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WO1991005220A1 - Dispositif de mesure a reseau holographique acoustique, et materiel associe - Google Patents

Dispositif de mesure a reseau holographique acoustique, et materiel associe Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991005220A1
WO1991005220A1 PCT/US1990/005436 US9005436W WO9105220A1 WO 1991005220 A1 WO1991005220 A1 WO 1991005220A1 US 9005436 W US9005436 W US 9005436W WO 9105220 A1 WO9105220 A1 WO 9105220A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phase data
shape
acoustic waves
transmitter
transmitting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1990/005436
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English (en)
Inventor
Michael A. Reed
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCTS CORP
Original Assignee
ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCTS CORP
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCTS CORP filed Critical ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCTS CORP
Publication of WO1991005220A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991005220A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/04—Sorting according to size
    • B07C5/12—Sorting according to size characterised by the application to particular articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B07C5/122—Sorting according to size characterised by the application to particular articles, not otherwise provided for for bottles, ampoules, jars and other glassware
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • G01B17/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring contours or curvatures

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to an acoustic holographic array, and specifically to an acoustic device fo measuring the shape of an object.
  • Known systems for forming acoustic discriminator hologram patterns typically include an acoustic transmitter for transmitting acoustic waves at an object to be examined, and an acoustic receiver transducer for detecting acoustic signals from the transmitter which have passed by or through the object or have been defracted or reflected therefrom, th acoustic receiver transducer scanning over a desired area of the object.
  • a sampler takes substantially instantaneous samples of the amplitude of the signals received from the acoustic receiver transducer at predetermined time intervals.
  • Such systems are complicated in construction and require tha the acoustic receiver transducer repeatedly scan the object to be measured to produce useful data concerning the shape o the object.
  • Other systems for measuring the shape of an object include a light source which transmits light toward the object to be measured.
  • a photoelectric sensing unit is positioned behind the object and detects the shadow image of the object and the transition between and light and shadow caused by the boundary of the object.
  • the photoelectric sensing unit detects the amplitude of the light transmitted from the light source through the object and thus can be used to identify characteristics of the shape of the object.
  • such systems suffer from the disadvantage that the identified characteristics of the edges of the objects may be distorted due to the shape and composition of the objects. Thus, the accuracy of such systems is reduced.
  • the invention comprises a device and related method for measuring the shape of an object, the device including a plurality of transmitters for transmitting acoustic waves at the object, a plurality of receivers for receiving the acoustic waves reflected by the object, a total phase detector for measuring the total phase data of the received acoustic waves, a processor for calculating a value representing the shape of the object as function of the total phase data and means for comparing the value with predetermined reference values to identify the shape of the object.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a preferred embodiment of a measuring device embodying the teachings of the present invention
  • Fig. la is an isometric view of an acoustic radiation transmission pattern from the transmitting transducer illustrated in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 2 is a top view of the device illustrated in Fig. i;
  • Fig. 3a is a plot illustrating the output of the devic illustrated in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3b is a second plot illustrating an output of the device illustrated in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3c is a third plot illustrating another output of the device illustrated in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3d is a fourth plot illustrating another output of the device illustrated in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3e is a fifth plot illustrating another output of the device illustrated in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3f is a sixth plot illustrating another output of the device illustrated in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3g is a seventh plot illustrating another output of the device illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • the present invention utilizes holographic concepts with ultrasonic sound waves.
  • the concept is based on the reflection and scattering of sound waves from an object to be measured or imaged.
  • the total phase of the sound waves is calculated by measuring the time necessary for the front of sound waves to travel from a transmitter, reflect from the object and return to a receiver in whole wavelengths plus a fraction of one wavelength of the transmitted signal in the medium of propagation.
  • phase data hereafter refers to either the total phase or the fractional component of the total phase.
  • the amplitude and total phase of the scattered waves may be measured over a plane (for two-dimensional analysis) or a line (for one-dimensional analysis).
  • the resulting total phase and amplitude array is used to reconstruct the shape of the original object, subject only to sampling limitations on the phase data.
  • the basic spatial characteristics of the object to be measured are preserved when the array of phase data is calculated.
  • the use of only phase data reduces the amount of memory necessary to store amplitude data and further reduces the processing time necessary to process the phase data.
  • the subject invention processes the phase data to generate values unique to the shape of the object to be measured. As a result, the physical shape of the object is converted to a series of phase related values unique to that shape.
  • Fig. 1 is a side view of a system showing major components of a preferred embodiment of a measuring device embodying the teachings of the present invention.
  • the system comprises a transmitter/receiver array 20.
  • Array 20 includes a plurality of pairs of individual transmitters and corresponding receivers for transmitting acoustic waves to and receiving acoustic waves from the object to be measured, such as a container 40.
  • array 20 comprises seven pairs of vertically oriented fan beam ultrasonic transmitting transducers 21-27 and corresponding omnidirectional pressure sensitive broadband microphone receivers 31-37 arranged in a vertical array so that the acoustic waves transmitted from transmitters 21-27 overlap in the vertical direction.
  • Fig. la illustrates a preferred vertical radiation pattern 60 and a preferred horizontal radiation pattern 62.
  • the spacing between each of transmitters 21-27 and corresponding receivers 31-37 may be predetermined depending on the size of the object to be measured. For example, if container 40 is a common twelve ounce beverage container, transmitters 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and receivers 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 are preferably spaced approximately two inches apart.
  • Fig. 2 The system of the subject invention is further illustrated in Fig. 2.
  • an object to be measured such as a container 40
  • Transmitter 21 of transmitter/receiver array 20 transmits a high frequency ultrasonic signal toward container 40.
  • the signal has a frequency of approximately 50 kHz and a wavelength of approximately 0.27 inches.
  • the signal is reflected by container 40 and received by receivers 31-37 in array 20.
  • Each receiver 31-37 measures the phase of the reflected signal.
  • Receivers 31-37 therefore comprise phase detector means for measuring the signals reflected by container 40.
  • the signal from each of receivers 31-37 is passed to a signal processor (not shown) which processes the data and extracts the phase data of the received signal for each path of reflection from transmitter 21 to container 40 and back to each of receivers 31-37 and stores the phase data of each received signal which is unique to the shape of container 40 as compared to a reference shape.
  • the sequence of transmission by one transmitter, such as transmitter 21, and reception by each of the receivers 31-37 is repeated for each of transmitters 22- 27.
  • the resulting phase data forms a data array seven by seven in size generated by each pair of transmitters and receivers.
  • the diagonal of the data array represents the transmission reflection path from each transmitter 21-27 to its corresponding receiver 31-37, respectively.
  • the data array as a whole contains phase data unique to container 40 which may be processed by the signal processor to measure the shape of container 40.
  • the signal processor can perform a square root of the sum of the squares comparison of the differences in the phase data to generate values representing the shape of container 40, as compared to stored phase data, phase data of a reference shape, phase data of other containers in a test or phase data of a zero reference shape. Results of this processing are illustrated in Figs. 3a-3g.
  • Figs. 3a-3g illustrate a series of measurements that have been performed by a second preferred embodiment of the subjects invention which transmits acoustic waves having a frequency of 20 kHz and illustrate the accuracy of the device and method of the claimed invention.
  • the shapes of seven distinctly shaped containers 40 were measured individually using phase data generated by one transmitter and four receivers and compared with each other and a zero reference shape to identify each container.
  • the Y-axis represents square root of the sum of the squares of the difference between the phase data generated for each container 40 as compared to the phase data of each other container measured and the zero reference shape.
  • a value of 0.00 represents a perfect match between the shapes of the respective containers, while higher values represent increased distinctness between the shapes of the containers.
  • Fig. 3a compares the phase data of the seven beer bottles against a known reference shape, in this case the shape of a Tuborg bottle which is double underlined. As illustrated in Fig. 3a, the shape of the Tuborg bottle is readily identified, as illustrated by the minimum least squares value of almost 0. The other bottles, which differ in shape from the Tuborg bottle, all reflect values substantially higher than 0.
  • Figs. 3b-3g illustrate results similar to those illustrated in Fig. 3a.
  • the system of the subject invention accurately identifies the shape of one of the sample beer bottles as that of the reference bottle. Even when two of the bottles are substantially identical in shape, as in the case of the Becks beer bottle and the St. Pauli Girl beer bottle, the system of the subject invention differentiates between the shapes of the two bottles using phase data received from only four receivers. The results of the specific measurements of the shapes of these two bottles are illustrated in Figs. 3d and 3g.
  • the subject invention provides a simple, economical, and accurate way for measuring the shape of an unknown object.
  • Other embodiments of the invention such as using more or less than the preferred seven transmitter and receiver pairs or using unequal numbers of transmitters and receivers which may not be located together in pairs, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. Items intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices Characterised By Use Of Acoustic Means (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif acoustique et procédé associé destinés à mesurer la forme d'un objet. Le dispositif comprend une pluralité d'émetteurs servant à émettre des ondes acoustiques vers un objet devant être mesuré, ainsi qu'une pluralité de récepteurs servant à capter les ondes acoustiques réfléchies par l'objet. Un détecteur de phase mesure les données de pase des ondes acoustiques réfléchies, les données de phase étant traitées de manière à permettre le calcul d'une valeur qui représente une forme de l'objet comme fonction des données de phase. Ensuite, on compare cette valeur avec une valeur de référence connue afin de déterminer avec précision la forme de l'objet.
PCT/US1990/005436 1989-09-28 1990-09-28 Dispositif de mesure a reseau holographique acoustique, et materiel associe Ceased WO1991005220A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US41394189A 1989-09-28 1989-09-28
US413,941 1989-09-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991005220A1 true WO1991005220A1 (fr) 1991-04-18

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1990/005436 Ceased WO1991005220A1 (fr) 1989-09-28 1990-09-28 Dispositif de mesure a reseau holographique acoustique, et materiel associe

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5615778A (en) * 1991-07-29 1997-04-01 Rwe Entsorgung Aktiengesellschaft Process to sort waste mixtures

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4170142A (en) * 1977-07-15 1979-10-09 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Linear transducer array and method for both pulse-echo and holographic acoustic imaging
US4287769A (en) * 1978-06-01 1981-09-08 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Apparatus and method whereby wave energy is correlated with geometry of a manufactured part or the like or to positional relationships in a system
US4368641A (en) * 1981-01-30 1983-01-18 Powers Manufacturing, Inc. Out-of-round detector
WO1985000229A1 (fr) * 1983-06-27 1985-01-17 Cochlea Corporation Systeme de reconaissance d'un parametre geometrique d'objets inconnus a l'aide d'une energie acoustique a ondes continues
EP0160346A2 (fr) * 1984-05-03 1985-11-06 Motoren-Reparatiebedrijf Pinkster B.V. acting under the name of Heuft-Qualiplus Appareil pour détecter des contenants ayant une propriété déviante
EP0246711A2 (fr) * 1986-05-22 1987-11-25 Infa B.V. Dispositif pour reconnaître la forme et la dimension de bouteilles ou objets analogues

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4170142A (en) * 1977-07-15 1979-10-09 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Linear transducer array and method for both pulse-echo and holographic acoustic imaging
US4287769A (en) * 1978-06-01 1981-09-08 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Apparatus and method whereby wave energy is correlated with geometry of a manufactured part or the like or to positional relationships in a system
US4368641A (en) * 1981-01-30 1983-01-18 Powers Manufacturing, Inc. Out-of-round detector
WO1985000229A1 (fr) * 1983-06-27 1985-01-17 Cochlea Corporation Systeme de reconaissance d'un parametre geometrique d'objets inconnus a l'aide d'une energie acoustique a ondes continues
EP0160346A2 (fr) * 1984-05-03 1985-11-06 Motoren-Reparatiebedrijf Pinkster B.V. acting under the name of Heuft-Qualiplus Appareil pour détecter des contenants ayant une propriété déviante
EP0246711A2 (fr) * 1986-05-22 1987-11-25 Infa B.V. Dispositif pour reconnaître la forme et la dimension de bouteilles ou objets analogues

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5615778A (en) * 1991-07-29 1997-04-01 Rwe Entsorgung Aktiengesellschaft Process to sort waste mixtures

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