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WO1988006470A1 - Monoski with a double binding - Google Patents

Monoski with a double binding Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988006470A1
WO1988006470A1 PCT/EP1988/000114 EP8800114W WO8806470A1 WO 1988006470 A1 WO1988006470 A1 WO 1988006470A1 EP 8800114 W EP8800114 W EP 8800114W WO 8806470 A1 WO8806470 A1 WO 8806470A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ski
monoski
tread
double bond
longitudinal direction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP1988/000114
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Martin Kammerer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT88901825T priority Critical patent/ATE58843T1/en
Priority to DE8888901825T priority patent/DE3861229D1/en
Publication of WO1988006470A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988006470A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
    • A63C5/03—Mono skis; Snowboards

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a monoski according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • This ski is designed entirely for longitudinal guidance. Dynamic driving such as swinging, drifting and turning requires high technical skills and, last but not least, corresponding forces. Driving in deep snow is very difficult.
  • a monoski without binding is known, the tread of which is convexly curved in cross section. Except for the raised front end, the tread is straight in the longitudinal direction.
  • a standing area for the driver which takes up the rear half of the ski, is embedded in the upper side of the ski.
  • the running surface has guide webs projecting radially from the surface.
  • This ski is essentially always with its total length, so that even with a shift in weight by the driver, the contact surface remains almost the same. Due to the lack of a firm connection between the rider and the ski, pressure can only be exerted on the ski in the context of the weight shift, but no pulling action. Dadurc is very limited in influencing the ski and thus limits dynamic skiing.
  • the guide bars exert an undesirable braking effect in most driving conditions; drifting is almost impossible.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a double-bonded monoski that is easy to handle and yet enables dynamic driving.
  • the support surface due to the double convex curvature of the ski, is always only a part of the total running surface, that the support surface, depending on the position of the driver, in the longitudinal direction and can be shifted to the side so that the forces to be overcome when swinging, drifting or turning are relatively low, with no guide elements being a hindrance, that only the lateral longitudinal edges of the tread are used for guidance and that by fastening the double bond at the rear end of the Skies braking in the fall line over the rear edge of the tread is possible.
  • Fig. 1 shows a monoski according to the invention in perspective since r el.
  • Fig. 2 shows the ski of Fig.1 in section II-II
  • the Fig.1 shows a monoski 1 in perspective presen- tation.
  • the ski is shaped in such a way that the tread 5 (FIG. 2) is more longitudinally bent in the middle than at the two ends 2 and 3.
  • the top 6 is shaped accordingly, but this is not the case got to.
  • the front end 2 of the ski 1 is rounded in conventional Wei se.
  • the back end is straight.
  • the rear narrow side 3a bi arcs with the running surface 5 a sharp Kan ⁇ te. This can be increased.
  • heel clips 8b of a double bond 8 are attached to the top 6 of the ski 1.
  • the associated clamping heads 8a are arranged at a distance corresponding to the shoe size of the driver.
  • the tread 5 is convexly bent transversely to the longitudinal direction, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the outer edges of the tread 5 are straight, and steel edges 7 are embedded in the tread 5 for edge reinforcement over this length.
  • the steel edges 7 are flush with the long sides 4 of the ski 1. Due to the double convex curved tread 5, the ski 1 - assuming a fixed contact surface - only has a very small surface area in each tilt and side position. The frictional forces which can hinder turning, drifting and swinging are correspondingly low. This situation can exist, for example, on a stuck slope. But even on softer ground or in deep snow, the frictional pressure will essentially increase restrict only to a relatively small area of the running surface 5, so that the ski 1 remains easy to direct.
  • FIG. 3a to 3c schematically show a skier 10 on a monoski 1 according to FIG. 1 in a side view.
  • F 3a shows the driver 10 in a basic position, in which the ski 1 rests on the ground 11 in the region of the rear third.
  • the ski rolls due to the convex cross-sectional shape of the tread 5 (FIG.)
  • 3b shows the driver 10 in a template in which the center of gravity of the body lies above the center of the ski 1.
  • the ski 1 tilts forward so that it now rests on the ground 11 in the middle in accordance with the illustration.
  • the ski 1 In this position, the ski 1 can be rotated very easily while driving. A slight angular momentum means that swinging is possible without any problems.
  • the convex shape of the tread 5 makes drifting easier and the possibility of the ski 1 tilting is almost ruled out.
  • the F g.3c shows a braking of the journey in the fall line. This is easily achieved by simply shifting your weight. By shifting the center of gravity, the ski 1 is raised at the front and at the same time the rear end 3 of the ski 1 is pressed down. The rear edge of the tread 5 inclined to the ground 11 acts as a braking edge under the weight load.

Landscapes

  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)

Abstract

The ski (1) is convex over its entire length. The double binding (8) is secured to the rear end (3) of the ski and extends over roughly one-third of the length of the ski. The bearing surface also has a convex cross-section to permit lengthwise bending. In the region of the rear third the outer edges of the bearing surface are straight and reinforced with steel edges (7).

Description

Monoski mit einer Doppelbindung Monoski with a double bond

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Monoski gemäß dem Ober begriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a monoski according to the preamble of claim 1.

Durch die DE-OS 22 21 386 ist ein Monoski der vorgenannten Art bekannt. Dieser Ski entspricht in seinem Aufbau im we¬ sentlichen dem eines Alpinskies. Der Ski ist relativ lang und bis auf die hochgezogene Spitze flach, die -Lauffläche ist leicht konkav gebogen, die Doppelbindung ist etwa in de Mitte des Skies angeordnet.From DE-OS 22 21 386 a monoski of the aforementioned type is known. The structure of this ski essentially corresponds to that of alpine gravel. The ski is relatively long and flat except for the raised tip, the tread is slightly concave, the double bond is located approximately in the middle of the ski.

Dieser Ski ist ganz auf Längsführung ausgelegt. Ein dynami¬ sches Fahren wie Schwingen, Driften und Drehen erfordert ho hes technisches Können und nicht zuletzt entsprec ende Kräf te. Ein Fahren im Tiefschnee ist sehr schwierig.This ski is designed entirely for longitudinal guidance. Dynamic driving such as swinging, drifting and turning requires high technical skills and, last but not least, corresponding forces. Driving in deep snow is very difficult.

Durch die DE-OS 27 49 027 ist ein Monoski ohne Bindung be¬ kannt, dessen Lauffläche im Querschnitt konvex gebogen ist. Bis auf das hochgezogene vordere Ende ist die Lauffläche in Längsrichtung gerade. Statt einer Bindung ist in die Ober seite des Skies ein die hintere Hälfte des Skies einnehmende Stehbereich für den Fahrer eingelassen. Die Lauffläche hat i der hinteren Hälfte radial aus der Fläche vorstehende Füh¬ rungsstege. Auch dieser Ski liegt im wesentlichen stets mit seiner gesam ten Länge auf, so daß auch bei einer Gewichtsverlagerung durch den Fahrer die Auflagefläche nahezu gleich bleibt. Durch die fehlende feste Verbindung zwischen Fahrer und Ski kann nur m Rahmen der Gewichtsverlagerung Druck auf den Ski ausgeübt werden, jedoch keine Zugwirkung. Dadurc -ist die Einflußnahme auf den Ski stark e ngeschränkt und damit ein dynamisches Fahren begrenzt. Die Fü rungsstege üben in den meisten Fahrzuständen eine unerwünschte bremsende Wirkung aus; ein Driften st so gut wie ausgeschlossen.From DE-OS 27 49 027 a monoski without binding is known, the tread of which is convexly curved in cross section. Except for the raised front end, the tread is straight in the longitudinal direction. Instead of a binding, a standing area for the driver, which takes up the rear half of the ski, is embedded in the upper side of the ski. In the rear half, the running surface has guide webs projecting radially from the surface. This ski is essentially always with its total length, so that even with a shift in weight by the driver, the contact surface remains almost the same. Due to the lack of a firm connection between the rider and the ski, pressure can only be exerted on the ski in the context of the weight shift, but no pulling action. Dadurc is very limited in influencing the ski and thus limits dynamic skiing. The guide bars exert an undesirable braking effect in most driving conditions; drifting is almost impossible.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, einen Monoski mit Doppelbindung zu schaffen, der einfach zu handhaben ist und trotzdem ein dynamisches Fahren ermöglicht.The object of the invention is to provide a double-bonded monoski that is easy to handle and yet enables dynamic driving.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merk¬ male gelöst. Die Unteransprüche zeigen vortei lhafte Ausge¬ staltungen des Erfindungsgegenstandes auf.This object is achieved by the features specified in claim 1. The subclaims show advantageous embodiments of the subject matter of the invention.

Die durch die Erfindung erzielten Vortei le bestehen insbeson dere dar n, daß die Auflagefl che durch die doppelte kon¬ vexe Biegung des Skies stets nur ein Tei l der gesamten Lauf fläche beträgt, daß die Auflagefl che je nach Körperhaltung des Fahrers in Längsr chtung und zur Seite verlagert werden kann, daß dadurch die beim Schwingen, Driften oder Drehen zu überwindenden Kräfte relativ gering sind, wobei keinerlei Führungselemente hinderlich sind, daß nur die seitlichen Längskanten der Lauffläche zur Führung eingesetzt werden und daß durch die Befestigung der Doppelbindung am hinteren Ende des Skies ein Abbremsen in Fallinie über die Hinterkante der Lauffläche möglich ist.The advantages achieved by the invention are, in particular, that the support surface, due to the double convex curvature of the ski, is always only a part of the total running surface, that the support surface, depending on the position of the driver, in the longitudinal direction and can be shifted to the side so that the forces to be overcome when swinging, drifting or turning are relatively low, with no guide elements being a hindrance, that only the lateral longitudinal edges of the tread are used for guidance and that by fastening the double bond at the rear end of the Skies braking in the fall line over the rear edge of the tread is possible.

Anhand eines Ausfü rungsbeispiels wird die Erfindung in Ver bindung mit den Zeichnungen nachfolgend näher erläutert. Es zeigt: Fig. 1 einen Monoski gemäß der Erfindung in Perspektiv- da rs e l lung .Using an exemplary embodiment, the invention is explained in more detail below in conjunction with the drawings. It shows: Fig. 1 shows a monoski according to the invention in perspective since r el.

Fig. 2 den Ski der Fig.1 im Schnitt II-IIFig. 2 shows the ski of Fig.1 in section II-II

Fig. 3a bis 3c drei Handhabungsbeispiele des Monokies ge¬ mäß Fig.1 in schematischer Darstellung, Seiten¬ ansicht3a to 3c three handling examples of the mono gravel according to FIG. 1 in a schematic representation, side view

Die Fig.1 zeigt einen Monoski 1 in perspektivischer Darstel lung. Wie die Zeichnung erkennen läßt, ist der Ski derart g formt, daß die Lauffläche 5 (Fig.2) in Längsrichtung in der Mitte stärker gebogen ist als an den beiden Enden 2 und 3. Die Oberseite 6 ist entsprechend geformt, was aber nicht sei muß. Das vordere Ende 2 des Skies 1 ist in herkömmlicher Wei se abgerundet. Das hintere Ende ist gerade. Die rückwärtige Schmalseite 3a bi ldet mit der Lauffläche 5 eine scharfe Kan¬ te. Diese kann verstärkt sein. Nahe dem rückwärtigen Ende 3 sind auf der Oberseite 6 des Skies 1 Fersenklammern 8b einer Doppelbindung 8 befestigt. In einem der Schuhgröße des Fah¬ rers entsprechenden Abstand sind die zugehörigen Spannköpfe 8a angeordnet. Zusätzlich zur Längsbiegung ist die Laufflä¬ che 5 quer zur Längsrichtung konvex gebogen, wie Fig.2 zeigt Im Bereich des hinteren Drittels sind die Außenkanten der Lauffläche 5 gerade, über diese Länge sind in die Laufflä¬ che 5 zur Kantenverstärkung Stahlkanten 7 eingelassen. Die Stahlkanten 7 schließen bündig mit den Längsseiten 4 des Skies 1 ab. Durch die doppelt konvex gebogene Lauffläche 5 liegt der Ski 1 - eine feste Auflagefläche vorausgesetzt - in jeder Kipp- und Seitenlage nur mit einem sehr geringen Flächenantei l auf. Entsprechend gering sind die Reibungs¬ kräfte, die ein Drehen, Driften und Schwingen behindern kön¬ nen. Diese Situation kann z.B. auf einer festgefahrenen Piste gegeben sein. Aber auch bei weicherem Untergrund oder im Tiefschnee wird sich der Reibungsdruck im wesentlichen nur auf einen relativ kleinen Flächenbereich der Laufflä¬ che 5 beschränken, so daß der Ski 1 leicht dirigierbar bleibt .The Fig.1 shows a monoski 1 in perspective presen- tation. As can be seen in the drawing, the ski is shaped in such a way that the tread 5 (FIG. 2) is more longitudinally bent in the middle than at the two ends 2 and 3. The top 6 is shaped accordingly, but this is not the case got to. The front end 2 of the ski 1 is rounded in conventional Wei se. The back end is straight. The rear narrow side 3a bi arcs with the running surface 5 a sharp Kan ¬ te. This can be increased. Near the rear end 3, heel clips 8b of a double bond 8 are attached to the top 6 of the ski 1. The associated clamping heads 8a are arranged at a distance corresponding to the shoe size of the driver. In addition to the longitudinal bend, the tread 5 is convexly bent transversely to the longitudinal direction, as shown in FIG. 2. In the region of the rear third, the outer edges of the tread 5 are straight, and steel edges 7 are embedded in the tread 5 for edge reinforcement over this length. The steel edges 7 are flush with the long sides 4 of the ski 1. Due to the double convex curved tread 5, the ski 1 - assuming a fixed contact surface - only has a very small surface area in each tilt and side position. The frictional forces which can hinder turning, drifting and swinging are correspondingly low. This situation can exist, for example, on a stuck slope. But even on softer ground or in deep snow, the frictional pressure will essentially increase restrict only to a relatively small area of the running surface 5, so that the ski 1 remains easy to direct.

Die Fig.3a bis 3c zeigen in schematischer Darstellung einen Skifahrer 10 auf einem Monoski 1 gemäß der Fig.1 in Seiten¬ ansicht. Die F g.3a zeigt den Fahrer 10 in einer Grundhal¬ tung, in der Ski 1 im Bereich des hinteren Drittels auf dem Untergrund 11 aufliegt. Bei einer Gewichtsverlagerung zur Seite rollt der Ski aufgrund der konvexen Querschnittsform der Lauffläche 5 (Fig. ) in die eine oder die andere Seiten¬ lage, in der die Stahlkanten 7 zum Einsatz gelangen, die dann Führungsfunktionen übernehmen. Nur dadurch ist eine Schrägfahrt gegenüber dem Driften möglich. D e Fig.3b zeigt den Fahrer 10 in einer Vorlage, in der der Schwerpunkt des Körpers über der Mitte des Skies 1 liegt. Der Ski 1 kippt dadurch nach vorne, so daß er nunmehr entsprechend der Dar¬ stellung in der Mitte auf dem Untergrund 11 aufliegt. In die ser Lage läßt sich der Ski 1 während der Fahrt sehr leicht drehen. Schon durch einen leichten Drehimpuls ist ein Schwin gen ohne Probleme möglich. Durch die konvexe Form der Lauf¬ fläche 5 wird das Driften erleichtert und die Möglichkeit eines Verkantens des Skies 1 fast ausgeschlossen. Die F g.3c zeigt ein Abbremsen der Fahrt in Fallinie. Dieses wird in einfacher Weise durch bloße Gewichtsverlagerung erreicht. Durch die Schwerpunktverlagerung wird der Ski 1 vorne ange¬ hoben und gleichzeitig das rückwärtige Ende 3 des Skies 1 nach unten gedrückt. Die Hinterkante der zum Untergrund 11 schräg angestellten Lauffläche 5 wirkt unter der Gewichtsbe¬ lastung als Bremskante.3a to 3c schematically show a skier 10 on a monoski 1 according to FIG. 1 in a side view. F 3a shows the driver 10 in a basic position, in which the ski 1 rests on the ground 11 in the region of the rear third. When the weight is shifted to the side, the ski rolls due to the convex cross-sectional shape of the tread 5 (FIG.) Into one or the other side position in which the steel edges 7 are used, which then take over guiding functions. This is the only way to enable an inclined run against drifting. 3b shows the driver 10 in a template in which the center of gravity of the body lies above the center of the ski 1. As a result, the ski 1 tilts forward so that it now rests on the ground 11 in the middle in accordance with the illustration. In this position, the ski 1 can be rotated very easily while driving. A slight angular momentum means that swinging is possible without any problems. The convex shape of the tread 5 makes drifting easier and the possibility of the ski 1 tilting is almost ruled out. The F g.3c shows a braking of the journey in the fall line. This is easily achieved by simply shifting your weight. By shifting the center of gravity, the ski 1 is raised at the front and at the same time the rear end 3 of the ski 1 is pressed down. The rear edge of the tread 5 inclined to the ground 11 acts as a braking edge under the weight load.

1 Blatt Zeichnung 1 sheet of drawing

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims 1. Monoski mit einer Doppelbindung, über die die Stiefel des Fahrers nebeneinander in Längsrichtung kraftschlüssig mit dem Ski verbunden sind, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß der Ski (1) oder mindestens die Lauffläche (5) des Skies (1) über die gesamte' Länge konvex gebogen ist, daß die Lauffläche (5) quer zur Längsrichtung konvex gebogen ist und daß die Doppel bindung (8) im hinteren Drittel des Skies (1) befestigt ist.1. Monoski with a double bond, via which the boots of the driver are connected side by side in the longitudinal direction with the ski, characterized in that the ski (1) or at least the tread (5) of the ski (1) bent convexly over the entire ' length is that the tread (5) is convexly bent transversely to the longitudinal direction and that the double bond (8) in the rear third of the ski (1) is attached. 2. Monoski nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß in Längs¬ richtung die konvexe Biegung des Skies (1) bzw. der Laufflä¬ che (5) in der Mitte stärker als an den Enden (2,3) ist.2. Monoski according to claim 1, so that the convex bending of the ski (1) or the running surface (5) in the middle is stronger than at the ends (2, 3) in the longitudinal direction. 3. Monoski nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß der Monoski (1) zwei bis vier mal so lang ist wie die Doppelbindung (8).3. Monoski according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the monoski (1) is two to four times as long as the double bond (8). 4. Monoski nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Außen¬ kanten der Lauffläche (5) im hinteren Drittel des Skies (1) geradlinig verlaufen und eine Kantenverstärkung haben. 4. Monoski according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer edges of the tread (5) in the rear third of the ski (1) are rectilinear and have an edge reinforcement. 5. Monoski nach Anspruch A, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Kanten¬ verstärkung Stahlkanten (7) sind, die in die Lauffläche (5) eingelassen sind und bündig mit den Längsseiten (4) des Skie (1 ) absch li eßen.5. Monoski according to claim A, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the edge reinforcement are steel edges (7) which are embedded in the tread (5) and are flush with the long sides (4) of the ski (1). 6. Monoski nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Hinter¬ kante der Lauffläche (5) scharfkantig ist. 6. Monoski according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the trailing edge of the tread (5) is sharp.
PCT/EP1988/000114 1987-02-25 1988-02-17 Monoski with a double binding Ceased WO1988006470A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88901825T ATE58843T1 (en) 1987-02-25 1988-02-17 MONOSKI WITH A DOUBLE BINDING.
DE8888901825T DE3861229D1 (en) 1987-02-25 1988-02-17 MONOSKI WITH A DOUBLE TIE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873706012 DE3706012A1 (en) 1987-02-25 1987-02-25 MONOSKI WITH A DOUBLE TIE
DEP3706012.0 1987-02-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1988006470A1 true WO1988006470A1 (en) 1988-09-07

Family

ID=6321723

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1988/000114 Ceased WO1988006470A1 (en) 1987-02-25 1988-02-17 Monoski with a double binding

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0305424B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3706012A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1988006470A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5135249A (en) * 1991-02-07 1992-08-04 Morris James K Snowboard having a shaped bottom surface for stability

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10229151B4 (en) * 2002-06-28 2010-04-08 Top Thomas Preuhs E.K. Sports equipment

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1595534A (en) * 1968-02-22 1970-06-15
US3947049A (en) * 1974-11-05 1976-03-30 Alec Pedersen Mono-ski
DE2801859A1 (en) * 1978-01-17 1979-07-19 Manfred Dipl Ing Meyer Monoski with control runners - brought into contact with snow by changes in weight distribution
DE2836366A1 (en) * 1978-08-19 1980-02-28 Juergen Hanne Sports sledge appts. for sliding on snow - consists of board with distinct front, centre and rear sliding surfaces with front and rear used to maintain direction
EP0099664A2 (en) * 1982-06-30 1984-02-01 Luckit Pty. Limited Improved toboggan

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1595534A (en) * 1968-02-22 1970-06-15
US3947049A (en) * 1974-11-05 1976-03-30 Alec Pedersen Mono-ski
DE2801859A1 (en) * 1978-01-17 1979-07-19 Manfred Dipl Ing Meyer Monoski with control runners - brought into contact with snow by changes in weight distribution
DE2836366A1 (en) * 1978-08-19 1980-02-28 Juergen Hanne Sports sledge appts. for sliding on snow - consists of board with distinct front, centre and rear sliding surfaces with front and rear used to maintain direction
EP0099664A2 (en) * 1982-06-30 1984-02-01 Luckit Pty. Limited Improved toboggan

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5135249A (en) * 1991-02-07 1992-08-04 Morris James K Snowboard having a shaped bottom surface for stability

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0305424A1 (en) 1989-03-08
DE3861229D1 (en) 1991-01-17
DE3706012A1 (en) 1988-09-08
EP0305424B1 (en) 1990-12-05

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