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WO1988001472A1 - Culture de champigons - Google Patents

Culture de champigons Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988001472A1
WO1988001472A1 PCT/GB1987/000605 GB8700605W WO8801472A1 WO 1988001472 A1 WO1988001472 A1 WO 1988001472A1 GB 8700605 W GB8700605 W GB 8700605W WO 8801472 A1 WO8801472 A1 WO 8801472A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
polymer
bed
nutrient
swollen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB1987/000605
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Barry Anthony Thompson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO1988001472A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988001472A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost

Definitions

  • This invention relates to fungus cultivation, in particular edible mushrooms.
  • Mushrooms are widely cultivated.
  • a standard cultivation procedure comprises growing the mycelia in compost.
  • the growing mycelia are covered by a layer which must include water in a readilyavailable form, e.g. in the form of water-swollen "beads" of a suitable polymer.
  • Compost must be added weekly; the overall procedure requires considerable handling of the mycelia and is time-consuming. Examples of such techniques can be found in GB-A-2 146 319, GB-A-1 376 091 and JP-A-58212722. In all of these cases, the polymer is used in conjunction with substantial quantities of soil or other substrate, and is used solely to provide a steady supply of available water.
  • Water-swellable polymers e.g. the "super absorbent" polymers based on acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile, are well known. They have been used as a substrate for the growth of silage, and they have been proposed as a means for providing water to plants in very dry climates, e.g. in deserts.
  • the present invention uses a radically different approach and provides a method of growing fungi using polymer as substantially the only substrate, with suitable nutrients being provided also.
  • the method of the invention uses a water-swellable water-insoluble polymer constituting, when swollen with aqueous liquid, at least 90%, and preferably 95, 99 or 99.5% or more, of the substrate for the fungi.
  • the nutrient may be any suitable nutrient for the fungus in quest ion , but preferably includes lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses, plus a nitrogen source, minerals and any "hormones" which may be applicable. It has been found that a water-extract of cow dung provides a surprisingly effective and cheap nutrient solution.
  • the nutrient solution may be used to swell the polymer or may be added later, following swelling of the polymer with water.
  • the nutrient may not be presented as a solution or suspension as such, by may be used as a slurry or as a water-leachable solid matter, not exceeding 10% of the total substrate.
  • the amount will depend on its concentration: conventional mushroom compost may be used at 5%, or concentrated nutrient at 1% or less.
  • a composition according to the invention comprises a nutrient and water-swollen or water-swellable polymer, in admixture or separately packaged as a kit, the proportion of polymer being at least 90% when swollen.
  • the bed (substrate) is about 12-23 cm deep and is prepared laboriously over an approximately 3 week period. 4 to 9 "flushes" of mushrooms are obtained from a given mass of mycelium, in order to spread the cost of establishing the bed.
  • the bed in accordance with the invention can be prepared in only 6 to 24 hours, and therefore at a greatly reduced cost.
  • the minimum depth of substrate which is now required may be about 25 mm, which represents a six-fold decrease with respect to the conventional procedure described above.
  • About 2 to 4 cm is, however, preferred.
  • a "single-flush" system is therefore economical and would allow the mushrooms to be picked mechanically, which has not previously been possible.
  • the production time can be 40% less than before.
  • the bed of substrate and mycelium will usually be "cased" in the conventional way, for example with soil which may or may not contain swollen polymer as is taught in GB-A-2 146 319.
  • the polymer used in the bed may be any suitable material which is non-toxic for the fungus (and preferably also for humans, in case any becomes mixed in with the harvested mushrooms) and which absorbs sufficient water or aqueous nutrient.
  • Non-ionic polyacrylamides are particularly suitable and may be obtained from S.N.F. Floerger of St. Stienne, France, under the trade designations PROO55P and PROO5A. It has also been found that polyacrylamides are not too prone to contamination with undesirable moulds.
  • suitable polymers may be derived from monomers such as (meth)acrylic acid and (meth) acrylamide.
  • the monomers or unlinked polymers should be insoluble.
  • the monomers or polymers are soluble, but are cross-linked to be insoluble.
  • Classes of polymer which may be of utility are polyvinyl alcohol, methacrylate-polystyrene, starch-acrylonitrile and polyalkylene oxides.
  • the polymer may be a homopolymer or copolymer, e.g. a graft copolymer.
  • Sodium, potassium or ammonium poly(meth) acrylates may be used; sodium/ potassium may itself be valuable as a nutrient for the fungus.
  • Particular polymers include ammonium polyacrylate cross-linked by 500 ppm. MBA (available from SNF, St. Etienne, France as PB48C); a copolymer of acrylamide and sodium acrylate (70/30) cross-linked by 500 ppm. MBA (PR3005); sodium polyacrylate cross-linked by 50 ppm. MBA (PR9910); sodium polyacrylate cross-linked by 30ppm.
  • MBA available from SNF, St. Etienne, France as PB48C
  • MBA and post-treated with 0.2% ethylene glycol diepoxy PR9910T
  • a copolymer of acrylamide and potassium acrylate 70/30) cross linked by 20,000 ppm ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (OL610); a copolymer of sodium acrylate and vinyl alcohol (70/30) (avilable from Sumitomo)
  • polyethylene oxide cross-linked by gamma rays starch grafted with acrylonitrile and saponified; starch grafted with acrylic acid; styrene/maleic anhydride copolymer (salt); PVA/maleic anhydride and a copolymer of acrylamide and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (95/5) cross-linked by 550 ppm.
  • MBA ethylene glycol diepoxy
  • the polymers may be anionics such as polymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic, crotonic, sulphopropylie, vinyl suphonic or styrene sulphonic; nonionics such as polymers of acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylic esters, vinyl alcohol, vinylacetates, or polyethylene oxide; cationics such as dimethylaminoethyl acrylate or methacrylate salts dimethyldiallylammonium chloride; or copolymers of these water-soluble monomers between themselves or with some insoluble monomers,
  • polymers swell in water but do not dissolve because they are cross-linked by (a) monomers with 2, 3 or 4 double bonds, such as ethylene glycol diacrylate or dimethacrylate, methylenebisacrylamide or methacrylate or polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate; (b) by reactive compounds like formaldehyde, glyoxal, amino resins like Kymine (epichlorhydrin, diethylenetriamine, adipic acid) glycol diglycidylether; (c) by gamma or beta rays; or (d) by polyvalent metals like aluminium, iron etc.
  • Such materials may take up water and swell by a factor (w/w) of at least 10, eg. 20 or more, and often 50, 100, 200, 400, 500, 800, 1000, 1200, 1500 or more.
  • EXAMPLE These trials consisted of forming an expanded polymer bed in a plastic container.
  • the polymers were PR0055P and PR005A, both non-ionic polyacrylamides from SNF Floerger of France.
  • the polymer bed was formed by swelling about 800g of the polymer with approximately 100 litres of water. This process takes 6 - 24 hours.
  • the water used was normal tap water. 5kg of ground-down conventional mushroom compost was used as the nutrient.
  • sterile grain coated with mushroom spores (Agaricus bisporus) was seeded in the polymer beds which varied in depth from 2 cm to 30 cm and the beds were maintained at an air temperature of 23-25oC and under conventional light conditions.
  • the water which is used to swell the polymer is first warmed to about 15oC or more. This further helps to accelerate the overall growing time.
  • the main commercial use of the invention is to grow the common field mushroom. (Agaricus campestris,) or button mushroom (A. bisporus), although other edible fungi such as Flammulinaa velupipes Karst, Lyophyllum aggregatum and Pholipa nameko S.Itoh et Imai (which do not need a soil casing) may also be grown in this way.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)

Abstract

Un lit destiné à la culture de champignons tels que des champigons communs, est constitué presque entièrement d'un polymère hydro-insoluble et hydrogonflable (tel que du polyacrylamide), d'eau et d'un agent nutritif liquide, tel qu'un extrait aqueux de compost de champignons ou de fumier de vache. Les couches de sous-sol classiques telles que des engrais et de la sciure de bois, ne sont pas utilisées dans ledit lit, quoique des bacs traditionnels peuvent être utilisés. Ledit lit peut être préparé plus rapidement et à moindre coût par rapport au lit traditionnel et facilite la récolte mécanique.
PCT/GB1987/000605 1986-09-01 1987-08-28 Culture de champigons Ceased WO1988001472A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB868621119A GB8621119D0 (en) 1986-09-01 1986-09-01 Mushroom cultivation
GB8621119 1986-09-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1988001472A1 true WO1988001472A1 (fr) 1988-03-10

Family

ID=10603531

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1987/000605 Ceased WO1988001472A1 (fr) 1986-09-01 1987-08-28 Culture de champigons

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0282511A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB8621119D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1988001472A1 (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2723506A1 (fr) * 1994-08-12 1996-02-16 Royal Champignon Sa Gobetage pour la culture de champignons, son procede de preparation et procede de culture de champignons.
FR2723679A1 (fr) * 1994-08-18 1996-02-23 Royal Champignon Sa Nouveau support de culture de mycelium pour les champignons cultives
US5503647A (en) * 1992-01-14 1996-04-02 Campbell Soup Company Mushroom casing spawn
NL1001735C2 (nl) * 1995-11-23 1997-05-27 Johannes Petrus Cornelis Oostv Werkwijze en inrichting voor het telen van zwammen.
WO1998052403A1 (fr) * 1997-05-23 1998-11-26 Oostvogels Johannes P C Procede et dispositif servant a cultiver des champignons
WO2002032213A1 (fr) * 2000-10-16 2002-04-25 Stockhausen Gmbh & Co. Kg Culture de champignons au moyen d'un polymere absorbant l'eau
WO2002035918A1 (fr) * 2000-11-01 2002-05-10 Christopher Raymond Moran Systeme d'arrosage
WO2004010769A1 (fr) * 2002-07-27 2004-02-05 Smart Tech Ltd Systeme d'arrosage de plantes
CN102812850A (zh) * 2012-07-30 2012-12-12 忻州市沐野食用菌研究所 双孢蘑菇林地野生化培育方法
WO2024175670A1 (fr) * 2023-02-21 2024-08-29 Universiteit Utrecht Holding B.V. Substrat amélioré pour champignons

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU4812097A (en) 1996-10-09 1998-05-05 Symyx Technologies, Inc. Infrared spectroscopy and imaging of libraries

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1438817A (fr) * 1965-06-28 1966-05-13 Lion Blancs De Semis Le Support pour cultures de mycélium de champignons notamment de champignon de couche
GB1376091A (en) * 1972-11-06 1974-12-04 Union Carbide Corp Particulate free-flowing insoluble swellable polymers and process for preparation
US4127964A (en) * 1976-11-08 1978-12-05 The Kinoko Company Mushroom composting
GB2146319A (en) * 1983-07-21 1985-04-17 Sumitomo Chemical Co Cultivation of mushrooms

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1438817A (fr) * 1965-06-28 1966-05-13 Lion Blancs De Semis Le Support pour cultures de mycélium de champignons notamment de champignon de couche
GB1376091A (en) * 1972-11-06 1974-12-04 Union Carbide Corp Particulate free-flowing insoluble swellable polymers and process for preparation
US4127964A (en) * 1976-11-08 1978-12-05 The Kinoko Company Mushroom composting
GB2146319A (en) * 1983-07-21 1985-04-17 Sumitomo Chemical Co Cultivation of mushrooms

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5503647A (en) * 1992-01-14 1996-04-02 Campbell Soup Company Mushroom casing spawn
FR2723506A1 (fr) * 1994-08-12 1996-02-16 Royal Champignon Sa Gobetage pour la culture de champignons, son procede de preparation et procede de culture de champignons.
WO1996004777A1 (fr) * 1994-08-12 1996-02-22 S.A. Royal Champignon Gobetage pour la culture de champignons, son procede de preparation et procede de culture de champignons
FR2723679A1 (fr) * 1994-08-18 1996-02-23 Royal Champignon Sa Nouveau support de culture de mycelium pour les champignons cultives
WO1996005720A1 (fr) * 1994-08-18 1996-02-29 S.A. Royal Champignon Support pour la culture des champignons, favorisant la croissance de mycelium et le developpement des carpophores, ainsi que son procede d'obtention
NL1001735C2 (nl) * 1995-11-23 1997-05-27 Johannes Petrus Cornelis Oostv Werkwijze en inrichting voor het telen van zwammen.
WO1998052403A1 (fr) * 1997-05-23 1998-11-26 Oostvogels Johannes P C Procede et dispositif servant a cultiver des champignons
WO2002032213A1 (fr) * 2000-10-16 2002-04-25 Stockhausen Gmbh & Co. Kg Culture de champignons au moyen d'un polymere absorbant l'eau
WO2002035918A1 (fr) * 2000-11-01 2002-05-10 Christopher Raymond Moran Systeme d'arrosage
WO2004010769A1 (fr) * 2002-07-27 2004-02-05 Smart Tech Ltd Systeme d'arrosage de plantes
CN102812850A (zh) * 2012-07-30 2012-12-12 忻州市沐野食用菌研究所 双孢蘑菇林地野生化培育方法
WO2024175670A1 (fr) * 2023-02-21 2024-08-29 Universiteit Utrecht Holding B.V. Substrat amélioré pour champignons

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8621119D0 (en) 1986-10-08
EP0282511A1 (fr) 1988-09-21

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