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WO1988000088A1 - Unite de traitement au plasma a structures en coquille - Google Patents

Unite de traitement au plasma a structures en coquille Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988000088A1
WO1988000088A1 PCT/FI1987/000088 FI8700088W WO8800088A1 WO 1988000088 A1 WO1988000088 A1 WO 1988000088A1 FI 8700088 W FI8700088 W FI 8700088W WO 8800088 A1 WO8800088 A1 WO 8800088A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shell
zone
plasma
decomposition
accordance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FI1987/000088
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Pentti Salmelin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Imatran Voima Oy
Original Assignee
Imatran Voima Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Imatran Voima Oy filed Critical Imatran Voima Oy
Publication of WO1988000088A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988000088A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J12/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • B01J12/002—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor carried out in the plasma state

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a shell-structured plasma process unit in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.
  • the unit is used in decomposition, disposal and recombination applications requiring high temperatures and high energy densities.
  • the plasma burner is located in a cylindrical reaction chamber lined with a refractory material.
  • the material to be decomposed via different types of feeders, is applied close to the plasma flame into the reaction zone, where gases consisting of the decomposition products are mixed and reacted in the reaction chamber and then exit via a separate gas scrubber to further processing.
  • the reaction chamber volume is determined by the delay required for the mixing and recombination of the decomposition products • as well as by the power of the plasma gun.
  • the delay can be adjusted by regulating the auxiliary gas flows or material feed.
  • the reaction chamber volume and the plasma gun power are scaled according to an approximate rule of 4 liters/kW which requires large-volume reaction chambers, e.g., a 2 m3 chamber for a plasma gun of 0.5 M .
  • the heat radiation load created by the plasma flame implies an extremely good temperature resistance from the reaction chamber.
  • the reaction chambers described in the literature and patent publications are insulated against heat radiation by different kinds of ceramic compounds or by a tile lining.
  • the decomposition gases exiting from the reaction chamber are cooled and scrubbed in a separate scrubber.
  • the operation of the scrubber is based on air and/or water jets.
  • the scrubber size is roughly 2 or 3 times the size of the reaction chamber.
  • a disadvantage of the prior art technology is the size of the equipment, which is comprised of two relatively large units. easily reaches a few tons. Furthermore, the massive construction slows down the heating of the reactor so that the first warm-up may take up to several days and even after a temporary break, will take hours. In some cases due to the cracking risk of the thick lining, liquified gas burners or - other types of burners are required for preheating. If the lining is damaged, it may take several days to repair. Another serious drawback of conventional constructions is that the full capacity of the reaction vessel is not effectively utilized. A material feed dimensioned according to the plasma gun size requires a large reactor. Furthermore, in a big reactor, the mixing of decomposition gases takes a relatively long time (approx.
  • a large reactor may contain pockets of low temperature ( ⁇ 700 °C), which may cause serious damage to the environment and personnel during the waste disposal process.
  • the lining materials may also absorb reaction products, and in disturbance situations also input materials may be absorbed, which, in the destruction of problem wastes, converts the lining materials themselves into problem wastes.
  • the aim of this invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the technology described above and to provide an entirely novel type of plasma process unit with a shell construction.
  • the invention is based on constructing the process unit from concentric shell-shaped structures located around the decomposition cylinder so that the gas path is formed into a meandering passage, which combines the decomposition, recombination and scubber zones into the same unit.
  • the invention provides appreciable benefits.
  • the equipment in accordance with the invention can be designed com act on the basis of its inte rated construction.
  • the small size of the equipment is advantageous in its light weight and easy transportability. A short warm-up is also achieved, with the shortest warm-up time taking only a few seconds.
  • the small size of the equipment results in low-cost maintenance, servicing and repair and also achieves superior durability.
  • Owing to the decomposition cylinder the material to be decomposed cannot avoid undergoing contact with the plasma jet. Due to the oblong decomposition cylinder, the material will be subjected to plasma conditions for a time an order of magnitude longer than in conventional constructions, which insures an almost complete decomposition.
  • the materials which are decomposed into an almost gaseous state, are vigorously mixed in the narrow reaction zones and react into final products efficiently and quickly. Due to the effective decomposition and recombination, the delays can be shortened up to a tenth of those conventionally applied. Furthermore, the full capacity of the equipment in accordance with the invention can be optimally utilized. In an equipment with correct dimensioning, the material feed rate is determined by the plasma gun power. The equipment also disposes of auxiliary burners and auxiliary systems required by these. In a disturbance situation, the quantity of undecomposed material remaining in the equipment is essentially less than in conventional equipment because of the effective material decomposition. Moreover, the decomposed materials are easily recovered due to the uncomplicated, unlined and compact equipment.
  • Figure 1 shows a longitudinally sectioned view of a possible implementation for a plasma process unit with shell construction.
  • FIG 2 shows in section A - A the plasma process unit in accordance with Figure 1.
  • T e support-structure of the process unit is formed by a body 13, fabricated, for instance, of a special steel, to which the other parts of the equipment are mainly mounted.
  • the nucleus of the system is a plasma gun 1 attached to the upper part of the body.
  • the plasma gun 1 comprises the plasma gas feed elements 3, electrical feed elements 4, and cooling elements 2.
  • a material to be decomposed is fed with help of material feed elements 19 into a plasma flame 6 formed by the plasma gun 1.
  • Underneath the plasma gun 1 is a decomposition 0 zone 8, which is delineated by its sides by a decomposition cylinder 9 mounted about the plasma gun 1.
  • the cross-section of the decomposition cylinder 9 is preferably circular because then the cylinder is most effectively filled by the plasma flame 6, and it is possible to achieve the most even 5 temperature distribution together with the most effective material decomposition.
  • the decomposition cylinder 9 is sub ⁇ jected to a heavy heat load and, consequently, must be manu ⁇ factured of a special metal, for instance, niobium. Examples of physical dimensions for the decomposition cylinder 9 are 3 given for the cylinder 9 when using a 200 kW plasma gun. In this case, the length of the cylinder 9 is 1000...1500 mm and the diameter is 150...200 mm.
  • the decomposition cylinder 9 is attached to the body 13 of the equipment around the plasma gun 1, by, for instance, bolts and an appropriate sealing.
  • the sealing material can be, e.g., a sufficiently refractory material, for instance, an asbestos-containing compound.
  • the seal can be cooled by a gas flow.
  • the end of the decomposition cylinder 9, opposite the plasma gun 1, is open in order to " facilitate the flow of the decomposed 0 gaseous material.
  • a wall 10 surrounding the gas space and located close to the open end is cooled behind the wall 10 with a material 11, for instance, water or some other applicable liquid.
  • the surface 10 limiting the gas space can also be lined with a casting compound (not shown), allowing, the 5 lining compound to be in liquid state during the running process on the plasma flame side, and in solid state closer to the cooled wall 10.
  • the shell-shaped structures for instance, cylinders 9, 14, 15, 16.
  • Each cylinder is attached at its other end to the body 13-so that the decomposition cylinder 9, having the smallest diameter, is attached at its upper end while the second cylinder 14, having the second smallest diameter, is attached at its lower end, and so forth.
  • a gap is left between the body 13 and the unattached end of each cylinder in order to facilitate a gas flow.
  • the gap is determined by the required flow with a preferable size of the radius of the decomposition cylinder 9.
  • a recombination zone 12 of the gaseous decomposed material entering from the decomposition, zone 8 is formed between the outer wall of the decomposition cylinder 9 and the inner wall of the second cylinder 14.
  • the radial width of the said recombination zone 12 is preferably the size of the decomposition cylinder 9 diameter and its length is in the exemplified construction approximately equal to the length of the decomposition cylinder 9 of the described embodiment.
  • the recombination zone 12 reaches up to the level of the same wall to which the plasma gun 1 and the decomposition cylinder 9 are attached.
  • the gas passage contains the scrubbing zones 7, whose number is determined by the required scrubbing efficiency.
  • atomizing nozzles 5 are assembled as required to cover the entire cross- section of the zone. For instance, water is applicable as the scrubbing compound.
  • the equipment according to the drawings comprises 8 nozzles per zone.
  • the scrubber nozzles 5 of the scrubbin zone next to the recombination zone 12 can be closed in order to convert the scrubbing zone 7 into the recombination zone 12.
  • the purpose of the scrubbing zone 7 is to quickly cool down the gas entering from the recombination zone 12.
  • the gas is conveyed to further processing, for instance, to heat recovery outside the process unit.
  • the body 13 of the process unit can be completely closed and solid, which requires some of the cylinders to comprise mounting fixtures (not shown) with a non-obstructing con ⁇ struction to the gas flow in order to connect a lower part 17 of the body to an upper part 18.
  • the mounting fixtures are preferably located at the outer cylinders to minimize their heat loading.
  • the upper part 18 and the lower part 17 of the body 13 can also be fully separated, in which case the upper part is supported by a separate element (not shown) .
  • An advantage of this embodiment is that the gas flow opening between each cylinder and the body 13 is adjustable. Furthermore, maintenance and servicing of the equipment is easier if the upper and lower parts are constructed as separate elements.
  • the cross-section of the decomposition cylinder 9 need not be circular and is preferably symmetrically formed in relation to the flame. The corners must also be rounded in order to avoid cold pockets.
  • the diameters of the cylinders 14, 15, and 16 can also be chosen so that the diametrically cross-sectional area of each plasma process unit is constant, which provides an approximate ⁇ ly equal flow resistance for the gas flow in each zone.
  • the plasma gun 1 can be sur- rounded by an annular gas nozzle (not shown), which ejects gas, for instance, the plasma gas used in the process, in order to cool the inner wall of the decomposition cylinder 9.
  • the quantity of concentric cylinders may be chosen as desired.
  • the invention is characterized in that the space remaining within the innermost cylinder 9 operates as the decomposition zone 8 and it is followed on the gas passage by at least one. recombination zone 12, which furthermore is followed by a sufficient number of scrubbing zones 7 that can be converted into recombination zones by closing the scrubber nozzles 5.
  • Insufficient tightness between the decomposition cylinder 9 and the plasma gun 1 may cause problems that can -be alleviated by arranging a lower pressure compared to the surroundings of the cylinder with help of, e.g., the atomizing nozzles of the scrubbing zones 7 or by gas suction after the scrubbing zones.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)

Abstract

Unité de traitement au plasma à structures en coquille, comprenant un corps (13) avec ses parties supérieure et inférieure et un cylindre de décomposition (9) en forme de coquille adapté sur le corps (13); au moins un pistolet à plasma (1) assorti de ses éléments d'alimentation (2) en gaz de plasma, de ses éléments d'alimentation électrique (4) et de ses éléments de refroidissement (3); de ses éléments d'alimentation (19) en matière; au moins une zone de recombinaison (12) dans laquelle la matière décomposée dans la zone de décomposition peut être recombinée en de nouveaux composés; au moins une zone d'épuration (7) dans laquelle peuvent être introduites les matières recombinées dans la zone de recombination (12); et au moins un ajutage d'atomisation (5) dans chaque zone d'épuration (7). L'unité de traitement au plasma selon l'invention est constituée de structures (14, 15, 16) en forme de coquilles approximativement concentriques dont la plus petite en diamètre (14) est adaptée à son autre extrémité sur la moitié en regard (17) du corps (13) par rapport au pistolet à plasma (1), de manière approximativement concentrique au cylindre de décomposition (9) et, également, les autres structures (15, 16) en forme de coquilles sont adaptées, en fonction de leur diamètre croissant, en alternance sur les parties opposées (17, 18) du corps (13) afin de former un canal d'écoulement de gaz méandreux.
PCT/FI1987/000088 1986-06-30 1987-06-30 Unite de traitement au plasma a structures en coquille Ceased WO1988000088A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI862763 1986-06-30
FI862763A FI75968C (fi) 1986-06-30 1986-06-30 Plasmaprocessenhet med cellstruktur.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1988000088A1 true WO1988000088A1 (fr) 1988-01-14

Family

ID=8522853

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1987/000088 Ceased WO1988000088A1 (fr) 1986-06-30 1987-06-30 Unite de traitement au plasma a structures en coquille

Country Status (2)

Country Link
FI (1) FI75968C (fr)
WO (1) WO1988000088A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990010496A1 (fr) * 1989-03-16 1990-09-20 Davy Research And Development Limited Appareil
US5772282A (en) * 1992-06-15 1998-06-30 Herman Miller Inc. Tilt control mechanism for a chair
WO2004064983A1 (fr) * 2003-01-13 2004-08-05 Applied Materials, Inc. Traitement d'effluent d'une chambre de traitement de substrat
US7160521B2 (en) 2001-07-11 2007-01-09 Applied Materials, Inc. Treatment of effluent from a substrate processing chamber

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3780675A (en) * 1972-04-18 1973-12-25 Boardman Co Plasma arc refuse disintegrator
GB2152949A (en) * 1984-01-23 1985-08-14 Pyrolysis Systems Inc A method and apparatus for the pyrolytic destruction of waste materials

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3780675A (en) * 1972-04-18 1973-12-25 Boardman Co Plasma arc refuse disintegrator
GB2152949A (en) * 1984-01-23 1985-08-14 Pyrolysis Systems Inc A method and apparatus for the pyrolytic destruction of waste materials

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990010496A1 (fr) * 1989-03-16 1990-09-20 Davy Research And Development Limited Appareil
US5772282A (en) * 1992-06-15 1998-06-30 Herman Miller Inc. Tilt control mechanism for a chair
US7160521B2 (en) 2001-07-11 2007-01-09 Applied Materials, Inc. Treatment of effluent from a substrate processing chamber
WO2004064983A1 (fr) * 2003-01-13 2004-08-05 Applied Materials, Inc. Traitement d'effluent d'une chambre de traitement de substrat

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI862763L (fi) 1987-12-31
FI75968C (fi) 1988-08-08
FI75968B (fi) 1988-04-29
FI862763A0 (fi) 1986-06-30

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