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WO1988003209A1 - Poutre - Google Patents

Poutre Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1988003209A1
WO1988003209A1 PCT/SE1987/000506 SE8700506W WO8803209A1 WO 1988003209 A1 WO1988003209 A1 WO 1988003209A1 SE 8700506 W SE8700506 W SE 8700506W WO 8803209 A1 WO8803209 A1 WO 8803209A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rods
flanges
produced
web
anchorage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SE1987/000506
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Lars Stalin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STALIN KONSULTER AB
Original Assignee
STALIN KONSULTER AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SE8604630A external-priority patent/SE8604630D0/xx
Priority claimed from SE8604629A external-priority patent/SE8604629D0/xx
Application filed by STALIN KONSULTER AB filed Critical STALIN KONSULTER AB
Publication of WO1988003209A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988003209A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
    • E04C3/292—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being wood and metal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a beam with flanges manufactured of wood and a beam web connected to the flanges and consisting of rods manufactured from metallic tube or rod material, the rods extending reciprocally between the flanges and being anchored in the flanges.
  • Beams of the type mentioned by way of introduction are known in a plurality of different variations, of which one is described in Swedish Printed Application No. 7610600-4.
  • the web is produced from a continuous length of round or square iron extending in zigzag formation between the beam flanges.
  • the bent portions of the web i.e. its V-shaped bent elbows or hairpins are anchored in the beam flanges in recesses provided therein.
  • a beam of the above-described type possesses the advantages of light weight and low cost, but nevertheless suffers from a number of serious drawbacks, of which the primary is caused by the fact that the beam web is manufactured in one piece.
  • practically the sole solution available is a beam web of a maximum of 8 mm round steel or corresponding box steel. The reason for this is that these material dimensions are the largest available on the market in hot dip production. To manufacture a beam web in larger dimensions and then hot dip the web before assembly of the beam is carried out is, for reasons of cost, quite unrealistic.
  • the object of the present invention is to realise a beam of the type disclosed by way of introduction, the beam being designed in such a manner that it may simply and cheaply be manufactured in optional dimensions without any need to fear the occurrence of problems in the corrosion protection of the beam web.
  • the present invention also has for its object to realise a beam which is designed in such a manner that it can be made of uniform strength throughout its entire length in the event of more or less continuous loading, in other words the beam possesses optimum strength properties.
  • the beam according to the present invention is characterised in that at least certain of the rods are of cross-sectional configuration, of a cross-sectional area, or of a material which differs from those applying to remaining rods.
  • At least certain of the rods are suitably interconnected with one another and with the flanges by the intermediary of anchorage bodies which are produced from a rigidly settable plastic material and which are accommodated in corresponding recesses in the flanges.
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of a beam according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the beam of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a detailed view of one of the flanges included in the beam at an anchorage region for the beam web;
  • Fig. 4 is a section taken along the line A-A in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a detailed view of one of the beam flanges in one of the anchorage regions for the beam web, this embodiment being slightly modified;
  • Fig. 6 is a section taken along the line B-B in Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 shows a detail of a beam flange at an anchorage region for the beam web in a further modified embodiment;
  • Fig. 8 is a section taken along the line C-C in Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 9 is a section similar to the section of Fig. 8, but with a modified embodiment of the beam web;
  • Fig. 10 is a corresponding section with yet a further embodiment of the beam web.
  • a beam according to the present invention has two beam flanges 1 and 2, and a beam web 3 extending therebetween.
  • the beam flanges are manufactured of wood, while the beam web is manufactured of metal, preferably steel.
  • the beam web 3 is manufactured of tube or rod material and may, along certain portions of the beam, be bent in one piece from a longer continuous length of this material, while the web may, along other sections of the beam, be manufactured of separate rods 4, so that there will thereby be formed a beam web between the beam flanges 1 and 2 which has reciprocally extending rods 4.
  • closely adjacent rods 4 will have bent conjunction regions which may be V-shaped, U-shaped or bent in any other suitable configuration.
  • these bent conjunction regions between closely adjacent rods 4 are accommodated interiorly in recesses in the two beam flanges 1 and 2.
  • For those portions of the beam web 3 which are manufactured of separate rods 4 their design will be described in greater detail below, but it may already be assumed that the end portions of these rods 4 are accommodated in recesses in the beam flanges 1 and 2.
  • the rods forming the beam web 3 have been shown as straight rods which run in zigzag formation at an angle of approximately 60° in relation to the longitudinal direction of the beam flanges.
  • the rods 4 need not be arranged in this manner, but the angle between the rods and the beam flanges may vary within broad limits. In practice, a range of between 45° and 60° has proved to be usable, in which instance 45° provides the best transfer of forces between the flanges and the rods. This entails that if the rods are viewed as rigid, an optimum strength will be obtained for this angle. However, employing this angle, the rods placed under compressive loading will have a relatively large free buckling length, for which reason relatively high demands will, naturally, be placed on the material dimensions in the rods.
  • rods 4 may be appropriate to arrange such rods 4 as, on loading of the beam, will be exposed to compressive loading at a greater angle to the flanges of the beam than is the case with such rods 4 as are exposed to tensile stress.
  • the beam flanges 1 and 2 are shown as being approximately square in cross-section, but, of course, this is not a critical requirement according to the present invention, instead the cross-sectional configuration of the beam flanges may be completely different and may, for instance, be rectangular or be of any other form which proves to be practical in view of the use to which the beam is put or in view of the manner of its manufacture.
  • Figs. 3 to 8 show how web rods 4 of one piece manufacture are arranged in recesses 5 of different designs provided in the beam flanges 1 and 2. If it is assumed, in Figs. 3 to 8, that the illustrated beam flange is the lower beam flange 2, Figs.
  • recesses 5 are provided in the beam flanges 1 and 2, the recesses being, according to Figs. 3, 4, and 7, 8, respectively, defined by end walls 6 and a bottom wall 7, while those shown according to Figs. 5 and 6 are defined by outer end walls 16, inner end walls 17, outer bottom walls 18 and an inner bottom wall 19, such that the recess will have an outer portion 14 and an inner portion 15. It will be apparent from the Drawings that the end walls 6, and 16 and 17, respectively, are approximately at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the beam flange 2, or at least transversely directed in relation thereto.
  • an anchorage body 9 which is formed of a plastic composition with a thermosetting plastic and a suitable filler.
  • thermosetting plastic use may, for example, be made of polyesters, epoxy or vinyl and the proportion of filler in the plastic composition should be at least 50%.
  • the plastic composition is poured as a liquid or viscous paste into each recess 5 completely around the portions of the rods 4 accommodated in the recesses, so that the recesses will be completely filled with the plastic composition. Once this has set, the result will be a form permanent stable anchorage body which is firmly connected to the rods (by surrounding them) and which is of the same form as the recess 5.
  • every other rod 4 When a beam designed according to the present invention is placed under loading, every other rod 4 will be exposed to tensile stress, while every second rod will be exposed to compressive loading.
  • the anchorage body 9 must be given material properties which, as far as is possible, approach the properties of both the steel and of the wood material.
  • the elasticity modulus in the wood material may vary between the order of magnitude of 10 000 and twice that level, depending upon the type of wood employed.
  • the elasticity modulus for steel lies beyond 20 000, for which reason considerable differences may. be present in the size of the deformations which the different materials undergo on being placed under load.
  • the material properties may be varied in a plurality of different manners, int. al. by varying the content of filler, the particle size of the filler employed and, of course, also the type of plastic material used, as well as the degree of setting and curing of the plastic material. Further parameters which may be employed for modifying the elasticity modulus of the plastic composition are the strength properties (materials properties) and the structure of the filler.
  • One method of realising a more or less 'continuous' transition, in terms of strength properties, between the different material properties resides in the fact that the anchorage body is given, in its central regions, an elasticity modulus which approximates that of steel, while, in its peripheral areas which come into contact with the wood material in the beam flanges, it may be given a considerably lower elasticity modulus, in that the outer portions of the anchorage body are not permitted to set and cure to as great an extent as the more centrally located portions.
  • the form and dimensions of the recess 5 in relation to the form and dimensions of the rods 4 may be of decisive importance.
  • the end walls of the recess 5 are arched with a radius of curvature which approximately corresponds to the diameter of the rods 4.
  • the transitional regions between the end walls and the bottom wall, and the bottom walls, respectively are rounded with a radius which is of approximately the same order of magnitude as the diameter of the rods 4.
  • the bottom wall itself may also suitably be curved with approximately the same radius as the diameter of the rods 4.
  • Figs. 3 and 4 there may be provided, transversely of, or approximately at right angles to the plane of the beam web 3, one or more channels 10 from the side surface of the beam flange 2 in to the recess 5, through the recess and a further distance into the opposing side of the beam flange.
  • These channels may be employed for introduction of the plastic composition which is to form the anchorage body, if the plastic composition is not introduced in the recess from above, that is to say from that side which is turned to face towards the beam web 3.
  • the channels 10 will be filled with plastic material so that, thereby, the anchorage body will be even more reliably form-permanently fixed in the beam flanges 1 and 2.
  • the anchorage body 9 will, on loading of the beam, show a tendency to twist in the recess 5 about the axis 22.
  • a transverse metal pin or other type of plug of good strength properties may be embedded in the anchorage body, these pins being located a distance from the axis 22 (approximately as one or more of the channels 10) and extending into corresponding bores in the beam flanges.
  • the description presented above has substantially related to such portions of the beam web 3 as are manufactured from a continuous length of rod or tube material.
  • portions as are subjected to heavy loading, or if, for example, the dimensions of the beam are increased above a certain limit, the rods 4 included in the beam web 3 will be of relatively great length, for which reason their resistance to buckling rapidly reduces. This implies that if no special measures are adopted to stabilise the rods 4 subjected to compressive loading, the risk of buckling in the rods will rapidly increase to an unacceptable level.
  • each rod 4 will be of separate manufacture.
  • both of the rods are provided, at their ends, with angled hook portions 20 whose bending angle approximately corres- ponds to the angle between the above-discussed rods 4 in the embodiment according to Figs. 3 and 4.
  • Fig. 9 shows an embodiment of the present invention in which a slighter or slimmer rod 4 is, as intimated by the arrow, subjected to tensile stress, while a more robust, or thicker rod 4 is subjected to compressive loading.
  • the two hook-like portions 20 are nested in one another such that the ends of the rods are in mutual contact and, in addition, the hook portion of the thicker rod is laid interiorly in the hook portion of the slimmer rod.
  • both tensile stresses and compressive loadings may be transferred between the rods directly metal-to-metal.
  • Fig. 9 may have its central portion produced of rods 4 of the slimmer type and, furthermore, the rods placed in the end portions of the beam and subject to tensile stresses may also be of the same relatively slight material dimension.
  • the rods placed under compressive loading should be designed with a thicker material cross-section, be of a superior material quality or be of tubular cross-section so that the resistance to buckling will thereby be sufficient.
  • several different material dimensions or cross-sectional configurations may be employed in one and the same beam, so that the overall strength will thereby be at the fully optimum level.
  • the recess 5 for the anchorage body 9 must, naturally, be slightly wider than is the case in the embodiment according to Figs. 3 and 4, so that sufficient space may thereby be made available on both sides of the thicker rod 4.
  • Fig. 10 illustrates yet a further embodiment of the present invention which permits separate production of each individual rod 4. Also in this embodiment, the rods are provided with angled hook portions 20, but, as opposed to the embodiment according to Fig. 9, these hook portions are solely laid side-by-side interiorly in the anchorage body 9.
  • a recess 5 which consists of two part recesses which are offset somewhat in relation to one another in the longitudinal direction of the beam flanges, so that the end regions of the composite recess will be narrower, such that dimensioning of these end regions corresponds to that disclosed above with reference to Figs. 3 and 4.
  • the central region of the composite recess in other words that part of the composite recess where both of the part recesses overlap and are in communication with one another, will, by this arrangement, obtain greater width, in which event the width here corresponds approximately to the sum total of the widths of the two part recesses.
  • the defining limits of the wider central portion of the composite recess are shown in Fig. 10 by means of broken lines 21.
  • This design of the recess 5 will entail a reduction of consumption of the plastic composition in the anchorage body 9, and, in addition, the form-permanent retention of the anchorage body 9, and its cooperation with the beam flanges may be further improved.
  • Figs. 9 and 10 permits certain parts of the beam web to be produced in one continuous piece as described with reference to Figs. 3 and 4, while other parts of the beam web are produced by separate individual rods, such that adaptation of the strength properties of the rods may thereby be made to meet the loading which can be expected to prevail locally in the beam.
  • the rods 4 may have compressed planar end portions which are bent and conjointed in full analogy with the hook portions 20 according to Fig. 9.
  • channels 10 All embodiments of the present invention allow for the employment of one or more channels 10, or for their exclusion. But if channels 10 are to be employed, these must be placed in the neutral line of the beam flanges, that is to say in that line where the tension on loading of the beam is, in principle, zero. As was mentioned above, the elasticity modulus in the anchorage body may vary depending upon position.
  • the elasticity modulus may also be varied locally - in addition to using the above-discussed methods - by using two different composite plastic compositions (the same basic plastic but with different filler properties) in one and the same anchorage body.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

Poutre avec des semelles (1, 2) en bois et une âme (3) à configuration en zigzag qui comprend essentiellement des tiges (4) de métal maintenues de manière fixe dans des corps plastiques (9) placés dans des évidements (5) ménagés dans les semelles (1, 2). Ces tiges sont pourvues de parties angulaires (20) qui sont logées dans les corps plastiques, et les tiges (4), dans une région centrale de la poutre, sont plus légères que dans les régions extrêmes de cette dernière. De plus, les tiges (4) qui, lors du chargement de la poutre, sont exposées à des charges de compression, sont de manière appropriée plus épaisses que le reste des tiges (4).
PCT/SE1987/000506 1986-10-30 1987-10-29 Poutre Ceased WO1988003209A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8604630-7 1986-10-30
SE8604630A SE8604630D0 (sv) 1986-10-30 1986-10-30 Balk samt sett att framstella densamma
SE8604629-9 1986-10-30
SE8604629A SE8604629D0 (sv) 1986-10-30 1986-10-30 Balk

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1988003209A1 true WO1988003209A1 (fr) 1988-05-05

Family

ID=26659559

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1987/000507 Ceased WO1988003210A1 (fr) 1986-10-30 1987-10-29 Poutre et procede pour sa fabrication
PCT/SE1987/000506 Ceased WO1988003209A1 (fr) 1986-10-30 1987-10-29 Poutre
PCT/SE1987/000508 Ceased WO1988003211A1 (fr) 1986-10-30 1987-10-29 Poutre

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1987/000507 Ceased WO1988003210A1 (fr) 1986-10-30 1987-10-29 Poutre et procede pour sa fabrication

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1987/000508 Ceased WO1988003211A1 (fr) 1986-10-30 1987-10-29 Poutre

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0328544A1 (fr)
AU (3) AU8231087A (fr)
DK (1) DK157205C (fr)
WO (3) WO1988003210A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993011323A1 (fr) * 1991-12-02 1993-06-10 George Wegler Cable et dispositif de support

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19933101C1 (de) * 1999-07-15 2001-05-23 Hvg Haas Vertriebsgesellschaft Tragsystem aus Gitterträger und Profilholz
DE29913348U1 (de) 1999-07-15 1999-10-28 HVG-Haaß Vertriebsgesellschaft für Bauelemente mbH, 64331 Weiterstadt Tragsystem aus Gitterträger und Profilholz
WO2017008158A1 (fr) 2015-07-13 2017-01-19 9306-1695 Québec Inc. Ferme en i composite

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1980001297A1 (fr) * 1978-12-19 1980-06-26 Frelena Ab Solive du type a croisillons
CH625586A5 (fr) * 1976-09-24 1981-09-30 Bengt Ake Kindberg
WO1985002878A1 (fr) * 1983-12-20 1985-07-04 Roger Ericsson Poutre
WO1986005537A1 (fr) * 1985-03-22 1986-09-25 Larsson, Björn Poutre et procede de production

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3137899A (en) * 1960-10-04 1964-06-23 Arthur L Troutner Composite truss
DE2051164A1 (de) * 1970-10-19 1972-06-08 Koch, Gunter, Dipl Ing , 6901 Wie senbach Fertigbau Verbundelement
DE2058113A1 (de) * 1970-11-26 1972-05-31 Koch Guenter Dipl Ing Bautafel und Verbindung derselben mit einer anderen Bautafel bzw. mit einer festen Wand
US3961455A (en) * 1973-05-29 1976-06-08 Peters Dierk D Truss support connector
DE2603827A1 (de) * 1976-02-02 1977-08-04 Berger Geb Braeunig Hildegard Fassaden-verbundplatte
US4416102A (en) * 1980-09-02 1983-11-22 Peters Dierk D Plastic bushing for use with steel/wood truss structures

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH625586A5 (fr) * 1976-09-24 1981-09-30 Bengt Ake Kindberg
WO1980001297A1 (fr) * 1978-12-19 1980-06-26 Frelena Ab Solive du type a croisillons
WO1985002878A1 (fr) * 1983-12-20 1985-07-04 Roger Ericsson Poutre
WO1986005537A1 (fr) * 1985-03-22 1986-09-25 Larsson, Björn Poutre et procede de production

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993011323A1 (fr) * 1991-12-02 1993-06-10 George Wegler Cable et dispositif de support

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8231287A (en) 1988-05-25
AU8231087A (en) 1988-05-25
EP0328544A1 (fr) 1989-08-23
WO1988003211A1 (fr) 1988-05-05
DK358588D0 (da) 1988-06-29
DK157205C (da) 1990-08-06
DK358588A (da) 1988-06-29
AU8231187A (en) 1988-05-25
WO1988003210A1 (fr) 1988-05-05
DK157205B (da) 1989-11-20

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