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WO1990000700A1 - Process for depolluting an appliance - Google Patents

Process for depolluting an appliance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1990000700A1
WO1990000700A1 PCT/EP1989/000790 EP8900790W WO9000700A1 WO 1990000700 A1 WO1990000700 A1 WO 1990000700A1 EP 8900790 W EP8900790 W EP 8900790W WO 9000700 A1 WO9000700 A1 WO 9000700A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
pyrolysis
combustion
combustion chamber
heated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP1989/000790
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Josef Edelmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ASEA BROWN BOVERI AG
ABB AB
Original Assignee
ASEA BROWN BOVERI AG
Asea Brown Boveri AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ASEA BROWN BOVERI AG, Asea Brown Boveri AB filed Critical ASEA BROWN BOVERI AG
Publication of WO1990000700A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990000700A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/12—Oil cooling
    • H01F27/14—Expansion chambers; Oil conservators; Gas cushions; Arrangements for purifying, drying, or filling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
    • B08B7/0064—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by temperature changes
    • B08B7/0071—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by temperature changes by heating
    • B08B7/0085—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by temperature changes by heating by pyrolysis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/303—Burning pyrogases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/50—Devolatilising; from soil, objects

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for disposing of a device, in particular electrical device, which is contaminated with environmentally harmful, hydrocarbon-containing, in particular liquid material.
  • the term "device” in the sense of the present invention encompasses both the device as a whole and components of such a device, and the term “electrical device” is intended primarily to include transformers, electrical chokes or capacitors.
  • electrical devices of this type which were intended for use in power supply or distribution systems, insulating liquids which contained polychlorinated biphenyl -PCB- were often used.
  • Known insulating liquids of this type have become generally known under the name Askarele. This insulating liquid ten have good electrical properties and are flame retardant, so that a fire of the electrical devices could be largely ruled out.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object, a Ver ⁇ drive of the type mentioned indicate that allows a simple 'and cost-effective disposal of contaminated equipment or components thereof.
  • the method should be suitable for the disposal of a wide variety of devices and the effort for preparing the disposal should be as low as possible.
  • the solution to this problem is, according to the invention, that the complete device is placed in a thermal treatment chamber and heated to at least one temperature which causes the pyrolysis of the environmentally harmful, hydrocarbon-containing material, and that the pyrolysis gas produced is heated to at least one temperature
  • the heated combustion chamber is introduced and thermally worked up. After the mechanical removal of the environmentally harmful, hydrocarbon-containing material, in particular after the discharge of liquid material, the device is thus subjected to pyrolysis and the pyrolysis gas formed is burned at high temperatures, preferably at temperatures above 1100 ° C.
  • Pyrolysis has the advantage of a simple removal of the material in the form of pyrolysis gas from the device introduced into the treatment chamber, a prior disassembly of the device into its components being unnecessary, while the thermal processing of the pyrolysis gas in the combustion chamber leads to environmentally compatible or at least largely environmentally compatible residues.
  • pyrolysis is understood to mean both degassing with exclusion of air and gasification in the presence of oxygen-containing gases. It should also be noted that the term does not include environmentally harmful, hydrocarbonaceous material, radioactive material.
  • Preferred developments of the method according to the invention consist in that the device is heated to 300 to 800 ° C. and the material is degassed in an inert or reducing atmosphere, or that the device is heated to 600 to 1000 ° C. and the material in the presence of Oxygen, especially atmospheric oxygen, is gasified.
  • the gasification it is expedient for the gasification to take place in the presence of an amount of oxygen which is only sufficient for the partial combustion of the material and which preferably accounts for 30 to 60% of the amount required for complete combustion.
  • a particularly preferred development of the invention is that as the combustion chamber. Afterburner of a hazardous waste incinerator is used. The devices are thus disposed of in the immediate vicinity of a hazardous waste incineration plant, and the pyrolysis gas is fed to the hazardous waste incineration plant for processing. As a result, the outlay for carrying out the method according to the invention is reduced even further, to a minimum that is hardly to be undercut. Further advantages and features of the method according to the invention emerge from the following description of a system serving as an exemplary embodiment, which is suitable for carrying out the method and is shown in a very simplified manner in the drawing.
  • the treatment chamber 10 is formed in a cuboid housing 12, the walls of which are provided with thermal insulation 14.
  • the vertical wall 16 on the left in the drawing is easily detachably and gas-tightly attached to the housing 12, so that after its removal the device 18 to be disposed of, in the present example an electrical transformer, in its entirety easily into the treatment chamber 10 can be introduced.
  • radiators 20 are arranged at a distance from the device 18 in the vicinity of the walls of the housing, which are electrically or by gas, so that the treatment chamber and the device can be heated by indirect heat exchange.
  • the treatment chamber 10 is arranged in the vicinity of a hazardous waste incineration plant 22.
  • This has a combustion chamber 24, into which the special waste intended for combustion and combustion air are introduced in the direction of arrows 26 and 28, respectively.
  • the combustion chamber 24 is connected at the top by a flue gas pipe 30 to a combustion chamber 32, which serves as an afterburning chamber.
  • At least one burner 34 is also arranged in the afterburning chamber and is used to carry out and / or support the afterburning of the supplied flue gases.
  • the combustion chamber 32 is also provided with an exhaust gas duct 36 which is connected to a chimney (not shown).
  • the upper area of the treatment chamber 10 is connected by a pyrolysis gas line 38 with an inserted shut-off device 40 to the combustion chamber 32 serving as an afterburning chamber.
  • the outlet of the pyrolysis gas line 38 is arranged in the vicinity of the burner 34.
  • a second pyrolysis gas line 42 with an inserted second shut-off element 44 is connected to the pyrolysis gas line 38.
  • This second pyrolysis gas line opens into the combustion chamber 24.
  • the left wall 16 of the treatment chamber 10 is removed and the device 18 is inserted into the treatment chamber with the device cover 46 open.
  • the opening of the device should take place so far that during the pyrolysis process the pyrolysis gases, which originate from the material present in the interior of the device, can easily pass into the treatment chamber 10.
  • the left wall 16 is again applied gas-tight to the housing 12 so that the treatment of the device 18 can take place.
  • the radiators 20 are put into operation and the device as a whole is heated to the intended pyrolysis temperature.
  • the material which is harmful to the environment and contains hydrocarbons in the present exemplary embodiment insulating oil, is pyrolyzed and the pyrolysis gases formed pass into the treatment chamber 10.
  • the pyrolysis gases are introduced from the treatment chamber 10 through the pyrolysis gas line 38, with the shut-off element 40 open and the shut-off element 44 closed, into the combustion chamber 32 serving as an afterburning chamber.
  • the special waste incineration plant 22 is in operation, and the flue gases coming from the combustion chamber 24 are afterburned in the combustion chamber 32 serving as the afterburning chamber with the help of the burner 34.
  • the pyrolysis gases introduced are also burned or processed into environmentally compatible products in the afterburning chamber. The end products of the combustion leave the combustion chamber 32 through the exhaust gas duct 36 and are released into the environment through the chimney (not shown).
  • the pyrolysis gas is introduced into the combustion chamber 24 and, together with the hazardous waste, is subjected to a combustion or thermal treatment.
  • the residues remaining after the combustion or thermal treatment then flow together with the hazardous waste smoke gases into the combustion chamber 32 serving as an afterburning chamber and are then treated further, as described above. In this way, the pyrolysis gases are subjected to a double thermal treatment.
  • the treatment chamber 10 is flushed with nitrogen and filled with it before it is started up.
  • a line 50 with an inserted shut-off device. 52 nitrogen removed from a gas container 54 and introduced into the treatment chamber 10 below.
  • the air displaced in this way of the treatment chamber 10 is discharged through a line 56 arranged in the upper area with an inserted shut-off element 58 into the surroundings or, if necessary, into the combustion chamber 32 serving as an afterburning chamber. If the entire treatment chamber 10 is filled with nitrogen in this way, the shut-off devices 52 and 58 are closed and the treatment chamber 10 is put into operation.
  • the device 18 is to be treated in the presence of oxygen and the material is to be gasified, it is not necessary to introduce nitrogen into the treatment chamber 10. Instead, outside air is drawn in by a blower or a compressor 60 during operation of the treatment chamber and is conveyed through line 62 into the treatment chamber 10.
  • the control and shut-off device 64 arranged in line 62 is set such that the air is conveyed into the treatment chamber with the desired mass flow.
  • the radiators 20 are taken out of operation and the shut-off devices 40 and 44 are closed.
  • the treatment chamber is preferably flushed with nitrogen and then the left wall 16 of the housing is detached and the device 18 is removed from the treatment chamber, so that the system is ready for receiving an untreated device again is.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Process for depolluting an appliance, in particular an electrical appliance. Appliances contaminated by hydrocarbon-containing material harmful to the environment often have to be stored in special waste disposal dumps in order to be depolluted, which leads to considerable expenditure. According to the present invention, the appliances are heated in a thermal processing chamber (10) to a temperature causing the material to be pyrolyzed; the pyrolysis gas thus produced is directed into at least one combustion chamber (24, 32) and thermally reprocessed. Electrical appliances which are contaminated by a PCB-containing liquid dielectric in particular can thus be cleaned and depolluted in a simple manner.

Description

Verfahren zum Entsorgen eines Gerätes Procedure for disposing of a device

Beschreibungdescription

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Entsorgen eines Gerätes, insbesondere elektrischen Gerätes, das mit um¬ weltschädlichem, kohlenwasserstoffhaltigem, insbesondere flüssigem Material kontaminiert ist.The invention relates to a method for disposing of a device, in particular electrical device, which is contaminated with environmentally harmful, hydrocarbon-containing, in particular liquid material.

Der Begriff "Gerät" im Sinne vorliegender Erfindung um¬ faßt sowohl das Gerät in seiner Gesamtheit als auch Be¬ standteile eines solchen Gerätes, und der Begriff "elek¬ trisches Gerät" soll hauptsächlich Transformatoren, elektrische Drosseln oder Kondensatoren umfassen. In elektrischen Geräten dieser Art, die für den Einsatz in. Stro versorgungs- oder Verteilungsanlagen bestimmt wa¬ ren, wurden oft Isolierflüssigkeiten eingesetzt, die polychloriertes Biphenyl -PCB- enthielten. Bekannte Iso¬ lierflüssigkeiten dieser Art sind allgemein unter dem Namen Askarele bekanntgeworden. Diese Isolierflussigkei- ten besitzen gute elektrische Eigenschaften und eine schwere Entflammbarkeit, so daß ein Brand der elektri¬ schen Geräte weitgehend ausgeschlossen werden konnte. Es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, daß die vorgenannten Isolier¬ flüssigkeiten infolge ihres PCB-Gehaltes physiologische und Umweltgefahren mit sich bringen, so daß ein Aus¬ tausch der Transformatoren, Drosseln oder Kondensatoren gegen solche Geräte erforderlich ist, deren Isolierflüs- sigkeiten bezüglich der Umwelt keine Schwierigkeiten mit sich bringen. Mit dem Austausch dieser elektrischen Ge¬ räte ergibt sich jedoch das Problem, wie die mit PCB verunreinigten Geräte auf einfache Weise beseitigt oder verschrottet werden können.The term "device" in the sense of the present invention encompasses both the device as a whole and components of such a device, and the term "electrical device" is intended primarily to include transformers, electrical chokes or capacitors. In electrical devices of this type, which were intended for use in power supply or distribution systems, insulating liquids which contained polychlorinated biphenyl -PCB- were often used. Known insulating liquids of this type have become generally known under the name Askarele. This insulating liquid ten have good electrical properties and are flame retardant, so that a fire of the electrical devices could be largely ruled out. However, it has been shown that the above-mentioned insulating liquids, due to their PCB content, entail physiological and environmental risks, so that an exchange of the transformers, chokes or capacitors against devices is necessary whose insulating liquids do not have any environmental effects To bring difficulties. With the exchange of these electrical devices, however, the problem arises of how the devices contaminated with PCB can be removed or scrapped in a simple manner.

Für die Entsorgung von unbrauchbarer, PCB-haltiger Iso¬ lierflussigkeit und PCB-getränkten oder PCB-benetzten Geräten bestehen strenge Vorschriften, die nur eine Ver¬ nichtung in einer Sondermüll-Verbrennungsanlage oder die Einlagerung in eine Sonderdeponie zulassen. Um diese aufwendige Beseitigung auf ein Minimum zu beschränken, ist es wünschenswert, diese Geräte zu säubern. Während sich die Isolierflüssigkeit durch Verbrennen ohne Schä¬ digung der Umwelt beseitigen läßt, ist die Entsorgung der Geräte und insbesondere die Entsorgung der festen Isolierteile dieser Geräte, die meistens aus Isolierpa¬ pier, Preßspan, Hartpapier, Hartgewebe, Isolierholz oder Kunstharz-Preßholz bestehen, weit schwieriger. Da diese Isolierteile mit der Isolierflussigkeit des elektrischen Gerätes in Berührung standen, sind diese Isolierteile mit PCB-haltigem Isoliermittel durchtränkt und einer Reinigung kaum zugänglich. Letzteres gilt auch für jene Isolierflüssigkeitsreste, die nach dem Entfernen der Isolierflussigkeit in Spalten oder Ritzen des elektri¬ schen Geräts zurückbleiben. Die vorbeschriebenen Probleme oder Probleme ähnlicher Art ergeben sich auch bei der Entsorgung von nicht elek¬ trischen Geräten, wie Behälter, Pumpen, Motorgetrieben oder dergleichen, die mit εchadstoffhaltigem Schmieröl, Schneidöl, Hydrauliköl, Reinigungsflüssigkeiten oder dergleichen kontaminiert sind. Außer den bereits genann¬ ten- polychlorierten Biphenylen enthalten die vorgenann¬ ten Öle oder Flüssigkeiten oft polychorierte Dibenzodio- xine und Dibenzofurane.There are strict regulations for the disposal of useless, PCB-containing insulating liquid and PCB-soaked or PCB-wetted devices, which only permit destruction in a hazardous waste incineration plant or storage in a special landfill. In order to keep this elaborate disposal to a minimum, it is desirable to clean these devices. While the insulating liquid can be removed by burning without damaging the environment, the disposal of the devices and in particular the disposal of the solid insulating parts of these devices, which mostly consist of insulating paper, pressboard, hard paper, hard tissue, insulating wood or synthetic resin pressed wood, far more difficult. Since these insulating parts were in contact with the insulating liquid of the electrical device, these insulating parts are saturated with PCB-containing insulating material and are hardly accessible for cleaning. The latter also applies to those insulating liquid residues that remain in gaps or cracks in the electrical device after the insulating liquid has been removed. The above-described problems or problems of a similar nature also arise in the disposal of non-electrical devices, such as containers, pumps, motor gears or the like, which are contaminated with lubricant oil containing cutting agents, cutting oil, hydraulic oil, cleaning fluids or the like. In addition to the polychlorinated biphenyls already mentioned, the abovementioned oils or liquids often contain polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Ver¬ fahren der genannten Art anzugeben, das eine einfache' und kostengünstige Entsorgung von kontaminierten Geräten oder deren Bauteile gestattet. Insbesondere soll das Verfahren für die Entsorgung von Geräten der verschie¬ densten Art geeignet und der Aufwand für die Vorberei¬ tung der Entsorgung möglichst gering sein.The invention is therefore based on the object, a Ver¬ drive of the type mentioned indicate that allows a simple 'and cost-effective disposal of contaminated equipment or components thereof. In particular, the method should be suitable for the disposal of a wide variety of devices and the effort for preparing the disposal should be as low as possible.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe besteht erfindungsgemäß darin, daß das komplete Gerät in eine thermische Behandlungs¬ kammer eingebracht und mindestens auf eine die Pyrolyse des umweltschädlichen, kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Materi¬ als bewirkende Temperatur erhitzt wird, und daß das ent¬ standene Pyrolysegas in mindestens eine auf hohe Tempe¬ raturen aufgeheizte Brennkammer eingeleitet und ther¬ misch aufgearbeitet wird. Das Gerät wird also nach dem mechanischen Entfernen des umweltschädlichen, kohlenwas¬ serstoffhaltigen Materials, insbesondere nach dem Ablas¬ sen von flüssigem Material, einer Pyrolyse unterworfen und das entstandene Pyrolysegas bei hohen Temperaturen, vorzugsweise bei Temperaturen über 1100° C, verbrannt. Durch die Pyrolyse ergibt sich der Vorteil einer einfa¬ chen Entfernung des Materials in Form von Pyrolysegas aus dem in die Behandlungskammer eingebrachten Gerät, wobei eine vorherige Zerlegung des Gerätes in seine Be¬ standteile nicht erforderlich ist, während die thermi¬ sche Aufarbeitung des Pyrolysegases in der Brennkammer zu umweltverträglichen oder doch zumindest weitgehend umweltverträglichen Rückständen führt. Zu bemerken ist, daß hier unter dem Begriff "Pyrolyse" sowohl eine Entgasung unter Luftabschluß als auch eine Vergasung in Anwesenheit von sauerstoffhaltigen Gasen verstanden sein soll. Auch ist zu beachten, daß der Be¬ griff umweltschädliches, kohlenwasserstoffhaltiges Mate¬ rial radioatives Material nicht umfaßt.The solution to this problem is, according to the invention, that the complete device is placed in a thermal treatment chamber and heated to at least one temperature which causes the pyrolysis of the environmentally harmful, hydrocarbon-containing material, and that the pyrolysis gas produced is heated to at least one temperature The heated combustion chamber is introduced and thermally worked up. After the mechanical removal of the environmentally harmful, hydrocarbon-containing material, in particular after the discharge of liquid material, the device is thus subjected to pyrolysis and the pyrolysis gas formed is burned at high temperatures, preferably at temperatures above 1100 ° C. Pyrolysis has the advantage of a simple removal of the material in the form of pyrolysis gas from the device introduced into the treatment chamber, a prior disassembly of the device into its components being unnecessary, while the thermal processing of the pyrolysis gas in the combustion chamber leads to environmentally compatible or at least largely environmentally compatible residues. It should be noted that the term "pyrolysis" is understood to mean both degassing with exclusion of air and gasification in the presence of oxygen-containing gases. It should also be noted that the term does not include environmentally harmful, hydrocarbonaceous material, radioactive material.

Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfah¬ rens bestehen darin, daß das Gerät auf 300 bis 800° C aufgeheizt und das Material in inerter oder reduzieren¬ der Atmosphäre entgast wird, oder daß das Gerät auf 600 bis 1000° C aufgeheizt und das Material in Anwesenheit von Sauerstoff, insbesondere Luftsauerstoff, vergast wird. Diese Weiterbildungen bieten die Möglichkeit, das für die Pyrolyse des jeweiligen Materials geeignete Py- rolyseverfahren auszuwählen.Preferred developments of the method according to the invention consist in that the device is heated to 300 to 800 ° C. and the material is degassed in an inert or reducing atmosphere, or that the device is heated to 600 to 1000 ° C. and the material in the presence of Oxygen, especially atmospheric oxygen, is gasified. These further developments offer the possibility of selecting the pyrolysis process suitable for the pyrolysis of the respective material.

Wird das Material vergast, so ist es zweckmäßig, daß die Vergasung in Anwesenheit einer Sauerstoffmenge erfolgt, die nur für die teilweise Verbrennung des Materials aus¬ reicht und vorzugsweise 30 bis 60 % der für eine voll¬ ständige Verbrennung erforderlichen Menge ausmacht.If the material is gasified, it is expedient for the gasification to take place in the presence of an amount of oxygen which is only sufficient for the partial combustion of the material and which preferably accounts for 30 to 60% of the amount required for complete combustion.

Eine besonders bevorzugte Weiterbildung der Erfindung besteht darin, daß als Brennkammer die. Nachbrennkammer einer Sondermüll-Verbrennungsanlage benutzt wird. Die Entsorgung der Geräte wird also in unmittelbarer Nähe einer Sondermüll-Verbrennungsanlage durchgeführt, und das Pyrolysegas der Sondermüll-Verbrennungsanlage zur Aufarbeitung zugeleitet. Hierdurch wird der Aufwand für die Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens noch weiter verringert, und zwar auf ein kaum zu unterbieten¬ des Minimum. Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale des erfindungsgemäßen Ver¬ fahrens gehen aus der folgenden Beschreibung einer als Ausführungsbeispiel dienenden Anlage hervor, die für die Durchführung des Verfahrens geeignet und in der Zeich¬ nung sehr vereinfacht dargestellt ist.A particularly preferred development of the invention is that as the combustion chamber. Afterburner of a hazardous waste incinerator is used. The devices are thus disposed of in the immediate vicinity of a hazardous waste incineration plant, and the pyrolysis gas is fed to the hazardous waste incineration plant for processing. As a result, the outlay for carrying out the method according to the invention is reduced even further, to a minimum that is hardly to be undercut. Further advantages and features of the method according to the invention emerge from the following description of a system serving as an exemplary embodiment, which is suitable for carrying out the method and is shown in a very simplified manner in the drawing.

Gemäß der Zeichnung ist die Behandlungskammer 10 in ei¬ nem quaderförmigen Gehäuse 12 ausgebildet, dessen Wände mit einer thermischen Isolierung 14 versehen sind. Die in der Zeichnung linke vertikale Wand 16 ist leicht lös¬ bar und gasdicht am Gehäuse 12 befestigt, so daß nach deren Entfernung das zu entsorgende Gerät 18, im vorlie¬ genden Beispiel ein elektrischer Transformator, in sei¬ ner Gesamtheit leicht in die Behandlungskammer 10 einge¬ bracht werden kann. In der Behandlungskammer sind mit Abstand zum Gerät 18 in der Nähe der Wände des Gehäuses 12 Heizkörper 20 angeordnet, die elektrisch oder durch Gas beheizbar sind, so daß die Behandlungskammer und das Gerät durch indirekten Wärmetausch erhitzt werden kann.According to the drawing, the treatment chamber 10 is formed in a cuboid housing 12, the walls of which are provided with thermal insulation 14. The vertical wall 16 on the left in the drawing is easily detachably and gas-tightly attached to the housing 12, so that after its removal the device 18 to be disposed of, in the present example an electrical transformer, in its entirety easily into the treatment chamber 10 can be introduced. In the treatment chamber 12 radiators 20 are arranged at a distance from the device 18 in the vicinity of the walls of the housing, which are electrically or by gas, so that the treatment chamber and the device can be heated by indirect heat exchange.

Die Behandlungskammer 10 ist in der Nachbarschaft einer Sondermüll-Verbrennungsanlage 22 angeordnet. Diese be¬ sitzt eine Brennkammer 24, in die der für die Verbren¬ nung vorgesehene Sondermüll sowie Verbrennungsluft in Richtung der Pfeile 26 bzw. 28 eingebracht werden. Die Brennkammer 24 ist oben durch ein Rauchgasrohr 30 mit einer Brennkammer 32 verbunden, die als Nachbrennkammer dient. In der Nachbrennkammer ist noch mindestens ein Brenner 34 angeordnet, der zur Durchführung und/oder Unterstützung der Nachverbrennung der zugeführten Rauch¬ gase dient. Die Brennkammer 32 ist schließlich noch mit einem Abgaskanal 36 versehen, der mit einem nicht darge¬ stellten Kamin in Verbindung steht. Der obere Bereich der Behandlungskammer 10 ist durch eine Pyrolysegasleitung 38 mit eingefügtem Absperrorgan 40 mit der als Nachbrennkammer dienenden Brennkammer 32 verbunden. Hierbei ist die Ausmündung der Pyrolysegas- leitung 38 in der Nähe des Brenners 34 angeordnet.The treatment chamber 10 is arranged in the vicinity of a hazardous waste incineration plant 22. This has a combustion chamber 24, into which the special waste intended for combustion and combustion air are introduced in the direction of arrows 26 and 28, respectively. The combustion chamber 24 is connected at the top by a flue gas pipe 30 to a combustion chamber 32, which serves as an afterburning chamber. At least one burner 34 is also arranged in the afterburning chamber and is used to carry out and / or support the afterburning of the supplied flue gases. Finally, the combustion chamber 32 is also provided with an exhaust gas duct 36 which is connected to a chimney (not shown). The upper area of the treatment chamber 10 is connected by a pyrolysis gas line 38 with an inserted shut-off device 40 to the combustion chamber 32 serving as an afterburning chamber. Here, the outlet of the pyrolysis gas line 38 is arranged in the vicinity of the burner 34.

Stromabwärts des Absperrorgans 40 ist eine zweite Pyro¬ lysegasleitung 42 mit eingefügtem zweiten Absperrorgan 44 an die Pyrolysegasleitung 38 angeschlossen. Diese zweite Pyrolysegasleitung mündet in die Brennkammer 24.Downstream of the shut-off element 40, a second pyrolysis gas line 42 with an inserted second shut-off element 44 is connected to the pyrolysis gas line 38. This second pyrolysis gas line opens into the combustion chamber 24.

Zur Entsorgung des Gerätes 18 -oder dessen Bestandteile- wird die linke Wand 16 der Behandlungskammer 10 ent¬ fernt, und das Gerät 18 mit geöffnetem Geräteverschluß- deckel 46 in die Behandlungskammer eingebracht. Die Öff¬ nung des Gerätes soll hierbei soweit erfolgen, daß wäh¬ rend des Pyrolysevorgangs die Pyrolysegase, die von dem im Innern des Geräts vorhandenem Material ausgehen, leicht in die Behandlungskammer 10 übertreten können. Jetzt wird die linke Wand 16 wieder auf das Gehäuse 12 gasdicht aufgebracht, so daß die Behandlung des Gerätes 18 stattfinden kann.To dispose of the device 18 - or its components - the left wall 16 of the treatment chamber 10 is removed and the device 18 is inserted into the treatment chamber with the device cover 46 open. The opening of the device should take place so far that during the pyrolysis process the pyrolysis gases, which originate from the material present in the interior of the device, can easily pass into the treatment chamber 10. Now the left wall 16 is again applied gas-tight to the housing 12 so that the treatment of the device 18 can take place.

Hierzu werden die Heizkörper 20 in Betrieb genommen und das Gerät in seiner Gesamtheit auf die vorgesehene Pyro¬ lysetemperatur aufgeheizt. Hierbei wird das im Gerät enthaltene, umweitschädliche, kohlenwasserstoffhaltige Material, im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel Isolieröl, pyrolysiert und die entstandenen Pyrolysegase treten in die Behandlungskammer 10 über.For this purpose, the radiators 20 are put into operation and the device as a whole is heated to the intended pyrolysis temperature. In this case, the material which is harmful to the environment and contains hydrocarbons, in the present exemplary embodiment insulating oil, is pyrolyzed and the pyrolysis gases formed pass into the treatment chamber 10.

Von der Behandlungskammer 10 werden die Pyrolysegase durch die Pyrolysegasleitung 38 bei geöffnetem Absper¬ rorgan 40 und geschlossenem Absperrorgan 44 in die als Nachbrennkammer dienende Brennkammer 32 eingeleitet. Gleichzeitig ist die Sondermüll-Verbrennungsanlage 22 in Betrieb, und die von der Brennkammer 24 kommenden Rauch¬ gase werden in der als Nachbrennkammer dienenden Brenn¬ kammer 32 mit Hilfe des Brenners 34 nachverbrannt. Zu¬ sätzlich werden in der Nachbrennkammer noch die einge¬ leiteten Pyrolysegase zu umweltverträglichen Produkten mitverbrannt oder verarbeitet. Die Endprodukte der Ver¬ brennung verlassen die Brennkammer 32 durch den Abgaska- nal 36 und werden durch das nicht dargestellte Kamin in die Umgebung abgegeben.The pyrolysis gases are introduced from the treatment chamber 10 through the pyrolysis gas line 38, with the shut-off element 40 open and the shut-off element 44 closed, into the combustion chamber 32 serving as an afterburning chamber. At the same time, the special waste incineration plant 22 is in operation, and the flue gases coming from the combustion chamber 24 are afterburned in the combustion chamber 32 serving as the afterburning chamber with the help of the burner 34. In addition, the pyrolysis gases introduced are also burned or processed into environmentally compatible products in the afterburning chamber. The end products of the combustion leave the combustion chamber 32 through the exhaust gas duct 36 and are released into the environment through the chimney (not shown).

Ist eine besonders wirksame Weiterverarbeitung der Pyro¬ lysegase erforderlich, so ist es zweckmäßig, das Absper¬ rorgan 40 zu schließen und das Absperrorgan 44 dagegen zu öffnen. Jetzt wird das Pyrolysegas in die Brennkammer 24 eingeleitet und zusammen mit dem Sondermüll einer Verbrennung oder thermischen Behandlung unterworfen. Die nach der Verbrennung oder thermischen Behandlung ver¬ bleibenden Rückstände strömen dann zusammen mit den Son- dermüllrauchgasen in die als Nachbrennkammer dienende Brennkammer 32 und werden dann, wie weiter oben be¬ schrieben, weiter behandelt. Auf diese Weise werden die Pyrolysegase einer doppelten thermischen Behandlung un¬ terworfen.If a particularly effective further processing of the pyrolysis gases is required, it is expedient to close the shut-off element 40 and to open the shut-off element 44. Now the pyrolysis gas is introduced into the combustion chamber 24 and, together with the hazardous waste, is subjected to a combustion or thermal treatment. The residues remaining after the combustion or thermal treatment then flow together with the hazardous waste smoke gases into the combustion chamber 32 serving as an afterburning chamber and are then treated further, as described above. In this way, the pyrolysis gases are subjected to a double thermal treatment.

Soll das Gerät 18 in inerter Atmosphäre entgast werden, so wird die Behandlungskammer 10 vor ihrer Inbetriebnah¬ me mit Stickstoff gespült und mit diesem gefüllt. Hierzu wird durch eine Leitung 50 mit eingefügtem Absperrorgan . 52 Stickstoff einem Gasbehälter 54 entnommen und in die Behandlungskammer 10 unten eingeleitet. Die hierdurch verdrängte Luft der Behandlungskammer 10 wird durch eine im oberen Bereich angeordnete Leitung 56 mit eingefügtem Absperrorgan 58 in die Umgebung oder erforderlichenfalls in die als Nachbrennkammer dienende Brennkammer 32 abge¬ leitet. Ist auf diese Weise die gesamte Behandlungskam¬ mer 10 mit Stickstoff gefüllt, so werden die Absperror¬ gane 52 und 58 geschlossen und die Behandlungskammer 10 in Betrieb genommen. Soll das Gerät 18 dagegen in Anwesenheit von Sauerstoff behandelt und sc it das Material vergast werden, so ist das Einbringen von Stickstoff in die Behandlungskammer 10 nicht erforderlich. Stattdessen wird während des Be¬ triebs der Behandlungskammer Außenluft durch ein Gebläse oder einen Verdichter 60 angesaugt und durch die Leitung 62 in die Behandlungskammer 10 gefördert. Hierbei ist das in der Leitung 62 angeordnete Regel- und Absperror- gan 64 so eingestellt, daß die Luft mit dem gewünschten Massenstrom in die Behandlungskammer gefördert wird.If the device 18 is to be degassed in an inert atmosphere, the treatment chamber 10 is flushed with nitrogen and filled with it before it is started up. For this purpose, a line 50 with an inserted shut-off device. 52 nitrogen removed from a gas container 54 and introduced into the treatment chamber 10 below. The air displaced in this way of the treatment chamber 10 is discharged through a line 56 arranged in the upper area with an inserted shut-off element 58 into the surroundings or, if necessary, into the combustion chamber 32 serving as an afterburning chamber. If the entire treatment chamber 10 is filled with nitrogen in this way, the shut-off devices 52 and 58 are closed and the treatment chamber 10 is put into operation. If, on the other hand, the device 18 is to be treated in the presence of oxygen and the material is to be gasified, it is not necessary to introduce nitrogen into the treatment chamber 10. Instead, outside air is drawn in by a blower or a compressor 60 during operation of the treatment chamber and is conveyed through line 62 into the treatment chamber 10. Here, the control and shut-off device 64 arranged in line 62 is set such that the air is conveyed into the treatment chamber with the desired mass flow.

Nachdem das Gerät 18 entsorgt ist, werden die Heizkörper 20 außer Betrieb genommen und die Absperrorgane 40 bzw. 44 geschlossen. Nach dem Abkühlen der Behandlungs ämmer 10 und des Gerätes 18 wird die Behandlungskammer vor¬ zugsweise mit Stickstoff gespült und danach die linke Wand 16 des Gehäuses gelöst und das Gerät 18 aus der Behandlungskammer entfernt, so daß die Anlage für die Aufnahme eines unbehandelten Gerätes wieder bereit ist.After the device 18 is disposed of, the radiators 20 are taken out of operation and the shut-off devices 40 and 44 are closed. After the treatment chambers 10 and the device 18 have cooled, the treatment chamber is preferably flushed with nitrogen and then the left wall 16 of the housing is detached and the device 18 is removed from the treatment chamber, so that the system is ready for receiving an untreated device again is.

Da das Gerät jetzt vom umweltschädlichen, kohlenwasser¬ stoffhaltigen Material befreit ist, unterliegt es bezüg¬ lich einer Verschrottung oder sonstigen Weiterverarbei¬ tung keinen behördlichen Auflagen mehr. Since the device is now freed from the environmentally harmful, hydrocarbon-containing material, it is no longer subject to any official requirements with regard to scrapping or other processing.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims 1. Verfahren zum Entsorgen eines Gerätes, insbeson¬ dere eines elektrischen Gerätes, das mit umweltschädli¬ chem, kohlenwasserstoffhaltigem, insbesondere flüssigem Material kontaminiert ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gerät (18) in eine thermische Behandlungskammer (10) eingebracht und mindestens auf eine die Pyrolyse des Ma¬ terials bewirkende Temperatur erhitzt wird, und daß das entstandene Pyrolysegas in mindestens eine mit hoher Temperatur arbeitende Brennkammer (24, 32) eingeleitet und thermisch aufgearbeitet wird.1. A method for disposing of a device, in particular an electrical device which is contaminated with environmentally harmful, hydrocarbon-containing, in particular liquid material, characterized in that the device (18) is introduced into a thermal treatment chamber (10) and at least one the temperature causing the pyrolysis of the material is heated, and that the pyrolysis gas formed is introduced into at least one combustion chamber (24, 32) operating at high temperature and thermally worked up. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, daß das Gerät (18) auf 300 bis 800° C aufgeheizt und das Material in inerter Atmosphäre entgast wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the device (18) heated to 300 to 800 ° C and the material is degassed in an inert atmosphere. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, daß das Gerät (18) auf 600 bis 1000° C aufgeheizt und das Material in Anwesenheit von Sauerstoff, insbe¬ sondere Luftsauerstoff, vergast wird.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the device (18) is heated to 600 to 1000 ° C and the material is gasified in the presence of oxygen, in particular atmospheric oxygen. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, daß das Material in Anwesenheit einer Sauerstoff¬ menge vergast wird, die für die teilweise Verbrennung des Materials ausreicht.4. The method according to claim 3, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the material is gasified in the presence of an amount of oxygen ¬ sufficient for the partial combustion of the material. 5. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Pyrolysegas in eine Brennkammer (24, 32) einer Sondermüll-Verbrennungs¬ anlage (22) eingeleitet wird. lo5. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the pyrolysis gas is introduced into a combustion chamber (24, 32) of a hazardous waste combustion plant (22). lo 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, daß das Pyrolysegas in eine als Nachbrennkammer dienende Brennkammer (32) der Sondermüll-Verbrennungsan¬ lage (22) eingeleitet wird.6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the pyrolysis gas is introduced into a combustion chamber (32) of the hazardous waste combustion system (22) serving as an afterburning chamber. 7. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zu entsorgende Gerät (18) insbesondere ein Transformator oder ein Kondensator ist, der zunächst in der Behandlungskammer (10) durch die pyrolytische Behandlung en bloc dekontaminiert wird und anschließend gefahrlos verschrottet wird. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device to be disposed of (18) is in particular a transformer or a capacitor which is first decontaminated en bloc in the treatment chamber (10) by the pyrolytic treatment and is then safely scrapped.
PCT/EP1989/000790 1988-07-15 1989-07-08 Process for depolluting an appliance Ceased WO1990000700A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP3824014.9 1988-07-15
DE3824014A DE3824014A1 (en) 1988-07-15 1988-07-15 METHOD FOR DISPOSING A DEVICE

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WO1990000700A1 true WO1990000700A1 (en) 1990-01-25

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EP3446799A1 (en) * 2017-07-25 2019-02-27 Seccon E.U. Method for recovering valuable materials from recycling objects
US10640711B2 (en) 2018-06-05 2020-05-05 Chz Technologies, Llc Multistage thermolysis method for safe and efficient conversion of treated wood waste sources

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