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WO1990006409A1 - Arcs de voute - Google Patents

Arcs de voute Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1990006409A1
WO1990006409A1 PCT/GB1988/001092 GB8801092W WO9006409A1 WO 1990006409 A1 WO1990006409 A1 WO 1990006409A1 GB 8801092 W GB8801092 W GB 8801092W WO 9006409 A1 WO9006409 A1 WO 9006409A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
connectors
segments
tensioning
structure according
strand
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB1988/001092
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ibrahim Madhi Al-Khattat
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to GB878714224A priority Critical patent/GB8714224D0/en
Priority to GB8814387A priority patent/GB2206365B/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to PCT/GB1988/001092 priority patent/WO1990006409A1/fr
Priority to EP19890900627 priority patent/EP0415927A1/fr
Publication of WO1990006409A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990006409A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B1/3205—Structures with a longitudinal horizontal axis, e.g. cylindrical or prismatic structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/38—Arched girders or portal frames
    • E04C3/40—Arched girders or portal frames of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B2001/3235—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures having a grid frame
    • E04B2001/3241—Frame connection details

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of design and construction of engineering structures, especially arch- shaped ones, which are made up of: (a) a series of segments, (b) a series of jointing members (connectors) adapted to engage, especially by slide-fitting, the ends of the segments, (c) at least one tensioning strand passing through the series of segments and connectors, and (d) means for anchoring and tensioning the strand in order to compress the segments and connectors together thereby configuring them into a stable structure.
  • the slide-fit contact forces between the connectors and ends of segments provide a self- support mechanism for an arched structure being assembled by successively mounting the segments and connectors, working from both ends towards the peak of the arch.
  • the completed structure is also self-supporting even before installing and tensioning the strands.
  • metal girder and truss structures are usually built up by bolting, welding, or riveting together of their primary members, producing heavy units that are costly to manufacture, transport and erect.
  • Timber truss structures are assembled by analogous methods, many of which are not convenient or reliable enough to ensure good load transfer between two jointed members.
  • Laminated timber arches and beams are also in use, but they are relatively expensive and also have most of the drawbacks of other conventional systems. Indeed, lack of satisfactory jointing methods is a major problem in the design and use of structural timber in general.
  • the jointing method usually imposes a limit on the types of usable structural materials and on achievable economies in the cost, time, effort, equipment, and skills needed to manuf cture, transport, and erect a load-bearing structure.
  • this invention provides a superior and cheaper alternative to current structural design, jointing, and erection methods in numerous cases.
  • Prestressing an established technology especially relevant to large span concrete structures, is applied to a structure made of a series of segments alternating with inter-segmental connectors, by tensioning at least one multi-wire strand passing through it.
  • this compressive stress regime furnishes a permanent jointing technique (by pressure adhesion) that can simplify not only the assembly of the structure but also the dismantling process if the need arises .
  • prestressed concrete design and practice can be used, with discretion, in conjunction with the method of this invention.
  • the necessary prestressing force to hold the structure stiffly together and to support safely any external loads it is intended to carry can be calculated.
  • One or more multi- wire strands or single wires may be used, with profiles defined in the design process.
  • An extra merit of the method of the invention over prestressed concrete applications is the relatively small magnitudes of prestressing forces required, due to the lighter dead weights of the structures involved.
  • this invention also provides a short-term jointing method during assembly that employs slide-fit connector-segment contact forces as will be later explained through an example.
  • SRT small-diameter round timber logs
  • a scrap material Unlike sawn timber, the axisymmetric fibrous growth ring structure is intact and gives SRT members relative strength and better performance predictability.
  • a particularly important application of SRT through this invention is in the construction of arch- shaped portals and other structural units as used in building and bridge construction. SRT segment members act as struts rather than beams exposed to bending and, consequently, to sagging.
  • the segments can be of many materials , shapes and forms.
  • segment members may be straight or curved.
  • a segment may consist of a single hollow section housing the tensioning strands.
  • the ends of a segment may be so formed as to engage, especially by slide-fitting, the adjacent segments directly, achieving the desired profile of the structure, and providing passage for the prestressing strands.
  • This arrangement eliminates the need for independent connectors but still provides the slide-fit contact necessary for self- support of arched structures during and after assembly.
  • the segment members may slide-fit and/or be otherwise fixed or bonded to a single connector.
  • twin connectors may be used which fit back-to-back and are keyed- in together to ensure good load transfer across segments ends. This arrangement is useful where the structure needs to be dismantled and relocated as complete segments, several times during its useful life, or if minimum assembly work on site is preferred.
  • the connectors act as a means of joining adjacent segments and any other members that need to be attached to the unit frame, of producing the desired profile, and of supporting the tensioning strand(s).
  • a structure made according to the method of this invention may additionally be in the form of a straight beam or column, a closed curve or polygon, in two- or three- dimensional forms.
  • An example of the latter forms is a dome structure.
  • the described frame constitutes a structural unit of a large-span rectangular building, e.g a swimming pool, a warehouse, or a large domestic garage/workshop.
  • Figure 1 is a side elevation of a frame unit 11, approximating the semi-circular arch profile indicated by a dashed line.
  • a segment comprises four parallel straight timber log (SRT) members 1 arranged in a rectangular open section with ends slide—fitting into connectors 2.
  • Cross beams which carry the roof and wall cladding 4 fit into housings 3 attached to the connectors 2.
  • These housings are optional pieces which are in this case welded to the connectors 2 to provide a rigid end fixing for purlins .
  • the SRT logs are also used as purlins to emphasize the usefulness of SRT as a structural " material, and also for simplicity.
  • the connectors are, in this case, single units made from mild steel, and consist of a suitably stiffened central diaphragm (in this case a simple plate) to which short lengths of pipe are welded on either side in the required numbers, spacings, and inclinations in order to house the ends of segment members.
  • FIG 1 there are two types of connectors: straight and angular, according to the profile angles they produce.
  • angular connectors short curved pipes are welded to the diaphragm as one form of providing a smoothly curved passage for the high-tensile steel tensioning strand 5.
  • a filler material e.g. sand-cement grout
  • Figure -2 is a perspective sketch of an angular connector indicating the strand's passage 10.
  • the single 7-wire high-tensile steel strand used here is anchored at both base-connectors 6 of the arch which are suitably stiffened to take the anchorage loads. Any suitable prestressing and measurement techniques may be used to impart the tensioning force to strand 5 and to measure this force respectively.
  • Figure 3 depicts an example of a simple mechanical method by which the tensioning force may be applied and/or later adjusted.
  • Tightening bolts 8 which surround the strand 5 and pass through base-connectors 6 pushes down the strand grip assembly 9, thus increasing the tension in the strand 5.
  • Standard pretensioning grips are used.
  • Figure 4 is cross—section A-A indicated in Figure 1, displaying the structurally efficient rectangular open- section arrangement of the segment members, providing easy access to the tensioning strand.
  • the compressed segment members naturally tend to increase in diameter slightly, enhancing the slip-fit contact and hence the bearing of SRT log ends against the connectors' pipe sockets.
  • each frame may be assembled on the ground, prestressed, and lifted into position.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic general arrangement diagram of the load carrying skeleton of the building, comprising the frames 11 described in Figure 1 and the cross beams (purlins) 12.
  • the skeleton is tied down to tops of columns or walls above ground, thus forming only the roof support rather than the complete structural frame of the building.
  • the usual structural engineering provisions have to be made, e.g. counteracting the spreading thrust of the portals under load, and providing lateral bracing.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'élaboration et de construction consistant à assembler facilement diverses structures d'art à partir d'une série de segments (1) alternant avec des unités de raccordement (2). Notamment pour des structures en forme d'arc de voûte, des éléments de segments s'adaptant par glissement aux raccordements (2) constituent, par l'intermédiaire de forces de contact, un mécanisme auto-porteur pendant et après le processus de construction. Par tensionnage d'au moins un câble (5) passant dans la structure, cette dernière est maintenue fermement par compression. Outre le fait que le tensionnage assure à la structure une capacité de port de charge par neutralisation des contraintes de traction de pliage interne, ledit tensionnage du câble constitue, par l'intermédiaire des raccordements (2), un mécanisme de jointure efficace entre les segments simplifiant l'assemblage et le désassemblage de la structure. Comme la compression, plutôt que la flexion, est le mode principal de charge interne d'éléments segmentaires, les matériaux qui autrement sont inadéquats tels que des solives en bois de faible diamètre deviennent des matériaux structurels utiles.
PCT/GB1988/001092 1987-06-17 1988-12-08 Arcs de voute Ceased WO1990006409A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB878714224A GB8714224D0 (en) 1987-06-17 1987-06-17 Arches
GB8814387A GB2206365B (en) 1987-06-17 1988-06-16 Arches
PCT/GB1988/001092 WO1990006409A1 (fr) 1987-06-17 1988-12-08 Arcs de voute
EP19890900627 EP0415927A1 (fr) 1987-06-17 1988-12-08 Construction à précontrainte postérieure

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB878714224A GB8714224D0 (en) 1987-06-17 1987-06-17 Arches
PCT/GB1988/001092 WO1990006409A1 (fr) 1987-06-17 1988-12-08 Arcs de voute

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1990006409A1 true WO1990006409A1 (fr) 1990-06-14

Family

ID=42124689

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1988/001092 Ceased WO1990006409A1 (fr) 1987-06-17 1988-12-08 Arcs de voute

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0415927A1 (fr)
GB (2) GB8714224D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1990006409A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016118739A1 (de) * 2016-10-04 2018-04-05 Vaude Gmbh & Co. Kg Zelt mit Tragwerk und Zeltdach

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR495089A (fr) * 1918-01-25 1919-09-27 Gastone Pesce Perfectionnements dans les systèmes de construction à éléments à treillis démontables et interchangeables pour toitures légères
FR992918A (fr) * 1944-09-29 1951-10-24 Anciens Etablissements Sarrade Système de barres articulées plus spécialement applicable à la réalisation de charpentes démontables
US3857213A (en) * 1969-10-31 1974-12-31 M Miyake Simplified construction
GB1577922A (en) * 1977-04-21 1980-10-29 Leighton D F Portable building structure
FR2570404A1 (fr) * 1984-09-18 1986-03-21 Targetti Sankey Spa Assemblage d'elements de type treteau pour agencements de plein air
GB2167781A (en) * 1984-11-29 1986-06-04 Trindade Americo Ambrosio H Da A stable structure consisting of tubular components and post-tensioned cables or other tensory elements

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1109765A (en) * 1966-03-08 1968-04-18 Willing Lumi Neon Ltd Improvements in gantries for spanning roads or railways
GB1127489A (en) * 1966-09-20 1968-09-18 Kenneth Donald Burbridge Improvements in and relating to frames for buildings and like purposes

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR495089A (fr) * 1918-01-25 1919-09-27 Gastone Pesce Perfectionnements dans les systèmes de construction à éléments à treillis démontables et interchangeables pour toitures légères
FR992918A (fr) * 1944-09-29 1951-10-24 Anciens Etablissements Sarrade Système de barres articulées plus spécialement applicable à la réalisation de charpentes démontables
US3857213A (en) * 1969-10-31 1974-12-31 M Miyake Simplified construction
GB1577922A (en) * 1977-04-21 1980-10-29 Leighton D F Portable building structure
FR2570404A1 (fr) * 1984-09-18 1986-03-21 Targetti Sankey Spa Assemblage d'elements de type treteau pour agencements de plein air
GB2167781A (en) * 1984-11-29 1986-06-04 Trindade Americo Ambrosio H Da A stable structure consisting of tubular components and post-tensioned cables or other tensory elements

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016118739A1 (de) * 2016-10-04 2018-04-05 Vaude Gmbh & Co. Kg Zelt mit Tragwerk und Zeltdach

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2206365B (en) 1991-08-21
GB2206365A (en) 1989-01-05
EP0415927A1 (fr) 1991-03-13
GB8814387D0 (en) 1988-07-20
GB8714224D0 (en) 1987-07-22

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