter which is less than that of the inner diameter of the vessel wall 31 and is supported by four equiangularly spaced stays 45, from a transverse plate 46, which is welded and sealed around its whole periphery to the inner surface of the vessel wall 1.
  • the transverse plate could be welded in such a way that it joins two halves of the vessel together and in so doing the transverse plate becomes part of the vessel wall itself.
  • These two approaches may be adopted in any situation, but particularly when the vessel wall is to be manufactured from an expensive material such as stainless steel.
  • This approach eliminates the need of having flanges which would otherwise sandwich the transverse plate.
  • Such flanges are expensive when manufactured of stainless steel, but may be preferable when the vessel is manufactured of carbon steel.
  • each hydrocyclone seats, in the orientation of the apparatus as illustrated, on the upper face of the plate 43 and is secured to it by bolts.
  • the body of each hydrocyclone extends down through a respective hole 47 in the block and the lower end of each hydrocyclone passes through a respective aperture 48 in the support plate 46 and is sealed to it by an O-ring 49.
  • the plate 46 divides the vessel into an upper mixture chamber 50 and a lower heavier fraction chamber 51, into which underflow outlets 52 at the lower ends of all the hydrocyclones discharge.
  • a flexible heavy duty hose 52 leads from the galleries in the block 43,44, to the port 39 and hence boss 40.
  • a mixture such as a minor proportion of oil in a major proportion of water
  • a mixture inlet is fed into the apparatus through the boss 35, which forms a mixture inlet, and passes upwardly through the annular gap between the periphery of the block 43,44 and vessel wall 31, into the part of the chamber 50 above the block, and hence into the mixture inlets of all the hydrocyclones.
  • the oil and water are separated by vortex action in known manner and substantially clean water is discharge through the outlets 52 into the chamber 51, and hence out of the boss 36, which forms a heavier fraction outlet of the vessel.
  • Reject oil which has been separated from the water, is discharged through the overflow outlets in the heads 42 of the hydrocyclones and hence via the ducts, the galleries in the block 43,44, and the hose 53, to the port 39 and boss 40, which form a lighter fraction outlet of the vessel.
  • the second apparatus is otherwise as described with reference to the first example.
  • the essential differences are, firstly, the use of the stays 45, which avoid the need to provide on the inner surface of the vessel wall 31 any direct support for the block 43,44, and which simplify alignment between the holes 47 and apertures 48.
  • the second difference is the use of the port ring 38, which enables further ports and welded-on tubular bosses, like the port 39 and boss 40, to be provided around the ring for other purposes, such as pressure release and venting, without the need to provide further welded connections to the vessel wall 31, adjacent to the welded-on flange 32.
  • the port ring forms an independent feature of the invention.

Landscapes

  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

Des hydrocyclones servant à la récupération de pétrole répandu dans l'eau sont logés dans une enceinte pressurisée (1, 4). L'enceinte est équipée d'un bloc en forme de plaque (13, 14) et d'une plaque inférieure (20) qui divise l'espace intérieur de l'enceinte en une chambre de sortie pour les fractions plus lourdes (24) et une chambre d'entrée pour les mélanges (23). Une pluralité d'hydrocyclones (7) sont maintenus de façon amovible par le bloc (13, 14) et la plaque (20), et peuvent être détachés de ces supports et retirés verticalement à travers ces derniers après déboulonnage d'une plaque supérieure (6). Des sorties à trop-plein situées dans la partie supérieure des hydrocyclones (7) mènent vers des passages (12) dans le bloc (13, 14) et ensuite vers une sortie pour les fractions plus légères (27). Une entrée pour les mélanges (26) pénètre dans l'enceinte en passant entre la plaque (20) et le bloc (13, 14), dont le rebord périphérique est situé à une certaine distance de la surface de la paroi interne de l'enceinte.
PCT/GB1991/000070 1990-01-17 1991-01-17 Appareil de separation Ceased WO1991010511A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9001036.4 1990-01-17
GB909001036A GB9001036D0 (en) 1990-01-17 1990-01-17 Separating apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991010511A1 true WO1991010511A1 (fr) 1991-07-25

Family

ID=10669429

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1991/000070 Ceased WO1991010511A1 (fr) 1990-01-17 1991-01-17 Appareil de separation

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB9001036D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991010511A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2400575A (en) * 2000-05-09 2004-10-20 Kgd Process Internat Ltd Supporting elements for a cyclone separator assembly

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB693650A (en) * 1950-03-09 1953-07-01 Stamicarbon Improvements in and relating to hydrocyclones
FR2380821A1 (fr) * 1977-02-17 1978-09-15 Scholten Honig Research Nv Multihydrocyclone radial
FR2456558A1 (fr) * 1979-04-23 1980-12-12 Doucet Charles Microseparateur pour suspension de particules solides dans une phase fluide
WO1989002312A1 (fr) * 1987-09-15 1989-03-23 Delawood Pty. Ltd. Transport de debordement d'hydrocyclone

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB693650A (en) * 1950-03-09 1953-07-01 Stamicarbon Improvements in and relating to hydrocyclones
FR2380821A1 (fr) * 1977-02-17 1978-09-15 Scholten Honig Research Nv Multihydrocyclone radial
FR2456558A1 (fr) * 1979-04-23 1980-12-12 Doucet Charles Microseparateur pour suspension de particules solides dans une phase fluide
WO1989002312A1 (fr) * 1987-09-15 1989-03-23 Delawood Pty. Ltd. Transport de debordement d'hydrocyclone

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2400575A (en) * 2000-05-09 2004-10-20 Kgd Process Internat Ltd Supporting elements for a cyclone separator assembly
GB2400575B (en) * 2000-05-09 2004-12-15 Kgd Process Internat Ltd Supporting elements for a cyclone separator assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9001036D0 (en) 1990-03-14

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