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WO1986006151A1 - Procede et installation d'incineration de dechets - Google Patents

Procede et installation d'incineration de dechets Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1986006151A1
WO1986006151A1 PCT/DE1986/000149 DE8600149W WO8606151A1 WO 1986006151 A1 WO1986006151 A1 WO 1986006151A1 DE 8600149 W DE8600149 W DE 8600149W WO 8606151 A1 WO8606151 A1 WO 8606151A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oxygen
combustion
grate
waste
furnace
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE1986/000149
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alexander Grisar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO1986006151A1 publication Critical patent/WO1986006151A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/20—Combustion to temperatures melting waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/101—Furnace arrangements with stepped or inclined grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/52001—Rotary drums with co-current flows of waste and gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/07005—Injecting pure oxygen or oxygen enriched air
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for burning waste materials, in particular relatively moist and / or low calorific value waste materials from households, communities and the economy, referred to briefly as waste, with the combustion in the waste incineration process in accordance with the progressive removal or expansion of the waste through the course of the burning path the combustion chamber combustion air is added in a graduated amount.
  • dioxins that are produced during combustion could be decomposed by adding a post-combustion stage with a combustion temperature of at least 1200 ° C after conventional waste incineration. However, this would require increased investments and the use of conventional fuels and would therefore be associated with an economically unacceptably high cost.
  • the amount of exhaust gas is reduced in accordance with the oxygen enrichment and, on the other hand, a significant increase in the exhaust gas temperature is achieved.
  • enriching the combustion air with oxygen or replacing it with oxygen brings about a qualitative improvement in the combustion reaction, which advantageously results in the combustion can be operated overall with a reduced excess of oxygen.
  • the US Pat. No. 3,074,707 for burning cement clinker by means of oxygen-enriched combustion air in the rotary kiln contains the teaching (column 3, lines 58 to 67) that the addition of oxygen is limited because the temperature of the cement combustion system increases with the oxygen content in the combustion air Exhaust gas flow drops so that the exhaust gases may even fall below the dew point.
  • a waste incineration plant therefore has surprising advantages as a result of a positive chain of effects.
  • Waste incineration process by exchanging oxygen with combustion air has far more advantages than with industrial furnaces.
  • An expedient embodiment of the method provides that the exchange of oxygen for combustion air takes place in the event of advanced burnout and preferably in the region of the second half of the combustion path and oxygen is added to the burning waste, or that in a waste incineration process carried out with primary air and secondary air instead of at least oxygen is blown into the combustion chamber of part of the secondary air.
  • An embodiment further advantageously provides that the waste incineration process is started in the first part of the combustion path with a proportion of combustion air which is essentially stoichiometrically balanced in relation to the fuel. and is partially carried out and the resulting, still combustible intermediate products such as carbonization gas and / or partially burned, are brought to complete burnout by using oxygen in the remaining part of the burning section while increasing the firing temperature.
  • the local attainment of high temperatures, preferably towards the end of the burning section, on the one hand, and the reduction in the amount of exhaust gas at a higher exhaust gas temperature, on the other hand, have a positive effect on the economy and environmental friendliness of a waste incineration plant because it prevents the formation and / or emission of dioxins, the production of useful energy from the exhaust gas is made possible more economically as a result of the higher temperature level and ultimately also reduces the costs for the final cleaning of the exhaust gas.
  • One embodiment advantageously provides that oxygen is blown in above the grate and preferably in the vicinity of the combustion chamber outlet in a waste incineration process carried out in the grate combustion.
  • oxygen can be used in the vicinity of the combustion chamber outlet instead of part of the grate under air.
  • an embodiment of the method also provides for a waste incineration process in the rotary kiln the introduction of oxygen is carried out in the depth of the rotary kiln, preferably in the second half of the combustion path in a combustion chamber zone in which the waste incineration process reaches the highest temperatures.
  • oxygen can advantageously be carried out by a gas jet in countercurrent to the flue gas, for example in a rotary kiln.
  • this can advantageously significantly improve the quality of the combustion reaction in the waste by quantity-controlled addition of oxygen to the combustion air this increases the flue gas temperature to 1200 ° C or higher at least towards the end of the combustion path.
  • Another advantage of the method according to the invention also results in the fact that the ashes are discharged in a molten state during waste incineration in the rotary kiln and introduced into a water bath.
  • the slag is thus produced as granules in a leach-resistant form, which also no longer excludes further use, for example as a building material or as an additive for cement clinker.
  • an advantageous embodiment of the method provides that the heat content of the flue gas from waste incineration is preferably used in two stages for the production of useful energy, in a first stage, at a relatively high temperature level, for example steam or mechanical or electrical energy, and in a second stage, at a relatively lower temperature level, useful heat is given off to a heat transfer medium, for example to the combustion air of the waste incineration furnace.
  • a relatively high temperature level for example steam or mechanical or electrical energy
  • a plant for the incineration of waste, in particular for carrying out the method according to the invention with a grate furnace, is characterized in that it has means for blowing oxygen into the furnace.
  • At least one oxygen lance is arranged above the grate in the area of the combustion chamber outlet, the axis of which runs approximately parallel to its inclination at a distance from the grate.
  • an oxygen lance is arranged above the grate in the area of the combustion chamber outlet, the axis of which runs essentially obliquely downwards from above, perpendicular to the inclination of the grate.
  • Waste incineration plant with grate combustion can be arranged below the grate in the area of its outlet, an oxygen lance directed from the bottom upwards towards the grate and against the area of the combustion chamber outlet, the axis of which with the grate is an angle between 30 and 90 °, preferably between 45 and 60 ° , includes.
  • a waste incineration plant for carrying out the method according to the invention with a rotary kiln is designed such that an oxygen lance that projects into the interior of the rotary kiln and is directed toward the inside of the rotary kiln is arranged on the discharge side of the rotary kiln.
  • the oxygen lance can protrude up to about a third of the length of the rotary tube furnace.
  • an embodiment of the waste incineration plant provides a device for regulating the amount of oxygen entered in exchange for combustion air in accordance with a reference variable such as the temperature and / or composition of exhaust gas, both in the case of a grate furnace and in a rotary tube furnace.
  • This comprises a measuring probe for the reference variable and an adjusting element for the oxygen, as well as a control unit which controls the adjusting element in accordance with the reference variable.
  • a logic unit compares a target temperature value with the measured actual temperature value and calculates an actuating pulse from a deviation of the values in a downstream controller or computer unit, which corrects the oxygen setting element in accordance with the deviation.
  • a feed bunker 1 for raw waste with a purely schematically indicated discharge device 2 in the form of, for example, a pestle.
  • the waste materials 3 discharged in a time-dosed quantity reach the grate 5 via a slide 4 for maintenance of the combustion an adjustable amount of grate under air as primary air 9 is passed through the primary air shaft 7 into the space 10 below the grate 5.
  • Secondary air is introduced into the combustion chamber 13 above the grate 5 through openings 11 and 12.
  • oxygen is blown into the combustion chamber 13 from the openings 11 or 12 using one of the oxygen lances 14, 15 or 16, with gradual throttling, preferably in stages.
  • the oxygen supply 26 has an adjusting member 27 which is controlled by a control unit 28 with the aid of the Control line 35 is regulated adjustable in quantity.
  • the overall existing control device 29 comprises a transmitter 30 for a reference variable of the flue gas, which is arranged, for example, in the flue gas line 31 and detects a corresponding value of a reference variable of the flue gas. A signal formed from this is applied to the signal line 32 of the logic unit 33 and compared therein with an adjustable actual value 34. In the event of a deviation, a differential pulse is forwarded to the controller and arithmetic unit 28, a correction pulse is calculated therein and this is applied to the control line 35 to adjust the setting member 27. In this way, the temperature in the waste gas of the waste incineration plant can be kept constant, for example by increasing or decreasing the addition of oxygen.
  • control device 29 shown which is to be understood only as an example, can of course also be used in the system according to FIG. 1, but this is not shown in order to avoid repetitions.
  • Combustion residues are passed with the rotary kiln 18 from the discharge housing 24 in the form of molten slag 43 into a water bath 44 and discharged therefrom as granules 45. Further combustion residues are separated from the flue gas with the exhaust gas purification 41 and conveyed to the landfill 46, for example, with a transport device 47.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

Dans un procédé d'incinération de déchets, notamment de déchets relativement humides et/ou de faible valeur calorifique d'origine ménagère, municipale et industrielle, communément appelés ''ordures'', on ajoute au combustible de l'air de combustion en quantités graduelles en fonction de la progression du brûlage des ordures à mesure de la combustion dans le foyer. Afin de prévenir la formation de composés organiques toxiques et, le cas échéant, de les décomposer thermiquement et de réduire la teneur en oxyde nitrique des gaz de fumée, il est proposé d'insuffler dans le foyer de l'oxygène à la place d'au moins une partie de l'air de combustion. L'oxygène doit de préférence être ajouté aux ordures à un stade avancé de leur incinération au cours de la seconde moitié du processus de combustion.
PCT/DE1986/000149 1985-04-10 1986-04-07 Procede et installation d'incineration de dechets Ceased WO1986006151A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853512810 DE3512810A1 (de) 1985-04-10 1985-04-10 Verfahren und anlage zur verbrennung von abfallstoffen
DEP3512810.0 1985-04-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1986006151A1 true WO1986006151A1 (fr) 1986-10-23

Family

ID=6267614

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1986/000149 Ceased WO1986006151A1 (fr) 1985-04-10 1986-04-07 Procede et installation d'incineration de dechets

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0217882A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3512810A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1986006151A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0324438A3 (fr) * 1988-01-13 1990-10-24 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Combustion des combustibles à bas pouvoir calorifique et à teneur élévée en eau
EP0448178A1 (fr) * 1990-03-23 1991-09-25 Stork Alpha Engineering B.V. Procédé et dispositif pour le traitement d'un déchet contenant une fraction métallique et une fraction d'une matière combustible
EP0474198A3 (en) * 1990-09-03 1992-09-02 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Combustion method and apparatus
NL9401269A (nl) * 1994-08-02 1996-03-01 Kema Nv Werkwijze en verbrander voor het uitvoeren van met zuurstof verrijkte verbranding.
CN112413594A (zh) * 2020-11-09 2021-02-26 广东工业大学 垃圾坑臭气与固体垃圾低氮耦合燃烧处理系统

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4002553A1 (de) * 1990-01-30 1991-08-01 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Verfahren und anlage zur waermebehandlung von feinkoernigem gut, insbesondere zur herstellung von zementklinker
DE4033649A1 (de) * 1990-10-23 1992-04-30 Linde Ag Verbrennungsverfahren mit integrierter reststoffeinschmelzung und vorrichtung hierfuer
DE4404418C2 (de) * 1994-02-11 1997-10-23 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Brenngut, insbesondere Müll
DE4429958A1 (de) * 1994-08-24 1996-02-29 Noell Abfall & Energietech Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur thermischen Behandlung von Rostschlacken
DE19539949C2 (de) * 1995-10-26 2002-10-02 Linde Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur simultanen Entsorgung von feinkörnigen Schüttgütern und sonstigen Abfällen in thermischen Abfallbehandlungsanlagen
DE19539946C2 (de) * 1995-10-26 2002-03-28 Linde Gas Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur integrierten Entsorgung von Filterstäuben in thermischen Behandlungsanlagen
DE19539932C2 (de) * 1995-10-26 2001-05-10 Linde Gas Ag Vorrichtung zur thermischen Behandlung feinkörniger Schüttgüter
DE10155811C1 (de) * 2001-11-13 2002-11-21 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Verfahren zur Leistungssteigerung bei der exothermen Verbrennung von Abfallstoff
CA2988939A1 (fr) * 2010-11-10 2012-05-18 Praxair Technology, Inc. Combustion de biomasse accrue par l'oxygene
RS63512B1 (sr) 2019-09-26 2022-09-30 Oekofen Forschungs Und Entw M B H Uređaj za grejanje

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR709412A (fr) * 1930-01-28 1931-08-06 Azote & Prod Chim Procédé de combustion de matières carbonées
US3403643A (en) * 1967-04-14 1968-10-01 Koppers Co Inc Method and apparatus for incinerating combustible refuse, rubbish and miscellaneous waste organic material
DE2405253A1 (de) * 1974-02-04 1975-08-07 Gerhard Vester Sauerstoffeinspritzheizanlage
EP0012091A1 (fr) * 1978-12-04 1980-06-11 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procédé et installation de traitement de déchets industriels

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR709412A (fr) * 1930-01-28 1931-08-06 Azote & Prod Chim Procédé de combustion de matières carbonées
US3403643A (en) * 1967-04-14 1968-10-01 Koppers Co Inc Method and apparatus for incinerating combustible refuse, rubbish and miscellaneous waste organic material
DE2405253A1 (de) * 1974-02-04 1975-08-07 Gerhard Vester Sauerstoffeinspritzheizanlage
EP0012091A1 (fr) * 1978-12-04 1980-06-11 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procédé et installation de traitement de déchets industriels

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0324438A3 (fr) * 1988-01-13 1990-10-24 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Combustion des combustibles à bas pouvoir calorifique et à teneur élévée en eau
EP0448178A1 (fr) * 1990-03-23 1991-09-25 Stork Alpha Engineering B.V. Procédé et dispositif pour le traitement d'un déchet contenant une fraction métallique et une fraction d'une matière combustible
EP0474198A3 (en) * 1990-09-03 1992-09-02 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Combustion method and apparatus
NL9401269A (nl) * 1994-08-02 1996-03-01 Kema Nv Werkwijze en verbrander voor het uitvoeren van met zuurstof verrijkte verbranding.
CN112413594A (zh) * 2020-11-09 2021-02-26 广东工业大学 垃圾坑臭气与固体垃圾低氮耦合燃烧处理系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3512810A1 (de) 1986-10-23
EP0217882A1 (fr) 1987-04-15

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