WO1990001084A1

WO1990001084A1 - Composition and method of use thereof for treating plastic articles

Info

Publication number: WO1990001084A1
Application number: PCT/US1988/002555
Authority: WO
Inventors: Robert B. Wilson
Original assignee: Wilson Robert B
Priority date: 1988-07-27
Filing date: 1988-07-27
Publication date: 1990-02-08

Abstract

A waterless treating composition for apparel and other articles, made from plastic materials, comprises a hot liquid vehicle of least one high boiling ester, derived from one or more monohydric alcohols and one or more monocarboxylic acids; from a glycol or polyol and one or more monocarboxylic acids; or from a dicarboxylic acid or polycarboxylic acid and one or more monohydric alcohols; provided that the composition boils above about 250°C at 760 mm, the high-boiling ester or esters are of at least 18 carbon atoms and the vehicle is at a temperature between about 100°C and the boiling point of the composition. The compositions can be used to affect heat history of the articles, to improve dimensional stability of the articles and to apply antistatic, ultraviolet absorbing/stabilizing or fireproofing agents to the articles.

Description

DESCRIPTION

COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF FOR TREATING PLASTIC ARTICLES

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This Application is a continuation-in-part of Wilson, Serial No. 06/849,210, filed April 7, 1986, and a continuation-in-part of Wilson, Serial No. 06/889,690, filed July 25, 1986, which is a continuation-in-part of Serial No. 06/769,612, filed August 26, 1985, now U.S. Patent 4,602,916; which is a continuation-in-part of Wilson, Serial No. 06/702,316, filed February 15, 1985, now U.S. Patent 4,608,056, which is a continuation-in-part of Wilson, Application Serial No. 06/584,144, filed February 27, 1984, now abandoned. This Application is related to Wilson, Serial No. 06/669,353, filed November 8, 1984, now U.S. Patent 4,609,375; which is a continuation-in-part of Serial No. 06/574,952, filed January 30, 1984, now abandon¬ ed; which is a continuation of Serial No. 06/440,611, filed November 10, 1982, now abandoned; and to Serial No. 06/669,355, filed November 8, 1984, now U.S. Patent 4,661,117; which is a continuation-in-part of Serial No. 06/574,953, filed January 30, 1984, now abandoned; which is a continuation of Serial No. 06/440,567, filed November 10, 1982, now abandoned. This Application is also related to Wilson, Serial No. 06/669,354, filed November 8, 1984, now U.S. Patent 4,581,035.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to waterless compositions, particularly adapted for immersion treating and surface modification of plastic articles, whether intended for apparel or general utility applications.

BACKGROUND ART A continuous process for waterless dyeing of textile and plastic materials has been proposed by Hermes in U.S. Patents 4,047,889 and 4,055,971. The vehicle disclosed is a high boiling glycol or glycol ether. Wilson, in U.S. Patent 4,529,405, herein incorporated by reference, has proposed a waterless dyeing composition comprising a bister ephthalate ester of an alkylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol and an organic colorant.

The use of ethoxylated materials for coloring of objects has been disclosed by Lenz et aL (U.S. Patent 3,362,779) and Kressner et aL (4,332,587).

Hermes, in U.S. Patent 3,530,214, has recited treating textile materials to set their shape uniformly by immersion in a liquid treating bath in an unstretched condition.

Sears et aL (U.S. Patent 4,459,704) have provided a method for forming cloth into three-dimensional shapes by tentering the cloth over a preformed shell and heating the shell into the shape of a final product on a mold.

Hinton, Jr. et aL, in U.S. Patent 3,824,125, have proposed the use of higher trialkyl trimellitates in laundry compostions to improve soil release properties of synthetic fibers, such as polyesters. c Compositions containing esterified derivatives of a hydrogenated Diels-Alder adduct of linoleic acid and acrylic acid, intended for use in various textile-treating compositions, have been disclosed by Wilson, in U.S. Patents 4,293,305, 4,394,126 and 4,426,279, incorporated herein by reference. It will be understood that the spin finishing, texturizing and related fiber treatment processes recited therein are 0 specifically excluded from the appended claims.

Although a variety of solvent systems have been suggested for dyeing of articles in waterless systems, none presently available provides rapid, failure-free dyeings, which are done without producing obnoxious effluents or otherwise being unacceptable from a commercial viewpoint. 5 It is an object of this invention to provide a composition for waterless immersion treatment or coloring of plastic articles, produced by the apparel and other industries. Such articles include, but are not limited to buttons, zippers, garments, carpeting, ribbons, draperies, shoe strings, sewing thread, lace, socks, plastic tubing and pipe, plastic coated wire, ropes, polyester and polyamide films, 0 toys, and housings for pencils, pens, kitchen utensils and telephones.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a method for rapid waterless treatment and coloring of such articles.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, this invention relates to a waterless composition for treating 35 articles, made from plastic, comprising a hot liquid vehicle of at least one high- boiling ester at a temperature from about 100° C to the boiling point of the composition. The vehicle comprises at least one high-boiling ester derived from a monohydric alcohol and one or more monocarboxylic acids; from a monocarboxylic acid and one or more monohydric alcohols; from a glycol or polyol and one or more 5 monocarboxylic acids; or from a dicarboxylic or polycarboxylic acid and one or more monohydric alcohols. Accordingly, the vehicles of this invention can include mixtures of esters. However, the waterless compositions of this invention will contain at least one high-boiling ester other than a bisterephthalate of an alkylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol, as defined by Wilson '405, supra. Compositions

10 intended for heat treatment of fibers will contain at least one high-boiling ester, other than the esters recited in Wilson '305, '297 and '126, supra.

In a further aspect, this invention relates to a process for altering the characteristics of articles, made from plastics, by treating the articles at temperatures from 100° C to the temperature at which the plastic degrades, with a χ t> composition containing an antistatic, ultraviolet stabilizing/absorbing or flame retardant adjuvant, for a time sufficient to impart to the article being treated antistatic, flame retardant or ultraviolet sta ilizing /absorbing properties.

This invention further relates to a process for decolorizing ester-based dye vehicles by contacting hot vehicle, containing organic colorant, with activated

20 carbon at an elevated temperature.

Glycols and polyols include those of 2-10 carbon atoms, or more, including sugar alcohols and condensed sugar alcohols. Aromatic alcohols are included. Representative embodiments, as disclosed below, include but are not limited to, esters from alkylene glycols, including ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and 5 butylene oxide oligomers, polymers and copolymers. Other polyols inlcude glycer- ol, trimethylolpropane and hexanehexols.

Dicarboxylic aids include aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic acids, for example, adipie acid, benzenetetracarboxylic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, ellitic acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acids, and .substituted cyclohexanedicar- 0 boxylic acids, including dimer acids obtained by condensation of linoleic acid.

Tricarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids include aliphatic acids, e.g., butanetricarboxylic acid; cycloaliphatic tricarboxylic acids, e.g., trimer acid from the condensation of linoleic acid; and aromatic tricarboxylic and polycarboxylic acids, as recited below. -_+- Monocarboxylic acids, from which the vehicles of this invention can be derived, include those of 8 or more carbon atoms. Generally, acids of up to 30 carbon atoms can be used for making esters for the vehicle. Monohydric alcohols will generally be of 8-30 carbon atoms. The monocarboxylic acids and alcohols can be substituted or unsubstituted and can be of straight-chain or branched-chain structure. Monohydric alcohols include polyoxyalkylated alkanols and phenols.

It will be understood that the hydroxyl and carboxyl functions of the acids or alcohols, from which the ester vehicles are derived, will be essentially completely esterified. . That is, the vehicles will contain essentially no free hydroxyl or carboxyl groups.

The ester vehicles are high-boiling materials, preferably boiling above about 250° C, most preferably boiling above about 300° C at 760 mm. Vehicles preferred for use in the practice of this invention are therefore those of which the constituent ester or esters boils above about 300° C at 760 mm or at eorresponding- ly lower temperatures at reduced pressures.

The esters comprising the vehicle will preferably contain at least 18 carbon atoms, more preferably at least 24 carbon atoms, e.g., glyceryl tridecanoate, tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate, lauryl laurate, stearyl benzoate, phenyl stearate, ethylene didodecanoate or bis(2-ethylhexyl)cycloaliphatic diester, as defined below. In a specific aspect, this invention relates to a vehicle for waterless dip dyeing of thermoplastic articles, comprising an aliphatic polyester of a higher alkanoic acid and a polyol, of the formula (ACOO)„ _ _βB, wherein A is alkyl of 8 -22 carbon atoms and B is the residue of a polyhydric alcohol, other than glyeerol-, of 2 - 6 hydroxyl groups. The compositions also comprise glyceryl esters of acids having 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 or 21 carbon atoms. The compositions can comprise an aromatic polyester of the formula C_gH . COOR.) , wherein z is 3, 4, 5 or 6; z' is 6 - z; and R, is substituted or unsubstituted higher alkyl or an alkylphenol ether of an alkoxyalkanol and/or a diester of a hydrogenated Diels-Alder adduct of linoleic and acrylic acids. When used as a dye bath for the coloring of thermoplastic articles, the vehicle will also contain sufficient amounts of an organic colorant to permit coloring of the thermoplastic articles being dyed. If heat treatment, without coloration of the treated article is desired, the compositions will contain little or no organic colorant. In another aspect, this invention relates to a process for waterless coloring of articles, fabricated from a thermoplastic composition, comprising exposing an article to the foregoing compositions, containing an organic colorant, maintained at a temperature between 100° C and the temperature at which the plastic degrades, for a time adequate to achieve the desired degree of coloration.

Compositions containing little or no organic colorant can be used under similar conditions to treat an article, made from plastic. For example, the heat history of an article can be corrected. This treatment increases the dimensional stability or strength of the article, particularly webs or films. Dyeing and heat treatment of polyethylene terephthalate might be accomplished simultaneously to provide films of increased strength and stability.

The vehicles can include aliphatic polyesters of the formula (ACOO) B , wherein A is alkyl of 8 - 22 carbon atoms and B is the residue of a polyhydric alcohol, other than glycerol, of 2 - 6 hydroxyl groups. The higher alkanoic acid can be selected from acids of even or odd numbers of carbon atoms, including substituted, unsubstituted, saturated, unsaturated, branched and linear acids. Representative of acids within this class are pelargonic, decanoic, undecanoic, palmitic, myristic, oleic, stearic, linolenic and linoleic acids. The acids may be pure compounds or may be mixture of compounds, e.g., acids derived by hydrolyz- ihg naturally-occurring fats and oils, including palm oil, corn oil, lard and the like. The aliphatic polyesters can be made in the same fashion as the aromatic polyesters, described below.

Polyols of 2 - 6 hydroxyl groups include, but are not limited to ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, tri- ethylolpropane, erythritol, pentaerythritol, mannitol, dulcitol, sorbitol and other isomeric hexanehexols.

Preferred aliphatic polyesters are those derived from pentaerythritol, partic¬ ularly pentaerythritol esters of acids having 9 - 21 carbon atoms, more particularly those of 9 - 13 carbon atoms. Pentaerythritol tetrapelargonate, trimethylolpropane tripelargonate and triethyleneglycol dipelargonate are most preferred.

The vehicles can further include triglycerides, as recited in U.S. Patent 4,581,035, herein incorporated by reference.

The vehicles can also contain aromatic polyesters formed by reaction between a polybasic aromatic acid of the benzene series and a higher alkanol, so as to accomplish complete esterification of all carboxyl functions therein. "Higher alkanol" means a substituted or unsubstituted alkanol of at least six carbon atoms, for example, hexanol, octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, isodecanol, decanol, hexadecanol, octadecanol, docosanol, oleyl alcohol, linoleyl alcohol or the like. Also included among "higher alkanols" for the purposes of this invention are alkylphenol ethers of alkoxyalkanols, having the formula

^Ca^H2a ₊ r^C6^H4-°(^Cx^H2x°)b^Cx^H2x^OH' wherein a is 1 - 12; b is 1 - 24 and x is 2 or 3, optionally including blocks of ethyleneoxy and propyleneoxy units.

The esters can be made by reaction between, for example, trimellitic acid, and the selected alkanol, conveniently in a fashion so as to remove or entrain by¬ product water. Alternatively, the aromatic polyesters can be prepared by trans- ester if ication between a lower ester, e.g. trimethyl trimeUitate and the higher alkanoL In such a reaction, the lower boiling alcohol will normally be removed from the reaction site by distillation. Contemplated among aromatic polyesters are esters of benzene tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexacarboxylic acids, wherein R is as above. Accordingly, esters of prehnitic, mellophanic, pyromellitic, trimesic, trimellitic and hemimellitic acids are included, as well as esters of benzenepentacarboxylic acid and mellitic acid.

Although triesters of any of the benzenetricarboxylic acids can be used, it is preferred to use triesters of 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid, also known as trimellitic acid. Preferred esters are tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimeUitate, trisisodeeyl trimeUitate, trisisooetyl trimeUitate, tridecyl trimeUitate, and trihexadeeyl tri¬ meUitate. It wiU be understood that mixed esters, such as hexyl, oetyl, decyl trimeUitate can also be used. Most preferred is tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimeUitate (CAS No. 3319-31-1), also known as trioctyl trimeUitate, which can be purchased τ> from Eastman Chemical Products, Inc., Kingsport, Tennessee, as Kodaflex TOTM.

The aliphatic polyesters or other esters can also be admixed with one or more cycloaliphatic diesters of the formula

COOR wherein R is substituted or unsubstituted straight or branched chain alkyl of 4-20 carbon atoms, polyoxyalkylene of the formula HO(C H O) C H - or phosphated polyoxyalkylene of the formula (^H0)₂P(=0)O(C H₂ O)_nC H₂ ^{or a salt thereof} _> wherein (C_χH_2χO)_n is (CH₂CH₂0)_n, n is 2-22

and the sum of p + q is n. Other cycloaliphatic diester compounds which can be used are those wherein R is ArCOO(CH₂CH₂0)_nCH-,CH₂-, ArCOO(C₃HgO)_nC₃Hg-,

ArCOO(C₂H₄0) (C₃HgO) C₃H₆- or ArCOO(C₃HgO) (C.,^0) ^-, wherein n, p and q are as above and Ar is substituted or unsubstituted mono- or bicyclic aryl of up to 15 carbon atoms. The compositions of this invention can contain at least 5% by weight of one or more of these cycloaliphatic diesters. It is preferred that the compositions contain a maximum of 95% by weight of the cycloaliphatic diester.

The dibasic cycloaliphatic acid employed in making the compositions of this invention is a Diels-Alder adduct of acrylic acid and linoleic acid and can be prepared as described by Ward in U. S. Patent 3,753,968. The diacid has the formula

COOH and therefore is a mixture of (5 and 6)-carboxy-4-hexyl-2-cyclohexene-l-octanoic acids. The diacid is available commercially from Westvaco, designated as "Diacid 1550".

Preparation of adducts from conjugated octadecadienoic acid and unsaturated acids and/or their hydrogenation has also been described by Teeter et al, <J. Org. Chern., voL 22 (1957) at 512-514, Ward in U. S. Patent 3,899,476 and Ward et al in U. S. Patent 3,981,682. The preparation of esters from the C„, diacid adduct was reported by Ward et al, J. Amer. Oil Chemists' Soc, voL 57 (1957) at 219-224. Ethoxylated esters containing 4 - 119 ethylene oxide units are said to be effective lime soap dispersants. The alkyl esters are reported as being useful in lubricant applications, including use as textile lubricants and plasticizers for PVC. The diacid can be esterified with alcohols using, for example, acidic catalysts such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid or sulfuric acid. During the esterification, the reaction mixture is preferably also treated with a decolorizing agent, e.g., carbon or clay.

The diacid is reduced foUowing esterification to a saturated compound. A nickel catalyst such as Raney Nickel, nickel on kieselguhr or nickel on alumina can be used. The required amount varies up to 5 - 10% by weight of the ester.

Hydrogenation is carried out after esterification to prevent nickel from complexing with the free acid. Other catalysts, e.g., platinum or rhodium, avoid this problem, but are prohibitive in cost. The catalyst can be removed by filtration through a plate and frame filter press. The product is the resulting filtrate. Polyoxyalkylene diesters are prepared by reaction of the diacid, in the presence of an alkaline catalyst, with ethylene or propylene oxide. Reaction will occur at both acid sites. Addition of ethylene oxide is aUowed to continue until the product becomes at least dispersible or, preferably, soluble in water. This will correspond to addition of a total of 5 - 25 ethylene oxide units. The product obtained using ethylene oxide has a structure before hydrogenation represented by the formula:

HO-(CH₂CH₂0) OC x + y = 5 - 25

The phosphorylated product is readily obtained by reaction with phosphorus pentoxide. The saturated diester can be obtained by nickel-catalyzed hydro¬ genation.

In the case of the phosphorylated derivative, hydrogenation should precede phosphorylation. The phosphorylated derivatives can be converted to salts thereof by reaction with a metal hydroxide. Sodium and potassium salts are preferred. Compounds in which R is ArCOO(CH₂CH₂0)_nCH₂CH₂- etc. are obtained by treating polyoxyalkylene intermediates with an aromatic acid, e.g., benzoic, toluic or mellitic acid, usually with an acidic catalyst. Hydrogenation of the double bond in the cycloaliphatic ring can be done before or after esterification with the aromatic acid. Representative of substituted alkyl R which may be used in the products of this invention are butoxybutyl, 10-hydroxystearyl, 10-hydroxydecyl, 10-halostearyl, omega-alkanoyloxyalkyl or the like.

Preferred cycloaliphatic diesters for use in accordance with the principles of the invention are those wherein: (a) R is straight or branched chain alkyl of 4 - 20 carbon atoms,

(b) R is 2-ethylhexyl, lauryl or stearyl,

(c) R is HO(CH₂CH₂O)_nCH₂CH₂-,

(d) R is HO(C₃HgO)_nC₃H₆-,

(e) R is HO(C₂H₄O)_p(C₃H₆O)_qC₃H₆-, (f) R i_s (HO)₂P=0(OCH₂CH₂)_nOCH₂CH₂- or a salt thereof,

(g) R is CgH₅CO(OC₂H₄)_nOC₂H₄-, (h) R is CH₃CgH₄CO(OC₂H₄)_nOC₂H₄- (i) R is CgH₅CO(OC₃Hg)_nOC₃H_β-, and

(j) R is CH₃C₆H₄CO(OC₃Hg)_nOC₃Hg-.

The types of plastic materials which can be colored or modified using the compositions and method of this invention include, but are not limited to, thermoplastic and thermosetting polyesters, polycarbonates, polyamides, polyur¬ ethanes, acrylics, halogenated polyolefins and epoxy plastics. However, textile-and apparel-related articles are commonly made from polyesters, polyamides, poly¬ urethanes and acryUcs, which substrates are preferred for the practice of this invention. Pipe and tubing are commonly made from chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) or post-chlorinated PVC (PCPVC).

Polyester articles include those made from poly(alkylene terephthalates), such as poly(ethylene terephthalate), or polyesters made from cyclohexanedi- methanol. Typical of polyester articles are presewn garments, including slacks, jeans, dresses, shirts, scarves and the like. Also included within the scope of polyester articles are buttons, draperies, laces, seatbelts, ribbons, zippers and other notions, as weU as chips of polyester resins, polyester coatings on wire or metal, polyester articles (including those made from styreneated polyesters), polyester film, toys, components of automobiles and airplanes and housings for pencils, pens or household articles. Polycarbonates are a type of polyester, that is, a polymer containing repeating -O-CO-0 groups in the main chain. The most significant polycarbonates of commerce are those derived from 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylalkanes. The preferred polymer for treatment in accordance with the teachings of this invention is derived from 2,2-bis(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propane. In addition to treatment of polycarbonate films and sheets to improve dimensional stability and strength of films and extrusions, it is preferred to color polycarbonate articles, using compositions of this invention containing an organic colorant. A particularly preferred utility for colored polycarbonate films or sheets is in window glazing, for example, poly¬ carbonate sheets tinted "neutral gray." Polycarbonate sheets are used as solar control windows in motor vehicles and in home and office construction. Poly¬ carbonate film can also be used for food packaging. It will be understood that the distinction between sheets and films is essentiaUy based on thickness and that the treatments set forth herein are equaUy applicable to sheets, films and other articles. Polya ides particularly contemplated as substrates in the practice of this invention include those known as nylons 6; 6,6 or 6,10. Articles which can be colored in accordance with the invention include the same types of articles as for polyesters, as weU as lingerie and hosiery. It is common, for example, to employ polyamide teeth in zipper constructions. Polyamides are often used for carpeting and ropes.

AcryUc plastics, contemplated within the scope of this invention include straight acrylics, such as polyaerylonitrile, and modacrylics. The latter are copolymers of acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile, generaUy with vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride. Articles made from acrylics include clothing, carpeting and notions.

Also included among acrylics are high impact resins, whether comprising blends or graft copolymers. These are commonly identified as ABS resins. Articles made therefrom include chips, coatings for wire and metal, telephone housings, toys, impact-resistant moldings for automobiles and airplanes, and housings for pencils, pens and kitchen utensils.

Acrylic plastics also include opticaUy clear sheets, such as those based on methyl methacrylate monomer.

Polyurethanes include a myriad of compositions, made by reaction, for example, between glycols and organic di- or polyisocyanates. Among the glycols, used to make polyurethanes, are simple glycols, such as the alkylene glycols, and polymeric glycols, including polyether and polyester glycols. Articles containing polyurethane, include rain wear, artificial leather, toys, and moldings and extrus¬ ions for automobiles and airplanes. Any of these articles can be colored and/or treated by the teachings of the instant invention.

Epoxy resins include polymers in which cross-linking is brought about by an epoxy function, such as that in bisphenol A diglycidyl ether or other glycidyl ethers. The epoxy function reacts with materials containing a reactive group, for example amines, such as triethylenetetramine, and acid anhydrides, e.g. maleic anhydride and substituted maleic anhydrides. Most commercially available epoxy resins are based on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether. Epoxy resins are used in coatings and for encapsulating electrical components.

In some instances, the foregoing types of plastics can be blended with natural or synthetic cellulosic materials and colored according to this invention. "Organic colorant," as used in the specification and claims, includes both dyes and pigments of any structure. NormaUy, the dyes or pigments which are employed need not be soluble in water. Therefore, such dyes and pigments wiU not usually contain water-solubilizing functions, such as a plurality of sulfonic acid groups.

The dyes/pigments used in the practice of this invention generaUy wiU be chosen from among water-insoluble dyes, which may also be known as disperse dyes. - Included within this class of dyes, which can be used on fibers such as cellulose acetate, polyamides or polyesters, from any kind of dyeing medium are colors of azo, azomethine, nitroarene and anthraquinone structures. It will be understood that the dyes useful in the practice of the present invention are not limited to these classes of compounds. The dyes or pigments used in the practice of this invention may be identified by their chemical names, for example: 4 3-nιtro-N -phenylsulfanilanilide, a yeUow dye; p-[p-(phenylazo)phenylazo] - phenol, a red-yeUow dye; ethyl 4-hydroxy-l-anthraquinoneearbamate (an orange dye); l-amino-4-hydroxyanthraquinone, a red dye; l-amino-2-bromo-4-hydroxy- anthraquinone, a red-blue dye or 4,5-diaminochrysazin, a blue dye.

The dyes alternatively may be identified in accordance with standard chemical handbooks, such as "The Color Index," third edition, The Society of Dyes and Colors and the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (1971).

This sort of handbook correlates dye structure with trade names. Typical of colorants identified in accordance with this handbook, which can be used in the practice of this invention, are Solvent Orange 20; Acid Blue 83 (C.I. 42660), Acid

Blue 59 (C.I. 50315), Direct Blue 86 (C.I. 74180); Direct Red 81 (C.I. 28160) and Acid

YeUow 36 (C.I. 13065).

Cationic dyestuffs can also be used in the practice of this invention, for example Rhodamine 6G, Rhodamine B, Rhoduline Blue 6G and Methylene Blue BB.

Similarly, metaUized azo dyestuffs can be employed in the practice of this invention. Representative metallized azo dyes which can be employed are Co, Ni,

Cu or Cr complexes of coupling products of 2-amino-4-nitrophenol and resorcinol;

2-amino-4-chloro-5-nitrophenol and acetoacetanilide; dianisidine and 3-hydroxy-2- naphthanilide; 2-amino-4-chloro-5-nitrophenol and 2-aminonaphthalene or the Uke.

It wiU further be understood that other textile-treating agents, such as optical brighteners, e.g. styrylnaphthoxazole compounds, can be applied, along with dyes or pigments.

The dyes/pigments can be used in any form, that is, as presscake or as dried pressed dye. The addition of dispersing agents is optional. Alternatively, the dyes or pigments can be added to the dye bath in a solvent/dispersing medium compatible with the dye bath. It is convenient and preferred, in the practice of this invention, to use solid disperse dyes free of additives.

Addition of antistatic or flame retardant agents to the compositions being

5 used for treating polymeric articles permits, in addition to strengthening the articles, improving dimension stabiUty of the articles and correcting heat history of the articles, imparting antistatic and/or flame retardant properties to the articles. This is accompUshed by addition of an antistatic or fire retardant agent to the treatment vehicle. 0 Ultraviolet absorbing or stabilizing adjuvants can be appUed to articles, made from plastic, using the treating compositions of this invention. Thus-treated articles wiU have enhanced stability to ultraviolet radiation and/or increased ultra¬ violet absorption. Stabilization toward ultraviolet radiation is significant for articles, exposed to sunlight. Stabilization may occur with or without an increase -5 in the ultraviolet absorption of the treated article, for example, a treated poly¬ carbonate sheet might have improved stability and also filter out ultraviolet radiation. Effects of treatment with ultraviolet stabilizing/absorbing agents therefore include both stabilization and optical effects, regardless of the mech¬ anism by which produced. it wiU be understood that more than one kind of adjuvant can be used in the compositions of this invention, assuming eompatability. This can be determined by routine experimentation. For example, articles can be both colored and treated with an antistatic agent, using a composition containing an organic colorant and an antistatic adjuvant. -5 Representative antistatic agents include, but are not limited to, long chain polyamines, for example, l-amino-3,6-diazatetracosane or l-amino-3,6-diazahexa- decane; unsaturated sulfonic acid betaines, for example, from methacrylic acid- (oxamido-N,N-dimethylhydrazide)-ethyl ester or cinna ic acid-(3-oxamido-N,N- dimethylhydrazide)-phenyl ester; quaternary ammonium salts, for example, tri- ° methyl stearyl ammonium chloride, stearyl dimethyl ethyl ammonium ethyl sulfate, lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium propyl sulfate or choline chloride; fluorinated alkyl polyoxyethylene ethanols and potassium perfluoroalkyl sulfonates.

Fire retardant adjuvants include, but are not limited to organophosphorus compounds. These agents include halogenated and unhalogenated esters of 5 phosphoric, phosphorous, phosphonic and phosphinic acids, as weU as corresponding phosphines and phosphine oxides. Particularly preferred fire retardant adjuvants for the practice of this invention include cyclic phosphite esters, e.g., those based on ethylene glycol; tris(beta-chloroethyl) phosphate and dialkyl alkylphosphonates, especially dimethyl methyl phosphonate. Ultraviolet absorbing or stabilizing adjuvants generaUy include materials which are compatible with the treating compositions and with the article being treated and which absorb incident radiation in the range between about 2700 A and about 4000 A. Among materials known to function as ultraviolet absorbing or stabilizing agents are coumarin ethers; esters of para-aminobenzoic acid, such as the glyceryl ester; esters of substituted para-aminobenzoic acids and para- methoxycinnamic acid, for example the 2-ethoxyethyl esters; benzophenone deriva¬ tives, e.g., 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone; triazolyl ketones, such as 2-phenyl- 4-2,',4^,-dihydroxybenzoyl)-v-triazoles and corresponding ethers and esters; hydra- zones derived from aromatic aldehydes; 2-phenylbenzoxazole derivatives; bisoxalic acid diamides; benozylbenzofuran derivatives; formazan derivatives; metal chel- ates of bicyclononanedione esters; bis-alpha-cyano-beta,beta-diphenylacrylic acid derivatives; 2-aryl-4,5-arylo-l,2,3-triazoles; beta-benzoyloxy-2'-hydroxychalcones and phenolic triazoles, for example, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenol. It is preferred to use phenolic triazoles in the practice of this invention. A most preferred member of this group of compounds is 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4- methylphenol, which is commercially available as Tinuvin P.

It has been found that waterless dye baths can be decolorized by contacting the baths with activated carbon at elevated temperatures. Dye baths containing at least 5% by weight of an aromatic polyester can be decolorized readily using activated carbon, whereas baths of prior art compositions, containing no aromatic polyester, are not readily decolorized in this fashion. Most preferably, these compositions being decolorized contain at least 5% by weight of trialkyl trimeUit¬ ate, wherein alkyl is of 6-22 carbon atoms. Most preferably, the compositions being decolorized are other than the compositions claimed in U.S. Patents 4,602,916 and 4,608,056.

Addition of triphenyl phosphite to the dye baths has been found to reduce discoloration of the dye bath. Accordingly, compositions containing 0.1 - 2.0% by weight of triphenyl phosphite are preferred. The baths can contain, in addition to or instead of triphenyl phosphite, 0.1 - 2.0% by weight of 2,2^*-oxamido bistethyl 3- (3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate] . -1^- Optional emulsifiers or dyeing assistant agents, used in the compositions of this invention, include, but are not limited to, alkoxylated alkylphenols, alkoxylated castor oil compounds, alkoxylated hydrogenated castor oil compounds, alkoxylated primary alkanols, salts of phosphated alkoxylated primary alkanols or alkylphenols, ethoxylated sorbitan esters and mixtures thereof. It wiU be understood that corresponding esters of the optional dyeing assistant agents can be used as a component of the high-boiling ester vehicle.

The amount of optional emulsifier or dyeing assistant agent, employed in the compositions of this invention, is at least about 0.5% by weight of the composition _and can be as high as 60 - 80% by weight. Waterless dye bath compositions wiU preferably contain 5 - 10% by weight of one or more optional emulsifiers.

Ethoxylated alkanols, used as optional emulsifiers, wiU be of alkanols of 8 -24 carbon atoms, ethoxylated so as to contain 2 - 30 ethyleneoxy units. Typical ethoxylated alkanols which can be used are lauryl alcohol 3.5 ethoxylate (POE 3.5) or POE (18) tridecyl aleohoL

Preferred optional dyeing assistant agents are alkoxylated alkylphenols.

These are compounds of the formula

C a H 2-a _A + 1.-C 6.H 4.-CKC x H 2x O). b H,' wherein a is 1 - 12 and b is 1 - 24. Accordingly, exemplary dyeing assistant agents include ethoxylated and propoxylated alkylphenols. Preferred alkylphenols are nonylphenol, octylphenol, and dodecylphenol. It will be understood that the alkylphenols and the acids used to esterify the alkoxylated alkylphenols can include mixtures. Most preferably, the alkoxylated alkylphenols will be ethoxylated derivatives, having 5 - 10 ethylene oxide units. Preferred emulsifiers or optional dyeing assistant agents will be those wherein:

(a) a is 5 - 10,

(b) b is 6 - 15,

(c) b is 8 - II, including mixtures thereof, (d) a is 9 and b is 8 - 10,

(e) a is 9 and b is 6 - 10 and

(f) x is 2.

Alkoxylated castor oil used as an optional additive in the compositions of this invention will contain 15 - 100 oxyalkylene units, preferably 40 - 85 oxyethylene units. The hydrogenated castor oil derivatives wiU contain 5 - 200 oxyalkylene units, preferably 20 - 30 oxyethylene units. These types of materials can be purchased from ICI America and Whitestone Chemical Co.

It has been found, in accordance with this invention that articles can be dyed or colored very rapidly and very homogeneously. Normally, immersion in the dye bath for as little as 30 seconds at 160° C will give significant coloration. However, for even faster results, the dyeings can be done at 180 - 200° C. or higher.

Employing the compositions of this invention at 200° C. or more does not result in smoking or pollution of the processing plant, which is a problem when ethylene glycol or diethylene glycol are the dyeing solvents. In practice, it is feasible to use a temperature, up to that at which the plastic being dyed, wiU degrade. However, temperatures between 120 - 235° C, most preferably 140 - 235° C, will be preferred.

Although it is preferred to dye the articles being treated by immersion in a bath of the dye composition, the dyes can also be applied by spraying. Then, the sprayed articles should be heated in a bath to at least 140° C to complete uptake of the dye into the article.

Whether the article is treated by immersion or otherwise, the treated article is normally cleaned with a solvent to remove excess treating agent or adjuvant. Preferably, the solvents used for cleaning are chlorinated or fluorinated hydro- carbons. However, highly chlorinated solvents, such as perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene are preferred for cleaning by immersion in a liquid bath. Fluorochlorocarbons, such as dichlorodifluoromethane, chlorotrifluoromethane, which are gases at ambient temperatures or slightly above, can be used for vapor- phase cleaning of the treated articles. Normally, means will be used to recover and recycle the cleaning solvent, rather than discharging it to the atmosphere.

A further advantage of the process of the invention is that it is essentially self-contained and effluent free, that is, little or no material is lost or discharged to the atmosphere.

In the apparatus of this invention, the major components include a dip tank, a dye recovery unit, a solvent cleaning tank, a solvent recovery still and a drier. The dip tank wiU be provided with heating means and stirring means, so as to permit Circulation of the dyeing solution within the dip tank and to a dye recovery unit external thereto.

The dye recovery unit normaUy includes filtration means for removal of soUd debris from used dye solutions and distilling and condensing means for recovery of the solvent. The purified dye solution can be recycled to the dip tank, with addition of dye or other additives to provide the desired composition in the dip tank, or can be stored for later use.

It is preferred, in coloring many types of textile-related articles, including jeans, shorts, lingerie, carpeting, hosiery, zippers and lace, as exemplary, to provide squeeze roUer means, essentiaUy functioning as wringers, to remove excess dye solution from treated articles. The dye solution removed at this point can be cycled to the external recovery unit or can be returned directly to the dip tank.

When the dye bath contains at least 5% by weight of aromatic polyester and is free of other optional dyeing assistant agents, it is preferred to recover clean dye vehicle by treatment with activated carbon. This treatment permits reuse of the dyeing vehicle with a plurality of different organic colorants and avoids the need for recovering the dyeing vehicle by distillation.

Articles leaving the squeeze roU station are passed into the solvent cleaning tank to complete removal of any excess or unadherent dye matter. It is preferred to use a plurality of solvent cleaning tanks. It is also preferred to circulate solvent from the tank through an external solvent recovery unit, provided with filters to remove solid materials and distiUing and condensing means for purifying solvent, and to return purified solvent to the system. Dye recovered on the filter or as residue from the distiUation can be returned to the system for recycle. When a plurality of solvent cleaning tanks are employed, it is preferred to flow solvent countercurrently to the direction in which the articles being treated, are moved.

The final component of the apparatus is the drying means, such as a hot air drier, from which articles leaving the system can be inspected and packaged. Solvent vapors from the hot air drier can be condensed and returned to the system. It has surprisingly been found that non-aqueous dye baths containing aromatic polyester, with or without emulsifiers or other optional dyeing assistant additives, but no cycloaliphatic diester, have better high temperature stabiUty than composi¬ tions containing both the aromatic polyester and the eycloaUphatic diester.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION in a most preferred aspect, the compositions of this invention will comprise a vehicle of at least one high-boiling ester derived from a glycol or polyol and one or more monocarboxylic acids or derived from a dicarboxylic or polycarboxylic acid and one or more monohydric alcohols. Most preferably, the vehicles wiU boU above about 300° C at 760 mm and the esters will be of at least 24 carbon atoms. A most preferred process in accordance with this invention is one wherein the article being treated is exposed to the foregoing composition, containing a fire retardant, antistatic or ultraviolet absorbin /stabilizing adjuvant, maintained at a temperature of 140 - 235° C for a time adequate to achieve the desired degree of antistatic, ultraviolet absorbing/stabilizing or fire retardant properties. Articles most preferably treated in t is fashion are polyester or polycarbonate sheets or films.

In another most preferred aspect, the vehicle wiU contain an organic colorant and the process will comprise exposing an article made from polycarbonate to the composition, maintained at 140-235° C, for a time adequate to achieve the desired degree of coloration.

Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skiUed in the art can, using the preceding description, utilize the present invention to the fullest extent. The foUowing specific embodiments are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever. In the foUowing examples, the temperatures are set forth uncorrected in degrees Celsius. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts and percentages are by weight.

EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of Pentaethryritol Tetrapelargonate

To a 3-necked flask fitted with stirrer, condenser, receiver, thermometer, nitrogen purge and heating mantle are charged LI mole of pentaerythritol, 4 moles of pelargonic acid and 0.8 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid. Air is purged from the flask with nitrogen and the contents of the flask are heated to 160 - 170° C. Water formed by the reaction is removed continuously. The reaction is continued until the product has an acid value below 5 g KOH/g. The product is cooled and filtered.

Other esters are prepared using the foUowing reactants: (1) trimethylolpropane and dodecanoic acid 1 : 3 molar ratio (2) pentaerythritol and palmitic acid 1 : 4 molar ratio

(3) trimethylolpropane and pelargonic acid 1 : 3 molar ratio

(4) triethyleneglycol and pelargonic acid 1 : 2 molar ratio

(5) diethyleneglycol and undecanoic acid 1 : 2 molar ratio (6) trimethylole thane and a mixture of stearic and oleic acids 1 : 3 molar ratio

(7.) mannitol and tetradecanoic acid 1 : 6 molar ratio.

EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of Polyoxyethylene Nonylphenyl Laurate

To a three-necked flask fitted out with stirrer, condenser, receiver, thermo¬ meter, nitrogen purge and heating mantle were charged 750 g (LI moles) of polyoxyethylated nonylphenol (9.5 moles of oxyethylene, NP 9.5), 208 g (1 mole) of lauric acid and 2.4 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid. Air was purged from the flask with nitrogen and the mixture was heated to 160 - 170° C. Water was removed continuously. The reaction was aUowed to continue until an acid value below 10 mg/KOH was obtained for a sample of product. The product was cooled and filtered.

Other polyoxyethylene compounds are made in a similar fashion from: (l) NP 9.5 and coconut fatty acid, 1 : 1 molar ratio

(2) NP 9.5 and oleic acid, 1 : 1 molar ratio

(3) NP 9.5 and stearic acid, 1 : 1 molar ratio

(4) NP 9.5 and benzoic acid, 1 : 1 molar ratio.

EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of Cycloaliphatic Diester (R is 2-ethylhexyl)

To a three-necked flask fitted with stirrer, thermometer, nitrogen purge, condenser, side-arm receiver and heating mantle were charged 352 g (1 mole) of Diacid 1550, 273 g (2.1 moles) of 2-ethylhexanol, L5 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid and 2 g of decolorizing carbon. Air was purged from the flask with nitrogen and the reaction mixtue was stirred and heated to 160 - 170° C for 4 - 6 hours. Water formed during the reaction was coUected in the side-arm receiver. The reaction was continued until the acid value was below 5 mg KOH/g. The catalyst and carbon were removed by filtration. The ester product and 25 grams of nickel on kieselguhr were charged to a stirred, heated pressure vessel. The mixture was heated to 160 - 170° C and pressurized to 400 psig with hydrogen. A sample was removed after 6 - 8 hours for determination of the iodine value. The reaction was continued until the iodine value was below 0.5 g of iodine/100 g of sample.

The product was cooled to 50° C and the catalyst was removed by filtration. Esters are prepared similarly from:

(1) Diacid 1550 and decyl alcohol, 1 : 2 molar ratio

(2) Diacid 1550 and tridecyl alcohol, 1 : 2 molar ratio

(3) Diacid 1550 and Neodol 25 (a mixture of 12 - 15 carbon alcohols), 1 : 2 molar ratio.

EXAMPLE 4

A. Preparation of Polyoxyethylene Unsaturated Cycloaliphatic Diester, R is

HO(CH₂CH₂0)_nCH₂CH₂-)

To a stirred autoclave fitted with heating and cooling coils was charged 352 g (1 mole) of Diacid 1550. Catalyst (1.0 g of potassium hydroxide) was charged to the reactor. The temperature was raised to U0° C and the reactor was vacuum stripped for 30 - 60 minutes to remove any residual water from previous washing of the reactor or from one or more of the charged reactants or catalyst. The reactor was purged with nitrogen to remove air, evacuated again and purged again with nitrogen. The contents of the reactor were stirred and heated to 140° C and 100 g (2.3 moles) of ethylene oxide was added to the reactor. The pressure inside the reactor immediately built up to 30 - 50 psig. After 30 -60 minutes' induction time, an exothermic polymerization reaction (to 150 - 160° C) began. The reaction was accompanied by a pressure drop to zero (0 psig) as the ethylene oxide was consumed. Ethylene oxide was added to the reactor to a total of 660 g (15 moles). The temperature was maintained at 150 - 160° C by cooling. Addition of ethylene oxide was stopped and the reaction was allowed to continue for 30 minutes more. The reactor was cooled to 90 - 100° C and purged twice with nitrogen.

A sample of the product had a hydroxyl value of 110 mg of KOH/g (15 moles of ethylene oxide added to the diacid). The diester was acidified with acetic acid to neutralize the potassium hydroxide catalyst and treated with 3 g of hydrogen peroxide to bleach and lighten the color of the product. The reactor was cooled to 30° C prior to removing the product, which was filtered through filter paper, using a porcelain filter. B. Reduction to the Polyoxyethylene Diester

The product of Example 4A and 25 g of nickel on kieselguhr were charged to a stirred, heated pressure vessel. The mixture was heated to 160 - 170° C and pressurized with hydrogen to 400 psig. After 6 - 8 hours, samples were removed at intervals for determination of the iodine value. The reaction was continued until the iodine value was less than 0.5 g/100 g of sample. EXAMPLE 5

Preparation of Phosphated Polyoxyethylene Diester (R is (HO) P(=Q)(OCH,,CH₂) - OCH₂CH₂-)

.Polyoxyethylated (15 moles of ethylene oxide) diacid, obtained as in Example 4B was heated to 50 - 60° C, stirred and purged thoroughly with nitrogen to remove air. To about 1015 g (1 mole) of this material was added 24 g (0.17 mole) of phosphorus pentoxide. An exothermic reaction began immediately, with an exotherm to 85 - 95° C. The reaction mixture was maintained at this temperature by cooling and an additional 24 g (0.17 mole) of phosphorus pentoxide was added. The reaction was continued for three hours after aU of the phosphorus pentoxide was added. The reactor was cooled to 50° C prior to removal of a sample. The acid value of the product was 32 mg KOH/g, indicating that the reaction was complete. The batch was bleached at 85 - 95° C with 5 g of hydrogen peroxide, cooled to 30° C and filtered.

EXAMPLE 6

Aroylpolyoxyethylene Cycloaliphatic Diester

An aroylpolyoxyethylene cycloaUphatic diester was synthesized in a two-liter autoclave fitted with nitrogen purge, condenser and receiver for the removal of by¬ product water. Charge weights were: 510.0 g. Diacid 1550

2.0 g. flake caustic 636.0 g. ethylene oxide After purging the system with nitrogen, Diacid 1550 and caustic were heated to 130° C. Ethylene oxide was added over a four-hour period, during which the temperature was kept at 150 -165° C. The resulting ethoxylated product was cooled to 90° C for removal of a sample. The hydroxyl value was 139. To this intermediate was added:

3.5 g. acetic acid (glacial) 7.5 g. methanesulfonic acid (70%) 340.0 g. benzoic acid

After purging with nitrogen, the temperature of the mixture was raised to and held at 165 - 170° C until the acid value was less than 5 mg KOH per gram. The theoretical amount of water was removed during the reaction and coUected in the receiver. The sample was cooled and filtered. The filtered product was hydrogenated in a two-liter autoclave: 1000.0 g ethoxylated product, above 50.0 g Raney nickel S hydrogen

5 The reduction was run at 100 - 125° C and 200 - 250 psig until hydrogen consumption ceased. The product was cooled and filtered.

EXAMPLE 7

Ethoxylated castor and hydrogenated castor oils were prepared as in Example 4. Ethylene oxide adds to the hydroxyl group of castor oiL

0 EXAMPLE 8

A waterless dyeing composition was prepared from bis(2-ethylhexyl) cyclo¬ aliphatic diester of Example 3 and tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimeUitate (Eastman) in 20 : 80 weight ratio, containing 5 grams/liter of Disperse Blue 60 and 0.1% by weight of triphenyl phosphite. 5 This composition was kept at 185° C and stirred while a piece of polyester carpet was immersed therein for 30 sec. The carpet section was removed, washed in perchloroethylene and dried. The carpet was homogeneously colored with good dye fixation. There was little or no smoking during the coloring operation.

EXAMPLE 9 0 Dip dye solution was made from 80 parts by weight of tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimeUitate, 20 parts by weight of bis(2-ethylhexyl) cycloaliphatic diester and 0.1% by weight of triphenyl phosphite.

To this was added Sandoz Pigment YeUow 2B at a level of 5 g/L The resulting composition was used to dye a piece of nylon carpet (200° C, 2 min). The ζ experiment was otherwise as in Example 8. The nylon carpet was dyed yeUow with good levelness.

EXAMPLE 10

Pure tris(2-ethylhexyl)trimeUitate was used to dye nylon and polyester samples with Disperse Blue 56 ( 5 g/1) at 185° C for 30 sec. Results were similar to those of Examples 8 and 9. Similarly good results were obtained, using 10 g or 20 g/1 of the same dye. EXAMPLE 11

A dye bath was prepared from a mixture of 50 g of tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimeUitate and 50 g of pentaerythritol tetrapelargonate, to which was added 0.5 g of Disperse Blue 56 dye. The resulting dark blue mixture was heated to 185° C and maintained at that temperature to dye a swatch of polyester fabric. The immersion time was 1 min. The dyed swatch was washed with perchloroethylene and dryed. The dyed sample was a level, dark blue shade.

EXAMPLE 12 Baths were made from tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimeUitate and pentaerythritol tetrapelargonate in 20 : 80 and 80 : 20 ratios by weight. The solutions, containing 0.5 g of Disperse Blue 56, were used to dye polyester fabric swatches at 185° C as in Example 11. Slightly lighter shades of blue were obtained.

EXAMPLE 13 (a) Dye solution comprising ethylene glycol, containing 1 gram/liter of pure presscake blue dye, was heated to 180° C with constant stirring. The solution began to smoke at about 107° C. Smoking became very troublesome at 125° C and even worse at 180° C.

Into the solution at 180° C was immersed a six -inch piece of polyester zipper. After one minutes' immersion, the zipper was removed, cooled in air and cleaned in perchloroethylene solution, to remove residual dye solution. The zipper was difficult to clean. The zipper was unevenly colored and had many splotches.

(b) A similar experiment was done, using diethylene glycol as solvent. The dyed product was unevenly dyed and had many splotches. These experiments demonstrate that use of glycol solvents is unacceptable from a poUution standpoint and that unacceptable dyeings are obtained.

EXAMPLE 14

A 3/16 inch stainless steel tank of 70 gaUon capacity containing 520 pounds of dip dye solution of glyceryl tribenzoate and nonylphenol 7 (oxyethylene units, Union Carbide Corp.) in 20 : 80 weight ratio, at a dye level of 0.5 pound of Latyl Blue

BCN 356 (crude ground dye) was heated externaUy to provide a temperature of

182° C. A pump was used to circulate material in the dye bath during heating and while a polyester zipper about two feet long was immersed in the stirred bath for about 30 seconds. The zipper was removed from the bath and lightly squeezed with a roUer to remove excess dye solution. The zipper was washed in a tank containing a mixture of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene. After 30 seconds' immersion in the bath, the zipper was dried in a hot air chamber. The zipper was ready for final inspection and shipment.

The zipper was rapidly dyed by this method and was pleasant in appearance.

EXAMPLE 15 An apparatus for removal of dye solutions of the invention consisted of three stainless steel columns, each 5 cm in diameter and 50 cm long. Each column was fitted with a circular pad (5 microns), in the center of which was a hole 0.64 cm in diameter. The pad was covered with a disc of stainless steel screen and topped with Whatman no. 1 filter paper. The first column of the series was packed with 100-200 g of activated granular carbon (Calgon Corp.) and was used as a holding tank for heating the dye solution to about 185° C.

Each of the second and third columns was packed with about 500 g of activated carbon. The temperature of the liquid being passed through these columns was about 185° C and 120° C, respectively.

Dye solutions (Disperse Blue 60 at a concentration of 5 g/1) in 80 : 20 tris(2- ethylhexyl) trimeUitate : bis(2-ethylhexyl) cycloaliphatic diester by volume were decolorized in the foregoing series of three columns. About 15.5 liters of dye solution was decolorized by about 500 g of activated granular carbon. At a dye concentration of 5 g/liter, 1 pound of carbon wiU accordingly decolorize about 30 pounds of dye mixture.

Flow rates were varied from very slow to a rate of 1 gal/ in/square foot of surface area without adversely affecting recovery of the vehicles.

The foregoing apparatus was used for the decolorization of dye solutions, containing 5 - 10 g/1 of about 60 different dyes. The process need not be carried out under an inert atmosphere. EXAMPLE 16

. Dye solution is made from: parts by weight

80 pentaerythritol tetrapelargonate 20 polyoxyethylene nonylphenol laurate

(9.5 moles of ethylene oxide)

1 Latyl Blue BCN 356

The dip dye solution is used as in Example 12, with similar results.

EXAMPLE 17

Forty grams of dye solution containing Disperse Blue in 80 : 20 tris(2- ethylhexyl) trimeUitate : pentaerythritol tetrapelargonate at a level of 5 g of dye/liter are treated at 150° C with 3 g of activated carbon. The hot solution is filtered through Whatman No. 1 filter paper. To the lightly-colored filtrate is added 1 g of activated carbon. The mixture is heated to 150° C and filtered hot. The filtrate is light yeUow in color and can be used for a dye bath with another color dye.

EXAMPLE 18

Experiments similar to those of Example 17 are done with an 80 : 20 dye bath, containing 5 - 10 g/1 of one of Disperse Red 60, Disperse Yellow 54, Nylanthrene Blue 2RFF (an acid dye) or Roma Violet Pigment RL 9613. In each case, treatment with about 10% by weight of activated carbon, referred to colorant weight, at 100 - 200° C results in essentiaUy clean dye bath solution, which can be recycled without distillation.

EXAMPLE 19

Dye bath was prepared from triethyleneglycol dipelargonate, containing 0.5% by weight of Disperse Blue 60. A polyester swatch, dipped into the bath at 185° C for 1 min, gave a good level blue shade dyeing.

.EXAMPLE 20

(a) Dye bath is prepared from phenyl stearate and tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimeUitate (20 : 80), containing L0% by weight of Disperse Red 60. The bath is used to dye a swatch of polyester as in Example 19. Similar results are obtained. (b) Dye bath, containing lauryl laurate instead of phenyl stearate, is prepared as above. Similar results are obtained with a polyester fabric sample.

EXAMPLE 21

(a) Diester is prepared from dimer acid (Diels-Alder condensate of linoleic acid) and 2-ethylhexanol as in Example 3.

(b) Dye solution is made from tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimeUitate and the bis(2- ethylhexyl) ester of dimer acid (20 : 80) and 0.5% by weight of Disperse Yellow dye. The solution is used as in Example 12 to dye and treat poly(ethylene terephthalate) film. An even dyeing is obtained and the film is stronger than untreated film.

(c) A solution of tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimeUitate and the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of dimer acid (20 : 80) is used for treatment of poly(ethylene terephthalate) film, which is immersed in the solution at 200° C for 1 min. The treated film is smooth and flaw-free and stronger than untreated film.

EXAMPLE 22

(a) A 5 x 7.5 cm sample of 5-mil polycarbonate film (derived from bisphenol A) was immersed in a solution of bis(2-ethylhexyl) cycloaliphatic diester and tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimeUitate (20:80), containing 2.0% by weight of Resolin Brilliant Blue BGL (Disperse Blue 60), 1.0% by weight of Ralanil Brilliant Red REL (Disperse Red 91) and 2.0% by weight of Terasil YeUow GWL (Disperse YeUow 42), maintained at 138° C, for 60 sec. The dyed sample was scoured with a mixture of 90% of Freon TF and 10% isopropanoL The dyed specimen was a medium-dark grey shade with good clarity and no visual distortion.

(b) A sample of polycarbonate is treated as in Example 22(a), except that the treating composition contains no colorant. The treatment improves the dimensional stabiUty and strength of the film.

EXAMPLE 23

(a) A 5 x 7.5 cm specimen of 4-mil polyethylene terephthalate film was treated in a 90:10 solution of tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimeUitate and ethoxylated nonylphenol (5 ethylene oxide units), containing 15% by weight of cycUc phosphon- ate ester (Antiblaze 19, Mobil Oil Corp.), maintained at 177° C, for 30 sec. The treated sample was scoured with water and dried. The treated sample was evaluated by the vertical butane flame test, in which a 1.75 cm butane flame touches the sample for 12 see. The treated specimen melted, but did not burn. An untreated specimen (control) ignited .and burned.

(b) A solution of bis(2-ethylhexyl) cycloaliphatic diester and tris(2-ethyl- hexyl) trimeUitate (20:80) by volume, containing 15% by weight of dimethyl methylphosphonate (Fyrol DMMP, Stauffer Chemical Co.), maintained at 177° C, was used to treat a 5 x 7.5 cm specimen of 4 mil polyethylene terephthalate for 30 sec. The treated specimen was scoured with water and dried.

The treated specimen did not ignite under conditions of the vertical butane flame test.

(c) A 5 x 7.5 specimen of polyester film was treated in an ester solution similar to that of Example 23(b), but containing 10% by weight of tris(beta- chloroethyl) phosphate (Fyrol CEF, Stauffer Chemical Co.) and 0.5% by weight of Resolin Blue FBL (Disperse Blue 56), maintained at 177° C, for 30 sec. The treated sample was scoured with 1,1,1-trichloroethane and dried.

The treated sample did not ignite during the vertical butane flame test and was colored an even light blue. This experiment shows that both colorant and flame retardant can be appUed simultaneously to an article made from plastic.

EXAMPLE 24 A sample of polyester tow (polyethylene terephthalate in rope form, 2.73 meters in length) was immersed in a 20:80 mixture of bis(2-ethylhexyl) cycloali¬ phatic diester and tris(2 -ethylhexyl) trimeUitate, maintained at 199° C, for three min. The sample was scoured with perchloroethylene and dried.

The product had a weU-defined crimp, which appeared to be permanently set.

EXAMPLE 25

Polyester or polycarbonate films are treated at 150-200° C for 30 sec-2 min with mixtures of pentaerythritol tetrapelargonate and tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimeUi¬ tate, containing 3% by weight of antistatic agents, such as trimethyl stearyl ammonium chloride and lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium propyl sulfate. The treated samples are scoured and dried. The film specimens have antistatic properties. EXAMPLE 26

(a) A 20:80 solution of bis(2-ethylhexyl) cycloaliphatic diester and tris(2- ethylhexyl) trimeUitate, containing 3% by weight of 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4- methylphenol (Tinuvin P), 0.41% by weight of Disperse Blue 60, 0.132% by weight of Disperse Red 91 and 0.605% by weight of Disperse Yellow 42, was used to treat automotive polyester fabric (Gold Mills) at an elevated temperature.

The treated fabric was evaluated for lightfastness using GM Test Method 30- 2 in a GM twin carbon arc weatherometer. The specimen treated with solution containing Tinuvin P was rated 3.0/480, that is, 480 h to failure. A control, using the same solution without Tinuvin P, was rated 3.0/360, that is, 360 h to failure. Therefore, treatment with an ultraviolet absorber increased the lightfastness by 120 h.

(b) Similar tests were run on automotive polyester fabric (Milliken). The specimen treated with solution containing 3.0% by weight of Tinuvin P was rated 3.0/580 in the Weatherometer test; the control was rated 3.0/460.

From the foregoing description, one skiUed in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention and, without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions.

Claims

Claims:

1. A waterless composition for treating apparel or other articles, made from plastic, comprising a hot liquid vehicle of at least one high-boiling ester derived from one or more monohydric alcohols and one or more monocarboxyUc acids; from a glycol or polyol and one or more monocarboxylic acids; or from a dicarboxyUc or polycarboxyUc acid and one or more monohydric alcohols; provided that the composition boils above about 250° C at 760 mm, the high-boiling ester or esters are of at least 18 carbon atoms and the vehicle is at a temperature between about 100° C and the boiling point of the composition.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein at least one high-boiling ester is other than a bisterephthalate of the formula

alk-C₆H₄0(C₂H₄0)_kC₂H₄OOC O*^ )V-COO(C₂H₄0)_kC₂H₄OC₆H₄-alk,

wherein alk is straight or branched-chain alkyl of 4 - 15 carbon atoms and k is 3 - 20.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises at least one high-boiUng ester other than a mixture of a cycloaliphatic diester of the formula

COOR wherein R is substituted or unsubstituted straight or branched chain alkyl of 4-20 carbon atoms, polyoxyalkylene or phosphated polyoxyalkylene and a high-boiling aromatic ester of the formula ArCOOR.OOCAr or ArCOOR„, wherein Ar is monocycUc aryl of up to 10 carbon atoms, R. is alkylene of 2-8 carbon atoms or polyoxyalkylene and R, is alkyl or alkenyl of 8-30 carbon atoms.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises at least one high-boiling ester other than a bisterephthalate of the formula

alk-C₆H₄0(C₂H₄0)_kC₂H₄OOC-^^-COO(C₂H₄0)_kC₂H₄OC₆H₄-alk

wherein alk is straight or branched-chain alkyl of 4-15 carbon atoms and k is 3-20; and a cycloaliphatic diester of the formula

wherein R is substituted or unsubstituted straight or branched chain alkyl of 4-20 carbon atoms, polyoxyalkylene or phosphated polyoxyalkylene.

5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the vehicle comprises at least one high-boiling ester derived from a glycol or polyol and one or more monocarboxylic acids or derived from a dicarboxylic or polycarboxylic acid and one or more monohydric alcohols.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition boils above about 300° C at 760 mm.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the ester or esters are of at least 24 carbon atoms.

8. The composition of claim 1, containing as an admixture an antistatic adjuvant.

9. The composition of claim 1, containing as an admixture a fire retardant adjuvant.

10. The composition of claim 1, containing as an admixture an ultraviolet absorbing or stabilizing adjuvant.

U. The composition of claim 8, wherein the composition boils above about 300° C at 760 mm and the ester or esters are of at least 24 carbon atoms.

12. The composition of claim 9, wherein the composition boils above about 300° C at 760 mm and the ester or esters are of at least 24 carbon atoms.

13. The composition of claim 10, wherein the compostion boils above about 300° C at 760 mm and the ester or esters are of at least 24 carbon atoms.

14. A process for imparting antistatic properties to articles, made from plastic, comprising exposing an article being treated to a composition of claim 8, maintained at a temperature from 100° C to the temperature at which the plastic degrades, for a time adequate to achieve the desired degree of antistatic properties.

15. The process of claim 14, wherein the plastic is polyester, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyurethane, an acrylonitrile or methaerylonitrile polymer or copoly- mer, halogenated polyolefin or epoxy.

16. The process of claim 14, wherein the article is immersed in the treating composition at a temperature of at least 140° C for at least 1 minute.

17. The process of claim 14, wherein the article is sprayed with the treating composition and heated in a bath or oven to at least 140° C.

18. The process of claim 14, including the further steps of cleaning the thus-treated article with a halogenated solvent and drying the thus-cleaned article.

19. The process of claim 14, wherein the article being treated is a film.

20. The process of claim 14, wherein the article being treated is a polyester or polycarbonate film.

2L A process for imparting fire retardant properties to articles, made from plastic, comprising exposing an article being treated to a composition of claim 9, maintained at a temperature from 100° C to the temperature at which the plastic degrades, for a time adequate to achieve the desired degree of fire retardant properties.

22. The process of claim 21, wherein the plastic is polyester, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyurethane, halogenated polyolefin, epoxy or acrylonitrile or meth- acrylonitrile polymer or copolymer.

23. The process of claim 21, wherein the article is immersed in the composition at a temperature of at least 140° C for at least 1 minute.

24. The process of claim 21, wherein the article is sprayed with the treating composition and heated in a bath or oven to at least 140° C.

25. The process of claim 21, including the further steps of cleaning the thus-treated article with a halogenated solvent and drying the thus-cleaned article.

26. The process of claim 21, wherein the article being treated is a film.

27. The process of claim 21, wherein the article being treated is a polyester or polycarbonate film.

28. The process of claim 21, wherein the fire retardant adjuvant is a cyclic phosphonate ester.

29. The process of claim 21, wherein the fire retardant adjuvant is tris- (beta-chloroethyl) phosphate.

30. The process of claim 21, wherein the fire retardant adjuvant is dimethyl methylphosphonate.

31. A process for imparting stability to ultraviolet radiation or imparting ultraviolet absorbing properties to articles, made from plastic, comprising exposing an article being treated to a composition of claim 10, maintained at a temperature from 100° C to the temperature at which the plastic degrades, for a time adequate to ' achieve the desired degree of stability to ultraviolet radiation or ultraviolet absorbing properties.

32. The process of claim 31, wherein the plastic is polyester, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyurethane, an aerylonitrile or methacrylonitrile polymer or copoly- mer, halogenated polyolefin or epoxy.

33. The process of claim 31, wherein the article is immersed in the composition at a temperature of at least 140° C for at least 1 minute.

34. The process of claim 31, wherein the article is sprayed with the treating composition and heated in a bath or oven to at least 140° C.

35. The process of claim 31, including the further steps of cleaning the thus-treated article with a halogenated solvent and drying the thus-cleaned article.

36. The process of claim 31, wherein the .article being treated is a film.

37. The process of claim 31, wherein the article being treated is a polyester or polycarbonate film.

38. The process of claim 31, wherein the ultraviolet absorbing or stabilizing adjuvant is 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenoL

39. A process for coloring articles, made from polycarbonate plastic, comprising exposing an article being treated to a composition of claim 1, in admixture with an organic colorant, maintained at a temperature from 100° C to the temperature at which the polycarbonate degrades, for a time adequate to achieve the desired degree of coloration.

40. A process for coloring articles, made from polycarbonate plastic, comprising exposing an article being treated to a composition of claim 1, in admixture with an organic colorant, maintained at 120-235° C, for a time adequate to achieve the desired degree of coloration.

41. A process for treating articles, made from polycarbonate plastic, including correcting heat history of an article or increasing dimensional stability or strength of an article, comprising exposing an article being treated to a composi¬ tion of claim 1, maintained at a temperature from 100° C to the temperature at which the polycarbonate plastic degrades, for a time sufficient to achieve the desired degree of treatment.

42. The process of claim 41, wherein the composition comprises a mixture of a cycloaliphatic diester of the formula

COOR wherein R is substituted or unsubstituted straight or branched chain alkyl of 4-20 carbon atoms, polyoxyalkylene of the formula HO(C H O) C H - or phosphated polyoxyalkylene or a salt thereof, wherein (C A H O) fi is (CH-.tCH ώ--0)_n , (C„ «_)H_κ ϋO) π or

(CH„CH„0) (C₃HgO) ; n is 2-22 and the sum of p + q is n and an aromatic polyester of the formula C_βH .(COOR.) , wherein z is 3, 4, 5, or 6, z' is 6-z ειnd R. is substituted or unsubstituted higher alkyl or an alkylphenol ether of an alkoxy- alkanoL

43. The process of claim 41, wherein the article being treated is a film.

44. A process for decolorizing a waterless dip dye composition comprising a solution of an organic colorant in at least one high-boiUng ester derived from one or more monohydric alcohols and one or monocarboxyUc acids; from a glycol or polyol and one or more monocarboxylic acids; or from a dicarboxylic or poly- carboxylic acid and one or more monohydric alcohols; provided that the composi¬ tion boils above about 250° C at 760 mm, the high-boiling ester or esters are of at least 18 carbon atoms and at least some of the esters are other than an aUphatic polyester of a higher alkanoic acid and a polyol of the formula (ACOO)₂__βB, wherein A is alkyl of 8-22 carbon atoms and B is the residue of a polyhydric alcohol, other than glycerol, of 2-6 hydroxyl groups and, when B is the residue of glycerol, A is alkyl of 8, 10, 12, 14 , 16, 18 or 20 carbon atoms; comprising contacting the composition with activated carbon at an elevated temperature. - *-

45. The process of claim 44, wherein the composition is passed through a plurality of columns, each packed with activated carbon, at a temperature above about 120° C.

46. The process of claim 44, wherein the composition is filtered through filter paper before being contacted with activated carbon.

47. The process of claim 44, wherein the composition is other than a composition of at least 5% by weight of an aromatic polyester of the formula C_gH .(COOR) , wherein R, is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or 6-22 carbon atoms or the residue of an alkylphenol ether of an alkoxyalkanol; z is 3, 4, 5 or 6 and z' is 6-z and a cycloaliphatic diester of the formula

COOR wherein R is substituted or unsubstituted straight or branched chain alkyl of 4-20 carbon atoms, polyoxyalkylene or phosphated polyoxyalkylene.

48. The process of claim 44, wherein the composition contains at least 5% by weight of an aromatic polyester and is free of other optional dyeing assistant agents.

49. The process of claim 44, wherein the composition contains at least 5% by weight of a trialkyl trimeUitate and alkyl is of 6-22 carbon atoms.

50. The process of claim 44, wherein the organic colorant is a disperse dye.