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WO1991010496A1 - Reacteur catalytique pour reactions en phase gazeuse - Google Patents

Reacteur catalytique pour reactions en phase gazeuse Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1991010496A1
WO1991010496A1 PCT/US1991/000432 US9100432W WO9110496A1 WO 1991010496 A1 WO1991010496 A1 WO 1991010496A1 US 9100432 W US9100432 W US 9100432W WO 9110496 A1 WO9110496 A1 WO 9110496A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
reactor
axis
catalyst particles
catalyst
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1991/000432
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Donald F. Szydlowski
Glenn W. Scheffler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
UTC Power Corp
Original Assignee
International Fuel Cells Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Fuel Cells Corp filed Critical International Fuel Cells Corp
Publication of WO1991010496A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991010496A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
    • C01B3/12—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/008—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction
    • B01J8/0085—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction promoting uninterrupted fluid flow, e.g. by filtering out particles in front of the catalyst layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to the art of chemical reactors, and more particularly to the art of catalytic chemical reactors for reforming a hydrocarbon fuel stream to provide a hydrogen fuel stream to a fuel cell.
  • a fuel cell is a device for converting the chemical energy of a fuel into electrical energy.
  • Fuel cell comprises an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte between the anode and cathode.
  • the anode and cathode each have catalyst layers disposed adjacent to the electrolyte.
  • a fuel stream is electrochemically oxidized at the anode catalyst layer to produce a stream of electrons and an oxidant stream is electrochemically reduced at the cathode catalyst layer.
  • the stream of electrons is conducted from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit.
  • a flow of ions through the electrolyte completes the circuit.
  • a hydrocarbon fuel stream is catalytically reformed to provide a hydrogen fuel stream for the fuel cell anode.
  • the fuel stream passes through a low temperature shift converter.
  • the converter contains a bed of copper catalyst particles. If fine copper catalyst particles become entrained in the gas stream and are transported to the fuel cell anode, poisoning of the anode catalyst may result.
  • a filter is included in the piping between the shift converter and the fuel cell to trap entrained catalyst particles and prevent transport of catalyst particles from the shift converter to the anode.
  • Figure I shows a longitudinal cross section of a catalytic reactor of the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows a transverse cross section of the catalytic reactor shown in Figure 1 along line 2-2
  • Figure 3 shows a transverse cross section across the reactor shown in Figure 1 along line 3-3.
  • a catalytic reactor for a gas phase chemical reaction includes a housing.
  • the housing extends along an axis from an enclosed first end to an enclosed second end and has a substantially continuous interior surface.
  • the first end of the housing defines an inlet opening for allowing introduction of a gaseous reaction stream to the housing and the second end defines an outlet opening for allowing a gaseous product stream to exit the housing.
  • a bed of catalyst particles is supported within the housing by porous support means.
  • the catalyst particles are catalytically active in the gas phase chemical reaction.
  • Filter means extend across the housing in a plane perpendicular to the axis and between the catalyst bed and the outlet opening for preventing transport of catalyst particles from the housing in the gaseous product stream.
  • the filter means provide a large filter surface area, is resistant to clogging and is therefore unlikely to impose a large pressure drop across the reactor.
  • a low temperature shift converter for processing a fuel stream for fuel cell anode is also disclosed as a preferred embodiment of the catalytic reactor described above.
  • the catalyst particles are catalytically active in the shift conversion reaction.
  • the filter means prevents transport of the catalyst particles from the housing to prevent poisoning of the fuel cell anode catalyst layer.
  • Figure 1 shows a catalytic reactor having a right circular cylindrical housing 2 extending along a vertical axis 4, and having an enclosed top end 6 and an enclosed bottom end 8.
  • the enclosed top end 6 defines an inlet opening 10 for allowing introduction of a gaseous reactant stream to the housing 2.
  • the enclosed bottom end 8 defines an outlet opening 12 for allowing a gaseous product stream to exit the housing 2.
  • a porous catalyst support plate 14 is disposed within the housing 2 and extends across housing 2 in a plane perpendicular to the axis 4 of the housing 2.
  • a bed of catalyst particles 16 is disposed within the housing 2 and supported on the porous catalyst support plate 14.
  • the composition and particle size of the catalyst particles are chosen according to conventional principles of catalytic reactor design.
  • the catalyst particles are catalytically active in the gas phase chemical reaction to be carried out in the reactor.
  • the catalyst particles may be copper catalyst particles.
  • the porous catalyst support plate 14 includes a plurality of openings for allowing gas flow though the plate. The openings are smaller in diameter than the lower limit of the range of the nominal particle size of the catalyst particles of bed 16.
  • the catalyst particles comprise copper supported on zinc oxide and have a nominal particle size range of about 3.0mm to about 6.0mm and the porous catalyst plate 14 includes a plurality of circular openings each having a diameter of about 2.25mm.
  • a fibrous filter pad 18 is disposed within the housing between the bed of catalyst particles 16 and the outlet opening 12 and extends across the housing 2 in a plane perpendicular to the axis 4 to prevent transport of catalyst particles 16 from the housing 2.
  • the pad 18 provides a filter area that is about equal to the cross sectional area of the reactor housing 2.
  • the filter pad 18 comprises a pad of woven fibers or a pad of nonwoven fibers.
  • the composition of the fibers is chosen based on the intended reaction conditions within the reactor. In general, ceramic fibers are preferred due to their chemical inertness and refractory properties. Suitable ceramic fibers include silica fibers, alumina fibers, aluminosilicate fibers and mixtures thereof.
  • the diameter of the fibers and the void volume ot the filter pad are chosen to provide a filter pad that traps particles having a particle size greater than a preselected minimum particle size.
  • the fibers have a fiber diameter between about 2 microns and 3 microns
  • the fibrous filter pad 18 has a void volume between about 92% and about 98% and the filter pad prevents transport of particles having a particle size greater than about 1.0 micron.
  • the orientation of the reactor of the present invention may be reversed so that the inlet opening is defined by the bottom end of the reactor and the outlet opening is defined by the top end of the reactor, the catalyst bed is supported by a catalyst support plate and the filter pad is disposed between the catalyst bed and the top end of the reactor.
  • a filter having a large surface area is able to trap a larger quantity of particulate debris without clogging than is a filter having a relatively small surface area.
  • the filter pad of the reactor of the present invention provides a large filter surface area relative to the cross sectional area of the reactor, is able to trap a relatively large guantity of particulate debris without clogging and is therefore unlikely to impose a large pressure drop across the reactor.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

Un réacteur catalytique pour réactions en phase gazeuse comprend un logement (2), une plaque poreuse (14) de support du catalyseur agencée à l'intérieur du logement (2), un lit de particules de catalyseur (16) agencé dans le logement (2) et un tampon fibreux de filtrage (18) qui traverse le logement (2) afin d'éviter la sortie de particules de catalyseur (16) du logement (2). Le tampon de filtrage (18) est résistant aux obstructions et crée une faible chute de pression à travers le réacteur.
PCT/US1991/000432 1990-01-18 1991-01-18 Reacteur catalytique pour reactions en phase gazeuse Ceased WO1991010496A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US46704690A 1990-01-18 1990-01-18
US467,046 1990-01-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991010496A1 true WO1991010496A1 (fr) 1991-07-25

Family

ID=23854131

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1991/000432 Ceased WO1991010496A1 (fr) 1990-01-18 1991-01-18 Reacteur catalytique pour reactions en phase gazeuse

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0511307A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP2835182B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991010496A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5463170A (en) * 1993-02-20 1995-10-31 Degussa Aktiengesellschaft Process for the degradation of highly toxic halogenated organic compounds contained in gases
EP1036757A1 (fr) * 1999-03-15 2000-09-20 Matsushita Electronics Corporation Générateur d'hydrogène
GB2406802A (en) * 2003-09-11 2005-04-13 Caldo Environmental Engineerin Reactor incorporating a filter system
WO2013133992A1 (fr) * 2012-03-05 2013-09-12 Basf Se Réacteur d'oxydation d'ammoniac avec élément filtre interne
WO2019020705A1 (fr) * 2017-07-27 2019-01-31 Haldor Topsøe A/S Réacteur catalytique comprenant un support de particules de catalyseur fibreux
CN110944740A (zh) * 2017-07-27 2020-03-31 托普索公司 包含纤维状催化剂颗粒载体的催化反应器
WO2021213747A1 (fr) 2020-04-20 2021-10-28 Haldor Topsøe A/S Réacteur pour un procédé catalytique

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2721788A (en) * 1950-08-25 1955-10-25 Gen Electric Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
US2965936A (en) * 1957-06-25 1960-12-27 Ben Venne Lab Inc Sterilizing apparatus employing gas
US3666405A (en) * 1966-04-16 1972-05-30 Siemens Ag Method of removing carbon dioxide from gaseous mixtures
US4288409A (en) * 1978-11-06 1981-09-08 Kernforschungsanlage Julich Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Tubular reactor for carrying out catalytic processes
US4859427A (en) * 1987-02-27 1989-08-22 Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Active metal bed

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2387026A (en) * 1942-01-02 1945-10-16 Phillips Petroleum Co Catalyst chamber
US3754870A (en) 1971-08-26 1973-08-28 Universal Oil Prod Co Method and means of catalytically converting fluids
US4376675A (en) * 1979-05-24 1983-03-15 Whatman Reeve Angel Limited Method of manufacturing an inorganic fiber filter tube and product
JPS59105275A (ja) * 1982-12-07 1984-06-18 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池発電システム
JPS60210504A (ja) * 1984-03-31 1985-10-23 Toshiba Corp 改質装置

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2721788A (en) * 1950-08-25 1955-10-25 Gen Electric Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
US2965936A (en) * 1957-06-25 1960-12-27 Ben Venne Lab Inc Sterilizing apparatus employing gas
US3666405A (en) * 1966-04-16 1972-05-30 Siemens Ag Method of removing carbon dioxide from gaseous mixtures
US4288409A (en) * 1978-11-06 1981-09-08 Kernforschungsanlage Julich Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Tubular reactor for carrying out catalytic processes
US4859427A (en) * 1987-02-27 1989-08-22 Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Active metal bed

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
G. HAWLEY "The Condensed Chemical Dictionary", published 05 October 1984, by Van Nostrand Reinhold Company (NY), see page 213. *
See also references of EP0511307A4 *

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5463170A (en) * 1993-02-20 1995-10-31 Degussa Aktiengesellschaft Process for the degradation of highly toxic halogenated organic compounds contained in gases
EP1036757A1 (fr) * 1999-03-15 2000-09-20 Matsushita Electronics Corporation Générateur d'hydrogène
US6733552B1 (en) 1999-03-15 2004-05-11 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Hydrogen generating apparatus
GB2406802A (en) * 2003-09-11 2005-04-13 Caldo Environmental Engineerin Reactor incorporating a filter system
WO2013133992A1 (fr) * 2012-03-05 2013-09-12 Basf Se Réacteur d'oxydation d'ammoniac avec élément filtre interne
KR20140138819A (ko) * 2012-03-05 2014-12-04 바스프 에스이 내부 필터 요소를 갖는 암모니아 산화 반응기
US9663366B2 (en) 2012-03-05 2017-05-30 Basf Se Ammonia oxidation reactor with internal filter element
RU2632685C2 (ru) * 2012-03-05 2017-10-09 Басф Се Реактор для окисления аммиака с внутренним фильтровальным элементом
KR102037702B1 (ko) * 2012-03-05 2019-10-29 바스프 에스이 내부 필터 요소를 갖는 암모니아 산화 반응기
WO2019020705A1 (fr) * 2017-07-27 2019-01-31 Haldor Topsøe A/S Réacteur catalytique comprenant un support de particules de catalyseur fibreux
CN110944740A (zh) * 2017-07-27 2020-03-31 托普索公司 包含纤维状催化剂颗粒载体的催化反应器
WO2021213747A1 (fr) 2020-04-20 2021-10-28 Haldor Topsøe A/S Réacteur pour un procédé catalytique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0511307A4 (en) 1993-01-07
JPH05504230A (ja) 1993-07-01
EP0511307A1 (fr) 1992-11-04
JP2835182B2 (ja) 1998-12-14

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