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WO1988000427A1 - Procede et appareil pour gazeification au plasma de materiaux liquides - Google Patents

Procede et appareil pour gazeification au plasma de materiaux liquides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988000427A1
WO1988000427A1 PCT/FI1987/000089 FI8700089W WO8800427A1 WO 1988000427 A1 WO1988000427 A1 WO 1988000427A1 FI 8700089 W FI8700089 W FI 8700089W WO 8800427 A1 WO8800427 A1 WO 8800427A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
plasma
gasified
fed
accordance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FI1987/000089
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Pentti Salmelin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Imatran Voima Oy
Original Assignee
Imatran Voima Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Imatran Voima Oy filed Critical Imatran Voima Oy
Publication of WO1988000427A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988000427A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/42—Plasma torches using an arc with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder or liquid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/28—Cooling arrangements

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method in accordance with the 5 preamble of claim 1 for plasma gasification of liquid materials. Furthermore, the invention provides an apparatus for the implementation of the method.
  • the plasma gasification of liquid 10 materials is implemented by feeding the material to be decomposed into the plasma jet either from the side of the jet or close to the outer electrode of the plasma gun, generally the anode, in order to vaporize and decompose the material in the intense heat and ultraviolet radiation of the 15 arc.
  • the plasma arc is generated and maintained with help of an appropriate plasma gas, for instance, argon or nitrogen.
  • the cathodes of conventional plasma guns are generally manufactured of copper, and, typically, the cathode tip is of tungsten.
  • the cathode requires cooling, which is provided 2C either by an external or internal water circulation inside the cathode construction.
  • a disadvantage of the prior art technology is that uncertainty remains as to whether the exposure of the material to be 5 decomposed to the influence of the plasma jet is sufficiently long, partly because the plasma jet tends to expel the material to be disintegrated. Furthermore, the full capacity of the jet cannot be utilized because energy transfer from the jet to the decomposition process is incomplete since, for instance, 0 the high temperature (approx. 10 000 °C) of the jet core is not utilized. Factors of uncertainty associated with decomposition give an impetus towards over-dimensioning of process components, reduce the energy and operating economy of the plasma process and increase operating malfunctions and 5 safety risks. Furthermore, a separate cooling system complicates the construction.
  • the aim of this invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the technique described above and to provide a completely T-hs invention is based on feeding the liquid material to be gasified through an electrode construction, consisting of metal rods, which operates as a feeding channel so that the material to be disintegrated is vaporized in the waste heat ⁇ of the plasma gun and the steam formed is used as the plasma arc gas.
  • the invention provides appreciable benefits.
  • the material to be decomposed cannot avoid the plasma conditions 0 because the material itself is converted into plasma gas. Furthermore, the plasma arc power can be fully utilized. Decomposition is quick and complete, which allows the reaction chamber to be dimensioned purely on the basis of conditions set by the gas reactions. The time requirements necessitated
  • reaction chamber 25 by the gas reactions are in the order of a few milliseconds.
  • the reaction chamber can be compactly designed which further enhances the gas reactions. Owing to effective decomposition, the operating safety of the process is appreciably improved. Compared to prior art embodiments, the method in accordance
  • the plasma gun 50 with the invention does not necessarily require any auxiliary components.
  • the construction of the plasma gun is simplified because the feeding system simultaneously performs as a cooler.
  • the electrode construction in accordance with the invention operates simultaneously as both the electrode and the material feeder connection.
  • the construction disposes of a separate cooling water system because the waste heat is utilized in improves the energy efficiency.
  • the quantity of inert gases in the process is decreased and the operating costs of the process reduced since a separate plasma gas system is required only in the warm-up and shut-down phases of the decomposing
  • Figure 1 shows in longitudinally-sectioned side view an electrode in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows the cross-section of the electrode illustrated in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 shows in a longitudinally-sectioned side view a plasma arc unit with an electrode illustrated in Figures 1 20 and 2.
  • Figure 4 shows in a cross-sectional view another electrode in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 5 shows in a longitudinally-sectioned side view the electrode in accordance with Figure 4.
  • FIG. 30 electrical conductors are a sleeve tube 1, manufactured of copper, and tungsten rods 2.
  • the material to be fed flows in voids 3 remaining between the rods 2 within the approximately round sleeve tube 1 and simultaneously cools the rods 2 and the sleeve tube 1. Finally, the fed material vaporizes close 5 to the electrode end. Heat required for vaporizing is obtained from the heat load exerted on the plasma arc electrode, of which load is normally cooled off by a separate water cooling apparatus.
  • Figure 3 ' shows an electrode 4 as part of a plasma arc unit in accordance with the invention. In this configuration, the electrode 4 operates as the anode.
  • the cathode electrode 5 of the embodiment is annular.
  • an electric arc 7 is 5 established between the electrodes 4 and 5.
  • .Plasma gas is fed into the electric arc 7 through the anode 4 from a material feed pipe 6 attached to the end of the anode.
  • plasma gas can be lead to the material feed pipe 6 from a separate plasma gas container, C es ⁇ xec ⁇ ally if the material to be decomposed is hazardous.
  • An alternative implementation of the process is also possible so that the electric arc 7 is excited sufficiently long in order to warm up the anode 4, which allows subsequent material feed immediately. The material is then vaporized within the 5 anode 4 by the effect of this generated waste heat and directly enters the plasma arc 8.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show a variant embodiment of the invention, in which material feed channels 11 are fabricated into the Q oblong and massive conductive electrode 10. There are five channels 11 in the embodiment illustrated by the figure, however, the quantity of channels 11 may vary according to the material being fed and the cooling requirements of the electrode 10. 5
  • the polarity of the electrode 4 or 10 is relatively insignificant, allowing the electrode to operate either as the anode or the cathode.
  • the apparatus can also be fed
  • the construction of the electrode 4 or 10 is not limited to the implementations shown in Figures 2 and 4. Since the 35 principal idea of the invention is to feed the material to be decomposed through the electrode in order to cool the electrode and to vaporize the material, the invention encompasses all oblong-shaped electrode constructions with flow-through may replace the tungsten rods 2 with tubes, achieving a larger flow area due to the round holes of the tubes.
  • the cross- section of the rods 4, as well as of the sleeve tube 1, does not necessarily have to be circular.
  • An electrode construction with concentric tubes is also feasible in fabrication, requiring a support structure for fixing the tubes to each other.
  • the electrode material used must have a high electrical conductivity and high " temperature resistance.
  • Several alternative metals and metal alloys are readily available, including such metals as zirconium or hafnium.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)

Abstract

Dans le procédé décrit, un arc électrique (7) est formé entre les électrodes (4, 5), et un matériau gazeux est introduit dans l'arc électrique (7) afin de générer un jet de plasma (8). Le matériau à gazéifier est introduit dans le jet de plasma (8) à travers l'électrode (4) afin de refroidir l'électrode et de vaporiser le matériau. L'appareil pour la gazéification au plasma de matériaux liquides comprend deux électrodes (4 et 5) entre lesquelles un arc électrique (7) peut être formé; une chambre de réaction (9) dans laquelle le matériau peut être gazéifié en plasma; et un raccord (6) d'alimentation en matériau, par lequel le matériau à gazéifier peut être introduit dans le jet de plasma (8). La seconde électrode (4) de l'appareil comprend au moins un canal (3) par lequel le matériau à gazéifier provenant du raccord (6) peut être introduit dans le jet de plasma (8) afin de refroidir ladite électrode (4) et de vaporiser le matériau à gazéifier. Dans le procédé et l'appareil selon l'invention, le matériau à décomposer fait office de gaz de plasma, et, par conséquent, se décompose presque complètement.
PCT/FI1987/000089 1986-07-04 1987-06-30 Procede et appareil pour gazeification au plasma de materiaux liquides Ceased WO1988000427A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI862836A FI75969C (fi) 1986-07-04 1986-07-04 Foerfarande och anlaeggning foer plasmafoergasning av flytande aemnen.
FI862836 1986-07-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1988000427A1 true WO1988000427A1 (fr) 1988-01-14

Family

ID=8522886

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1987/000089 Ceased WO1988000427A1 (fr) 1986-07-04 1987-06-30 Procede et appareil pour gazeification au plasma de materiaux liquides

Country Status (2)

Country Link
FI (1) FI75969C (fr)
WO (1) WO1988000427A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2149523C1 (ru) * 1999-04-28 2000-05-20 Камский политехнический институт Электродный узел
RU2334170C1 (ru) * 2007-02-27 2008-09-20 Евгений Иванович Титаренко Электродуговая плазменная горелка
RU2792296C1 (ru) * 2022-04-19 2023-03-21 федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет" (ФГАОУ ВО КФУ) Электродный узел

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3217133A (en) * 1962-02-14 1965-11-09 Saint Gobain Plasma torch
US4393298A (en) * 1978-12-07 1983-07-12 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Liquid cooling for a welding torch

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3217133A (en) * 1962-02-14 1965-11-09 Saint Gobain Plasma torch
US4393298A (en) * 1978-12-07 1983-07-12 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Liquid cooling for a welding torch

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2149523C1 (ru) * 1999-04-28 2000-05-20 Камский политехнический институт Электродный узел
RU2334170C1 (ru) * 2007-02-27 2008-09-20 Евгений Иванович Титаренко Электродуговая плазменная горелка
RU2792296C1 (ru) * 2022-04-19 2023-03-21 федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет" (ФГАОУ ВО КФУ) Электродный узел

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI862836L (fi) 1988-01-05
FI862836A0 (fi) 1986-07-04
FI75969C (fi) 1988-08-08
FI75969B (fi) 1988-04-29

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