[go: up one dir, main page]

WO1989008915A1 - Digital data security system - Google Patents

Digital data security system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1989008915A1
WO1989008915A1 PCT/GB1989/000293 GB8900293W WO8908915A1 WO 1989008915 A1 WO1989008915 A1 WO 1989008915A1 GB 8900293 W GB8900293 W GB 8900293W WO 8908915 A1 WO8908915 A1 WO 8908915A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
digits
random
sequence
pseudo
word
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1989/000293
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Laurence Frank Turner
Original Assignee
Imperial College Of Science, Technology & Medicine
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Imperial College Of Science, Technology & Medicine filed Critical Imperial College Of Science, Technology & Medicine
Publication of WO1989008915A1 publication Critical patent/WO1989008915A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
    • H04N21/835—Generation of protective data, e.g. certificates
    • H04N21/8358—Generation of protective data, e.g. certificates involving watermark
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/00086—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/00086—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy
    • G11B20/00094—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving measures which result in a restriction to authorised record carriers
    • G11B20/00123—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving measures which result in a restriction to authorised record carriers the record carrier being identified by recognising some of its unique characteristics, e.g. a unique defect pattern serving as a physical signature of the record carrier
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/00086—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy
    • G11B20/00884—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving a watermark, i.e. a barely perceptible transformation of the original data which can nevertheless be recognised by an algorithm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
    • H04N21/2389—Multiplex stream processing, e.g. multiplex stream encrypting
    • H04N21/23892—Multiplex stream processing, e.g. multiplex stream encrypting involving embedding information at multiplex stream level, e.g. embedding a watermark at packet level
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
    • H04N5/913—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection
    • H04N2005/91307—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection by adding a copy protection signal to the video signal
    • H04N2005/91335—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection by adding a copy protection signal to the video signal the copy protection signal being a watermark

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a system for security encoding of digitally recorded data.
  • the invention also finds applications in the field of speaker identification from a digital recording of an individual's voice so that it may be recognised on subsequent encounters. Thus, it has application in remote communications for confirming the identity of a caller.
  • a method of inserting an identification code in digitally recorded material comprising; selecting binary word locations in the digitally recorded source material and replacing at least one insignificant digit of each selected digital word with a respective replacement digit taken from an independently generated sequence.
  • the binary word locations are selected at equal time intervals, or in accordance with a predetermined repeating sequence of time intervals, or in accordance with a predetermined random or pseudo-random sequence of time intervals.
  • the independently generated sequence may comprise a series of replacement digits which all have the same value or form a regularly repeated pattern or alternatively it may also be random or pseudo-random.
  • the invention also provides a method of inserting an identification code into digitally encoded material which is- applicable to delta-modulated signals consisting of a series of "one bit" words of equal significance, as well as those in which the digits are divided into groups or words within which the digits are of varying significance, the method comprising, generating a first random or pseudo ⁇ random identification sequence of binary digits, selecting binary locations in the digitally recorded source material according to a second random or pseudo-random sequence, and replacing the digit at the selected binary location with a digit from the said identifying sequence.
  • the present invention also provides apparatus for encoding digitally recorded material for identification purposes, said apparatus comprising: means for selecting at least one set of binary word locations in the source material and means for replacing at least one insignificant digit of each selected digital word, with a respective predetermined replacement digit.
  • the apparatus also comprises means for generating further random or pseudo-random sequences, for generating the said replacement digits and/or for determining the selection of digits to be replaced in each word.
  • the invention further provides apparatus for decoding digital recordings which have been encoded as aforesaid comprising means for detecting digits located at the random time intervals used in the encoding process, means for holding a copy of the random or pseudo-random identifying sequence used in the encoding, means for comparing the located insignificant digits with the held random or pseudo-random identifying sequence, and means for detecting a pre-selected level of agreement therebetween.
  • insignificant digit means a data bit which can be changed without noticeable detriment to the quality of reproduction of the source material.
  • the digits selected for replacement are preferably the least significant digits of the selected words, as such alteration may be effected without detriment to the quality of reproduction from the recorded material.
  • the overriding criterion is, of course, that any effect on the reproduction from the recorded material should be unnoticeable. This can be achieved by ensuring that the changed digits, both least significant and digits of higher significance, are sufficiently far apart.
  • a random or pseudo-random sequence of pulses is used to replace certain of the least significant digits, thus providing a first layer of randomisation.
  • the random selection of the least significant digits to be replaced provides a second layer of randomisation.
  • the degree of complexity of the encoding may be increased by replacing randomly selected least and next least significant digits in different words by digits generated from a random or pseudo-random sequence of pulses, or by digits drawn respectively from two different pseudo-random sequences.
  • PCM format for example, for digital recording and storage.
  • word synchronisation exists, so that both the encoding and subsequent decoding means can accurately recover analogue samples from the appropriate representative digital words.
  • certain binary words are selected randomly and then the least (usually) significant digits of the selected words are replaced on a one-for-one basis by the digits of a long pseudo-random sequence.
  • the invention is not restricted in its application to PCM format: it may also be applied to other forms of coding such as differential PCM and delta modulation.
  • the pseudo-random sequence may be of a conventional type, having associated correlational properties.
  • the identifying apparatus will, then, examine digits separated by the randomly selected time intervals and compare, for the purpose of identification, these digits with a pseudo-random sequence identical to that inserted during encoding for the purpose of identification.
  • Figures 1 and 2 are diagrammatic representations of signals to be subjected to the encoding method of the invention.
  • Figure 3 is a diagrammatic representation of the encoding step of the invention.
  • Figure 4 represents the decoding step.
  • FIG. 1 A typical digital signal consisting of a series of words, which may be subjected to the identification coding of the invention, is shown in Figure 1.
  • the words are shown as having eight bits, and of course in a practical application such as compact disc recording, the word synchronism is already provided in the system.
  • the bits of most significance are at the "left-hand" end of each word, whilst the bits of lower significance, which may be subject to alteration without serious detriment to the output signal, are located towards the right-hand end of the word.
  • a first selection is made, of the words to be altered, which may for example be words 1, 2 and 6 of the series shown, and then a further selection is made of the particular insignificant digits to be altered within those words.
  • the selection of words will of course be carried out sequentially, at predetermined intervals of time which may be regular intervals, or may of course be set in accordance with the output of a random number generator. As each word to be altered is encountered in the signal, a further "choice” will be made to determine which of the insignificant digits in each case should be replaced.
  • only one digit for example the least significant digit, will be changed to a predetermined value (for example to a value "1") but in order to achieve a more secure coding scheme, the number of insignificant digits that is altered in each word may be different, and the values to which they are altered may also be different, in accordance with another randomly generated sequence.
  • the output from some random or pseudo-random sequence is taken and used to replace the selected digit in the binary representation of the encoded material.
  • FIG. 3 An example of coding apparatus is shown in Figure 3, in which unit 1 uses the normal word synchronisation available in the digitally recorded source signal 2 and selects at random a sequence of least significant digits that are to be changed. Means 3 generates a pseudo-random sequence of binary digits and unit 4 injects these into the recorded material in place of the randomly selected least significant digits.
  • the output 5 from the encoder is the original digitally recorded source carrying the random identification sequence at the randomly selected locations.
  • Figure 4 shows a "decoding" apparatus in which a recording suspected of being a copy of the encoded recording is fed into a selector unit 11, which examines sequences of digits, the digits of which are separated by the known random time intervals. The so selected sequences are compared in unit 10 with the random or pseudo-random identifying sequence held in store 12. Copying of the source material is signified by the detection of a pre- .selected high incidence of identical occurrences between the two.
  • the method of the invention requires no significant modification: the digits replaced would still be selected on a random or pseudo ⁇ random time interval basis and the injected digit still selected from a random or pseudo-random sequence of identification digits.
  • the format of the digital source is of little significance in this invention. It is simply required that the decoder be capable of detecting the locations where identifying digits would be expected to occur and comparing the digits found at these locations with a stored copy of the identifying sequence which was used in the encoding process. A high degree ' of coincidence between the detected sequence and the stored sequence signifies copying of the source material.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)

Abstract

A method of inserting an identification code into a digitally encoded signal such as that used in compact disc recording. A series of binary word locations in the material are selected, preferably at random, for modification by substituting a replacement digit or digits for one or more insignificant digits of the word. This allows subsequent identification of copies of the recorded material, by comparison with a copy of the random sequence or sequences used to determine the locations and values of the replacement digits. The method can also be applied to coding schemes which do not have a defined word structure, such as delta modulation, in which case digits can be replaced completely randomly without regard to relative significance.

Description

"Digital Data Security System"
This invention relates to a system for security encoding of digitally recorded data.
A need exists for a security system which facilitates the identification of the source of recorded material with a high degree of certainty. This is increasingly required as facilities for high quality unauthorised copying of recorded material such as from compact discs and video tapes become more readily available on the market.
The invention also finds applications in the field of speaker identification from a digital recording of an individual's voice so that it may be recognised on subsequent encounters. Thus, it has application in remote communications for confirming the identity of a caller.
According to the present invention there is provided a method of inserting an identification code in digitally recorded material, comprising; selecting binary word locations in the digitally recorded source material and replacing at least one insignificant digit of each selected digital word with a respective replacement digit taken from an independently generated sequence.
Preferably the binary word locations are selected at equal time intervals, or in accordance with a predetermined repeating sequence of time intervals, or in accordance with a predetermined random or pseudo-random sequence of time intervals.
The independently generated sequence may comprise a series of replacement digits which all have the same value or form a regularly repeated pattern or alternatively it may also be random or pseudo-random.
The invention also provides a method of inserting an identification code into digitally encoded material which is- applicable to delta-modulated signals consisting of a series of "one bit" words of equal significance, as well as those in which the digits are divided into groups or words within which the digits are of varying significance, the method comprising, generating a first random or pseudo¬ random identification sequence of binary digits, selecting binary locations in the digitally recorded source material according to a second random or pseudo-random sequence, and replacing the digit at the selected binary location with a digit from the said identifying sequence.
The present invention also provides apparatus for encoding digitally recorded material for identification purposes, said apparatus comprising: means for selecting at least one set of binary word locations in the source material and means for replacing at least one insignificant digit of each selected digital word, with a respective predetermined replacement digit.
Preferably the apparatus also comprises means for generating further random or pseudo-random sequences, for generating the said replacement digits and/or for determining the selection of digits to be replaced in each word.
The invention further provides apparatus for decoding digital recordings which have been encoded as aforesaid comprising means for detecting digits located at the random time intervals used in the encoding process, means for holding a copy of the random or pseudo-random identifying sequence used in the encoding, means for comparing the located insignificant digits with the held random or pseudo-random identifying sequence, and means for detecting a pre-selected level of agreement therebetween.
The expression "insignificant digit" means a data bit which can be changed without noticeable detriment to the quality of reproduction of the source material. The digits selected for replacement are preferably the least significant digits of the selected words, as such alteration may be effected without detriment to the quality of reproduction from the recorded material. However, it is also possible to replace the next significant digit, thus providing an additional layer of security in the system. The overriding criterion is, of course, that any effect on the reproduction from the recorded material should be unnoticeable. This can be achieved by ensuring that the changed digits, both least significant and digits of higher significance, are sufficiently far apart.
In practice, a random or pseudo-random sequence of pulses is used to replace certain of the least significant digits, thus providing a first layer of randomisation. The random selection of the least significant digits to be replaced provides a second layer of randomisation. The degree of complexity of the encoding may be increased by replacing randomly selected least and next least significant digits in different words by digits generated from a random or pseudo-random sequence of pulses, or by digits drawn respectively from two different pseudo-random sequences.
In general terms, then, recorded material will be converted into PCM format, for example, for digital recording and storage. In this format, word synchronisation exists, so that both the encoding and subsequent decoding means can accurately recover analogue samples from the appropriate representative digital words. In this invention, certain binary words are selected randomly and then the least (usually) significant digits of the selected words are replaced on a one-for-one basis by the digits of a long pseudo-random sequence. However, for the avoidance of doubt, it should be noted that the invention is not restricted in its application to PCM format: it may also be applied to other forms of coding such as differential PCM and delta modulation. The pseudo-random sequence may be of a conventional type, having associated correlational properties. The identifying apparatus will, then, examine digits separated by the randomly selected time intervals and compare, for the purpose of identification, these digits with a pseudo-random sequence identical to that inserted during encoding for the purpose of identification.
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying diagrams, of which:
Figures 1 and 2 are diagrammatic representations of signals to be subjected to the encoding method of the invention; and
Figure 3 is a diagrammatic representation of the encoding step of the invention; and
Figure 4 represents the decoding step.
A typical digital signal consisting of a series of words, which may be subjected to the identification coding of the invention, is shown in Figure 1. For the purposes of illustration, the words are shown as having eight bits, and of course in a practical application such as compact disc recording, the word synchronism is already provided in the system.
As illustrated in Figure 1, the bits of most significance are at the "left-hand" end of each word, whilst the bits of lower significance, which may be subject to alteration without serious detriment to the output signal, are located towards the right-hand end of the word. Considering the illustrated signal of Figure 2 as a typical portion of a total signal to be encoded, in a preferred form of the invention, a first selection is made, of the words to be altered, which may for example be words 1, 2 and 6 of the series shown, and then a further selection is made of the particular insignificant digits to be altered within those words. In practice, the selection of words will of course be carried out sequentially, at predetermined intervals of time which may be regular intervals, or may of course be set in accordance with the output of a random number generator. As each word to be altered is encountered in the signal, a further "choice" will be made to determine which of the insignificant digits in each case should be replaced.
In the simplest form of the invention, only one digit, for example the least significant digit, will be changed to a predetermined value (for example to a value "1") but in order to achieve a more secure coding scheme, the number of insignificant digits that is altered in each word may be different, and the values to which they are altered may also be different, in accordance with another randomly generated sequence.
Although the process is described above in terms of a "two-step" sequence of operations, it will also be appreciated that the digit selection could be carried out in effect as a "single-step" process. For example, as illustrated in Figure 3, the whole series of eight bit words could be regarded as a continuous "bit-stream", the digits being selected on a continuous basis. In Figure 2, if the leftmost bit is regarded as bit one of the complete stream, the arrows indicate the selection of digits 5, 7, 8, 15, 16, and 48 for alteration. In order to implement this, a "random number" count is made of the binary digits representing the encoded signal, starting at the "left" in the drawing, and beginning the count with the most significant digit of any binary word. Then, when the count reaches each of the numbers (5, 7, 8, 15, 16 and 48 in the illustrative example) corresponding to the positions of the digits to be replaced, the output from some random or pseudo-random sequence is taken and used to replace the selected digit in the binary representation of the encoded material.
In addition, in some types of digital encoding schemes, such as delta modulation, there is no word structure as such, although each individual "bit" can be regarded as a "one bit word", since all digits are of equal significance, and taken individually, their significance is low. Thus if one considers the example of Figure 2 as a continuous bit stream of a delta modulated signal, exactly the same process of selection of bits to be altered can be carried out as explained above, except of course that the count leading to the location of digits to be replaced can be started at any point. Thus in Figure 3, bits 5, 7, 8, 15, 16, and 48 of the signal have been altered, but it would equally be possible to alter (for example) a sequence such as 1, 7, 10, 15, 25, 27, 36 ..., without any regard to relative "significance".
An example of coding apparatus is shown in Figure 3, in which unit 1 uses the normal word synchronisation available in the digitally recorded source signal 2 and selects at random a sequence of least significant digits that are to be changed. Means 3 generates a pseudo-random sequence of binary digits and unit 4 injects these into the recorded material in place of the randomly selected least significant digits.
The output 5 from the encoder is the original digitally recorded source carrying the random identification sequence at the randomly selected locations.
Figure 4 shows a "decoding" apparatus in which a recording suspected of being a copy of the encoded recording is fed into a selector unit 11, which examines sequences of digits, the digits of which are separated by the known random time intervals. The so selected sequences are compared in unit 10 with the random or pseudo-random identifying sequence held in store 12. Copying of the source material is signified by the detection of a pre- .selected high incidence of identical occurrences between the two. When applied to delta modulated sources, in which all digits are equally significant, the method of the invention requires no significant modification: the digits replaced would still be selected on a random or pseudo¬ random time interval basis and the injected digit still selected from a random or pseudo-random sequence of identification digits.
In the more complex, and therefore inherently more secure, embodiments of the invention in which combinations of digits of lower significance may be replaced, the decoder would have to be able to detect combinations of the encoded digits. However, this is a matter simply of complexity rather than of real practical difficulty in realisation.
In general terms the format of the digital source is of little significance in this invention. It is simply required that the decoder be capable of detecting the locations where identifying digits would be expected to occur and comparing the digits found at these locations with a stored copy of the identifying sequence which was used in the encoding process. A high degree 'of coincidence between the detected sequence and the stored sequence signifies copying of the source material.

Claims

1. A method of inserting an identification code in digitally recorded material, comprising; selecting binary word locations in the digitally recorded source material and replacing at least one insignificant digit of each selected digital word with a respective replacement digit taken from an independently generated sequence.
2. A method according to claim 1 in which the binary word locations are selected at equal time intervals, or in accordance with a predetermined repeating sequence of time intervals.
3. A method according to claim 1 in which the binary word locations are selected in accordance with a predetermined random or pseudo-random sequence of time intervals.
4. A method according to any preceding claim in which the independently generated sequence comprises a series of replacement digits which all have the same value or form a regularly repeated pattern.
5. A method according to any of claims 1 to 3 in which the independently generated sequence is a random or pseudo-random sequence.
6. A method according to claim 4 or claim 5 in which original digits of corresponding significance are replaced in each word.
7. A method according to claim 2 in which the said original digits are the least significant digits.
8. A method according to claim 4 or claim 5 in which the selection of the original insignificant digit or digits to be replaced in each word, is determined by a further random or pseudo-random sequence.
9. A method of inserting an identification code in digitally recorded material, comprising the further steps of repeating the selection and replacement process of claim 1; and replacing insignificant digits of the selected words using the method of any one of claims 2 to 8.
10. A method of inserting an identification code in digitally recorded material consisting of a series of bits of equal but low significance, the method comprising selecting bits in accordance with a first predetermined random or pseudo-random sequence and replacing the selected digits with digits obtained from a second random or pseudo¬ random sequence.
11. Apparatus for encoding digitally recorded material for identification purposes, said apparatus comprising: means for selecting at least one set of binary word locations in the source material and means for replacing at least one insignificant digit of each selected digital word, with a respective predetermined replacement digit.
12. Apparatus according to claim 11 further comprising: means for generating further random or pseudo-random sequences, for generating the said replacement digits and/or for determining the selection of digits to be replaced in each word.
13. Apparatus for decoding digital recordings which have been encoded using the apparatus of claim 11 or claim 12, the decoding apparatus comprising means for detecting those insignificant digits which have been replaced in the encoding process, means for holding a copy of the sequence of replacement digits used in the encoding, means for comparing the located insignificant digits with the held copy of the identifying sequence, and means for detecting a pre-selected level of agreement therebetween.
PCT/GB1989/000293 1988-03-18 1989-03-20 Digital data security system WO1989008915A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8806452 1988-03-18
GB888806452A GB8806452D0 (en) 1988-03-18 1988-03-18 Digital data security system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1989008915A1 true WO1989008915A1 (en) 1989-09-21

Family

ID=10633665

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1989/000293 WO1989008915A1 (en) 1988-03-18 1989-03-20 Digital data security system

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0406291A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH03504306A (en)
AU (1) AU3344289A (en)
GB (1) GB8806452D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1989008915A1 (en)

Cited By (57)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2658022A1 (en) * 1990-02-07 1991-08-09 Telediffusion Fse METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MARKING AND IDENTIFYING DIGITAL INFORMATION.
WO1992005550A1 (en) * 1989-05-15 1992-04-02 James Dale Encoding system
WO1996027191A1 (en) * 1995-02-28 1996-09-06 Isis Innovation Limited Covert identification
US5664018A (en) * 1996-03-12 1997-09-02 Leighton; Frank Thomson Watermarking process resilient to collusion attacks
GB2314949A (en) * 1996-07-02 1998-01-14 Yamaha Corp Storing main information with associated additional information incorporated therein
GB2319930A (en) * 1996-11-27 1998-06-03 Sony Uk Ltd Storage and transmission of one-bit data
US5848155A (en) * 1996-09-04 1998-12-08 Nec Research Institute, Inc. Spread spectrum watermark for embedded signalling
EP0762417A3 (en) * 1995-08-25 1999-01-27 Sony Corporation Signal recording and reproducing, signal record media and signal transmission and reception
WO1998058369A3 (en) * 1997-06-19 1999-03-25 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Method and device for recording information on a carrier
US5915027A (en) * 1996-11-05 1999-06-22 Nec Research Institute Digital watermarking
US5930369A (en) * 1995-09-28 1999-07-27 Nec Research Institute, Inc. Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia data
US5949885A (en) * 1996-03-12 1999-09-07 Leighton; F. Thomson Method for protecting content using watermarking
US6069914A (en) * 1996-09-19 2000-05-30 Nec Research Institute, Inc. Watermarking of image data using MPEG/JPEG coefficients
US6108434A (en) * 1997-09-12 2000-08-22 Signafy, Inc. Counteracting geometric distortions for DCT based watermarking
US6154571A (en) * 1998-06-24 2000-11-28 Nec Research Institute, Inc. Robust digital watermarking
US6181802B1 (en) 1995-02-06 2001-01-30 Central Research Laboratories Limited Method and apparatus for coding information by inserting codes in strongly featured image regions
GB2354857A (en) * 1996-07-02 2001-04-04 Yamaha Corp Storing main information with associated additional information incorporated therein
EP1069757A3 (en) * 1999-07-16 2001-04-18 Victor Company of Japan, Ltd. Method and apparatus for inserting and extracting watermark into and from contents information
US6229924B1 (en) * 1996-05-16 2001-05-08 Digimarc Corporation Method and apparatus for watermarking video images
EP0788282A3 (en) * 1996-02-05 2001-05-30 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Video signal recording apparatus, video signal regenerating apparatus, image coding apparatus and image, decoding apparatus
US6301369B2 (en) 1992-07-31 2001-10-09 Digimarc Corporation Image marking to permit later identification
US6317505B1 (en) 1992-07-31 2001-11-13 Digimarc Corporation Image marking with error correction
EP1080545A4 (en) * 1998-05-12 2001-11-14 Solana Technology Dev Corp Digital hidden data transport (dhdt)
WO2001093264A1 (en) * 2000-05-31 2001-12-06 Sony Corporation Recording medium, recording method of recording medium, recording and/or reproducing method of recording medium, and data copy control method
US6343138B1 (en) 1993-11-18 2002-01-29 Digimarc Corporation Security documents with hidden digital data
US6381341B1 (en) * 1996-05-16 2002-04-30 Digimarc Corporation Watermark encoding method exploiting biases inherent in original signal
US6430302B2 (en) 1993-11-18 2002-08-06 Digimarc Corporation Steganographically encoding a first image in accordance with a second image
US6542620B1 (en) 1993-11-18 2003-04-01 Digimarc Corporation Signal processing to hide plural-bit information in image, video, and audio data
US6553129B1 (en) * 1995-07-27 2003-04-22 Digimarc Corporation Computer system linked by using information in data objects
US6560349B1 (en) 1994-10-21 2003-05-06 Digimarc Corporation Audio monitoring using steganographic information
RU2208301C2 (en) * 1998-05-20 2003-07-10 Макровижн Корпорейшн Method and device for detecting watermark for definite scales and arbitrary shifts
US6611599B2 (en) 1997-09-29 2003-08-26 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Watermarking of digital object
US6850626B2 (en) 1998-01-20 2005-02-01 Digimarc Corporation Methods employing multiple watermarks
US6869023B2 (en) 2002-02-12 2005-03-22 Digimarc Corporation Linking documents through digital watermarking
US6917691B2 (en) 1999-12-28 2005-07-12 Digimarc Corporation Substituting information based on watermark-enable linking
US6917724B2 (en) 1999-06-29 2005-07-12 Digimarc Corporation Methods for opening file on computer via optical sensing
US6922480B2 (en) 1995-05-08 2005-07-26 Digimarc Corporation Methods for encoding security documents
US6944298B1 (en) 1993-11-18 2005-09-13 Digimare Corporation Steganographic encoding and decoding of auxiliary codes in media signals
US6965682B1 (en) 1999-05-19 2005-11-15 Digimarc Corp Data transmission by watermark proxy
US6968057B2 (en) 1994-03-17 2005-11-22 Digimarc Corporation Emulsion products and imagery employing steganography
US6975746B2 (en) 1993-11-18 2005-12-13 Digimarc Corporation Integrating digital watermarks in multimedia content
US6993153B2 (en) 2000-02-10 2006-01-31 Digimarc Corporation Self-orienting watermarks
US7027614B2 (en) 2000-04-19 2006-04-11 Digimarc Corporation Hiding information to reduce or offset perceptible artifacts
US7039214B2 (en) 1999-11-05 2006-05-02 Digimarc Corporation Embedding watermark components during separate printing stages
US7044395B1 (en) 1993-11-18 2006-05-16 Digimarc Corporation Embedding and reading imperceptible codes on objects
US7050603B2 (en) 1995-07-27 2006-05-23 Digimarc Corporation Watermark encoded video, and related methods
US7058697B2 (en) 1995-07-27 2006-06-06 Digimarc Corporation Internet linking from image content
US7171016B1 (en) 1993-11-18 2007-01-30 Digimarc Corporation Method for monitoring internet dissemination of image, video and/or audio files
US7437430B2 (en) 1993-11-18 2008-10-14 Digimarc Corporation Network linking using index modulated on data
US7436976B2 (en) 1995-07-27 2008-10-14 Digimarc Corporation Digital watermarking systems and methods
US7460667B2 (en) 1998-05-12 2008-12-02 Verance Corporation Digital hidden data transport (DHDT)
US7486799B2 (en) 1995-05-08 2009-02-03 Digimarc Corporation Methods for monitoring audio and images on the internet
US7564992B2 (en) 1995-05-08 2009-07-21 Digimarc Corporation Content identification through deriving identifiers from video, images and audio
US7587601B2 (en) 1996-04-25 2009-09-08 Digimarc Corporation Digital watermarking methods and apparatus for use with audio and video content
USRE40919E1 (en) * 1993-11-18 2009-09-22 Digimarc Corporation Methods for surveying dissemination of proprietary empirical data
US7684088B2 (en) 2000-09-20 2010-03-23 Alpvision S.A. Method for preventing counterfeiting or alteration of a printed or engraved surface
LU91698B1 (en) * 2010-06-10 2011-12-12 Pleimo S A System and method for processing digital content

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2262805C2 (en) * 2002-12-25 2005-10-20 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Самарский государственный технический университет Method for steganographic protection of secret information

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0058482A1 (en) * 1981-02-16 1982-08-25 British Telecommunications Method and apparatus for transmitting data with digitally encoded speech
EP0079669A1 (en) * 1981-11-16 1983-05-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Optical type information read/write apparatus
EP0224929A2 (en) * 1985-12-04 1987-06-10 Sony Corporation Apparatus and method for preventing unauthorized dubbing of a recording signal
EP0205200B1 (en) * 1985-05-21 1990-08-01 POLYGRAM GmbH Method for transmitting audio and additional information in digital form

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0058482A1 (en) * 1981-02-16 1982-08-25 British Telecommunications Method and apparatus for transmitting data with digitally encoded speech
EP0079669A1 (en) * 1981-11-16 1983-05-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Optical type information read/write apparatus
EP0205200B1 (en) * 1985-05-21 1990-08-01 POLYGRAM GmbH Method for transmitting audio and additional information in digital form
EP0224929A2 (en) * 1985-12-04 1987-06-10 Sony Corporation Apparatus and method for preventing unauthorized dubbing of a recording signal

Cited By (110)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992005550A1 (en) * 1989-05-15 1992-04-02 James Dale Encoding system
EP0441702A1 (en) * 1990-02-07 1991-08-14 Telediffusion De France Method and system for marking and identifying data
FR2658022A1 (en) * 1990-02-07 1991-08-09 Telediffusion Fse METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MARKING AND IDENTIFYING DIGITAL INFORMATION.
US6301369B2 (en) 1992-07-31 2001-10-09 Digimarc Corporation Image marking to permit later identification
US7978876B2 (en) 1992-07-31 2011-07-12 Digimarc Corporation Hiding codes in input data
US7593545B2 (en) 1992-07-31 2009-09-22 Digimarc Corporation Determining whether two or more creative works correspond
US7412074B2 (en) 1992-07-31 2008-08-12 Digimarc Corporation Hiding codes in input data
US7068811B2 (en) 1992-07-31 2006-06-27 Digimarc Corporation Protecting images with image markings
US6628801B2 (en) 1992-07-31 2003-09-30 Digimarc Corporation Image marking with pixel modification
US6614915B2 (en) 1992-07-31 2003-09-02 Digimarc Corporation Image capture and marking
US6459803B1 (en) 1992-07-31 2002-10-01 Digimarc Corporation Method for encoding auxiliary data within a source signal
US6317505B1 (en) 1992-07-31 2001-11-13 Digimarc Corporation Image marking with error correction
US7171016B1 (en) 1993-11-18 2007-01-30 Digimarc Corporation Method for monitoring internet dissemination of image, video and/or audio files
US7003132B2 (en) 1993-11-18 2006-02-21 Digimarc Corporation Embedding hidden auxiliary code signals in media
US8055012B2 (en) 1993-11-18 2011-11-08 Digimarc Corporation Hiding and detecting messages in media signals
US7987094B2 (en) 1993-11-18 2011-07-26 Digimarc Corporation Audio encoding to convey auxiliary information, and decoding of same
US6587821B1 (en) 1993-11-18 2003-07-01 Digimarc Corp Methods for decoding watermark data from audio, and controlling audio devices in accordance therewith
US6567780B2 (en) 1993-11-18 2003-05-20 Digimarc Corporation Audio with hidden in-band digital data
US7672477B2 (en) 1993-11-18 2010-03-02 Digimarc Corporation Detecting hidden auxiliary code signals in media
USRE40919E1 (en) * 1993-11-18 2009-09-22 Digimarc Corporation Methods for surveying dissemination of proprietary empirical data
US7567686B2 (en) 1993-11-18 2009-07-28 Digimarc Corporation Hiding and detecting messages in media signals
US6675146B2 (en) 1993-11-18 2004-01-06 Digimarc Corporation Audio steganography
US7536555B2 (en) 1993-11-18 2009-05-19 Digimarc Corporation Methods for audio watermarking and decoding
US6539095B1 (en) 1993-11-18 2003-03-25 Geoffrey B. Rhoads Audio watermarking to convey auxiliary control information, and media embodying same
US6496591B1 (en) 1993-11-18 2002-12-17 Digimarc Corporation Video copy-control with plural embedded signals
US7437430B2 (en) 1993-11-18 2008-10-14 Digimarc Corporation Network linking using index modulated on data
US7308110B2 (en) 1993-11-18 2007-12-11 Digimarc Corporation Methods for marking images
US7181022B2 (en) 1993-11-18 2007-02-20 Digimarc Corporation Audio watermarking to convey auxiliary information, and media embodying same
US6542620B1 (en) 1993-11-18 2003-04-01 Digimarc Corporation Signal processing to hide plural-bit information in image, video, and audio data
US6430302B2 (en) 1993-11-18 2002-08-06 Digimarc Corporation Steganographically encoding a first image in accordance with a second image
US7044395B1 (en) 1993-11-18 2006-05-16 Digimarc Corporation Embedding and reading imperceptible codes on objects
US6654480B2 (en) 1993-11-18 2003-11-25 Digimarc Corporation Audio appliance and monitoring device responsive to watermark data
US6987862B2 (en) 1993-11-18 2006-01-17 Digimarc Corporation Video steganography
US6975746B2 (en) 1993-11-18 2005-12-13 Digimarc Corporation Integrating digital watermarks in multimedia content
US6343138B1 (en) 1993-11-18 2002-01-29 Digimarc Corporation Security documents with hidden digital data
US6404898B1 (en) 1993-11-18 2002-06-11 Digimarc Corporation Method and system for encoding image and audio content
US6959386B2 (en) 1993-11-18 2005-10-25 Digimarc Corporation Hiding encrypted messages in information carriers
US6944298B1 (en) 1993-11-18 2005-09-13 Digimare Corporation Steganographic encoding and decoding of auxiliary codes in media signals
US6363159B1 (en) 1993-11-18 2002-03-26 Digimarc Corporation Consumer audio appliance responsive to watermark data
US6400827B1 (en) 1993-11-18 2002-06-04 Digimarc Corporation Methods for hiding in-band digital data in images and video
US6968057B2 (en) 1994-03-17 2005-11-22 Digimarc Corporation Emulsion products and imagery employing steganography
US6560349B1 (en) 1994-10-21 2003-05-06 Digimarc Corporation Audio monitoring using steganographic information
US6181802B1 (en) 1995-02-06 2001-01-30 Central Research Laboratories Limited Method and apparatus for coding information by inserting codes in strongly featured image regions
WO1996027191A1 (en) * 1995-02-28 1996-09-06 Isis Innovation Limited Covert identification
US6922480B2 (en) 1995-05-08 2005-07-26 Digimarc Corporation Methods for encoding security documents
US7486799B2 (en) 1995-05-08 2009-02-03 Digimarc Corporation Methods for monitoring audio and images on the internet
US7564992B2 (en) 1995-05-08 2009-07-21 Digimarc Corporation Content identification through deriving identifiers from video, images and audio
US7050603B2 (en) 1995-07-27 2006-05-23 Digimarc Corporation Watermark encoded video, and related methods
US7058697B2 (en) 1995-07-27 2006-06-06 Digimarc Corporation Internet linking from image content
US7436976B2 (en) 1995-07-27 2008-10-14 Digimarc Corporation Digital watermarking systems and methods
US6553129B1 (en) * 1995-07-27 2003-04-22 Digimarc Corporation Computer system linked by using information in data objects
EP1143438A1 (en) * 1995-08-25 2001-10-10 Sony Corporation Signal record media
US8301014B2 (en) 1995-08-25 2012-10-30 Sony Corporation Signal recording/reproducing method and apparatus, signal record medium and signal transmission/reception method and apparatus
EP0762417A3 (en) * 1995-08-25 1999-01-27 Sony Corporation Signal recording and reproducing, signal record media and signal transmission and reception
US7428369B2 (en) 1995-08-25 2008-09-23 Sony Corporation Signal recording/reproducing method and apparatus, signal record medium and signal transmission/reception method and apparatus
US6345146B1 (en) 1995-08-25 2002-02-05 Sony Corporation Signal recording/reproducing method and apparatus, signal record medium and signal transmission/reception method and apparatus
US6345145B1 (en) 1995-08-25 2002-02-05 Sony Corporation Signal recording/reproducing method and apparatus, signal record medium and signal transmission/reception method and apparatus
US6363209B2 (en) 1995-08-25 2002-03-26 Sony Corporation Signal recording/reproducing method and apparatus, signal record medium and signal
US5930369A (en) * 1995-09-28 1999-07-27 Nec Research Institute, Inc. Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia data
EP1711015A3 (en) * 1996-02-05 2006-11-08 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Video signal recording apparatus, video signal regenerating apparatus, image coding apparatus and image decoding apparatus
EP0788282A3 (en) * 1996-02-05 2001-05-30 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Video signal recording apparatus, video signal regenerating apparatus, image coding apparatus and image, decoding apparatus
US5949885A (en) * 1996-03-12 1999-09-07 Leighton; F. Thomson Method for protecting content using watermarking
US5664018A (en) * 1996-03-12 1997-09-02 Leighton; Frank Thomson Watermarking process resilient to collusion attacks
US7587601B2 (en) 1996-04-25 2009-09-08 Digimarc Corporation Digital watermarking methods and apparatus for use with audio and video content
US6381341B1 (en) * 1996-05-16 2002-04-30 Digimarc Corporation Watermark encoding method exploiting biases inherent in original signal
US6229924B1 (en) * 1996-05-16 2001-05-08 Digimarc Corporation Method and apparatus for watermarking video images
GB2354857B (en) * 1996-07-02 2001-05-16 Yamaha Corp Method and device for storing main information with associated additional information incorporated therein
US7361824B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2008-04-22 Yamaha Corporation Method and device for storing main information with associated additional information incorporated therein
US7485795B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2009-02-03 Yamaha Corporation Method and device for storing main information with associated additional information incorporated therein
GB2314949B (en) * 1996-07-02 2001-04-25 Yamaha Corp Method and device for storing main information with associated additional information incorporated therein
GB2354858A (en) * 1996-07-02 2001-04-04 Yamaha Corp Storing performance information with associated additional information incorporated therein
GB2314949A (en) * 1996-07-02 1998-01-14 Yamaha Corp Storing main information with associated additional information incorporated therein
GB2354857A (en) * 1996-07-02 2001-04-04 Yamaha Corp Storing main information with associated additional information incorporated therein
US7015388B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2006-03-21 Yamaha Corporation Method and device for storing main information with associated additional information incorporated therein
US7388144B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2008-06-17 Yamaha Corporation Method and device for storing main information with associated additional information incorporated therein
GB2354858B (en) * 1996-07-02 2001-05-30 Yamaha Corp Method and device for storing main information with associated additional information incorporated therein
US6209096B1 (en) 1996-07-02 2001-03-27 Yamaha Corporation Method and device for storing main information with associated additional information incorporated therein
US5848155A (en) * 1996-09-04 1998-12-08 Nec Research Institute, Inc. Spread spectrum watermark for embedded signalling
US6069914A (en) * 1996-09-19 2000-05-30 Nec Research Institute, Inc. Watermarking of image data using MPEG/JPEG coefficients
US5915027A (en) * 1996-11-05 1999-06-22 Nec Research Institute Digital watermarking
GB2319930B (en) * 1996-11-27 2001-05-16 Sony Uk Ltd Storage and transmission of one-bit data
GB2319930A (en) * 1996-11-27 1998-06-03 Sony Uk Ltd Storage and transmission of one-bit data
WO1998058369A3 (en) * 1997-06-19 1999-03-25 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Method and device for recording information on a carrier
AU735183B2 (en) * 1997-06-19 2001-07-05 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Method and device for recording information on a carrier
KR100721390B1 (en) * 1997-06-19 2007-05-23 코닌클리케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. Method and apparatus for recording information on record carrier
US6108434A (en) * 1997-09-12 2000-08-22 Signafy, Inc. Counteracting geometric distortions for DCT based watermarking
US6611599B2 (en) 1997-09-29 2003-08-26 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Watermarking of digital object
US6850626B2 (en) 1998-01-20 2005-02-01 Digimarc Corporation Methods employing multiple watermarks
US7054463B2 (en) 1998-01-20 2006-05-30 Digimarc Corporation Data encoding using frail watermarks
US7460667B2 (en) 1998-05-12 2008-12-02 Verance Corporation Digital hidden data transport (DHDT)
EP1080545A4 (en) * 1998-05-12 2001-11-14 Solana Technology Dev Corp Digital hidden data transport (dhdt)
RU2208301C2 (en) * 1998-05-20 2003-07-10 Макровижн Корпорейшн Method and device for detecting watermark for definite scales and arbitrary shifts
US6738493B1 (en) 1998-06-24 2004-05-18 Nec Laboratories America, Inc. Robust digital watermarking
US6278792B1 (en) 1998-06-24 2001-08-21 Nec Research Institute, Inc. Robust digital watermarking
US6154571A (en) * 1998-06-24 2000-11-28 Nec Research Institute, Inc. Robust digital watermarking
US6724911B1 (en) 1998-06-24 2004-04-20 Nec Laboratories America, Inc. Robust digital watermarking
US6965682B1 (en) 1999-05-19 2005-11-15 Digimarc Corp Data transmission by watermark proxy
US6917724B2 (en) 1999-06-29 2005-07-12 Digimarc Corporation Methods for opening file on computer via optical sensing
EP1069757A3 (en) * 1999-07-16 2001-04-18 Victor Company of Japan, Ltd. Method and apparatus for inserting and extracting watermark into and from contents information
US6636617B1 (en) 1999-07-16 2003-10-21 Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd. Method and apparatus for inserting and extracting watermark into and from contents information
US7039214B2 (en) 1999-11-05 2006-05-02 Digimarc Corporation Embedding watermark components during separate printing stages
US7362879B2 (en) 1999-12-28 2008-04-22 Digimarc Corporation Substituting objects based on steganographic encoding
US6917691B2 (en) 1999-12-28 2005-07-12 Digimarc Corporation Substituting information based on watermark-enable linking
US6993153B2 (en) 2000-02-10 2006-01-31 Digimarc Corporation Self-orienting watermarks
US7027614B2 (en) 2000-04-19 2006-04-11 Digimarc Corporation Hiding information to reduce or offset perceptible artifacts
WO2001093264A1 (en) * 2000-05-31 2001-12-06 Sony Corporation Recording medium, recording method of recording medium, recording and/or reproducing method of recording medium, and data copy control method
US7434055B2 (en) 2000-05-31 2008-10-07 Sony Corporation Recording medium, recording method of recording medium, recording and/or reproducing method of recording medium, and data copy control method
US7684088B2 (en) 2000-09-20 2010-03-23 Alpvision S.A. Method for preventing counterfeiting or alteration of a printed or engraved surface
US6869023B2 (en) 2002-02-12 2005-03-22 Digimarc Corporation Linking documents through digital watermarking
LU91698B1 (en) * 2010-06-10 2011-12-12 Pleimo S A System and method for processing digital content

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU3344289A (en) 1989-10-05
GB8806452D0 (en) 1988-04-20
EP0406291A1 (en) 1991-01-09
JPH03504306A (en) 1991-09-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO1989008915A1 (en) Digital data security system
US6804356B1 (en) Hierarchical authentication system for images and video
KR100306457B1 (en) Data transmission method for embedded data, data transmitting and reproducing apparatuses and information recording medium therefor
CA1131363A (en) Pcm signal transmitting system
EP1519376B1 (en) Method for copy protecting a record carrier
EP0164891B1 (en) Methods of and apparatus for use in decoding digital data
US6487293B2 (en) Method and apparatus for reproducing ciphered data
DE69618101T2 (en) Signal recording and playback as well as signal recording media
JP2547299B2 (en) Binary code recording medium
ATE173110T1 (en) METHOD FOR CONVERTING M-BIT INFORMATION WORDS INTO A MODULATED SIGNAL, METHOD FOR PRODUCING A RECORDING MEDIUM, CODING, DECODING, RECORDING AND READING DEVICE AND RECORDING MEDIUM
RU2249260C2 (en) Method and device for extraction of additional data from information signal
EP0039565B1 (en) Methods of and apparatuses for processing binary data
KR100817226B1 (en) R.L.L. Method and apparatus for adding auxiliary information signal to code sequence or extracting auxiliary information signal from this sequence
US6564322B1 (en) Method and apparatus for watermarking with no perceptible trace
AU757231B2 (en) A method, device and carrier for encoding multiword information
US6543024B2 (en) Write format for digital data storage
JPS583350A (en) Method of encoding binary data
US20020181606A1 (en) Embedding a first digital information signal into a second digital information signal for transmission via a transmission medium
TW362305B (en) Apparatus and method for converting a sequence of m-bit information words into a modulated signal
DE60031144T2 (en) COPIER PROTECTED DIGITAL AUDIO COMPACT DISC, AND METHOD AND SYSTEM TO PRODUCE THE SAME
CN1176461A (en) Signal modulation method employing multilevel run length limit coding scheme
EP0871170A3 (en) Information reproducing apparatus and reproducing method
US6369724B1 (en) Modulating apparatus and method, demodulating apparatus and method, and transmission medium
EP1275113A1 (en) A method for encoding a stream of bits of a binary source signal into a stream of bits of a binary channel signal
CN1751350A (en) Data recording method and device, data recording medium, data reproduction method and device, data transmission method and device, and data reception method and device

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AU JP US

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LU NL SE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1989904115

Country of ref document: EP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1989904115

Country of ref document: EP

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 1989904115

Country of ref document: EP