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WO1990000749A1 - Procede et appareil de detection selective d'objets - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de detection selective d'objets Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1990000749A1
WO1990000749A1 PCT/GB1988/000556 GB8800556W WO9000749A1 WO 1990000749 A1 WO1990000749 A1 WO 1990000749A1 GB 8800556 W GB8800556 W GB 8800556W WO 9000749 A1 WO9000749 A1 WO 9000749A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
aerials
detection region
aerial
detection
signals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB1988/000556
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Christopher Sorrel Jennings
Thomas Edward Cross
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zetetic International Ltd
Original Assignee
Zetetic International Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to GB8607813A priority Critical patent/GB2199715B/en
Application filed by Zetetic International Ltd filed Critical Zetetic International Ltd
Priority to AU19960/88A priority patent/AU622114B2/en
Priority to EP19880905971 priority patent/EP0424371A1/fr
Priority to JP63505896A priority patent/JPH03505781A/ja
Priority to PCT/GB1988/000556 priority patent/WO1990000749A1/fr
Publication of WO1990000749A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990000749A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/04—Systems determining presence of a target
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/12—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with electromagnetic waves

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of selective detection of objects made from particular types of material.
  • the invention finds application in detecting objects made of a selected type of material when present with and possibly hidden by material of a different type, e.g. in screening baggage for firearms, in the mapping of mineral seams, in locating buried pipes and in gall stone searches.
  • material of a different type e.g. in screening baggage for firearms, in the mapping of mineral seams, in locating buried pipes and in gall stone searches.
  • Metal detection for security purposes generally has one of two aims, either to detect the theft of metallic objects, such as quantities of precious metal, or to detect objects which could be used offensively, e.g. firearms.
  • Precious metal theft often involves the repeated removal of small quantities of metal which the thief con ⁇ ceals on his person before leaving the security area.
  • Common security systems involve some measure of manual searching of persons/ob ects leaving the security area since existing metal detection systems have poor detection perform ⁇ ance for light, small metallic objects.
  • Screening of personnel and baggage for offensive metallic objects usually uses an induction loop.
  • the person/ob ect passes through the induction loop and any sufficiently large metal object on the person/object will alter the magnetic field, changing the induced voltage across the induction loop. This voltage change is used to signal the presence of metal on the person/object. Since no information is given about the location or size of the object passengers may be subjected to a search even when they are carrying innocent metal objects.
  • the present invention provides a method of selectively detecting objects comprising: transmitting electromagnetic radiation into a predetermined detection region, detecting a parameter of the electromagnetic radiation at a plurality of spatially separated locations in the detection region, producing signals indicative of the values of the detected parameter, and processing said signals to produce further signals representative of the contents of the detection region.
  • the present invention also provides detection apparatus comprising: a plurality of aerials operable in a transmittin and in a receiving mode and arranged to define a detection region, a source of electromagnetic oscillations, connecte switchably to each of the aerials, control means for determining in which mode each of the aerials is to operat at a particular time and for connecting a selected one of the aerials to the source of electromagnetic oscillation, monitor means for producing signals indicative of a parameter of the electromagnetic radiation received by eac aerial in the receiving mode, and processing means for producing further signals representative of the contents of the detection region from the output of the monitor means.
  • the electromagnetic radiation is at radio frequencies.
  • the phase of the received signals provides information on the composition of the metallic object.
  • An advantage provided by embodiments of the invention is that the location of a detected metal object on a screened person/object can be found. Also small. light metallic objects are detectable using apparatus embodying the invention.
  • a further advantage provided by embodiments of the invention is that for screening people a low power may be employed (e.g. less than 0.01 watts) whereas for screening objects higher power embodiments may be used with simpler receiving circuitry.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show diagrammatically how a received radiation intensity pattern is affected by metallic objects placed in an array of aerials in one embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 3 shows a different arrangement of aerials in another embodiment of the invention:
  • Figures & a and 4b show security systems incorporating a further embodiment of the invention:
  • FIG 5 shows diagrammatically an arrangement of circuit elements suitable for use in the embodiment of Figure 4b.
  • Embodiments of the invention use the differences in reflectively between types of material at a particular frequency to selectively detect objects made of a chosen type of material.
  • embodiments of the invention use the property of metals (as highly electrically conductive materials) to reflect radiation at radio frequencies whereas less conductive materials are poorly reflective at those frequencies.
  • each of four aerials 1 define a detection region , one aerial transmitting receiving at chosen frequency, in this example circa 4GH Z . and the other aerials receiving the tran itted radiation.
  • Figure la shows the directional nature of the radiation from a dipole aerial The intensity of the wave radiated from such an aerial varies with the angle from the plane of the aerial accord ⁇ ing to equation (1 ) :
  • Placing a metallic object 2 in the detection region 5 as in Figure lb alters the pattern of received intensiti
  • the metallic object reflects radiation so that aerials laandlc receive increased intensities whereas aerial lg has a drastic decrease in received intensity. Varying the particular aerial which is transmitting produces a different received intensity pattern as shown in Figure lc (where aerial lb is receiving and aerial lc is now transmitting) .
  • the received intensity pattern is characteristic of the particular transmitting aerial, the location of the receiving aerials and the size and location of the metallic object 2 in the detection region - D
  • Figure 2 shows how the received intensity pattern is also determined by the shape of the metallic object 3 in the detection region.
  • Metallic objects in the detection region 5 of .the array of aerials can be effectively mapped in two . dimensions by transmitting radiation from each aerial in the array in turn, and measuring the intensities at each receiving aerial when each different transmitter is in operation.
  • the complete set of intensity measure ⁇ ments is characteristic of the objects in the detection region .
  • metallic objects will not be passed through the detection region 5 of metal detecting em- bodiments in isolation, but will be concealed or carried by or on other objects or persons.
  • the set of intensity measurements produced is characteristic of the whole object or person passed through the detection area.
  • the non-metallic materials composing the object or person which act to absorb and refract radiation. produce only small changes in the transmitted radiation at this frequency whereas the concealed or carried metallic objects act to determine the received intensity patterns to a relatively much greater extent.
  • Some element of mapping in three dimensions may be achieved in a number of different ways. One method which can be used is to have the person or object to be screened moved through the detection region while the whole mapping sequence is carried out a number of times.
  • mapping sequence may be carried out in two different ways with a stationary person or object to be screened. The first way is to operate the aerials as three separate systems and to carry out 3 separate mapping sequences with the aerials 10, 11 and 12. The second way is to transmit from each aerial in the array in turn and to measure received intensities at all of the other aerials for each different transmitter.
  • phase o the received signals may be measured in addition to or instead of the intensity.
  • the screening data is processed to provide useful information, the particular processing used depending on the application to which the apparatus is being put. More than one type of processing may be used in a single embodiment of the invention.
  • the complete set of screening data can be processed directly using a suitable algorithm to give information on the size, shape, mass and location of metal objects on the screened person/object.
  • the data can be processed by comparison with stored signals held in memory
  • Such processing can be performed in two ways termed Type I or Type II detection.
  • Type I detection the sets of intensity measurement for the screened object or person are processed and compared with stored sets of intensity measurements obtain ed for the same object or person at an earlier time. If the metallic objects associated with the screened object or person have altered between the two screenings the system detects and indicates the change. The system operator can then arrange to have the screened object or person searched manually. Type I detection could be employed to detect metal theft and to detect theft of confidential documents if these are produced on specially treated paper impregnated with metallic powder.
  • the sets of intensity measure ⁇ ments are processed and compared with stored sets of intensity measurements obtained by screening particular objects, such as firearms or their components.
  • the processing and comparing is arranged to detect intensity measurements representing particular metallic objects within the total set of intensity measurements represent ⁇ ing
  • Embodiments of the invention are arranged to detect such offensive objects regardless of the orientation of the object (for example by screening offensive objects in a number of positions and orientations and successively comparing measurements for each subsequently screened person or object with measurements from each of these screenings) .
  • Embodiments can be arranged to detect any of a number of offensive objects and to indicate which object is detected and whereabouts on the screened person/object.
  • FIG. a shows a security booth embodying the invention.
  • a personal identity card must be inserted into card reader 15 and an associated code number correctly manually entered on keyboard 16 before the booth entrance door 20 will open.
  • the person is mapped by the aerial array 1 as they walk through the booth and processor 30 compares the obtained intensity measurements with the stored measurements for the relevant identity code. If the person is carrying the same metal as usual the green light 22 will be lit and the exit door 21 to the booth opened. If not the person will be trapped in the booth until the system operator ascertains the reason for the discrepancy. Type II detection can also be carried out in this system.
  • Figure 4b shows a metal detector for Type II detec ⁇ tion only, e.g. for an airport check-in.
  • the processor 30 can be arranged to operate an alarm buzzer or light 25 to alert the system operator to the presence of an offensive object e.g. a firearm, or a display screen may be used to display the location of the offensive object on the screened person/object.
  • Figure 5 illustrates diammatrically one arrangement for carrying out the mapping sequences.in the embodiment of Figure- 4a .
  • This embodiment comprises an array of sixteen dipole aerials 1 each of length " ⁇ /2 and arranged in two facing banks of eight aerials.
  • a processor 30 controls the screening process, combining the functions of controlling the transmit/receive mode of each aerial, processing and comparing the sets of intensity measurements.
  • the processor 30 sends a control signal in the form of a 4-bit word to a transmit multiplexer 7 and simultaneously sends a 4-bit control signal to receive multiplexer S which multiplexers operate the sequential switching of the aerials in the array via circulators 4.
  • the processor instructs the transmit multiplexer 7 so that aerial la will transmit signals at 4GHz, supplied by the oscillator 6, for a set period of time and then the aerial lb will transmit for the set period of time and so on until all the aerial have transmitted .
  • the processor instructs the receive multiplexer S to successively measure the received signals at aerials lb to lp while aerial la is transmitting, then to successively measure the received signals at aerials la, lc to lp while the aerial lb is transmitting and so on until all of the aerials have transmitted.
  • the received signals pass from the receive multi ⁇ plexer 8 to a modulating circuit, an amplifier 16 and a detection circuit.
  • the frequency of the local oscillator 14 in the modulating circuit is chosen so that an inter ⁇ mediate frequency of roughly 30MHz will be output from the mixer 15.
  • the amplitude of each amplified modulated received signal is measured by a detector 17 and converted to an 8-bit data word by an analogue to digital converter l ⁇ .
  • the successive received signals, in the form of 8-bit words, are fed to the processor 30 where they are held in a memory.
  • the processor moves on to processing and comparison functions.
  • the processor already has stored signals in memory representing the set of received signals for this particular screened object/person obtained at an earlier time. Comparison of the two sets of received signals is carried out. If the processor finds a discrepancy between the two sets of signals it activates display 35 and a warning signal is displayed.
  • the processor may also be arranged to calculate the location of the object causing the discrepancy and output this location to the display.
  • the processor will have further stored signals representing at least one offensive metallic object in memory. These also are compared with the set of received signals from the screened object. If the comparison indicates that the offensive object is present in the screened object then the processor activates the display35to display a warning signal. The location of the offensive object may also be outputted to the display.
  • Figure 5 only indicates one arrangement for putting the invention into effect. Many different circuits may be used in practice. Considerable variation is also possible in the processing and comparison of the sets of received and stored signals. Embodiments of the invention need not use all of the received signals in the comparisons nor need the comparisons be arranged to look for an exactly perfect match of signals. These parameters may be varied to speed up the processing time and to alter the detection requirements of the whole system. For example an embodi ⁇ ment of the invention would have a shorter processing time where only the received signals from the 5 nearest neighbours to each transmitting aerial are processed. Equally one could monitor all received signals for the one signal which is most different from the other received signals and use that to indicate which other signals should be processed.
  • the number of aerials transmitting at one time could be increased at certain points during the mapping sequence, since radiation from widely separated aerials will not interfere appreciably.
  • the features of the invention have been described with reference to embodiments used in metal detection for security purposes the invention is of wide application as stated above.
  • the geometry of the aerial array will differ from those described above in embodiments used for mapping mineral seams or locating burried pipes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé et un appareil permettent de détecter sélectivement des objets en un type particulier de matériau au moyen d'antennes séparées dans l'espace de façon à définir une zone de détection. Chaque antenne transmet à son tour des rayonnements électromagnétiques d'une fréquence sélectionnée vers la zone de détection, puis les rayonnements reçus par chaque antenne non-émettrice sont mesurés. L'ensemble complet de mesures représente le contenu de la zone de détection. Les données de mesure sont traitées afin de fournir des informations sur les objets faits du type choisi de matériau se trouvant dans la zone de détection.
PCT/GB1988/000556 1986-03-27 1988-07-08 Procede et appareil de detection selective d'objets Ceased WO1990000749A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8607813A GB2199715B (en) 1986-03-27 1986-03-27 Detection of metal and other materials
AU19960/88A AU622114B2 (en) 1988-07-08 1988-07-08 Method and apparatus for selectively detecting objects
EP19880905971 EP0424371A1 (fr) 1988-07-08 1988-07-08 Procede et appareil de detection selective d'objets
JP63505896A JPH03505781A (ja) 1988-07-08 1988-07-08 金属及び他の物質の検出
PCT/GB1988/000556 WO1990000749A1 (fr) 1988-07-08 1988-07-08 Procede et appareil de detection selective d'objets

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/GB1988/000556 WO1990000749A1 (fr) 1988-07-08 1988-07-08 Procede et appareil de detection selective d'objets

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1990000749A1 true WO1990000749A1 (fr) 1990-01-25

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1988/000556 Ceased WO1990000749A1 (fr) 1986-03-27 1988-07-08 Procede et appareil de detection selective d'objets

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0424371A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH03505781A (fr)
AU (1) AU622114B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1990000749A1 (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4411448A1 (de) * 1994-03-31 1995-10-05 Sick Optik Elektronik Erwin Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kontrolle eines vorgegebenen Überwachungsbereichs
DE19510506A1 (de) * 1995-03-23 1996-09-26 Vallon Gmbh Verfahren und Meßeinrichtung zur Metalldetektion mittels einer Spulenanordnung mit mehreren separat ansteuerbaren Bereichen
DE19606675A1 (de) * 1996-02-22 1997-08-28 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Detektieren eines Objekts in einem zu überwachenden Bereich
WO2002068994A3 (fr) * 2001-02-26 2002-11-07 Ocean Data Equipment Corp Appareil et procede de classification ameliore
US6870791B1 (en) 2002-12-26 2005-03-22 David D. Caulfield Acoustic portal detection system
US7319330B2 (en) 2002-05-24 2008-01-15 Electromagnetic Geoservices As System and method for electromagnetic wavefield resolution
RU2326400C1 (ru) * 2007-03-22 2008-06-10 Федеральное государственное учреждение "Федеральный государственный научно-исследовательский испытательный центр радиоэлектронной борьбы и оценки эффективности снижения заметности" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации Способ измерения эффективной площади рассеяния крупногабаритных объектов в полигонных условиях
RU2333509C2 (ru) * 2006-08-03 2008-09-10 ЛюксЛабс Лтд. Способ измерения дальности
US7567084B2 (en) 2003-03-17 2009-07-28 Electromagnetic Geoservices As Method and apparatus for determining the nature of submarine reservoirs
RU2488135C1 (ru) * 2011-12-21 2013-07-20 Федеральное государственное военное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Военный авиационный инженерный университет" (г. Воронеж) Министерства обороны Российской Федерации Способ измерения эффективной поверхности рассеяния крупногабаритных массивных объектов в безэховой камере
US8913463B2 (en) 2006-10-12 2014-12-16 Electromagnetic Geoservices Asa Positioning system
US9030909B2 (en) 2006-02-06 2015-05-12 Statoil Petroleum As Method of conducting a seismic survey
RU2560935C1 (ru) * 2014-06-03 2015-08-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Уфимское моторостроительное производственное объединение" ОАО "УМПО" Способ измерения эффективной поверхности рассеяния участков крупногабаритных объектов

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2161138A1 (de) * 1971-12-09 1973-06-14 H Tiefenbach & Co Dr Anordnung zum aufspueren kleiner metallgegenstaende
DE2326797A1 (de) * 1972-05-26 1973-12-06 Solomon Heytow Metallsuchstation fuer eisenhaltige oder nichteisenhaltige metallgegenstaende zur vorbeugung von flugzeugentfuehrungen, bewaffneten ueberfaellen u.dgl
DE3421066A1 (de) * 1984-06-06 1986-01-02 Heimann Gmbh, 6200 Wiesbaden Personenuntersuchungsgeraet
GB2199715A (en) * 1986-03-27 1988-07-13 C S Jennings Detection of metal and other materials

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2161138A1 (de) * 1971-12-09 1973-06-14 H Tiefenbach & Co Dr Anordnung zum aufspueren kleiner metallgegenstaende
DE2326797A1 (de) * 1972-05-26 1973-12-06 Solomon Heytow Metallsuchstation fuer eisenhaltige oder nichteisenhaltige metallgegenstaende zur vorbeugung von flugzeugentfuehrungen, bewaffneten ueberfaellen u.dgl
DE3421066A1 (de) * 1984-06-06 1986-01-02 Heimann Gmbh, 6200 Wiesbaden Personenuntersuchungsgeraet
GB2199715A (en) * 1986-03-27 1988-07-13 C S Jennings Detection of metal and other materials

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4411448C5 (de) * 1994-03-31 2009-05-14 Sick Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kontrolle eines vorgegebenen Überwachungsbereichs
US5903355A (en) * 1994-03-31 1999-05-11 Erwin Sick Gmbh Optik-Elektronik Method and apparatus for checking a predetermined monitoring area
DE4411448B4 (de) * 1994-03-31 2006-05-24 Sick Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kontrolle eines vorgegebenen Überwachungsbereichs
DE4411448A1 (de) * 1994-03-31 1995-10-05 Sick Optik Elektronik Erwin Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kontrolle eines vorgegebenen Überwachungsbereichs
DE19510506A1 (de) * 1995-03-23 1996-09-26 Vallon Gmbh Verfahren und Meßeinrichtung zur Metalldetektion mittels einer Spulenanordnung mit mehreren separat ansteuerbaren Bereichen
DE19606675A1 (de) * 1996-02-22 1997-08-28 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Detektieren eines Objekts in einem zu überwachenden Bereich
WO2002068994A3 (fr) * 2001-02-26 2002-11-07 Ocean Data Equipment Corp Appareil et procede de classification ameliore
US7319330B2 (en) 2002-05-24 2008-01-15 Electromagnetic Geoservices As System and method for electromagnetic wavefield resolution
US7423432B2 (en) 2002-05-24 2008-09-09 Electromagnetic Geoservices As System and method for electromagnetic wavefield resolution
US6870791B1 (en) 2002-12-26 2005-03-22 David D. Caulfield Acoustic portal detection system
US7567084B2 (en) 2003-03-17 2009-07-28 Electromagnetic Geoservices As Method and apparatus for determining the nature of submarine reservoirs
US9030909B2 (en) 2006-02-06 2015-05-12 Statoil Petroleum As Method of conducting a seismic survey
RU2333509C2 (ru) * 2006-08-03 2008-09-10 ЛюксЛабс Лтд. Способ измерения дальности
US8913463B2 (en) 2006-10-12 2014-12-16 Electromagnetic Geoservices Asa Positioning system
RU2326400C1 (ru) * 2007-03-22 2008-06-10 Федеральное государственное учреждение "Федеральный государственный научно-исследовательский испытательный центр радиоэлектронной борьбы и оценки эффективности снижения заметности" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации Способ измерения эффективной площади рассеяния крупногабаритных объектов в полигонных условиях
RU2488135C1 (ru) * 2011-12-21 2013-07-20 Федеральное государственное военное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Военный авиационный инженерный университет" (г. Воронеж) Министерства обороны Российской Федерации Способ измерения эффективной поверхности рассеяния крупногабаритных массивных объектов в безэховой камере
RU2560935C1 (ru) * 2014-06-03 2015-08-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Уфимское моторостроительное производственное объединение" ОАО "УМПО" Способ измерения эффективной поверхности рассеяния участков крупногабаритных объектов

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU1996088A (en) 1990-02-05
AU622114B2 (en) 1992-04-02
JPH03505781A (ja) 1991-12-12
EP0424371A1 (fr) 1991-05-02

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