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WO1988008899A1 - Cellulose bacterienne utilisee comme traitement de surface pour bandes fibreuses - Google Patents

Cellulose bacterienne utilisee comme traitement de surface pour bandes fibreuses Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988008899A1
WO1988008899A1 PCT/US1988/001375 US8801375W WO8808899A1 WO 1988008899 A1 WO1988008899 A1 WO 1988008899A1 US 8801375 W US8801375 W US 8801375W WO 8808899 A1 WO8808899 A1 WO 8808899A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bac
bacterial cellulose
sheet
paper
gloss
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1988/001375
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English (en)
Inventor
Donald Curtis Johnson
Amar Nath Neogi
Henry Albert Leblanc
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Weyerhaeuser Co
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Weyerhaeuser Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Weyerhaeuser Co filed Critical Weyerhaeuser Co
Publication of WO1988008899A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988008899A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/10—Coatings without pigments
    • D21H19/14—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12
    • D21H19/34—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12 comprising cellulose or derivatives thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
    • B41M1/26—Printing on other surfaces than ordinary paper
    • B41M1/36—Printing on other surfaces than ordinary paper on pretreated paper, e.g. parchment, oiled paper, paper for registration purposes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
    • D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
    • D21H19/52—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention is a fibrous web product with a surface treatment containing bacterial cellulose and a method of surface treating such fibrous webs with bacterial cellulose.
  • a particularly useful bacterial cellulose is one formed in aerated, agitated culture using a microorganism of the genus Acetobacter genetically selected for cellulose production under agitated conditions. Papers having the bacterial cellulose surface treatment have printing characteristics which approach or equal high quality coated offset papers.
  • celluiose can be synthesized by certain bacteria, particularly those of the genus Acetobacter.
  • taxonomists have been unable to agree upon a consistent classification of the cellulose producing species of Acetobacter.
  • the cellulose producing microorganisms listed in the 15th Edition of the Catalog of the American Type Culture Collection under accession numbers 10245, 10821 and 23769 are classified both as Acetobacter aceti subsp. xylinum and as Acetobacter pasteurianus.
  • any species or variety of bacterium within the genus Acetobacter that will produce cellulose under agitated conditions should be regarded as a suitable cellulose producer for the purposes of the present invention.
  • Acetobactor aceti subsp. xylinium is normally cultured under static conditions with the cellulose microfibrils being produced at the air medium interface. Most bacteria of this species are very poor cellulose producers when grown in agitated culture. One reason proposed for such poor production is that an agitated culture induces a tendency to mutation to noncellulose producing strains. In contrast, the Acetobacter strains according to the present invention are characterized by an ability to produce large amounts of cellulose in agitated culture without manifesting instability leading to loss of cellulose production in culture.
  • An earlier United States patent application, Serial No. 788,915, filed October 18, 1985 disclosed Acetobacter varieties which are vigorous cellulose producers under agitated culture conditions.
  • the cellulose produced by the microorganisms and culture conditions disclosed in this application appears to be a unique type, physically quite different from the bacterial cellulose produced in static cultures. It has a highly branched, three dimensional, reticulated structure. A normal cellulose pellicle produced in static culture tends to have a lamellar structure with significantly less branching.
  • the present invention involves the use of bacterial cellulose produced by such microorganisms under agitated conditions as a surface treatment for fibrous webs.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,588,400 filed December 16, 1982
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,588,400 describes formation of a bacterial pellicle, under static or motionless conditions, which is ultimately said to be usable as a wound dressing. Intermittent agitation produces fibrils of finite length which is determined by the linear extension rate of the fibril and the period between agitative shearing of the fibril from the surface of the microorganism.
  • the present invention comprises the application of bacterial cellulose to at least one surface of a fibrous web.
  • Products of such application are numerous and include printing papers suitable for high quality magazines. These can be made on conventional paper manufacturing equipment, which would include fourdriniers, multi-ply or twin wire machines.
  • the bacterial cellulose may be applied during wet formation, as from a secondary headbox, or it may be applied to a partially or wholly dried sheet by a size press or off machine coater. After applying the bacterial cellulose, gloss and other important printing characteristics, such as smoothness, can be significantly improved by a simple calendering treatment. An exposure of the bacterial cellulose surface treated fibrous web to heat and pressure enhances the printing properties. In this way, paper with excellent printing surfaces can be obtained even without the use of complicated coating systems or the use of supercalenders. With the use of a supercalender, one would expect even greater enhancement of properties such as surface smoothness.
  • the most preferred method of applying the bacterial cellulose to the surface of the fibrous web is by the use of a size press or off-machine coater. This enables more efficient utilization of the bacterial cellulose than does wet end application.
  • the preferred usage of bacterial cellulose when applied as a coating is no more than 10 kg/T on any one side of the web and, most preferably, no more than about 5 kg/T. Usages of half or less of this latter level result in remarkable improvement in printing characteristics of the coated sheet.
  • the fibrous web or sheet should be dried to a moisture content of no more than about 10% at the time of application of the bacterial cellulose coating. Most usually the moisture content should be in the range of about 2-8%.
  • the bacterial cellulose may be combined with other materials such as mineral or organic pigments or fillers and starch or other polymeric additives to provide different properties.
  • the surface treatment with bacterial cellulose alone enhances surface properties, such as gloss, smoothness, ink receptivity and holdout, and surface strength.
  • Sheet products with a surface treatment of bacterial cellulose at low concentrations display a higher differential or "snap" between the printed ink gloss and the sheet gloss than do many commercially available offset and rotogravure printing materials.
  • bacterial cellulose treated products display a higher degree of sheet smoothness and ink holdout than the untreated control sheets.
  • bacterial cellulose refers to a product essentially free of residual bacterial cells made under agitated culture conditions by a bacterium of the genus Acetobacter.
  • the strains of bacteria employed may be any having similar characteristics to those grown as a subculture of ATCC Accession No. 53-263, deposited September 13,
  • Figure 1 is a comparison of sheet gloss and printed ink gloss to demonstrate the gloss difference of various papers.
  • Figure 2 is a graph comparing gloss versus percentage (%) of bacterial cellulose applied to demonstrate the effect of a coating of bacterial cellulose on the gloss property of lightweight coated base sheets.
  • Figures 3 and 4 are scanning electron micrographs, on which the bar represents 50 microns.
  • Figure 3 is a micrograph of a calendered Noble and Wood control sheet without any top layer of bacterial cellulose.
  • Figure 3 is a micrograph of a calendered Noble and Wood control sheet without any top layer of bacterial cellulose.
  • FIG. 4 is a micrograph of a calendered Noble and Wood sheet with a top layer of bacterial cellulose.
  • Example 1 Production of Bacterial Cellulose
  • the bacterial cellulose of the present invention was produced in agitated culture by a strain of Acetobacter aceti var. xylinum grown as a subculture of ATCC Accession No. 53-263, deposited September 13, 1985 under the terms of the Budapest Treaty, under conditions similar to the following Example 1.
  • CSL medium The following base medium was used for all cultures. This will be referred to henceforth as CSL medium.
  • the final pH of the medium was 5.0 + 0.2.
  • the vitamin mix was formulated as follows:
  • the pH of the above is about 4.5.
  • the bacteria were first multiplied as a pre-seed culture using CSL medium with 4% (w/v) glucose as the carbon source and 5% (w/v) CSL. Cultures were grown in 100 mL of the medium in a 750 mL Falcon #3028 tissue culture flask at 30°C for 48 hours. The entire contents of the culture flask was blended and used to make a 5% (v/v) inoculum of the seed culture. Preseeds were streaked on culture plates to cheek for homogeneity and possible contamination. Seed cultures were grown in 400 mL of the above-described medium in 2 L baffled flasks in a reciprocal shaker at 125 rpm at 30°C for two days. Seed cultures were blended and streaked as before to check for contamination before further use.
  • Bacterial cellulose was initially made in a continuously stirred 14 L Chemap fermentor using a 12 L culture volume inoculated with 5% (v/v) of the seed cultures.
  • An initial glucose concentration of 32 g/L in the medium was supplemented during the 72-hour fermentor run with an additional 143 g/L added intermittently during the run.
  • the initial 2% (v/v) CSL concentration was augmented by the addition of an amount equivalent to 2% by volume of the initial volume at 32 hours and 59 hours.
  • Cellulose concentration reached about 12.7 g/L during the fermentation.
  • dissolved oxygen was maintained at about 30% air saturation.
  • the bacterial cellulose produced under stirred or agitated conditions, as described above, has a microstructure quite different from that produced in conventional static cultures. It is a reticulated product formed by a substantially continuous network of branching interconnected cellulose fibers.
  • the bacterial cellulose prepared as above by the agitated fermentation has filament widths much smaller than softwood pulp fibers or cotton fiber. Typically these filaments will be about 0.05-0.20 microns in width with indefinite length due to the continuous network structure. A softwood fiber averages about 30 microns in width and 2-5 mm in length while a cotton fiber is about half this width and about 25 mm long.
  • the bacterial cellulose (“BAC”) of the present invention which was produced under conditions similar to Example 1, specifically Batch No.
  • A-085 was washed to a pH of between 7 and 8 using dilute hydrochloric acid and water and then combined with clay before surface coating, except for the 100% controls.
  • the clay used was Hydraprint,
  • Kaolin a delaminated standard No. 2 fraction grade from J. M. Huber of
  • the BAC used was a 6.6% solids concentration before combination with clay and subsequent dilution. Prior to combination with the BAC, the clay was in a solid 100% concentration form.
  • the target base weight for the BAC/clay surface coating plus filter paper was 80-90 g/m 2 .
  • the area of filter paper coated was 0.02m 2
  • the filter paper was coated by laying the filter paper on the forming wire in a British Sheet
  • the mold was closed and approximately two (2) liters of water was poured on top of the filter paper.
  • the BAC and clay were added to 1.5 liters of water.
  • This BAC/clay solution and the 100% controls were mixed in a British Disintegrator for approximately four minutes at 3000 RPM and then each sample was added to the water in the mold.
  • the water plus BAC/clay solution was agitated with air for 10 seconds and then drained through the filter paper. After draining, the filter paper was pressed at 50 p.s.i. (345 kPa) in a TAPPI press between blotters for 5 minutes.
  • a second sheet of filter paper was placed on top of the coated filter paper to prevent the BAC/clay from sticking to the blotter paper.
  • the pressed filter paper sheets were then dried in a steam heated drum dryer at approximately 110°C.
  • the control filter paper which contained no BAC/clay, was treated in the same manner except the water passing through the clamped filter paper did not contain any BAC/clay.
  • the individual samples were conditioned at 50% relative humidity (RH) then calendered at 400°F (204°C), 500 feet per minute (FPM) (152.4 meters per minute) and 800 PLI (or approximately 6,500 psi peak or 4,700 psi average) (1.4 x 10 5 newton per meter or approximately 4.48 x 10 5 kPa peak or 3.24 x 10 5 kPa average).
  • Example 3 Comparison of Gloss, Ink Density, Roughness and Porosity Properties of BAC/Clay Coated Filter Paper Samples obtained by the process identified under Example 2, which were conditioned and calendered, were then tested under the below described testing procedures to test the properties outlined in Table II and Table III. The calendering developed the gloss of the sample. The 100% BAC and 75/25% BAC containing samples gave good printability that were superior to the samples containing clay alone or predominantly clay. The BAC containing samples demonstrated excellent gloss properties with a printed ink gloss and a sheet gloss difference of 20 points. Gloss of paper is the light reflectance from the paper's surface.
  • a beam of light is projected onto the paper surface at an angle of 75° on a Hunterlab Modular Glossmeter Model D48D according to TAPPI Standard Method T480 and ASTM 1223-63T.
  • the difference between the sheet gloss and the printed ink gloss is measured in points and is referred to as "snap.”
  • the ink density was especially good for the 100% BAC and 75/25% BAC samples.
  • Ink density is a measure of relative blackening of the printed image and is related to ink holdout on the surface of the paper. Ink density is measured to determine if the printed image has a consistent density throughout the run, or to determine if there is adequate ink coverage. Ink density was measured on a modified Prufbau-minidens densitometer. A scan of 11 cm per sample gives 280 individual readings with an end mean and standard deviation. The ink used was a standard heatset offset type oil base ink. Table II below outlines the above stated properties.
  • gloss values are in percentage reflectance at a 75 angle.
  • Roughness was measured by the roughness average which is defined as the arithmetical average of the departures of the paper surface profile above and below the reference line (or electrical mean line) throughout the prescribed sampling length. Roughness average was measured per Tallysurf 10 Operators Handbook, by Taylor-Hobson, on the Taylor-Hobson Tallysurf 10 Profilimeter, supplied by Rank Precision Industries of Des Plaines, Illinois.
  • the BAC of the present invention which was produced under conditions similar to Example 1, specifically Batch No. A-085, was washed to a pH of between 7 and 8 using dilute hydrochloric acid and water except for the 100% control, which was only the lightweight base sheet.
  • a lightweight base sheet of 50% kraft/50% therm omechanical pulp ("TMP") of all southern pine with an average basis weight of 48.8g/m was used as the base sheet for application of the BAC.
  • a disc 15 centimeters in diameter was cut from the base sheet producing a base sheet with the average weight of 0.76g/sheet. After being cut out, the disc was wetted thoroughly in water.
  • the disc was then placed in a fritted filter funnel (Buchner funnel) with the wire side up.
  • the wire side was the only side coated with the BAC in 1, 3, 5 and 10% add on dry weight as compared to the weight of the disc.
  • Table IV is. the actual wet weight in grams for the BAC added on at the respective percentage add on weights of BAC.
  • the BAC solution Prior to addition onto the fritted filter funnel that contained the disc, the BAC solution was mixed in a British Disintegrator for approximately four minutes at 3000 RPM and then added to the fritted filter funnel. Drainage was facilitated by the use of suction. After draining, each sample was pressed at 50 p.s.i. (345 kPa) in a TAPPI press between blotters for 5 minutes. The pressed disc coated samples were then dried in a steam heated drum dryer at approximately 110°C. A base sheet only control was treated in the same manner as the samples that contained BAC, except the solution passing through the fritted f ilter funnel contained only water.
  • the individual samples were conditioned to 50% RH, then calendered at 400°F (204°C), 500 FPM (152.4 m/min) and 800 PLI (or approximately 6,500 psi peak or 4,700 psi average) (1.4 x 10 5 newton per meter or approximately 4 48 x 10 5 kPa peak or 3.24 x 10 5 kPa average).
  • Ink density was determined by the same method as under Example 3. Ink density is a measure of relative blackening of a printed image and is related to ink holdout on the surface of the paper.
  • Table VI outlines the properties of roughness, surface strength and % brightness drop for the BAC coated base sheets, made according to Example 4 above, as compared to offset and rotogravure printing paper. Roughness was measured by the same method as under Example 3.
  • IGT pick measures the resistance to picking of the paper surface under the stresses in the printing nip.
  • the measurement of surface strength or IGT pick records the first visible signs of picking (or disruption of the surface) after it has been printed with a standard testing oil.
  • An IGT value is called a VVP, velocity of the print multiplied by the viscosity of the standard testing oil.
  • IGT pick was measured on a standard IGT Printability Tester AIC2 supplied by Technographics Instruments of San Angelo, Texas.
  • Ink Density and % Brightness Drop are tests which demonstrate the characteristic or property of ink/oil holdout. Ink/oil holdout demonstrates the resistance of a surface to oil penetration.
  • the % Brightness Drop or K&N Brightness Drop is measured by first measuring the sample for brightness before the K&N ink is applied to the sample. Then K&N standard testing ink is applied to the surface and aEowed to set for two minutes. After two minutes, the K&N ink is wiped off using a soft cloth or paper towel. The sample is then measured on a Technidyne Model S-4 Brightness fester at the area where the K&N ink was applied to the surface. This value is divided by the initial brightness value to obtain a percent brightness.
  • This value is a measurement of the oil absorption characteristic of the paper.
  • the ink used for all samples was standard K&N testing ink.
  • the Technidyne Model S-4 Brightness Tester was supplied by Technidyne Corporation of New Albany, Indiana.
  • the experimental BAC coated sheets are rougher than the commercial sheets because the latter sheets are super-calendered after coating.
  • Surface strength is a critical property for offset papers which are highly coated and conditioned to provide very high surface strength.
  • the offset process is espeeially demanding of paper surfaces; therefore, offset coatings are designed to meet that requirement.
  • the experimental BAC coated sheets gave values with a small amount of BAC coating for surface strength comparable to the rotogravure sheets, which contain a much higher percentage of coating.
  • % Brightness Drop a relatively low value, as evidenced by the BAC coated sheets, illustrates a higher degree of ink holdout.
  • the BAC coated sheets demonstrate lower % Brightness Drop and, therefore, better ink/oil holdout than the uncoated control sheet.
  • a Noble and Wood Pilot Paper Machine was used to form a two layer sheet consisting of a base ply of paper furnish amounting to 95% of the total sheet basis weight, and a top ply of BAC equivalent to 5% of the total sheet basis weight.
  • the base ply paper used was 50% sulfite hardwood and 50% TMP southern pine softwood.
  • the base ply paper was prepared by mixing together a 50/50 slurry of sulfite hardwood (400-450 CSF) and TMP southern pine softwood (approx. 70 CSF), with a resulting CSF for the mixture of 125.
  • the BAC prepared according to Example 1 except in a 6000L stirred fermenter, Batch No. A-126, was divided into separate trials.
  • the second trial of BAC consisting of BAC at a consistency of approximately 13%, was not first placed in a British Disintegrator but was diluted to a consistency of approximately 0.76 g/L (0.076% consistency) and then stirred in a 400 liter mixing tank for approximately 45 minutes. Therefore, the difference between the first and the second trial is that the first trial was placed in a British Disintegrator before the mixing tank and the second trial was not placed in the British Disintegrator, but only the mixing tank.
  • the first trial is hereinafter referred to as BAC refined and the second trial is hereinafter referred to as BAC regular.
  • the BAC slurry (use of the singular "BAC” refers to both BAC refined and BAC regular, although the BAC refined and the BAC regular were applied in separate runs, and "slurry” refers to the final 0.076% consistency which resulted from the above procedure) was applied as a surface layer via a secondary headbox on the Noble and Wood machine.
  • the secondary headbox was mounted just after the base ply sheet dry line, which was where the solids content of the base ply sheet was approximately 5-6%.
  • the base ply sheet was formed at 66g/m 2 OD and the BAC was added through the secondary headbox, as previously discussed, at the rate of
  • the ink used was a standard heatset offset type of oil base ink. Gloss measurements were determined by the same method as under Example 3. The control for the gloss tests was an uncoated sheet made on the Noble and Wood Paper Machine as explained in Example 6 above. TABLE VII GLOSS* PROPERTIES
  • gloss values are in percentage reflectance at a 75° angle.
  • ** BAC Reg refers to BAC Regular which was dispersed in a mixing tank only.
  • BAC Ref refers to BAC Refined which was dispersed in a British Disintegrator and then a mixing tank as described above in Example 8.
  • Table VII and Figure 2 demonstrate that the characteristic of snap or gloss difference is significantly superior for the BAC coated paper as opposed to the commercial grade papers.
  • Table IX demonstrates the superior surface smoothness and surface strength of the BAC coated sheet over other brands or types of sheets.
  • the attached photographs, Figures 3 and 4 evidence the surface smoothness property of a BAC coated sheet as compared to the control. Surface smoothness measures the comparative roughness of the imprinted sheet without or with the BAC surface coating as demonstrated in
  • the BAC containing sheets have a significantly smoother surface, both the sheet itself and the printed sheet, than the control.
  • IGT pick or surface strength the commercial grade of papers are supercalendered to achieve a smooth surface whereas the BAC coated sheets showed significant improvement in surface smoothness with only the single thermal nip calendering treatment which involves less expense both in time and capital outlay to achieve a superior surface smoothness.
  • the surface strength values for the BAC coated sheets were significantly higher than the rotogravure sheet results and approaching the value for the offset sheet results, but without the use of supercalendering.
  • the Laboratory Dynamic Former is a device which much more nearly simulates a paper machine than the conventional sheet mold. It comprises a rotating cylindrical forming wire. Stock is flowed or sprayed on the inner surface by a vertically reciprocating supply tube. A device of this type is available from Centre Technique de I'lndustrie des Panda, Cartons et Celluloses, Grenoble, France. Sheets may be layered as desired by sequentially using stock from selected sources. Sheet size is approximately
  • the Dynamic Former was used to prepare sheets coated with three levels and two preparation schedules of bacterial cellulose.
  • Base sheet stock was 65% bleached southern kraft hardwood fiber and 35% bleached softwood kraft.
  • the softwood kraft was refined in a Valley beater to about 425 CSF before mixing with the unrefined hardwood fiber.
  • the bacterial cellulose was dispersed at low consistency in a British Disintegrator. One portion was further homogenized in a high shear
  • Cowles mixer Sheets were made to a basis weight of about 75 g/m 2 . Following formation of the base sheet, the bacterial cellulose stock slurry was applied to give one side surface coatings of about 1.0, 0.5, and 0.3%, based on total sheet weight. The homogenized BAC was used only at the 1% level.
  • a control sheet was prepared as above but without any BAC surface treatment, AE of the sheets were then tested for printing properties as described in the previous examples.
  • a commercially available lightweight coated offset paper and a similar uncoated offset paper were tested as comparisons.
  • Table X shows the properties achieved.
  • a bacterial cellulose suspension applied as a surface coating during wet end formation will inherently migrate into the sheet to some extent. This may be very desirable for some purposes. However, it tends to be an inefficient way to apply BAC when the intended purpose is to improve surface properties for printing.
  • slurries of BAC fiber can be effectively applied to base stock at a conventional size press or by using one of several well known types of coaters.
  • a run was made using a 71 g/m 2 base stock with a 460 mm wide inelined pilot scale size press. The raw stock was an unsized, in terms of having no size press applied surface sizing, bleached kraft eastern softwood electrographic copy paper base.
  • Bacterial cellulose fiber was dispersed in water and run into a Deliteur mixer. Low viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose
  • CMC CMC
  • the CMC was used to improve uniformity of the BAC suspension.
  • a suitable grade of CMC is available from Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware as type 7L.
  • a first run was made at a speed of 150 m/min applying 4.15 kg/T total solids (BAC + CMC) to both sides of the sheet from a suspension having about 0.6% total solids content.
  • a second run was made at an operating speed of 260 m/min with a solids application of about 5 kg/ton, again applied to both sides of the sheet.
  • Total BAC usage in the first sample was thus about 0.3% total or about 0.15% on each face of the sheet.
  • the second sample usage was about
  • the finished coated samples and a base rawstock sample were hot calendered before testing, as described in Example 4.
  • Table XI shows the properties of the treated sheets compared with untreated base stock, finished (conventionally sized) electrographic copy paper, and a high grade lightweight coated offset paper.
  • BAC Coated Sheets - Second Size Press Run An additional size press coating run was made in similar fashion to the run just described in Example 9. However, an expanded set of treatments was used. BAC and homogenized BAC were run with and without carboxymethyl cellulose. The ratio of BAC to CMC was increased to 4:1. In addition, runs were made with CMC alone and cooked starch alone. One run was made in which the base stock was treated with 442 kg/T of water only at the size press so that it would have similar wetting and drying to the other samples. Sheet speed through the size press was varied between 150 and 305 m/min.
  • Table XII shows the operating speed at the size press, solids content of the coating, and solids pickup. Table XIII gives properties of the treated sheets. All sheets except the one designated were hot nip calendered on the wire side and print tests were made on that surface. One sample was calendered and printed on the felt side for a comparison. TABLE XII
  • the sheets size press coated with the BAC-CMC mixture had excellent print properties which approached the commercial lightweight coated offset papers.
  • the CMC acts as a suspending and dispersing agent for the bacterial cellulose. This, in turn, appears to give a considerably more uniform and pore free coating on the raw stock surface, as indicated by the air porosity values.
  • CMC and BAC are clearly synergistic in this regard.
  • CMC by itself was little different from the water treated control sheet in all properties except brightness.
  • Other suspending agents besides CMC are expected to be equally useful. These would include both natural and synthetic materials such as water soluble cellulose ethers.
  • Experiments made using Alco gum showed it to be equivalent to CMC.
  • Alco gum is supplied in the form of a reactive acidic emulsion based on a copolymer of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate and is available from Alco Chemical Co., Chattanooga, Tennessee.
  • the sample coated with starch simulated the surface sizing that would normally have been applied to the base raw stock.
  • the base stock was an electrographic paper that had not received surface sizing.
  • the applied coating was a 4:1 mixture of BAC and low viscosity CMC.
  • the BAC/CMC mixture had 1.0% total solids content. This was applied to the wire side of the base stock using the short dwell coater and the felt side with the blade metering coater.
  • Tests were run at speeds of 397 m/min on the blade metering coater and 305 m/min on the short dwell coater.
  • the applied coating on the short dwell run was only 1.65 kg/T, equivalent to 1.32 kg/T of BAC.
  • Coating weight on the blade metering run was about 2 kg/T equivalent to about 1.6 kg/T of BAC.
  • AE samples were hot nip calendered as described in Example 4, prior to printing and testing.

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  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

Bande fibreuse présentant un traitement de surface contenant de la cellulose bactérienne et procédé de traitement superficiel de ladite bande fibreuse. La cellulose bactérienne est appliquée sur une surface au moins d'une bande fibreuse, pour obtenir des produits tels qu'un matériau à imprimer indiqué pour les magazines ou les annonces publicitaires, à l'aide d'un équipement traditionnel de production de papier. La cellulose bactérienne peut être appliquée seule ou en combinaison avec d'autres matériaux tels que des agents de charge ou des pigments. La cellulose bactérienne appliquée en concentrations relativement faibles confère d'excellentes propriétés de brillant, de lissé, de réceptivité et de pouvoir couvrant de l'encre, et de résistance superficielle.
PCT/US1988/001375 1987-05-04 1988-04-22 Cellulose bacterienne utilisee comme traitement de surface pour bandes fibreuses Ceased WO1988008899A1 (fr)

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US4598587A 1987-05-04 1987-05-04
US045,985 1987-05-04

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016097964A1 (fr) * 2014-12-18 2016-06-23 Stora Enso Oyj Procédé de production d'un substrat revêtu comprenant des fibres cellulosiques
CN106930140A (zh) * 2017-04-27 2017-07-07 北京观澜科技有限公司 一种防油纸及其生产方法
CN108625219A (zh) * 2018-05-21 2018-10-09 浙江杭化新材料科技有限公司 一种疏水防油纸的制备方法
US10214859B2 (en) 2016-04-05 2019-02-26 Fiberlean Technologies Limited Paper and paperboard products
US11846072B2 (en) 2016-04-05 2023-12-19 Fiberlean Technologies Limited Process of making paper and paperboard products

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WO2016097964A1 (fr) * 2014-12-18 2016-06-23 Stora Enso Oyj Procédé de production d'un substrat revêtu comprenant des fibres cellulosiques
US20170342661A1 (en) * 2014-12-18 2017-11-30 Stora Enso Oyj Process for the production of a coated substance comprising cellulosic fibres
US10138599B2 (en) 2014-12-18 2018-11-27 Stora Enso Oyj Process for the production of a coated substance comprising cellulosic fibres
US10214859B2 (en) 2016-04-05 2019-02-26 Fiberlean Technologies Limited Paper and paperboard products
US10801162B2 (en) 2016-04-05 2020-10-13 Fiberlean Technologies Limited Paper and paperboard products
US11274399B2 (en) 2016-04-05 2022-03-15 Fiberlean Technologies Limited Paper and paperboard products
US11732421B2 (en) 2016-04-05 2023-08-22 Fiberlean Technologies Limited Method of making paper or board products
US11846072B2 (en) 2016-04-05 2023-12-19 Fiberlean Technologies Limited Process of making paper and paperboard products
US12203223B2 (en) 2016-04-05 2025-01-21 Fiberlean Technologies, Ltd. Method of making paper or board products
CN106930140A (zh) * 2017-04-27 2017-07-07 北京观澜科技有限公司 一种防油纸及其生产方法
CN108625219A (zh) * 2018-05-21 2018-10-09 浙江杭化新材料科技有限公司 一种疏水防油纸的制备方法
CN108625219B (zh) * 2018-05-21 2021-03-16 浙江杭化新材料科技有限公司 一种疏水防油纸的制备方法

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