WO1986005585A1 - Heat cost distributor based on the evaporation principle, for the measurement of heat consumption of radiators - Google Patents

Abstract

A heat cost distributor composed of a rear housing section (1) and a front housing section (2) enclosing an ampulla (6) containing an evaporation liquid (7) is sealed with an unfalsifiable lead seal (12). In order to improve the reading procedure a prism (13) is provided through which light can shine from outside on the meniscus (17) of the evaporation liquid (7). The light is radiated from a reading device which can be mounted on the front housing section (2) by means of an adapter, and which is fitted with a sensor device for scanning the position of the meniscus (17). A reading window (4) is specially designed to eliminate parallax errors.

Description

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The invention relates to a heat cost allocator according to the principle of evaporation for recording the heat consumption of radiators. Such heating cost allocators have been used for decades and in very large numbers. In the course of development, a basic structure of these devices has emerged. Thereafter, the heat cost allocator consists essentially of a back part made of a good heat-conducting material, a housing front with an elongated, vertical cutout, which is closed by a transparent window, one or more scales and an ampoule for holding the evaporation liquid. This ampoule is mounted in the front part of the housing, is pressed resiliently against an upper stop and, when the front and rear parts of the housing are connected, fits into a corresponding recess in the rear part of the housing in a heat-fitting manner. Furthermore, the device has a closure device in the form of a seal which is inserted with its shaft through a recess in the front part of the housing, hooks onto a corresponding projection of the rear part of the housing and can be sheared off at a main desired breaking point of its shaft by rotating its round head, thereby making it disintegrates into two parts and the housing can be opened.

All known heat cost allocators have disadvantages, however, because they are not sufficiently secure against interventions and manipulations and because the liquid level cannot be read with sufficient accuracy and reliability.

The invention is based on the object of improving such a heat cost allocator in such a way that the disadvantages mentioned are eliminated and further significant advantages are achieved.

The seal used so far generally has a round head, a shaft with the main target breaking point and a hook for hanging on the back of the housing. In the known designs, recesses in the head are provided for turning off the seal head, which can be engaged with a screwdriver blade or a similar tool. A user who if manipulation is intended, the seal head can be twisted off already during the heating period, reconnect the sheared main breaking point with an adhesive, for example a superglue, and reinsert the seal after the heating period has ended. Since the reader of the heat cost allocator shears off the same predetermined breaking point when the device is opened as intended, it is practically impossible for him to discover the previous manipulation.

An essential feature of the invention is that the seal head has only a substantially flat surface on its front side, which offers no possibility of attack for a tool for rotating the seal head, that the seal head is recessed into the front part of the housing, so that no effective frictional forces can be exerted on it in the direction of rotation, that the seal head on its rear side and the surface of the housing front part which it touches have mutually engaging projections or depressions which prevent rotation of the seal head when pressure is simultaneously exerted on it , and that the seal head is designed on its front side in punctiform or strip-shaped partial areas in very low material thickness as predetermined breaking points, which can be broken through by a correspondingly shaped tool with which the seal head can be rotated.

This configuration of the seal closure according to the invention ensures that the front of the seal head has no possibility of engagement for a tool. Only after breaking through a thin layer of material can a tool engage in the corresponding depressions covered by the layer of material and unscrew the main target breaking point of the seal head. This is already an attempt to open with a. Tool recognizable. Due to the recessed arrangement of the seal head. The front of the housing can be prevented from causing excessive frictional forces which are exerted on the seal head without special tools, for example with the fingertip. In addition, axial projections or depressions, such as corrugation or the like, attached to the rear of the seal head and a complementary design of the mating surface of the housing prevent the seal head from being rotated when pressure is exerted on it from the front. A further improvement of this seal design is, according to the invention, that the seal head has further predetermined breaking points, which are arranged around the subsequent seal shaft and are selected in the material thickness such that when attempting to pull the device violently by pulling on the front part of the housing open, do not tear in the main breaking point intended for normal opening in the course of the seal stem, but tear in the other predetermined breaking points on the seal head, as a result of which the attempted intervention becomes visible.

It is thereby achieved that attempts to open the device by pulling forcefully on the front part of the housing are noticeable by cracks and break-in parts in the front of the seal head.

In this context, the practical handling of the heating cost distributor is also to be improved. Usually you can put the device together by placing the front part of the housing on the back part of the housing. The final closure takes place by inserting the seal into the corresponding recess in the front part of the housing. This last process is difficult if the heat cost allocator is installed in a place that is difficult to access. It is an advantage here if the seal can already be used with the front part of the housing removed and then only the front part of the housing, including the lead seal, has to be placed on the rear part of the housing for final closure. According to a further advantageous feature of the invention, this is achieved in that the seal has hooks in the course of its shaft, which spread out when the seal is pushed through the front part of the housing on the rear side and thereby hold the seal in the front part of the housing even when the device is open, where ¬ by locking the device both by inserting the seal when the front part of the housing is closed and by inserting the seal in the open front part of the housing and then pressing it on the back part, place the shaft between these hooks and the seal head when the device is opened by unscrewing the seal head, the connection of the seal to the front part of the housing is released at the same time.

When reading the heat cost allocators, an unavoidable source of error has so far been parallax, which arises from the distance of the scale from the center of the liquid meniscus to be read and which cannot be completely avoided due to the material thickness and the radius of the ampoule cross-section. In a heat cost allocator of the type mentioned at the outset, there is the further task of largely reducing this parallax error or eliminating it entirely. According to the invention, this object is essentially achieved in that the space between the scale and the front edge of the ampoule is filled with light-refractive, transparent material, thereby deflecting the light rays towards the horizontal. This feature of the invention is therefore practically that to reduce the parallax between the scale and the center of the meniscus of the liquid surface to be read, the transparent window is made with a greatly increased material thickness, whereby obliquely incident light rays are refracted in a more horizontal direction.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the parallax error can be avoided if it is ensured that the reader can use appropriate aids to recognize whether the liquid level to be read is exactly at eye level.

This is achieved according to one embodiment of the invention in that the transparent window eingete parallel to its longitudinal direction into two essentially distinct ^{Materialstärkeπ: is} t, in particular in the form of a groove through which obliquely passing light rays to the viewer in the two different thickness areas against each other ver ¬ appear pushed. Only when the light enters horizontally do the light rays run in the same plane in the two material thickness ranges. If the reader deviates from this position, then the liquid level in the two material thickness ranges appears to be shifted towards one another in terms of height.

A further solution to the above object consists in that, in order to completely prevent the parallax error, the same sequence of horizontally running lines is applied at the same height both on the front and on the back of the transparent window, in particular in the same arrangement as the scale lines which are present anyway and on the front in their extension, whereby the horizontal course of the light rays can be recognized by the mutual overlap of the lines on the front and back.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the heat cost allocator can also be designed in such a way that very thin, opaque layers are embedded in the horizontal plane in the glass-clear material of the vertically extending window over its cross-section, which layers are embedded in the horizontal plane. Entire vertical height of the window follow one another at very short intervals, so that a view through the window is only possible in a horizontal or slightly different direction, but not at a greater oblique angle.

With this design according to the invention, the paralax error cannot be completely avoided, but it can be kept within very narrow limits. If these limits are exceeded, a reading is impossible at all, since one can only look through the spaces between the thin, horizontal, opaque layers in a very narrow area around the horizontal. Another problem with the reading of heat cost allocators is that the meniscus of the liquid level is only weakly visible and is therefore difficult to see. This leads to uncertainties and inaccurate readings or complete incorrect readings.

It is an important object of the invention to provide a heat cost allocator based on the principle of evaporation, which advantageously solves this problem. Basically, this solution according to the invention consists in the fact that the heat cost allocator contains an optical device to improve the readability of the liquid meniscus of an evaporation liquid contained in an ampoule, through which the light rays of a light source attached to the outside of the device are guided so that they pass through the floor pass through the ampoule, cannot escape due to total reflection in the course of the ampoule and are reflected on the downwardly curved meniscus of the liquid surface, so that this appears to the viewer as a brightly glowing line. The reader has the possibility, e.g. use a flashlight to effectively illuminate the liquid level from the outside of the device, in a precisely defined manner that is the same for each device.

According to a simple embodiment, this inventive idea can be practically realized by the fact that the optical device consists of a body made of crystal-clear material in the form of a totally reflecting prism, into which the light rays enter from the front and in which they are deflected upwards on the reflection surface the outlet surface is below the ampoule bottom.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the prism according to the invention consists in the fact that the optical device has a flat light entry surface that is flush with the front of the housing, that the reflection surface is curved to bundle or scatter the light rays, and that the light exit surface is shaped to interact with the curvature of the ampoule base . Contamination or scratching is prevented by the flat front surface of the prism, and the curved glass surface required to disperse or bundle the light beam is placed in the reflection surface, the shape of the light exit surface advantageously interacting with the curvature of the ampoule base , ie is shaped according to the curvature of the ampoule base, so that the light enters the interior of the ampoule in the desired direction.

An objection often raised against the cost of heating according to the principle of evaporation is that the devices could be influenced in the direction of a lower display by wrapping them with a damp cloth. It remains to be seen whether this allegation is justified or not. The very fact that it is levied leads to uncertainty and non-recognition of the consumption bill. Attempts at manipulation of this type can, however, be rendered harmless if they do not go undetected. This is to be achieved by the present invention. It is known from theoretical considerations and from measurements that the highest air humidity occurs on the inside of the front part of the housing during such a manipulation attempt. If a device is provided at this point that reacts to increased air humidity and displays it permanently, the reader can register the attempted manipulation as part of his maintenance work. The feature of the invention in this regard is that a device is attached to the inside of the front part of the housing which reacts to an artificial increase in the air humidity inside the housing beyond a certain limit value with a clearly visible change. Manipulation attempts can be made recognizable by wrapping the device with damp cloths.

According to an advantageous embodiment of this inventive concept, the device consists of a defined arrangement of dry hygroscopic salts which, when a certain high air moisture level is exceeded, flow through water absorption and thereby undergo an irreversible change in their spatial arrangement. With such a device, a response can be achieved well below 100% even at defined air humidity values. With such a manipulation, values close to 100% relative air humidity can be achieved on the inside of the front part of the housing, as a result of which water in the form of drops condenses on the inside of the housing. These water droplets also penetrate an absorbent material and dissolve a dye applied there. A simple and expedient embodiment consists, for example, in that a dark color dot is printed on the back of a small plate made of, for example, light blotting paper, and this plate is fastened to the inside of the front part of the housing with a double-sided self-adhesive film. As soon as water is deposited at this point due to the manipulation, the blotting paper turns dark due to the dissolved color.

The present invention is also based on the object of making it possible, by means of additional devices for a conventional heat cost allocator, to make an extremely precise semi-automatic or fully automatic reading which is independent of human weaknesses and which can be used for digital display, receipt printing, storage and automatic further processing . For this purpose, according to the invention, an additional scale is provided on the front of the housing to supplement the usual scales, which is suitable for machine scanning. A possible, advantageous embodiment is that a regular sequence of elevations or depressions on the front side of the housing is tapped by a reading device. According to the invention, the elevations or depressions can e.g. are scanned mechanically by a sensing element, in particular by a gear, a pawl or a resilient lever.

A further embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the scale consists of a vertical, regular fdge of closely spaced alternating light and dark points which can be picked up optically or photoelectrically. The division of the scale does not have to be linear, but it can correspond to the non-linear characteristic of the consumption scale of the heat cost allocator. This can save an otherwise later stage in the conversion of the measured values. According to the invention, scale, device or other identification numbers are to be represented by an arrangement corresponding to the scale in their design, which can be detected by a reading device t.

In a manner similar to how a route is represented by the scale, a number which is expediently to be detected during the reading can also be represented on the front of the housing, e.g. in the form of a pattern of light and dark dots.

An associated reading device works semi-automatically according to the invention, wherein it has an optical device with which the reader can observe both the scale and the liquid column without parallax at an adjustable angle, with the reading device being used to scan the scale by moving along the scale, and wherein the reader first sets the reading device to the zero point of the scale and then to the liquid level and in each of these two positions a manual command, for example by pressing a button, whereby the respective position on the scale is stored in the scanning device, whereupon the lowering of the liquid level below the zero point of the scale is then displayed digitally.

In this and in the other embodiments, the reader therefore places the reading device on the front of the heat cost allocator and moves it from top to bottom over the entire area of the scale which is assigned to the readable area of the scale. First the zero point of the scale, which corresponds to the liquid column when the ampoule is full, and then the actual liquid level is recorded, be it semi-automatically by e.g. Pushing a button on the reader when the relevant positions are reached, be it fully automatic, in that the reading device automatically registers the corresponding positions.

If the reading device t operates semi-automatically, the reading device must use an optical device built into the reading device and which includes the switching off of the parallax error, both the liquid column and be able to observe at least the zero point of the scale, as described above. In order to allow the reader a comfortable posture during this process, the optical device according to the invention has mirrors or prisms which deflect the light rays in such a way that the view can also take place at an angle. The design can then be designed according to the invention in such a way that the reader can see through a movable eyepiece, for example from obliquely above, from obliquely below or from lateral directions. This allows him to work comfortably even in hard-to-reach places. In this semi-automatic version, as already described above, the reader must manually set the reader t first to the zero point of the scale and then to the actual liquid level, and in each case by a manual command, for example by pressing a button, the measuring , Trigger display and save process.

A fully automatic reading device t eliminates the need for the reader to cooperate in this way. This device is designed according to the invention in such a way that it recognizes both the zero point of the scale and photoelectrically the liquid level and automatically determines and digitally displays the lowering of the liquid level below the zero point of the scale from the associated positions on the scale. The reader no longer has to observe the heat cost allocator by means of an optical device, but instead he only places the meter on the front of the heat cost allocator and moves it along the scale from top to bottom. By means of a photo sensor, the device automatically recognizes both the zero point of the scale and the liquid level, and at the same time it determines the corresponding points on the scale. This reading device is expediently set up, as described, in such a way that it simultaneously reads a scale number attached to the device. It is then possible, even though all heat cost allocators have the same scale division, to display the values in the differently divided consumption scales because the device can also automatically multiply the values with the scale by automatically registering the scale number. A further development of the invention consists in that the reading device contains a safety device which, to prevent incorrect readings, checks whether the reading device has scanned the entire length of the scale and whether it has done so at the correct speed , otherwise an error message is output.

First of all, the reading device t can only read the liquid level in discrete steps in accordance with the distance between the scanning marks on the scale. According to the invention, it is also possible to recognize intermediate positions by using an arrangement corresponding to a vernier. These intermediate positions can only be recorded in stages, but with a finer division.

A practically infinitely variable detection of the intermediate positions between the scanning marks on the scale is possible according to the invention in that the detection of intermediate positions between the scanning marks on the scale is carried out by measuring the time, by referring to the speed from the time elapsed between the preceding elements of the scale speed of the scanning process is closed and the distance covered is determined from the time.

A further processing of the displayed measured values is made possible according to a feature of the invention in that a printer for outputting the determined values is installed in the reading device, that a device for storing the determined values is installed instead or additionally or that these devices are connected to the Reading device can be connected.

According to the invention, the reading device t can be combined with an optical device of the heat cost allocator, as described above. For example, according to the invention, the reading device can contain a light source that radiates light into the heat cost allocator and illuminates the liquid level. With this design, a substantial improvement in the security of the automatic detection of the liquid level by the photosensor is achieved, so that the reading of this liquid level is carried out more accurately and reliably. The scale of the heat cost allocators mentioned at the outset based on the principle of evaporation can be designed as a universal so-called standard scale or as an individual so-called product scale. Both scales have in common that they have a uninear division, which must be matched to the evaporation resistance increasing as the liquid level in the ampule decreases. In contrast to this, a control scale that may be additionally present can be divided arbitrarily, expediently linearly. ^"

The following difference exists between the unit and product scale: The unit scale is divided and numbered the same for all devices. Since the evaporation of the measuring liquid depends only on its temperature and time, the display on a ^' unit scale alone is not a measure of the heat dissipation of the radiator. The values read on the unit scale (so-called line units must be multiplied by evaluation factors during the further processing, at least for the heat transfer from the radiator to the measuring liquid and for the standard heat output of the radiator).

In the product scale, on the other hand, these evaluation factors are already taken into account in the scale division and numbering, so that the displayed and read values represent a measure of the heat dissipation of the radiator without further conversion. The heat cost allocations are therefore provided with different product scales if they are attached to different radiator types and dimensions.

In the known heat cost allocators, the selection of the required product scales is generally carried out on site, ie immediately during the assembly. 1 a

In order to avoid human errors and to increase the accuracy in the selection of the product scales, the determination of the correct product scale should be carried out using the electronic data processing in the heat cost allocator according to a further idea of the invention. This can no longer be done on site, so that the assembly of the heat cost allocator and the determination of the radiator and dimensions and the insertion of the product scale must be carried out in separate work processes. The assembly effort increases considerably because the building in which the assembly takes place has to be approached and walked through twice.

To avoid this additional effort, it is expedient to carry out the assembly of the heat cost allocator and the determination of the type and dimensions of the radiator as usual at the beginning of the first billing period. The insertion of the product scale should not take place shortly afterwards in a separate process, but after the end of the billing period in the course of the reading and maintenance of the heat cost allocators with replacement of the measuring ampoules, which is then required anyway.

As a result, the heat cost allocator is not yet equipped with a product scale during the first billing period. According to the provisions of the relevant standard DIN 4713/14, the heat cost allocator must, however, be provided with at least one standard scale.

Now it would be conceivable to first equip the heat cost allocator with a standard scale, to remove it after the first billing period and to use a product scale instead. Apart from the fact that two scales must then be produced for each device, this method is very cumbersome and inconvenient to use because, in the known designs of heat cost allocators, the scales are generally housed inside the device, but in any case cannot be inserted and removed again without opening the device, because otherwise every user can easily manipulate the scales In addition, the scale must be arranged in front of the ampoule for reasons of readability, so that when the unit scale is replaced by the product scale, the ampoule is first removed from its holder and put away, then the unit scale is removed from the device and the Product scale must be used, whereupon the ampoule must be returned to its holder in the device. Only after all of these steps can the liquid level on the product kaya be read.

It is therefore a further object of the invention to temporarily use a unit scale without later removal, to subsequently insert the product scale into the closed heat cost allocator mounted on the radiator without first removing the ampoule and, if necessary, to add the product scale subsequently if necessary easy to replace.

This is achieved according to the invention in that the heat cost allocator carries on its front a unit scale that is the same for all devices and that a product scale can also be attached to the front part of the housing when the front part of the housing is placed on the back part of the housing, the product scale completely or partially covered. With such a device, it is therefore possible to leave the standard scale on the device and - without opening the device - to place the product scale above it

Since this is done from the outside when the device is closed, the ampoule can remain in place and it is possible to read off the product scale immediately after inserting it.

In an expedient embodiment of the invention, a recess is provided in the front part of the housing which corresponds in shape and dimensions to the product scale. The product scale is used in this specialization. The unit scale is located on the bottom of the recess, where it is expediently attached directly to the material of the front part of the housing, for example by printing, embossing or in relief. In a further advantageous embodiment, this depression has lateral grooves into which the consumption scale can be inserted along its longitudinal direction.

It is particularly advantageous for handling if the grooves are shaped so that the product scale can be inserted from the front of the device. This can be done, for example, by means of small cutouts at the end of the grooves, which merge into the grooves in a rounded manner. At this point, the product scale is attached and pushed into the grooves under elastic bending.

All versions can be designed so that the product scale locks in such a way that it cannot be removed without destruction or visible damage. This can be achieved, for example, by small projections or hooks on the edge of the depression or simply by a positive fit between the product scale and the depression. With such a latching, a further securing of the product scale against removal or manipulation is no longer necessary.

If no such engagement is provided, or in addition to the engagement, the product scale used can be held by the seal head and secured against removal. This embodiment can be designed particularly advantageously with the seal described at the beginning.

If one moves to the snap-in of the product scale described above, a particularly expedient and advantageous embodiment is possible in combination with the seal. The product scale can then be removed after unscrewing the seal head with the device closed, without being damaged or destroyed in the process. It is therefore very easy, without having to intervene in the device itself, to subsequently change the product scale, for example if incorrect scaling has been found. Nevertheless, the product scale is completely secured against manipulation and removal before the seal head is unscrewed. In the case of a subsequently usable or exchangeable product scale, but also in general for ease of handling, the seal described at the beginning is expediently designed such that the seal shaft has very thin projections transverse to its axis, which have the front part of the housing placed on the back of the housing when the seal is inserted after unscrewing the seal head, hold it in such a way that the front part of the housing does not fall off the rear part of the housing by itself, but can only be removed by pulling forward slightly when the projections are sheared off.

The device remains closed after unscrewing the seal head. For example, the product scale can now be used and the reading carried out. The compound prepared by the protrusions is released to the housing rear part ^'only by pulling the front housing part, wherein the projections are sheared. The front part of the housing does not fall off by itself, but must be deliberately removed by the reader

The advantage according to the invention of preventing the parallax from occurring during the reading can be achieved in a simple and expedient manner by a further embodiment.

The interaction with the described optical device, through which the liquid surface can be illuminated so that it appears as a brightly glowing line, is particularly favorable.

For this purpose, a light-reflecting surface is arranged in the heat cost allocator behind the ampoule with the measuring liquid in the entire height used for the measurement, so that the viewer sees the mirror image when the viewing direction deviates from the horizontal above or below the - possibly luminous - liquid surface . Only when the reader looks exactly horizontally, i.e. vertically on the device, scale and ampoule, does the liquid surface coincide with its reflection, so that it appears as a line. In all other positions, the reader sees a double line, which indicates that the line of sight is wrong. The recess for the ampoule in the rear part of the housing which is mentioned at the outset and which must be present in every heating cost allocator is expediently used as the light-reflecting surface. By appropriate surface design of the bottom of this depression, it can be achieved that the incident light is reflected. If the back of the housing is made of metal, this surface design can very easily take place during manufacture by pulling, grinding or polishing the metal or similar processing operations. Regardless of the type of material used, the light reflection can be achieved by covering the recess with a reflective material, for example, a glossy or reflective film.

Depending on the design and the dimensions of the recess, the ampoule and the transparent window in front of the ampoule, an improvement in the reflective effect can be achieved if the reflecting surface is curved or kinked. For example, by designing the bottom of the depression in the form of a cylindrical concave mirror or by correspondingly folding this surface several times, a concentration of the reflecting rays and thus an increase in their brightness can be achieved.

The object of the invention, to simplify the construction of the heat cost allocator and thereby to simplify and reduce the cost, serves an embodiment of the spring according to the invention, which presses the ampoule with the measuring liquid against an upper stop. This spring must be attached in such a way that it acts on the curved bottom of the ampoule and exerts an upward force on the ampoule. In addition to the pressure against the upper stop, the spring also has the task of pushing the ampoule backwards away from the housing front part against the housing back part so that the ampoule lies in the recess of the housing back part with good thermal contact. This spring can be designed particularly simply and inexpensively as a leaf spring, the part of which rests against the ampoule base is formed by a cutout (for example a punched-out portion) which is shaped in such a way that - in cooperation with the curvature of the ampoule base - an additional force poneπte is applied transversely to the spring force acting in the direction of the axis of the ampoule on the ampoule. While the actual spring force of the leaf spring ensures that the ampoule is pressed against the upper stop and the leaf spring is more or less bent depending on the length of the ampoule, which varies within a certain tolerance, the transverse force presses the ampoule into the recess in the rear part of the housing.

In a particularly expedient embodiment, the cutout essentially has the shape of a triangle, in which one corner and the opposite side can be replaced by circular sections with different radii which merge tangentially into the other two sides of the triangle. The cutout is therefore approximately egg-shaped and has a maximum width that is smaller than the diameter of the ampoule. Due to the upward main spring force of the leaf spring, the curved bottom of the ampoule slides from the point of the smallest width to the greatest width (from the tip to the blunt end of the egg-shaped cutout). This creates the lateral force.

The use of a leaf spring with a cutout that is rounded at both ends has the additional advantage that an optical device, as already described, can be used at the same time: With the cutout, the light rays can be selected if the dimensions are selected appropriately, which are used to illuminate the liquid surface and do not enter the ampoule through the floor.

The object of the invention to enable an extremely accurate reading, independent of human weaknesses, is also achieved by another device which uses a semi or fully automatic reading with the aid of a 1 3

Readers allowed with the heat cost allocator closed. According to the invention, this additional device consists of markings which are attached to the front of the housing and are designed in such a way that the reading device can derive unambiguous information from which point on the scale the scanning takes place. Because the marking gives direct information about its position on the scale or in relation to the scale, it is not necessary to scan the entire length of the scale with the reading device t, as is necessary with a scale starting at from the zero point, successively equivalent elements must be scanned and counted. In the execution of the markings according to the invention, the Able¬ segerat only needs to be set correctly at the height of the liquid level in the best case, and it can then by a single registration of the marking located in the associated height, the position of the scale at which the liquid level is located , are determined.

The markings are expediently formed by arrangements of light and dark dots which are arranged next to or on top of one another and. which are optically or photoelectrically scanned in parallel or in series. The light-dark pattern represents coded information about its position on the scale.

Instead of light and dark points, it is also possible to use points which are raised or recessed on the surface of the front part of the housing and which are mechanically, e.g. can be scanned by a feeler lever.

In a further embodiment, the markings are formed by a continuous arrangement. whose dimensions or other properties can be recognized, at which point on the scale the scanning takes place. For example, an elongated, dark bar on a light background can be attached to the front of the housing, the width of which clearly changes over the course of the scale. The bar width, which can be tapped photoelectrically, is a measure of the position of the scanning process on the scale. Instead of the dark bar, there may also be a raised or recessed contour, which is mechanically sensed in a corresponding manner. All embodiments of this additional device have in common that in the case of semi-automatic reading, the readers no longer have to search for the zero point of the scale and the liquid level one after the other in order to carry out the measurement, but that only one alignment of the reading device to the liquid level is sufficient. Even with fully automatic reading, the entire scale does not have to be traversed from top to bottom; a short movement in the area of the liquid level is sufficient, the exceeding of which triggers the one-time registration process.

The heat cost allocator can also be provided with brackets that hold a second ampoule. This has the advantage that, at the end of a billing period, the used ampoule with the partially evaporated measuring liquid can be kept in the heat cost allocator for comparison purposes and to preserve evidence.

Since this second ampoule is no longer in operation and should no longer evaporate, it must be closed as tightly as possible with a stopper. For this purpose, it is necessary that the sealing plug is pressed into the ampoule opening under pressure. However, since the length of the ampoule varies somewhat due to unavoidable tolerances, a spring element must also be present, which ensures both length compensation and pressure.

According to the invention, these various functions can be combined in a particularly simple and inexpensive manner in a single structural element, in that the second ampoule is clamped between two fixed stops with the aid of an elastic sealing plug which is shaped in such a way that it simultaneously exerts pressure on the ampoule opening and absorbs the length tolerances of the ampoule.

Such an elastic and resilient plug in the longitudinal direction not only provides a particularly good seal and a secure retention of the second ampoule. At the same time, an additional spring element otherwise required for length compensation is saved. 2 r

The various features of the invention that can be used individually or in any combination with one another are illustrated in the drawings, for example.

Fig. 1 shows a front view of a heat cost allocator according to the invention;

Fig. 2 represents one. Longitudinal section through the heat cost allocator according to Figure 1, from which the individual components can be seen.

Fig. 3 shows the front view and a section through the seal;

4 schematically shows the beam path in a window with a thick material;

FIG. 5 schematically shows a window with different material thicknesses and the different beam path caused thereby in the case of oblique light incidence;

Fig. 6 shows schematically the arrangement of lines on the front and back of the window;

7 schematically shows a window with embedded horizontal opaque layers;

8 shows a section through an illumination prism;

Fig. 9 shows schematically a section through a manipulation indicator, consisting of the two layers of blotting paper and the adhesive, between which there is a color dot;

Fig. 10 shows a front view and section of the arrangement of a row of teeth on the front of the heat cost allocator and a movable optics; 11 shows a front view of a heat cost allocator with the dot rows of a scale and a scale number;

12 shows in cross section the arrangement of an illumination device and the scanning of the liquid level by a photo sensor of a reading device;

13 shows a front view and a partially cut-away side view of a heat cost allocator with a unit scale and a product scale that can be inserted into a recess in the front part of the housing;

14 shows a front view, a partially cut-away side view and a partial cross section of a heat cost allocator with a unit scale and a recess in the front part of the housing with lateral grooves into which a product scale can be inserted obliquely from below from the front of the device;

15 shows a section of a heat cost allocator with a seal, the head of which holds the product scale used;

16 shows a section of a heat cost allocator with a seal, the head of which is turned off and the shaft of which has projections which hold the front part of the housing and the rear part of the housing together;

17 schematically shows the direct beam and the reflected beam when the liquid level is not viewed horizontally;

18 shows two cross sections through the back of the housing with depressions and inserted ampoule, one of the depressions being shown as a flat surface and the other as a curved, light-reflecting surface;

19 schematically shows an ampoule with measuring liquid which is pressed against an upper stop by a leaf spring, a transverse force being generated; 20 shows, in two sections and a top view, a leaf spring with a cutout and illustrates the forces acting on the ampoule;

21 shows a front view of a heat cost allocator with point markings which can be decoded by a reading device;

22 shows a front view of a heat cost allocator with a dark bar on a light background, the width of which decreases over the course of the scale and which can be decoded by a reading device; and

23 shows a section of a second ampoule in two positions, which is clamped between two fixed stops with the aid of an elastic sealing plug.

As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, a

Heat cost allocator an elongated back part 1 made of good heat-conducting material and an elongated front part 2, in which an elongated cutout 3 is provided. The back of the housing 1 is for

Installation determined in thermal contact with the surface of a radiator, the longitudinal axes of parts 1, 2 and 3 being oriented approximately vertically in the installed position. In the cutout 3, a transparent window 4 closing it is firmly arranged. Scales 5 are arranged on both sides of an ampoule 6 enclosed by the housing rear part 1 and the housing front part 2 and containing an evaporation liquid 7, on the inside of the window facing the ampoule 6. The ampoule 6 is pressed against an upper stop 9 by means of a lower compression spring 8.

As can be seen in detail from FIG. 2, the connection between the housing rear part 1 and the housing front part 2 takes place, on the one hand, through a projection 11 of the housing rear part 1, which protrudes into a lower recess 10 of the housing front part 2, and, on the other hand, through a projection above the ampoule 6 located area of the heat cost allocator seal 12, the more precise design of which is shown in FIG. 3. Below the ampoule 6, a prism 13 is fixedly arranged in the front housing part 2, the flat front surface 14 of which is flush with the front surface of the front housing part 2. A reflection surface -15 of the prism 11 which is inclined with respect to the front surface 14 is arranged below the round ampoule base 16 in such a way that light entering the front surface 14 is deflected into the ampoule 6 by total reflection at the reflection surface 15 and at the liquid level or meniscus 17 of the evaporation liquid 7 is reflected. 3, the seal 12 is recessed in a recess 18 of the front housing part 2 and has an essentially cylindrical seal head 19 and an essentially cylindrical shaft 20 extending from the seal head 19, the diameter of which near the seal head 19 for formation a main target breaking point 21 is significantly reduced. The end region of the seal shaft 20 facing away from the seal head 19 is designed in the form of two axially extending, radially elastic hooks 22, the radial locking areas 23 of which in the closed state of the heat cost allocator shown in FIG Fig. 3 only schematically shown counter anchor element 24 are non-releasably locked.

The flat and completely smooth front side 25 of the seal head 19 is flush with the front side 26 of the front housing part 2, while the rear side 28 of the seal head 19, which rests against a counter surface 27 of the recess 18 parallel to the front side 25, has small axial projections 29, which engage in correspondingly shaped recesses 30 of the counter surface 27. Thus, while the seal head 19 is axially supported on the counter surface 27 for the interior of the front housing part 2, on the other hand the hooks 22 are also provided with further small radial hooks 31 which are axially opposite the rear side 32 of the front housing part 26 2 axially support, so that the seal 12 is axially immovably fixed in the front housing part 2.

The transition area between the seal shaft 20 and the seal head 19 is designed as a further predetermined breaking point 33, in that the material thickness is dimensioned such that the further predetermined breaking point 33 surrounding the seal shaft 20 in the area of the seal head 19 breaks under axial load, while the main breaking point 21 remains intact. Finally, a slot-shaped recess 34 of the seal head 19 is closed by a predetermined breaking point 35 of low material thickness to the front 25 of the seal head 19.

The strip-shaped predetermined breaking point 35 covering the slot-shaped recess 34 can be easily pierced by a screwdriver 36, whereupon the screwdriver 36 engages in the slot-shaped recess 34 and can be rotated to turn off the main target breaking point 21. If a differently shaped tool is used instead of the screwdriver 36, for example a key 37 with two

/ used axial engagement pin 38 ^, so naturally, the ^"target are fractions 35 disposed congruent to the engagement pin 38 and seal instead of the single slot 'shaped recess 34 two blind hole-shaped recesses into which the engaging pins 38 fit. While during rotation of the Plombenkopfes 19 tears the main breaking point 21 and so that the housing front part 2 can be removed from the housing back part 1, in the event of a pull axially exerted on the housing front part 2 with respect to the seal stem 20, the further predetermined breaking points 33 on the seal head 19 tear, as a result of which any unauthorized attempt at opening ds Heat cost allocator becomes visible.

4 shows a cross section of the window 4 arranged in front of the ampoule 6, which is made with such a greatly increased material thickness that the beam path 39 outside the window 4, which has an angle of incidence which is very oblique with respect to the horizontal, has a considerably smaller inside the window 4 Inclination to the horizontal maintains. Even in the case of a direction of observation which deviates greatly from the horizontal, the light deflection directed towards the horizontal within the window 4 therefore reduces the Parallax error in reading the meniscus 17 of the liquid surface.

Another embodiment of the window 4 shown in FIG. 5, the upper part of FIG.

5 shows a cross section through the window 4 along the longitudinal axis of the elongated cutout 3 and the lower illustration of FIG. 5 shows a cross section through the window 4 perpendicular thereto, has two material thicknesses which are substantially different from one another parallel to the longitudinal direction of the window 4 on, which are caused by a longitudinal groove 40 in the window 4. The beam path 39 shown in FIG. 5 shows that at ^'right inclined viewing direction in the two different material thicknesses for the observer a noticeable mutual displacement of the ^beams' 39' against the Vah and 39 "occurs, whereby a paral- appears laxenfehl.er .

6, the same sequence of horizontal lines 41 is arranged congruently with one another on the front and rear of the window 4, so that an observer can recognize a parallax-free reading by the fact that the lines 41 on the front and cover the back of each.

Alternatively, in the embodiment of the window 4 shown in FIG. 7, thin opaque layers 42 are embedded in its crystal-clear material in horizontal cross-sectional planes, the

Layers 42 are arranged in the vertical longitudinal direction of the window 4 at a small mutual distance from one another. As can be seen from the beam path 39 of FIG. 7, in this arrangement the window 4 is only transparent in a very small angular range around the horizontal, so that a parallax-free reading takes place. The prism 13 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 with regard to its positional arrangement in the heat cost allocator is shown in a special embodiment in FIG. 8. The light rays radiated through the flat front light entry surface 14 from the outside of the heat cost allocator are totally reflected on the reflection surface 15 of the prism 13, which is arched in FIG. 8 to achieve a focusing effect, as a result of which the optical axis of the beam path is 90 ° is angled. The light exit surface 43 of the prism 13 is also curved depending on the curvature of the ampoule base 16, as a result of which the angle of entry of the light rays into the ampoule 6 can be set to a desired value. The light bundled and deflected by the prism 13 passes through the evaporation liquid 7 in the ampoule 6 axially, ie vertically upwards, without emerging laterally from the ampoule 6. A reflection phenomenon thus occurs on the meniscus 17 of the evaporation liquid 7, through which the observer can perceive the meniscus 17 as a brightly lit line.

According to FIG. 9, a blotting paper layer 44 is arranged on the rear side 32 of the housing front part 2 by means of an adhesive layer 45. A water-soluble color point 46 is located between the two layers 44, 45. If the air humidity in the heat cost allocator rises above a certain value, the color point 46 dissolves and the shape change associated therewith becomes visible on the blotting paper layer 44, as a result of which Counterfeiting, which is associated with an excessive increase in air humidity, can be detected.

In Fig. 10 is one on the heat cost allocator - _{[_} shown aufzusetzendes Ablesegerat, wherein the left-hand illustration of Figure 10 is a front plan view and the right view shows a partially sectioned view Seitenan¬.. The reading device has an adapter 50 shaped in accordance with the front part 2 of the housing and a housing 51 arranged thereon in the longitudinal direction. A palpable scale 52 arranged on the front housing part 2 parallel to the scales 5, which is designed in the form of a toothed rack in the example shown in FIG. 10, passes through an adapter 50 provided on the front housing part 2 through an adapter 50 provided therein Recess 53 engages with a gear 54 mounted in the housing 51, which gear either directly or via an intermediate

• _j c gear is connected to a mechanical counter, not shown. An objective lens 55 arranged in the housing 51 and an eyepiece 56 cooperating therewith, which is pivotably arranged in the housing 51 to achieve an adjustable observation direction,

20 together form an optical system focused on the ampoule 6, through which the meniscus 17 can be observed.

The housing 51 of the reading device is used for reading

25 under observation through the eyepiece 56, first set to the upper filling mark of the ampoule 6, which indicates the initial filling level of the evaporation liquid 7. In this position, the counter coupled to the gear 54 is set to its zero value, for example by actuating a reset button. The housing 51 is then moved downwards by a subsequent scanning movement until the eyepiece 56 grasps the meniscus 17. As a result of this scanning movement, the gear wheel 54 rotates about one along the scale 52 -. distance traveled corresponding angular rotation, whereby a corresponding count value accumulates in the counter, which is locked in by pressing another button. This count appears to the reader in a reading window 57 of the housing 51 shown in FIG. 10.

In FIG. 10, a reading number 57 also shows a scale number, namely the number "30", which represents a code value for a radiator-specific factor by which the value obtained by scanning the scale 52 is multiplied to form the final heat consumption value got to. Although this is not explicitly shown in FIG. 10, in addition to the scale 52, this scale number is also arranged on the front part 2 of the housing in a scannable form, the sample value being obtainable in the same way as the value obtained by scanning the scale 52 . The counter provided in the housing 51 can be provided with an electronic or mechanical multiplication device which automatically carries out the required multiplication by the scale number, so that the finished end value appears immediately in the reading window 57.

It can be seen from the plan view of the front housing part 2 shown in FIG. 11 that the scale 52 here is a regular one. Sequence of closely following, alternating light and dark areas is formed. A scale number 58 is also coded on the front housing part 2 in the same way.

The scale 52 shown in FIG. 11 and the scale number 58 are scanned fully automatically in accordance with the embodiment of the reading device shown in FIG. 12 by photoelectric means. In this respect, the embodiment of the reading device shown in FIG. 12 differs from that in FIG. 10 shown semi-automatic embodiment. Instead of the scanning gear 54, in the case of FIG. 12, in the displaceable housing 51, a photosensor arrangement 59 focused on the ampoule 6 and also on the scale 52 and the scale number 58 is provided, through which both the scanning takes place and the meniscus 17 is detected . Just as in the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 10, here too the housing 51 is initially moved to the upper fill mark at the beginning of the scanning movement, which is achieved by the photosensor arrangement

59 is detected, whereby an electronic counter (not shown) is reset. During the subsequent scanning movement, the counter is incremented by the scanning signal of the scale 52 provided by the photosensor arrangement 59 and, after the meniscus 17 has been detected, is locked by the photosensor arrangement 59 to the instantaneous count value then detected. Since the scale number 58 was also scanned by the photosensor arrangement 59 at the start of the scanning movement, the scale number is also available at the end of the scanning movement, so that an electronic evaluation logic and the final heat consumption value obtained by multiplication on a visual display, such as a digital one LED display can be supplies.

12 that an illuminating device 60 is provided in the adapter 50, the light exit point of which, when the adapter 50 is placed on the front part 2 of the housing, coincides precisely with the light entry surface 14 of the prism 13, so that the radiation emitted by the illuminating device 60 Light in the manner explained in connection with FIGS. 1, 2 and 8 for illuminating the meniscus 17 becomes effective. A battery for supplying energy to the lighting device 60 can also be arranged within the adapter 50. The heat cost allocator in FIG. 13 has a recess 61 on its front side which is delimited by a peripheral edge 62. Inside this recess, in addition to the transparent window 4, through which the ampoule 6 with the measuring liquid 7 can be seen, there is a standard scale 63. The inside dimension of the recess 61 corresponds exactly to the outside dimension of a product scale 64 shown next to it, so that it is shaped ¬ can be inserted conclusively from the front into the recess 61, the ampoule 6 with the measuring liquid 7 still remaining visible, but the unit scale 63 is covered by the product scale 64. On the left side of the window 4, a linearly arranged control ^scale 65 is indicated.

In FIG. 14 the recess 61 in the front part 2 of the heat cost allocator is additionally provided with side grooves 66 which are open in the plane of the recess 61 and which are each open to the front in a short piece 67 at the lower end of the recess 61. The grooves

66 are rounded from the inside to the front, so that the thin product scale 64 can be inserted obliquely upwards from the front side with elastic bending. After insertion, the product scale 64 ends exactly at the bottom of the recess 61.

15 shows how the seal head 19 passing through the product scale 64 holds the product scale 64 with a radially projecting edge 69.

FIG. 16 shows another embodiment of the seal 12, which has additional radial projections 71 in the course of its shaft 20 on the side facing away from the seal head 19, beyond the main predetermined breaking parts 21, which engage with the front housing part 2. The seal head 19, which originally held the product scale 64 and which has already been turned off, was indicated by dashed lines. When the front housing part 2 is pulled away from the rear housing part 1, the additional projections 71 are sheared off.

From FIG. 17 it can be seen that when the viewing direction deviates from the horizontal, in addition to the liquid surface 17 itself, its mirror image which is produced on a light-reflecting surface 72 can also be seen.

18 how the light-reflecting surface 72 is formed from the bottom of the depression for the ampoule 8 in the rear part 1 of the housing. In the example on the left, the floor is formed as a flat surface, in the right as a curved surface.

19 shows how the ampoule 6 with the measuring liquid 7 is mounted between a leaf spring 73 and a fixed upper stop 74. To simplify the illustration, the leaf spring is pivoted with its holder through 90 ° into the plane of the drawing. 75 is the main spring force and 76 is the transverse force generated by a recess 77 receiving the ampoule base 16.

FIG. 20 shows how the shape of the recess 77 in the leaf spring 73 creates the transverse force 76, by means of which the ampoule 6 is pressed against the rear part 1 of the housing.

While the readers described in FIGS. 10 to 12 interact with a scale 52 provided on the front part 2 of the heat cost allocator, the scale 52 being scanned at least by the uppermost indicator mark indicating the complete filling of the ampoule 6 to the actual height of the meniscus 17 ¬ movement of the housing 51 must be sensed, in the embodiment of the heat cost allocator shown in FIG. 21, a decodable marking 78 is arranged on the front side 26 of the housing There is a pattern of dark spots on a light background and extends over the entire length of the ampoule 6 or the window 4. The code content of this pattern clearly corresponds to a position coordinate value along the ampoule 6, so that it is sufficient to scan only a small area around the location of the meniscus 17 with the scanning device and to determine the position coordinate value resulting from the markings scanned there. In addition, the scale number, likewise indicated by a decodable marking 79 on the front side 26, can be scanned and decoded, as a result of which the logical device of the scanning device, after multiplying the value corresponding to the scale number by the position coordinate value, directly forms the final consumption value.

While in the embodiment shown in FIG. 21 the position coordinate value is uniquely determined by a line of points 78 in relation to the points of the line above and below it, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 22 the decodable marking is by a continuous dark bar 80 formed, the horizontal width increases along its vertical height extending parallel to the ampoule 6 from bottom to top. This horizontal width is scanned by the reading device and decoded to determine the position coordinate value. The non-linear change in width, which is expressed by the curved profile of the side edges of the dark bar 80, results in a non-linear scale division.

The principle of an elastic closure plug 81 is indicated in FIG. 23. On the left is the shortest and on the right the longest ampoule 6 which can occur.

The distance T is the bandwidth which is given by the length tolerance of the ampoule 6. Characterized in that a resilient area 82 of the ^' plug 81 more or is less compressed, creates a force that ensures a tight seal. Although the upper stop 83 and the lower stop 84 are rigid, length compensation is nevertheless possible.

Claims

Claims 1. Heat cost allocator based on the evaporation principle for heat consumption recording of radiators, consisting of a housing back made of good heat-conducting material, a housing front part with an elongated, vertical cutout, which is closed by a transparent window, one or more scales and one for Receptacle of the vaporizer serving for evaporation liquid, which with the connected front and rear parts of the housing is in heat-tight contact with the rear part of the housing, and a closure device in the form of a seal which is inserted through a recess in the front part of the housing, on a corresponding projection of the rear part of the housing is caught and can be sheared off by rotating its round head at a main breaking point of its shaft, as a result of which it breaks down into two parts and the housing can be opened, characterized in that the seal head is recessed in the recess in the front part of the housing Nkt is, with its back against a counter surface of the front housing part and has only a substantially flat, non-attacking surface on its front side, that the seal head on its back and the mating surface of the front housing part touching it have interlocking axial projections or recesses , and that the seal head on its front shows point or strip-shaped sections of very low material thickness as a predetermined breaking point, which after breaking through a suitably shaped tool form points of attack for the rotation of the seal head. 2. Heat cost allocator according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing head has further predetermined breaking points arranged around the subsequent sealing shaft, the material thickness of which is selected such that they tear in axial tension in front of the main desired breaking point provided on the sealing shaft. 3. Heat cost allocator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the seal has radial hooks on its shaft, which spread out when the seal is inserted through the front part of the housing at the rear and that the main breaking point of the shaft between these hooks and the Seal head is arranged. 4. Heat cost allocator according to the evaporation principle for heat consumption recording of radiators, in particular in combination with one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transparent window in its reading area between the scale and the ampoule containing the evaporation liquid contains such a strong ver¬ has greater material thickness that obliquely incident light rays are refracted in a more horizontal direction. 5. Heat cost allocator according to claim 4, characterized in that the transparent window parallel to its longitudinal direction, in particular by a groove, is subdivided into two material thicknesses which are substantially different from one another and which cause noticeable mutual displacement of the viewer for light rays which pass obliquely. 6. Heat cost allocator according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that in each case the same sequence of horizontal lines is attached both on the front and on the back of the transparent window at the same height, in particular in alignment with the existing scale lines. 7. Heat cost allocator according to claim 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that very thin opaque layers are embedded in the horizontal plane in the crystal-clear material of the window over its cross section, which follow one another at very short intervals over the entire height of the window. . _ 8. Heat cost allocator according to the evaporation principle for heat consumption recording of radiators, in particular in combination with one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that an optical device is provided through which rays of light radiated from the outside are conducted in the heat cost allocator so that they pass through the bottom of the ampoule, through total reflection in the course of the. The ampoule cannot emerge and is reflected on the downwardly curved meniscus of the liquid surface. 9. Heat cost allocator according to claim 8, characterized in that the opti¬ cal device consists of a body made of crystal-clear material in the form of a totally reflecting prism into which the light rays enter from the front and in which they are deflected upwards on the reflecting surface the outlet surface is below the ampoule bottom. 10. Heat cost allocator according to claim 9, characterized in that the opti¬ cal device has a flat, flush with the housing front light entrance surface, that the reflection surface is curved to bundle or scatter the light rays, and that the light exit surface with the curvature of the Ampoule bottom is formed interactively. 11. Heat cost allocator according to the principle of evaporation for heat consumption recording of radiators, in particular in combination with one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a device is attached to the inside of the front housing part, which on an artificial increase in humidity within the housing reacts beyond a certain limit value with a clearly visible change. 12. Heat cost allocator according to claim 11, characterized in that the device consists of a defined arrangement of dry hygroscopic salts, which flow through water absorption when a certain high humidity value is exceeded and thereby undergo an irreversible change in their arrangement. 13. Heat cost allocator according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the device consists of an absorbent material to which a water-soluble paint is applied in a particular arrangement in dry form, which dissolves when exposed to water and is distributed in the absorbent material . 14. Heat cost allocator according to claim 13, characterized in that the water-soluble ink is applied to the back of the absorbent material and is visible after dissolution by exposure to water on the front thereof. 15. Heat cost allocator according to one or more of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the device is applied to a self-adhesive material. 16. Heat cost allocator according to the evaporation principle for heat consumption recording of radiators, in particular in combination with one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the front of the housing parallel to the scales, a scale that can be scanned by a meter, in particular in the form a mechanically, optically, electrically, photoelectrically or magnetically tapped scale is arranged. 17. Heat cost allocator according to claim 16, characterized in that the measuring stick is formed by regularly arranged ridges or depressions of the housing front, which are mechanically scanned by a sensing element, in particular by a gear, a pawl or a spring-loaded lever can. 18. Heat cost allocator according to claim 16, characterized in that the measuring stick consists of a vertical, regular sequence of closely lined alternating light or dark points which can be scanned optically or photoelectrically. 19. Heat cost allocator according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the division of the scale is not linear, but corresponds to the unlinear characteristic of the consumption scale of the heat cost allocator. 20. Heat cost allocator according to one of claims 16 to 19, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that scales, devices or other identification numbers are arranged in a form corresponding to the scanning pattern of the scale and can also be scanned by the reading device. 21. Heat cost allocator according to one of claims 16 to 20, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the reading device has a parallax free both on the scale and the liquid column focused optical device with adjustable viewing angle of the reader, the scale by the device by a along the Scaling scanning movement can be tapped, the reading device is initially set to the zero point of the scale and then to the liquid level during the scanning movement, and a manual memory command can be entered into the reading device in each of these two positions, by means of which the respective scanning value of the scale is stored and a readout value indicating the corresponding lowering of the liquid level below the zero point of the scale is digitally displayed. 22. Heat cost allocator according to one of claims 16 to 20, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the reading device has one of the automatic detection of the zero point of the scale and the automatic photoelectric detection of the liquid level serving device and a device for automatic processing of the samples of the scale to a value corresponding to the lowering of the liquid level below the zero point of the scale and a device for digital display of this value. 23. Heat cost allocator according to claim 22, characterized in that the meter t additionally reads a scale number attached according to claim 20 and that it has a device by which the measured reduction automatically multiplies by the scale number and thereby an immediate display in values the consumption scale is formed. 24. Heat cost allocator, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the reading device has a safety device by means of which the length of the scanning movement and its scanning speed are compared with predetermined reference values and an error message as a function of the comparison result is produced. 25. Heat cost allocator according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the reading device according to a vernier arranged scanning elements through which intermediate positions between the discrete scanning marks of the scale can be detected. 26. Heat cost allocator according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the scanning device has a time measuring device by which the time, duration measured between the scanning marks on the scale, from this determines the speed of the scanning process and thereby from the time the distance covered between two scanning marks is determined. 27. Heat cost allocator according to one of claims 1 to 26, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the meter t a built-in printer for output of the determined values and / or a built-in device for storing the determined values or connections for external printers and / or storage devices has. 28. Heat cost allocator according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the reading device has a light source for light radiation in the optical device according to claims 8 to 10. 29. Heat cost allocator according to the evaporation principle for heat consumption detection of radiators, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 28, with a universal unit scale on the front housing part, characterized in that the front housing part has a receiving device for a further individual product scale, which also at the Housing back part placed on the front part of the housing can be inserted into the receiving device and thereby completely or partially covers the unit scale. 30. Heat cost allocator according to claim 29, characterized in that the front housing part has a depression corresponding to the product scale on its front side, into which the product scale can be used. 31. Heat cost allocator according to claim 29, characterized in that the housing front part has at its front a depression corresponding to the product scale with lateral grooves into which the product scale can be inserted. -. 32. Heat cost allocator according to claim 31, characterized in that the two grooves are open at one end region. 33. Heat cost allocator according to one of claims 29 to 32, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the receiving device has a locking area for engagement with the product scale, the locking engagement prevents a non-destructive or damage-free removal of the product scale. 34. Heat cost allocator according to one of claims 1 to 3 and 29 to 33, characterized in that the product scale used is held by the seal head and secured against removal. 35. Heat cost allocator according to claim 34, characterized in that the product scale is penetrated by the seal head and is overlapped on its free outer surface by a radial edge of the seal head. 36. Heat cost allocator with a seal according to one of claims 1 to 3, in particular in combination with one of claims 4 to 35, characterized in that the seal shaft has very thin radial projections in a region facing away from the seal head and beyond the main desired breaking point, which are in engagement with the front part of the housing and can be sheared off by slight axial tensile load. 37. heat cost allocator according to the evaporation principle for heat consumption recording of radiators, in particular according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that a light-reflecting surface is arranged behind the ampoule with the measuring liquid in the entire height used for the measurement. 38. Heat cost allocator according to claim 37, characterized in that the light-reflecting surface is produced by appropriate surface design of the recess for the measuring ampoule in the back of the housing, in particular by pulling, grinding or polishing the recess in a metallic back, or by covering the recess with a light reflecting material. 39. Heat cost allocator according to claim 37 or 38, characterized in that the light reflecting surface is curved or bent to improve the reflective effect. 40. Heat cost allocator according to the principle of evaporation for heat consumption detection of radiators, in particular according to one of claims 8 to 10, in which the ampoule with the evaporation liquid is pressed against an upper stop by a spring which acts on the curved ampoule base characterized in that the spring is a leaf spring, the part lying against the ampoule base is formed by a cutout which is shaped such that it unevenly curves the curvature of the ampoule base in a preferred direction transverse to the spring force acting in the direction of the axis of the ampoule loads and thereby exerts an additional force component on the ampoule. 41. Heat cost allocator according to claim 40, characterized in that the cutout has essentially the shape of a triangle, wherein a corner and the opposite side of the triangle can each be replaced by circular sections with different radii which are tangential in the two go over to the other side of the triangle. 42. Heat cost allocator, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 41, characterized in that decodable markings are arranged on the front of the heat cost allocator by a reading device, the code content of which clearly corresponds to a position coordinate value along the scale. 43. Heat cost allocator according to claim 42, characterized in that the markings are formed by a pattern of light and dark dots, which are attached next to one another or one above the other, and which are optically or photoelectrically scanned in parallel or in series. 44. Heat cost allocator according to claim 42, characterized in that the markings are formed by a pattern of points which are raised or deepened and are mechanically scanned. 45. Heat cost allocator according to claim 42, characterized in that the markings are formed by a continuous pattern, of which at least one dimension corresponds to the coordinate value. 46. Heat cost allocator according to the evaporation principle for recording heat consumption of radiators, in particular in combination with one of the preceding claims, with a second, sealed ampoule with evaporation liquid, which indicates the consumption of the previous year, characterized in that the second ampoule between two fixed stops are clamped with the aid of an elastic closure stop fsns, which is so shaped that it simultaneously exerts pressure on the ampoule opening and resiliently absorbs the length tolerances of the ampoule.