WO1983002974A1 - Formwork construction for concrete or reinforced concrete structures having the shape of a rotation and/or second degree surface and/or an adjusted surface and method for implementing such construction - Google Patents
Formwork construction for concrete or reinforced concrete structures having the shape of a rotation and/or second degree surface and/or an adjusted surface and method for implementing such construction Download PDFInfo
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- WO1983002974A1 WO1983002974A1 PCT/HU1983/000010 HU8300010W WO8302974A1 WO 1983002974 A1 WO1983002974 A1 WO 1983002974A1 HU 8300010 W HU8300010 W HU 8300010W WO 8302974 A1 WO8302974 A1 WO 8302974A1
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- formwork
- formwork panels
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- construction
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
- E04G11/06—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
- E04G11/062—Forms for curved walls
- E04G11/065—Forms for curved walls with mechanical means to modify the curvature
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
- E04G11/06—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
- E04G11/08—Forms, which are completely dismantled after setting of the concrete and re-built for next pouring
- E04G11/087—Fill-in form panels in the plane of two adjacent forms
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
- E04G9/08—Forming boards or similar elements, which are collapsible, foldable, or able to be rolled up
Definitions
- the invention relates to a formwork construction for formwork of buildings made of concrete or reinforced concrete with a rotating surface and / or surface of second rank and / or straight surface, and a method for construction using the formwork construction.
- the second-order surfaces are those whose each cut created by the cutting plane is a second-order curve, e.g. an El lipsoid, a hyperboloid with one or two sheaths, forms an elliptical paraboloid.
- the straight-line surfaces are to be understood as those surfaces which are formed by simply infinite multiplicity of a straight line.
- the straight lines forming the surface line of the surface can - depending on the relative position of the surface lines which are infinitely close to one another - consist of intersecting or alternating straight lines, the surface being able to be developed in the first case, but in the latter case a skewed surface is obtained .
- the invention can be used to build e.g. Water tower nesting, cooling towers, digesters for cleaning dirty water, silo entries, gable roofs and the like are used.
- the closure panel arranged on the circumference of the structure to be shuttered from the rotating surface - due to the dimensional variation of the panels and the inaccuracy of the layout - is either too small, which creates a gap between the panels, or too large, which means that it can be changed between the other panels without subsequent redesign fits.
- These formwork systems do not allow for positive or negative dimensional tolerances, which, however, are permissible based on the standards of the construction industry.
- the right-angled panels / e.g. the panels of the so-called "formwork with steel panel” / are only suitable for polygonal formwork of the cylinder surfaces.
- Such a formwork system is also known, for example, for formworking conical or egg-shaped containers, the formwork being carried out by assembling the ring-shaped rows which are curved according to the surface or polygonal and made of steel panels and inclined at corresponding angles.
- the disadvantage of the solution lies in the fact that the rings formed from panels with a certain dimension can only be used for formwork of a building of the same diameter and the same angle of inclination, and therefore the advantage that the steel formwork can be used quite a number of times cannot be exploited.
- the invention has for its object to provide a formwork construction, as well as a method for formwork of structures with a rotating surface, surface of the second rank and straight surface, whereby the formwork can be carried out quickly, economically, and eliminates the disadvantages of the previously known solutions of a similar goal are.
- the invention is based on the finding that the arcuate surface can be divided into rows, which consist of fields from parallel sides, in which rows the fields touch one another by one end or in the immediate vicinity of one another and in other places with increasing distance from one another are located.
- the fields with parallel sides can be boarded by formwork of any flat and right-angled square shape, for example steel panels, and the strips of variable width lying between these fields can be boarded by a formwork of strange Design can be boarded up.
- the panels of this latter formwork can form the main girders of the entire formwork, which transmit and bear the load of the "panel system part", moreover are capable due to their design, the positive and negative dimensional tolerance resulting from the inaccuracies resulting from the inaccuracies and the concrete closure between the Stripes / lines / to grant, because the cladding panels of the main girders reach under the panels of the formwork part of "steel panels".
- the formwork construction has formwork panels of variable width and formwork panels of constant width, which in the rows lying next to each other are alternately arranged, and the formwork panels of variable width - at least partially - are the main girders of the formwork construction, the adjacent formwork panels lying next to each other by themselves for absorbing the stress resulting from the concrete pressure or for transmission the resulting stress from the concrete pressure from the formwork panels functioning as the main girder to the other formwork panels suitable connections are connected.
- the embodiment is expedient, the formwork panels of variable width having a triangular or elongated trapezoid shape.
- the embodiment is advantageous, the width of the formwork panels functioning as the main girder being selected so that the longitudinal catenary of the Installation condition Formwork panels forming the main girder are located under the adjacent formwork panels, i.e. with an overlap.
- the embodiment is possible, in which the plate shell of the formwork panels of variable width forming the main girders are reinforced by longitudinal ribs lying on longitudinal edges and advantageously formed from a closed profile, as well as transverse ribs.
- the embodiment is expedient, the longitudinal ribs of the formwork panels which form the main carrier in the installed state being arranged at a distance from the lateral surfaces of their adjacent formwork panels.
- the embodiment is advantageous, the height of the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs of the formwork panels functioning as the main girder being greater than the height of the other formwork panels.
- the embodiment is possible, wherein the formwork panels functioning as the main girder, or at least part of which has a variable width.
- the plate shell of the formwork plates functioning as the main support being formed by slidable, overlapping plates j the plates are reinforced by longitudinal ribs and transverse ribs; the transverse ribs have a telescopic design such that the inner cross section of the hollow rib part fastened to the one plate is larger than the outer cross section of the rib part fastened to the other plate, the rib parts being arched and displaceable into one another and in the overlapping ones Plates are formed in the same line arcuate slots, which means that the connecting elements, for example shaft screws and nuts, which lie one on top of the other plates are releasably connected to each other.
- the essence of the method affected by the invention is that functional formwork panels of variable width are expediently arranged over the full length of the surface of the structure to be formworked, and these, formwork panels arranged on both sides of the wall to be produced, are connected in pairs, after which the concreting of bottom up, the columns of the formwork panels functioning as the main girder are carried out by the remaining formwork panels only in height according to the progress of the concreting.
- the embodiment is expedient, with the arrangement and fastening of the formwork panels functioning as the main girder being arranged on one side with all the other formwork panels, and the remaining formwork panels between the formwork panels functioning as the main girder on the other side, the concreting in annular zones, or progressing in a spiral and upwards be arranged and fastened accordingly.
- the embodiment is advantageous, with the formwork panels in between being attached to the formwork panels forming the main girders, connections suitable for receiving and transmitting the stresses resulting from the concreting.
- FIG. 1 shows the division according to the invention of the surface to be shuttered of a truncated cone-shaped water tower nest made of reinforced concrete in perspective; 2 shows the division according to the invention of the surface to be shelled of a hyperboloid-shaped water tower likewise in perspective;
- FIG. 3 illustrates a part of the formwork construction necessary for the structure shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 4 shows the section AA from FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 shows part B from FIG. 4 on an enlarged scale;
- 6 shows the front view of a variable-width main girder of the formwork construction according to the invention;
- FIG. 7 shows the view according to arrow C in FIG. 6;
- Fig. 8 shows the view according to the arrow D in Fig. 6;
- FIG. 9 shows a variably wide embodiment of the main beam of the inventive Schalungskon construction in front view
- FIG. 10 shows the view according to the arrow in FIG. 9;
- FIG. 11 shows the view according to the arrow in FIG. 9.
- Fig. 1 The inner and outer surface of the frustoconical water tower nest shown in Fig. 1 are geometrically divided into rows consisting of fields 1, these fields forming 1 right-angled squares - in this case rectangles - and their longitudinal edges la, lb are therefore parallel to one another. These neighboring fields
- Fields 1 collide through their lower ends.
- the fields 1 have the same width.
- Fields 1 can be formed using commercial flat steel formwork panels.
- variable width b are the main girders for the entire formwork construction serving formwork panels.
- the fields 2 end geometrically at the bottom, so they are seen as triangular in the projection.
- the surface division of the hyperboloidal cooling tower in FIG. 2 is similar to that in FIG. 1.
- the fields of width a in the rows consisting of fields 1 are rectangular; their edges 1a, 1b are parallel, but touch here. fields 1 in the middle and both below and above, fields 2 of variable width b arise in surfaces not covered by fields 1.
- the fields 2 are formed by individual formwork panels that serve as the main girder for the entire formwork construction.
- FIG. 3 shows a part of the formwork construction used for formwork of the nest shown in FIG. 1, which is laid out in a plane, while FIGS. 4 and 5 show the characteristic parts of the formwork construction in section.
- the formwork panels used for formwork of the rectangular fields 1 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 are designated by reference number 4 as a whole, and the formwork panels which function as main girders for formwork fields 1 and in the formwork construction are designated by reference number 3.
- the width b of the formwork sheet 3 is variable in the case of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 3-5, but cannot be changed, so it is the same as the formwork sheet 3 shown in FIGS. 6-8.
- the maximum width b 1 of the formwork panel 3 decreases from one end to the other to the minimum width b 2 , ie the formwork panel has an elongated trapezoidal shape.
- the panel formwork 7 of the formwork panel 3, the purpose consists moderately of steel plates, are reinforced by longitudinal ribs 8a and transverse ribs 8b arranged on their longitudinal edges, which together form a lattice structure.
- the load-bearing capacity of the lattice structure is determined in view of the expected concrete pressure.
- the width of the panel in the panel formwork 7 is selected so that it extends on both sides by a few cm beyond the longitudinal ribs 8a, ie the formwork panels 3 have longitudinal edges 7a made of panel on both sides.
- the longitudinal edges of the formwork panel 3 extend under the formwork panel 4, i.e. gaps 13 of width v remain between the longitudinal ribs 8a and the sides of the formwork panels 4 / FIG. 5 /, which enable the possible correction of the inaccuracies resulting from the stakeout.
- the overlapping arrangement of the longitudinal edges 7a completely prevents the concrete flow from the formwork construction.
- the formwork panels 4 also have panel shell 15 which are reinforced by ribs 16, but it can be seen in Figures 4 and 5 that the longitudinal ribs 8a and the transverse ribs 8b make the formwork panel 3 functioning as the main girder a greater height / m 1 / than the height / m 2 / of the ribs 16 of the formwork panels 4, therefore their inertia is also much greater.
- the dimensions of the formwork panels 3 are namely significantly smaller than the dimensions of the formwork panels 4, so their use as the main girder is favorable in all respects.
- the formwork panels 3 lying opposite one another are expediently matched by the longitudinal ribs 8a, for example by means of a known one, which corresponds to the thickness of the wall to be produced the bandage attached to each other.
- Such solutions are generally known in formwork systems with large or steel formwork panels.
- the formwork panels 3 / main girder / can be made from one or more parts depending on the dimensions of the structure to be shuttered.
- the formwork of the water tower nest shown in FIG. 1 is carried out as follows.
- the formwork panels 3, which form the main girders are mounted on both sides of the building in pairs, opposite one another, at the fixed and defined locations, in their full length, i.e. arranged along the full length of the mantle of the nest.
- Formwork panel 3 is fastened to one another by the thickness of the wall, for example in known formwork systems with large or steel formwork panels. Then the arrangement of the commercial steel formwork panels 4 takes place on an outer full surface, for example, in the lower rows in such a way that their longitudinal edges on the longitudinal edges 7a of the panel shell 7 cause the formwork panel 3 lying next to them to have a width v / FIG. 5 /.
- the formwork panels 3, 4 are connected in a manner known per se, expediently by means of a quick coupling, for example by wedges, eccentric hold-down devices so that the formwork panels 4 can transmit the pressure falling on them from the concrete to the formwork panel 3 functioning as the main girder.
- the formwork panels 4 for the not yet switched for example inner surface
- the formwork panels 4 for the not yet switched for example inner surface
- the bottom one is concreted using the above Ring out.
- the fact that the height of the ring corresponds to the height of formwork panels 4 enables a vibrator to be lowered to the necessary depth, ie it guarantees perfect concrete quality.
- the missing formwork panels 4 for the next ring are attached, to which formwork panel 3 functioning as the main girder is attached, after which the second ring calculated from below is also concreted.
- the formwork plaques 4 are arranged on a surface approximately in parallel with the concreting of the building together with the execution of the necessary connections.
- FIGS. 9 to 11 show the exemplary embodiment of a formwork panel of variable width, functioning as the main girder, previously indicated by reference number 3, the width of which is variable. This formwork panel was indicated by reference number 30.
- the panel formwork 7 of the formwork panel 30 consists of two parts, the panels 9, 10, which overlap one another and as a result the maximum width of the formwork panel 30 can be changed between the highest and smallest values c 1 and c 2 ; accordingly, of course, the intermediate values of the width change in the direction of the opposite, narrowing end of the formwork panel 30, and of course the angle of inclination of the longitudinal edge also changes.
- the elongated reinforcement of the plate shell consisting of two parts is carried out by means of longitudinal ribs 8a, a longitudinal rib 8a to the plate 9 and other longitudinal rib 8a are attached to the plate 10.
- the transverse ribs 8b consist of telescopic, arcuate rib parts 11a, 11b, the cross section of the inner space of the rib part 11a being larger than the outer circumferential profile of the rib part 11b, so that the first cannot enclose the second.
- Arc-shaped slots 12 are formed in the overlapping plates 9, 10, which also overlap one another / FIGS. 1 and 9 /.
- Slots 12 can be passed through socket head screws 17 and e.g. by tightening the nuts, the plates 9, 10 can be pressed against each other and this allows the specified width to be set before the start of concreting.
- variable widths according to the invention can be used as the main carrier.
- working formwork panel for formwork of buildings of different / angle of inclination and curved surface can also be used several times.
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Abstract
Le problème de l'invention est résolu en ce qu'elle comprend des plaques de coffrage ainsi que des éléments de liaison servant à relier les plaques de coffrage voisines et opposées. L'essentiel de cette construction de coffrage consiste en la présence de plaques de coffrage ayant une largeur variable et de plaques ayant une largeur constante. Elles se suivent en rangées disposées en alternance. Les plaques de coffrage de largeur variable tiennent lieu - en partie au moins - de longerons de la construction de coffrage. Les plaques de coffrage voisines sont reliées ensemble par des liaisons aptes à recevoir la charge résultant de la pression du béton, respectivement aptes à transmettre ladite charge aux autres plaques de coffrage, lorsqu'elle provient des plaques de coffrage ayant la fonction de longerons. L'essentiel du procédé de mise en oeuvre consiste en ce que l'on dispose comme plaque de coffrage ayant la fonction de longeron, une plaque de largeur variable, et cela en longueur de surface de l'ouvrage à coffrer, de préférence sur toute cette longueur, tout en reliant par paires ces plaques de coffrage situées de part et d'autre de la paroi à établir. Ensuite on effectue le bétonnage de bas en haut en coffrant les interstices entre les plaques ayant la fonction de longeron à l'aide des plaques de coffrage restantes, mais cela seulement à un niveau correspondant à la progression du bétonnage.The problem of the invention is solved in that it comprises formwork plates as well as connecting elements serving to connect the neighboring and opposite formwork plates. The essence of this formwork construction consists in the presence of formwork plates having a variable width and plates having a constant width. They follow each other in rows arranged alternately. The variable-width formwork plates take the place - at least in part - of the beams of the formwork construction. The neighboring formwork plates are connected together by connections capable of receiving the load resulting from the pressure of the concrete, respectively capable of transmitting said load to the other formwork plates, when it comes from the formwork plates having the function of beams. The essence of the method of implementation consists in that one has as formwork plate having the function of spar, a plate of variable width, and that in surface length of the work to be formed, preferably on all this length, while connecting in pairs these formwork plates located on either side of the wall to be established. Then the concreting is carried out from bottom to top by shuttering the interstices between the plates having the function of spar using the remaining shuttering plates, but only at a level corresponding to the progress of the concreting.
Description
VERSCHALUNGSKONSTRUKTION ZUR SCHALUNG VON BAUWERKEN AUS BETON, ODER EISENBETON MIT ROTATIONSFLÄCHE UND/ODER OBERFLÄCHE ZWEITEN RANGES UND/ODER GERAD- LINIENMÄSSIGER OBERFLÄCHE, SOWIE VERFAHREN ZUM BAU UNTER ANWENDUNG DER VERSCHALUNGSKONSTRUKTION SHUTTERING DESIGN FOR SHUTTERING CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTIONS OF CONCRETE, OR IRON CONCRETE WITH ROTATIONAL SURFACE AND / OR SURFACE OF SECOND RANGES AND / OR STRAIGHT-LINE SURFACE, AND METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTION USING THE BOARDING CONSTRUCTION
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verschalungskonstruktion zur Schalung von Bauwerken aus Beton oder Eisenbeton mit Rotationsfläche und/oder Oberfläche zweiten Ranges und/oder geradlinienmäßiger Oberfläche, sowie ein Verfahren zum Bau unter Anwendung der Verschalungskonstruktion.The invention relates to a formwork construction for formwork of buildings made of concrete or reinforced concrete with a rotating surface and / or surface of second rank and / or straight surface, and a method for construction using the formwork construction.
Wie bekannt, entsteht eine Rotationsfläche durch Drehen einer Kurve um eine Achse. Die Oberflächen zweiten Ranges sind diejenigen, deren jeder durch Schnittebene erzeugte Schnitt eine Kurve zweiten Ranges, z.B. ein El lipsoid, ein Hyperboloid mit einem oder zwei Mänteln, elliptisches Paraboloid bildet. Unter den geradlinieπmäßi gen Oberflächen sind wir im Falle der vorliegenden Erfindung solche Oberflächen zu verstehen, die von einfach unendlicher Vielheit einer Gerade gebildet ist. Die die Mantellinie der Oberfläche bildenden Geraden können - nach der relativen Lage der zueinander unendlich nahe liegenden Mantellinien - aus sich schneidenden, oder ausweichenden Geraden bestehen, wobei sich im ersten Falle die Oberfläche abwickeln läßt, aber in dem letzteren Falle erhält man eine Windschiefe-Oberflache.As is known, a surface of revolution is created by turning a curve around an axis. The second-order surfaces are those whose each cut created by the cutting plane is a second-order curve, e.g. an El lipsoid, a hyperboloid with one or two sheaths, forms an elliptical paraboloid. In the case of the present invention, the straight-line surfaces are to be understood as those surfaces which are formed by simply infinite multiplicity of a straight line. The straight lines forming the surface line of the surface can - depending on the relative position of the surface lines which are infinitely close to one another - consist of intersecting or alternating straight lines, the surface being able to be developed in the first case, but in the latter case a skewed surface is obtained .
Die Erfindung kann für Bau von z.B. Wasserturmnesten, Kühltürmen, Faulanlagen zur Schmutzwassererreinigung, Siloeintritten, Satteldachen und ähnlichen angewandt werden.The invention can be used to build e.g. Water tower nesting, cooling towers, digesters for cleaning dirty water, silo entries, gable roofs and the like are used.
Gegenwärtig wird überwiegend die konventionelle Holzschalung zum Bau von monoliten Eisenbetonbauwerken mit oben definierten Oberflächen angewendet. Diese Holzschalung hat auf Schnürboden erzeugte Lehrbogen aus Holz, die durch Bretterverkleidung versehen werden. Mittels dieses traditionellen Zimmerverfahrens können beliebige Oberflächen praktisch ausgestaltet werden. Jedoch ist ein schwerwiegender Nachteil bei dem konventionellen Verfahren der überaus hohe Holzbedarf und bei dem Schnitt der Lehrbogen ergibt sich viel Abfall, die Verschalung ist ziemlich kostspielig. Einen weiteren Nachteil ist es, daß das Verfahren auch einen hohen Bedarf an qualifizierter Arbeitskraft hat.At present, conventional wooden formwork is predominantly used for the construction of monolithic reinforced concrete structures surfaces defined above. This wooden formwork has wooden educational elbows, which are covered with planks. Any surface can be practically designed using this traditional room method. However, a serious disadvantage with the conventional method is the extremely high wood requirement and there is a lot of waste in the cutting of the teaching arches, the formwork is quite expensive. Another disadvantage is that the process also has a high need for skilled labor.
Durch die Verbreitung der kassettierten Schalungssysteme /NOE, HÜNEBECK, PONTEX, usw./ erfolgte auch deren Anwendung zur Schalung der oben definierten Oberflächen. Die bogenförmigen Oberflächen werden polygonal verschalt. Die Gestaltung der Tafeln ist individuell, die zu den Hauptträgern befestigten Dachdeckung ist trapezenförmig, denn nur so kann sie den veränderlichen Querschnitten anpassen. Der Nachteil dieser Schalung liegt darin, daß sie nochmals nur für den Bau eines Bauwerkes mit vollständig gleichen Abmessungen angewendet werden kann, also verändern sich die Abmessungen, so sind neue Tafeln herzustellen. Ein weiterer Nachteil ist es, daß die für einen gegebenen Umfang massbestimmten Tafeln keine Abmessungstoleranz zulassen. Die am Umfang des zu verschalenden Bauwerkes von Rotationsfläche angeordnete Verschlußtafel - infolge der Abmessungsstreuung der Tafeln und der Ungenauigkeit der Absteckung - ist entweder zu klein, wodurch eine Lücke zwischen den Tafeln entsteht, oder zu groß, wodurch sich sie ohne nachträgliche Umgestaltung zwischen den übrigen Tafeln einpaßt. Diese Schalungssysteme ermöglichen weder positive, noch negative Abmessungstoleranzen, die jedoch anhand der Normschriften der BauIndustrie zuläßig sind. Die rechtwinkligen Tafeln /z.B. die Tafeln der sogenannten "Schalung mit Stahltafein"/ eignen sich nur für polygonale Schalung der Zylinderoberflächen.Due to the widespread use of the cased formwork systems / NOE, HÜNEBECK, PONTEX, etc./, they were also used to formwork the surfaces defined above. The curved surfaces are polygonally boarded. The design of the panels is individual, the roof covering attached to the main girders is trapezoidal, because only in this way can they adapt to the changing cross-sections. The disadvantage of this formwork is that it can only be used again for the construction of a building with completely the same dimensions, so if the dimensions change, new panels have to be produced. A further disadvantage is that the panels, which are dimensioned for a given extent, do not allow a dimensional tolerance. The closure panel arranged on the circumference of the structure to be shuttered from the rotating surface - due to the dimensional variation of the panels and the inaccuracy of the layout - is either too small, which creates a gap between the panels, or too large, which means that it can be changed between the other panels without subsequent redesign fits. These formwork systems do not allow for positive or negative dimensional tolerances, which, however, are permissible based on the standards of the construction industry. The right-angled panels / e.g. the panels of the so-called "formwork with steel panel" / are only suitable for polygonal formwork of the cylinder surfaces.
Bekannt ist auch ein solches Schalungssystem z»B, zur Schalung von kegelförmigen oder eiförmigen Behältern, wobei die Schalung durch den Aufeinanderbau der ringförmigen, gemäß der Oberfläche gekrümmten, oder polygonal ausgebildeten, aus Stahltafeln bestehenden und unter entsprechenden Winkel geneigten Reihen durchgeführt wird.Such a formwork system is also known, for example, for formworking conical or egg-shaped containers, the formwork being carried out by assembling the ring-shaped rows which are curved according to the surface or polygonal and made of steel panels and inclined at corresponding angles.
Der Nachteil der Lösung liegt darin, daß die aus Tafeln mit bestimmter Abmessung ausgebildeten Ringe nur für Schalung eines Bauwerkes von gleichem Durchmesser und gleichem Neigungswinkel angewandt werden können, und deswegen kann der Vorteil, die ziemlich mehrmalige Anwendbarkeit der Stahlschalung nicht ausgenutzt werden.The disadvantage of the solution lies in the fact that the rings formed from panels with a certain dimension can only be used for formwork of a building of the same diameter and the same angle of inclination, and therefore the advantage that the steel formwork can be used quite a number of times cannot be exploited.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu, eine Verschalungskonstruktion, sowie ein Verfahren zur Schalung von Bauwerken mit Rotationsfläche, Oberfläche zweiten Ranges und geradlinienmäßiger Oberfläche zu schaffen, wodurch die Schalung schnell, wirtschaftlich durchgeführt werden kann, und die Nachteile der bisherig bekannten Lösungen von ähnlichem Ziel beseitigt sind.The invention has for its object to provide a formwork construction, as well as a method for formwork of structures with a rotating surface, surface of the second rank and straight surface, whereby the formwork can be carried out quickly, economically, and eliminates the disadvantages of the previously known solutions of a similar goal are.
Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrund, daß sich die bogenförmige Oberfläche in Reihen, die aus Feldern von parallelen Seiten besteht, aufteilen läßt, in welchen Reihen sich die Felder durch ein Ende einander berühren oder in unmittelbarer Nähe voneinander und an übrigen Stellen mit zunehmendem Abstand voneinander befinden. Die Felder mit parallelen Seiten lassen sich durch Schalung von beliebiger flacher und rechtwinklig viereckiger Form, z.B. von Stahltafeln verschalen und die zwischen diesen Feldern liegenden Streifen von veränderlicher Breite können durch eine Schalung von eigenartiger Gestaltung verschalt werden. Die Tafeln dieser letzteren Schalung können die Hauptträger der gesamten Schalung bilden, die die Belastung des "Tafelsystemteiles" übertragen und tragen, darüberhinaus infolge ihrer Gestaltung fähig sind, die im Umfang des Bauwerkes sich aus den Ungenauigkeiten ergebende positive und negative Abmessungstoleranz und den Betonverschluß zwischen den Streifen /Strecken/ zu gewähren, denn die Bekleidungsplatten der Hauptträger unter die Tafeln des Schalungsteiles von "Stahltafeln" hineingreifen.The invention is based on the finding that the arcuate surface can be divided into rows, which consist of fields from parallel sides, in which rows the fields touch one another by one end or in the immediate vicinity of one another and in other places with increasing distance from one another are located. The fields with parallel sides can be boarded by formwork of any flat and right-angled square shape, for example steel panels, and the strips of variable width lying between these fields can be boarded by a formwork of strange Design can be boarded up. The panels of this latter formwork can form the main girders of the entire formwork, which transmit and bear the load of the "panel system part", moreover are capable due to their design, the positive and negative dimensional tolerance resulting from the inaccuracies resulting from the inaccuracies and the concrete closure between the Stripes / lines / to grant, because the cladding panels of the main girders reach under the panels of the formwork part of "steel panels".
Anhand dieser Erkenntnis haben wir die gesetzte Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß durch eine Verschalungskonstruktion gelöst, die Schalungsplatten sowie Verbindungselemente zur Verbindung der gegenüber- und nebeneinander liegenden Schalungsplatten hat, deren Wesen darin liegt, daß die Verschalungskonstruktion Schalungsplatten von veränderlicher Breite und Schalungsplatten von ständiger Breite hat, die in den nebeneinander liegenden Reihen abwechselnd nachgeordnet sind, und die Schalungsplatten von veränderlicher Breite - zumindest teilweise — Haupt-träger der Verschalungskonstruktion sind, wobei die nebeneinander liegenden, benachbarten Schalungsplatten durch sich für die Aufnahme der sich aus dem Betondruck ergebenden Beanspruchung, bzw. für die Übertragung der sich aus dem Betondruck ergebenden Beanspruchung von den als Hauptträger funktionierenden Schalungsplatten auf die übrigen Schalungsplatten geeignete Verbindungen miteinander angeschlossen sind.Based on this knowledge, we have achieved the task set according to the invention by a formwork construction, the formwork panels and connecting elements for connecting the opposite and adjacent formwork panels, the essence of which is that the formwork construction has formwork panels of variable width and formwork panels of constant width, which in the rows lying next to each other are alternately arranged, and the formwork panels of variable width - at least partially - are the main girders of the formwork construction, the adjacent formwork panels lying next to each other by themselves for absorbing the stress resulting from the concrete pressure or for transmission the resulting stress from the concrete pressure from the formwork panels functioning as the main girder to the other formwork panels suitable connections are connected.
Zweckmäßig ist die Ausführungsform, wobei die Schalungsplatten von veränderlicher Breite eine Form vom Dreieck, oder länglichen Trapez haben.The embodiment is expedient, the formwork panels of variable width having a triangular or elongated trapezoid shape.
Vorteilhaft ist die Ausführungsform, wobei die Breite der als Hauptträger funktionierenden Schalungsplatten so gewählt ist, daß sich die Längskaten der in dem Einbauzustand Hauptträger bildenden Schalungsplatten unter den benachbarten Schalungsplatten, also mit Überlappung befinden.The embodiment is advantageous, the width of the formwork panels functioning as the main girder being selected so that the longitudinal catenary of the Installation condition Formwork panels forming the main girder are located under the adjacent formwork panels, i.e. with an overlap.
Möglich ist die Ausführungsform, wobei die Plattenschale der Hauptträger bildenden Schalungsplatten von veränderlicher Breite durch an Längskanten liegende, zweckmäßig aus geschlossenem Profil ausgebildete Längsrippen, sowie Querrippen verstärkt sind.The embodiment is possible, in which the plate shell of the formwork panels of variable width forming the main girders are reinforced by longitudinal ribs lying on longitudinal edges and advantageously formed from a closed profile, as well as transverse ribs.
Zweckmäßig ist die Ausführungsform, wobei die Längsrippen der im Einbauzustand Hauptträger bildenden Schalungsplatten von den seitlichen Oberflächen der deren benachbarten Schalungsplatten mit einem Abstand angeordnet sind.The embodiment is expedient, the longitudinal ribs of the formwork panels which form the main carrier in the installed state being arranged at a distance from the lateral surfaces of their adjacent formwork panels.
Vorteilhaft ist die Ausführungsform, wobei die Höhe der Längs- und/oder Querrippen der als Hauptträger funktionierenden Schalungsplatten grösser, als die Höhe der übrigen Schalungsplatten ist.The embodiment is advantageous, the height of the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs of the formwork panels functioning as the main girder being greater than the height of the other formwork panels.
Möglich ist die Ausführungsform, wobei die als Hauptträger funktionierenden Schalungsplatten , oder zuwenigst deren ein Teil eine veränderliche Breite aufweist.The embodiment is possible, wherein the formwork panels functioning as the main girder, or at least part of which has a variable width.
Zweckmäßig ist die Ausführungsform, wobei die Plattenschale der als Hauptträger funktionierenden Schalungs-platten von übereinander verschiebbaren, einander überlappenden Platten gebildet istj die Platten durch Längsrippen und Querrippen verstärkt sind; die Querrippen weisen eine teleskopische Gestaltung so auf, daß der innere Querschnitt des zu der einen Platte befestigten hohlen Rippenteiles grösser, als der äussere Querschnitt des zu der anderen Platte befestigten Rippenteiles ist, wobei die Rippenteile bogenförmig und ineinander verschiebbar sind, und in den einander überlappenden Platten miteinander in gleicher Linie liegende bogenförmige Schlitze ausgebildet sind, wodurch mittels darin gelegten Verbindungselementen, z.B. Schaftungsschrauben und Muttern die aufeinander lie genden Platten lösbar miteinander verbunden sind.The embodiment is expedient, the plate shell of the formwork plates functioning as the main support being formed by slidable, overlapping plates j the plates are reinforced by longitudinal ribs and transverse ribs; the transverse ribs have a telescopic design such that the inner cross section of the hollow rib part fastened to the one plate is larger than the outer cross section of the rib part fastened to the other plate, the rib parts being arched and displaceable into one another and in the overlapping ones Plates are formed in the same line arcuate slots, which means that the connecting elements, for example shaft screws and nuts, which lie one on top of the other plates are releasably connected to each other.
Das Wesen des durch die Erfindung betroffenen Verfahrens liegt darin, daß als Hauptträger funktionierende Schalungsplatten von veränderlicher Breite zweckmäßig in volle Länge der Oberfläche des zu verschalenden Bauwerkes angeordnet werden, und diese, beidseitig der herzustellenden Wand angeordneten Schalungsplatten paarweise miteinander verbunden werden, nachher die Betonierung von unten nach oben, die Spalten der als Hauptträger funktionierenden Schalungsplatten durch die übrigen Schalungsplatten nur in Höhe entsprechend der Fortschritt der Betonierung verschalt durchgeführt wird.The essence of the method affected by the invention is that functional formwork panels of variable width are expediently arranged over the full length of the surface of the structure to be formworked, and these, formwork panels arranged on both sides of the wall to be produced, are connected in pairs, after which the concreting of bottom up, the columns of the formwork panels functioning as the main girder are carried out by the remaining formwork panels only in height according to the progress of the concreting.
Zweckmäßig ist die Ausführungsweise, wobei der Anordnung und Befestigung der als Hauptträger funktionierenden Schalungsplatten an eine Seite alle übrigen Schalungsplatten angeordnet werden, und die übrigen Schalungsplatten zwischen den als Haupträger funktionierenden Schalungsplatten an der anderen Seite die Betonierung in ringförmigen Zonen, oder spiralförmig nach oben fortschreitend und dementsprechend angeordnet und befestigt werden. Vorteilhaft ist die Ausführungsweise, wobei zu den Hauptträger bildenden Schalungsplatten die dazwischen liegenden Schalungsplatten άirch sich für die Aufnahme und die Übertragung der sich aus der Betonierung ergebenden Beanspruchungen geeignete Anschlüsse befestigt werden Die Erfindung wird zunächst in Figuren der beigefügten Zeichnungen eingehend dargelegt, die die Verschalungskonstruktion zur Schalung verschiedener Bauwerke zusammengebaut darstellen, sowie die Bauelemente und einige Konstruktionsteile der Verschalungskonstruktion enthalten. In den ZeichnungenThe embodiment is expedient, with the arrangement and fastening of the formwork panels functioning as the main girder being arranged on one side with all the other formwork panels, and the remaining formwork panels between the formwork panels functioning as the main girder on the other side, the concreting in annular zones, or progressing in a spiral and upwards be arranged and fastened accordingly. The embodiment is advantageous, with the formwork panels in between being attached to the formwork panels forming the main girders, connections suitable for receiving and transmitting the stresses resulting from the concreting. The invention is first set out in detail in the figures in the accompanying drawings, which form the formwork construction Display formwork of different structures assembled, as well as the components and some construction parts of the formwork construction. In the drawings
Fig. 1 stellt die erfindungsgemäße Einteilung der zu schalenden Oberfläche eines kegelstumpförmigen Wasserturmnestes aus Eisenbeton perspektivisch dar; Fig. 2 legt die erfindungsgemäße Einteilung der zu schalen den Oberfläche eines hyperboloidförmigen Wasser- turmes ebenfalls perspektivisch dar; Fig. 3 veranschaulicht einen in der Ebene ausgelegten Teil der zum in Fig. 1 dargelegten Bauwerk notwendigen Verschalungskonstruktion; Fig. 4 stellt den Schnitt A-A aus der Fig. 3 dar; Fig. 5 legt den Teil B aus der Fig. 4 vergrössert dar; Fig. 6 stellt die Vordersicht eines veränderlich breiten Hauptträgers der erfindungsgemäßen Verschalungskonstruktion dar; Fig. 7 stellt die Sicht gemäß des in Fig. 6 befindlichen Pfeiles C dar; Fig. 8 stellt die Sicht gemäß des in Fig. 6 befindlichen Pfeiles D dar;Fig. 1 shows the division according to the invention of the surface to be shuttered of a truncated cone-shaped water tower nest made of reinforced concrete in perspective; 2 shows the division according to the invention of the surface to be shelled of a hyperboloid-shaped water tower likewise in perspective; FIG. 3 illustrates a part of the formwork construction necessary for the structure shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 4 shows the section AA from FIG. 3; FIG. 5 shows part B from FIG. 4 on an enlarged scale; 6 shows the front view of a variable-width main girder of the formwork construction according to the invention; FIG. 7 shows the view according to arrow C in FIG. 6; Fig. 8 shows the view according to the arrow D in Fig. 6;
Fig. 9 stellt eine veränderlich breite Ausführungsform des Hauptträgers der erfindungsgemäßen Verschalungskon struktion in Vordersicht dar; Fig. 10 stellt die Sicht gemäß des in Fig. 9 befindlichen Pfeiles dar;Fig. 9 shows a variably wide embodiment of the main beam of the inventive Schalungskon construction in front view; FIG. 10 shows the view according to the arrow in FIG. 9;
Fig. 11 stellt die Sicht gemäß des in Fig. 9 befindliche Pfeiles dar.FIG. 11 shows the view according to the arrow in FIG. 9.
Die innere und äussere Oberfläche des in Fig. 1 dargestellten kegelstumpfförmigen Wasserturmnestes werden in aus Feldern 1 bestehende Reihen geometrisch eingeteilt, wobei diese Felder 1 rechtwinklige Vierecke - in diesem Falle Rechtecke - bilden und ihre Längskanten la, lb also miteinander parallel sind. Diese benachbarten FelderThe inner and outer surface of the frustoconical water tower nest shown in Fig. 1 are geometrically divided into rows consisting of fields 1, these fields forming 1 right-angled squares - in this case rectangles - and their longitudinal edges la, lb are therefore parallel to one another. These neighboring fields
1 stossen durch ihre unteren Enden zusammen. Die Felder 1 haben gleiche Breite. Die Felder 1 können durch kommerzielle flache Stahlschalungsplatten geschalt werden.1 collide through their lower ends. The fields 1 have the same width. Fields 1 can be formed using commercial flat steel formwork panels.
Die durch Felder 1 nicht bedeckten, d.h. FelderThe areas not covered by fields 1, i.e. Fields
2 mit veränderlicher Breite b werden durch individuelle, für die gesamte Verschalungskonstruktion als Hauptträger dienende Schalungsplatten geschalt. Die Felder 2 enden sich unten geometrisch im Punkt, also sind dreieckförmig in der Projektion gesehen.2 with variable width b are the main girders for the entire formwork construction serving formwork panels. The fields 2 end geometrically at the bottom, so they are seen as triangular in the projection.
Die Oberflächeneinteilung des in Fig. 2 darge stellen hyperboloidmäßigen Kühlturmes erfolgt ähnlich, wie in Fig. lt die Felder von einer Breite a in den aus Feldern 1 bestehenden Reihen sind rechteckförmig; ihre Kanten 1a, 1b sind parallel, aber hier berühren. sich die Felder 1 in der Mitte und sowohl unten, als auch oben entstehen die Felder 2 von veränderlicher Breite b in von den Feldern 1 nicht bedeckten Oberflächen. Auch in diesem Falle werden die Felder 2 durch individuelle, für die gesamt Verschalungskonstruktion als Hauptträger dienende Schalungsplatten geschalt. In Fig. 3 ist ein in Ebene ausgelegter Teil der zur Schalung des in Fig. 1 dargelegten Nestes dienenden Verschalungskonstruktion in Sicht dargestellt, während in den Figuren 4 und 5 werden die kennzeichnenden Teile der Verschalungskonstruktion im Schnitt dargestellt. Die zur Schalung der in Figuren 1 und 2 veranschaulichten, rechteckigen Felder 1 angewandten Sσhalungsplatten sind im ganzen durch die Bezugsnummer 4, und die zur Schalung der Felder 1 und in der Verschalungskonstruktion als Hauptträger funktionierenden Schalungsplatten durch die Bezugsnummer 3 bezeichnet.The surface division of the hyperboloidal cooling tower in FIG. 2 is similar to that in FIG. 1. The fields of width a in the rows consisting of fields 1 are rectangular; their edges 1a, 1b are parallel, but touch here. fields 1 in the middle and both below and above, fields 2 of variable width b arise in surfaces not covered by fields 1. In this case too, the fields 2 are formed by individual formwork panels that serve as the main girder for the entire formwork construction. FIG. 3 shows a part of the formwork construction used for formwork of the nest shown in FIG. 1, which is laid out in a plane, while FIGS. 4 and 5 show the characteristic parts of the formwork construction in section. The formwork panels used for formwork of the rectangular fields 1 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 are designated by reference number 4 as a whole, and the formwork panels which function as main girders for formwork fields 1 and in the formwork construction are designated by reference number 3.
Die Breite b der Schalungsplatte 3 ist veränderlich im Falle des in Figuren 3-5 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles, aber nicht veränderbar, also ist mit der in Figuren 6-8 angegebenen SchalungsplATTe 3 gleich. Wie es aus den Figuren 6-8 ersichtlich ist, setzt sich die maximale Breite b1 der Schalungsplatte 3 von einem Ende bis zum anderen auf die minimale Breite b2 herab, d.h. die Schalungsplatte weist eine längliche Trapezform auf. Die Platteneinschalung 7 der Schalungsplatte 3, die zweck mäßig aus Stahlplatten besteht, sind durch an ihren längskanten angeordnete Längsrippen 8a und Querrippen 8b verstärkt, die miteinander eine Gitterkonstruktion bilden. Die Festsetzung der Tragfähigkeit der Gitter konstruktion erfolgt in Anbetracht des zu erwartenden Betondruckes. Die Breite der Platte in der Platteneinschalung 7 ist so gewählt, daß sie beidseitig um einige cm über die Längsrippen 8a hinausreicht, d.h. die Schalungsplatten 3 beidseitig Längskanten 7a aus Platte haben.The width b of the formwork sheet 3 is variable in the case of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 3-5, but cannot be changed, so it is the same as the formwork sheet 3 shown in FIGS. 6-8. As can be seen from FIGS. 6-8, the maximum width b 1 of the formwork panel 3 decreases from one end to the other to the minimum width b 2 , ie the formwork panel has an elongated trapezoidal shape. The panel formwork 7 of the formwork panel 3, the purpose consists moderately of steel plates, are reinforced by longitudinal ribs 8a and transverse ribs 8b arranged on their longitudinal edges, which together form a lattice structure. The load-bearing capacity of the lattice structure is determined in view of the expected concrete pressure. The width of the panel in the panel formwork 7 is selected so that it extends on both sides by a few cm beyond the longitudinal ribs 8a, ie the formwork panels 3 have longitudinal edges 7a made of panel on both sides.
Zurückkommend auf die Figuren 3 bis 5, ist es diesen wohl ersichtlich, daß sich die Längskanten der Schalungsplatte 3 unter Schalungsplatte 4 hineinreichen, also Lücken 13 von Breite v zwischen den Längs rippen 8a und den Seiten der Schalungsplatten 4 zurückbleiben /Fig. 5/, die die eventuelle Korrektion der sich auch der Absteckung ergebenen Ungenauigkeiten ermöglichen. Die sich überlappende Anordnung der Längskanten 7a verhindert den Betonfluß aus der Verschalungskonstruktion vollständig.Returning to FIGS. 3 to 5, it can be clearly seen that the longitudinal edges of the formwork panel 3 extend under the formwork panel 4, i.e. gaps 13 of width v remain between the longitudinal ribs 8a and the sides of the formwork panels 4 / FIG. 5 /, which enable the possible correction of the inaccuracies resulting from the stakeout. The overlapping arrangement of the longitudinal edges 7a completely prevents the concrete flow from the formwork construction.
Es sei bemerkt, daß die Schalungsplatten 4 auch Plattenschale 15 haben, die durch Rippen 16 verstärkt sind, aber in Figuren 4 und 5 ist es wohl ersichtlich, daß die Längsrippen 8a und die Querrippen 8b die als Hauptträger funktionierenden Schalungsplatte 3 eine grössere Höhe /m1/ als die Höhe /m2/ der Rippen 16 der Schalungsplatten 4 besitzen, daher ist ihr Trägheit auch viel grösser. Die Abmessungen der Schalungsplatten 3 sind nämlich wesentlich kleiner, als die Abmessungen der Schalungsplatten 4, also ihre Benutzung als Hauptträger ist in allen Hinsichten günstig. Die gegenübereinander liegenden Schalungsplatten 3 werden zweckmäßig durch die Längsrippen 8a z.B. mittels eines an sich bekannten, die Dicke der herzustellenden Mauer entsprechen den Umbindens zueinander befestigt. Solche Lösungen sind in den Schalungssystemen mit Groß- oder Stahlschalungsplatten im allgemein bekannt.It should be noted that the formwork panels 4 also have panel shell 15 which are reinforced by ribs 16, but it can be seen in Figures 4 and 5 that the longitudinal ribs 8a and the transverse ribs 8b make the formwork panel 3 functioning as the main girder a greater height / m 1 / than the height / m 2 / of the ribs 16 of the formwork panels 4, therefore their inertia is also much greater. The dimensions of the formwork panels 3 are namely significantly smaller than the dimensions of the formwork panels 4, so their use as the main girder is favorable in all respects. The formwork panels 3 lying opposite one another are expediently matched by the longitudinal ribs 8a, for example by means of a known one, which corresponds to the thickness of the wall to be produced the bandage attached to each other. Such solutions are generally known in formwork systems with large or steel formwork panels.
Die Schalungsplatten 3 /Hauptträger/ können aus einem oder mehreren Teilen jeweils in Abhängigkeit der Abmessungen des zu schalenden Bauwerkes hergestellt werden.The formwork panels 3 / main girder / can be made from one or more parts depending on the dimensions of the structure to be shuttered.
Mittels der in Figuren 3 bis 5 dargestellten Verschalungskonstruktion wird die Schalung des in Fig. 1 dargestellten Wasserturmnestes, wie folgt, durchgeführt. Als erster Schrittwerden die Hauptträger bildenden Schalungsplatten 3 beidseitig am Bauwerk paarweise, gegenübereinander, an die festgesetzten und abgesteckten Stellen, in ihrer vollen Iä.nge, d.h. in der vollen Länge des Mantels des Nestes angeordnet. DieUsing the formwork construction shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the formwork of the water tower nest shown in FIG. 1 is carried out as follows. As a first step, the formwork panels 3, which form the main girders, are mounted on both sides of the building in pairs, opposite one another, at the fixed and defined locations, in their full length, i.e. arranged along the full length of the mantle of the nest. The
Schalungsplatte 3 werden durch der Dicke der Mauer entsprechendes, z.B. in Schalungssystemen mit Groß- oder Stahlschalungsplatten bekanntes Umbinden zueinander befestigt. Danach erfolgt die Anordnung der kommerziellen Stahlschalungsplatten 4 auf einer z.B. äusseren vollen Oberfläche in unteren Reihen auf die Weise, daß sie durch ihre Längskanten an den Längskanten 7a der Plattenschale 7 die neben ihnen liegenden Schalungsplatte 3 von Breite v anliegen/Fig. 5/. Die Schalungsplatten 3, 4 werden auf an sich bekannte Weise, zweckmäßig mittels Schnellkupplung, z.B. durch Keile, exzentrische Niederhalter miteinander so verbunden, daß die Schalungsplatten 4 die aus dem Beton auf sie fallenden Druck auf die als Hauptträger funktionierenden Schalungsplatte 3 übertra gen können. In dem nächsten Schritt - gegebenenfalls nach der Anordnung der Eisenarmierung - legt man die Schalungsplatten 4 für die noch nicht geschalte, z.B. innere Oberfläche in der untersten Reihe ein, bald betoniert man den anhand der obigen geschalten, untersten Ring aus. Die Tatsache, daß die Höhe des Ringes der Höhe von Schalungsplatten 4 entspricht, ermöglicht das Hinunterlassen eines Rüttelgerätes in die notwendige Tiefe, d.h. gewährt eine einwandfreie Betonqualität. Nach der Ausbetonierung des untersten Ringes werden die fehlenden Schalungsplatten 4 für den nächsten Ring angesetzt, zu die als Hauptträger funktionierenden Schalungsplatte 3 befestigt, nachher wird auch der von unten gerechnet zweite Ring ausbetoniert. Die Schalungsplaifcen 4 werden an einer Oberfläche etwa parallel mit der Ausbetonierung des Bauwerkes zusammen mit der Ausführung der notwendigen Verbindungen angeordnet. Die Operationen werden solange wiederholt, bis das Bauwerk in seiner vollen Höhe nicht ausbetoniert wurde. Die Mauerteile aus Eisenbeton können sich zueinander binden, so daß das Bauwerk ohne zusätzlichen Eingriff perfekt wasserdicht wird. Die Abrüstung erfolgt in der Schalung entgegengesetzter Reihenfolge. In den Figuren 9 bis 11 ist das Ausführungsbeispiel eines veränderlich breiten, als Hauptträger funk tionierenden, vorher durch die Bezugsnummer 3 angedeuteten Schalungsplatte ersichtlich, deren Breite veränderlich ist. Diese Schalung splatte wurde durch die Bezugsnummer 30 angedeutet.Formwork panel 3 is fastened to one another by the thickness of the wall, for example in known formwork systems with large or steel formwork panels. Then the arrangement of the commercial steel formwork panels 4 takes place on an outer full surface, for example, in the lower rows in such a way that their longitudinal edges on the longitudinal edges 7a of the panel shell 7 cause the formwork panel 3 lying next to them to have a width v / FIG. 5 /. The formwork panels 3, 4 are connected in a manner known per se, expediently by means of a quick coupling, for example by wedges, eccentric hold-down devices so that the formwork panels 4 can transmit the pressure falling on them from the concrete to the formwork panel 3 functioning as the main girder. In the next step - possibly after the arrangement of the iron reinforcement - the formwork panels 4 for the not yet switched, for example inner surface, are placed in the bottom row, soon the bottom one is concreted using the above Ring out. The fact that the height of the ring corresponds to the height of formwork panels 4 enables a vibrator to be lowered to the necessary depth, ie it guarantees perfect concrete quality. After the bottom ring has been concreted, the missing formwork panels 4 for the next ring are attached, to which formwork panel 3 functioning as the main girder is attached, after which the second ring calculated from below is also concreted. The formwork plaques 4 are arranged on a surface approximately in parallel with the concreting of the building together with the execution of the necessary connections. The operations are repeated until the full height of the structure has not been concreted. The reinforced concrete wall parts can bind to each other, so that the building is perfectly watertight without additional intervention. The disassembly takes place in the form of the opposite order. FIGS. 9 to 11 show the exemplary embodiment of a formwork panel of variable width, functioning as the main girder, previously indicated by reference number 3, the width of which is variable. This formwork panel was indicated by reference number 30.
In diesem Falle besteht die Platteneinschalung 7 der Schalungsplatte 30 aus zwei Teilen, den Platten 9, 10, die einander überlappen und dadurch kann die maximale Breite der Schalungsplatte 30 zwischen den höchsten und kleinsten Werten c1 und c2 verändert werden; dementsprechend verändern sich natürlich die dazwischen liegenden Werte der Breite in Richtung des gegenüberliegenden, sich verschmälernden Ende der Schalungsplatte 30, sowie verändert sich natürlich auch der Neigungswinkel der Längskante. Die längliche Verstärkung der aus zwei Teilen bestehenden Plattenschale erfolgt mittels Längsrippen 8a, wobei eine Längsrippe 8a zu der Platte 9 und die andere Längsrippe 8a zu der Platte 10 befestigt sind. Die Querrippen 8b bestehen aus teleskopisch ineinander schiebbaren, bogenförmigen Rippenteilen 11a, 11b, wobei der Querschnitt des inneren Raumes des Rippenteiles 11a grösser als deräussere Umfangsprofil des Rippenteiles 11b ist, so daß der erste den zweiten nicht einfassen kann.In this case, the panel formwork 7 of the formwork panel 30 consists of two parts, the panels 9, 10, which overlap one another and as a result the maximum width of the formwork panel 30 can be changed between the highest and smallest values c 1 and c 2 ; accordingly, of course, the intermediate values of the width change in the direction of the opposite, narrowing end of the formwork panel 30, and of course the angle of inclination of the longitudinal edge also changes. The elongated reinforcement of the plate shell consisting of two parts is carried out by means of longitudinal ribs 8a, a longitudinal rib 8a to the plate 9 and other longitudinal rib 8a are attached to the plate 10. The transverse ribs 8b consist of telescopic, arcuate rib parts 11a, 11b, the cross section of the inner space of the rib part 11a being larger than the outer circumferential profile of the rib part 11b, so that the first cannot enclose the second.
In den einander überlappenden Platten 9, 10 sind bogenförmige Schlitze 12 ausgebildet, die ebenfalls einander überlappen /Figuren 1 und 9/. Durch dieseArc-shaped slots 12 are formed in the overlapping plates 9, 10, which also overlap one another / FIGS. 1 and 9 /. Through this
Schlitze 12 können Schaftschrauben 17 geführt werden und z.B. durch Anzug der Muttern können die Platten 9, 10 aneinander gedrückt werden und dadurch läßt sich die festgelegte Breite noch vor Beginn der Ausbetonierung festsetzen.Slots 12 can be passed through socket head screws 17 and e.g. by tightening the nuts, the plates 9, 10 can be pressed against each other and this allows the specified width to be set before the start of concreting.
Die sich mit der Erfindung anschliessenden vorteilhaften Wirkungen sind folgenden:The advantageous effects following with the invention are as follows:
70-80 % der Oberfläche des Bauwerkes eingangs genannter Art aus Eisenbeton kann durch kommerzielle flaehe Stahlschalungsplatten geschalt werden und nach Fertigbau des Bauwerkes können die Schalungsplatten ohne irgendeine Änderung zur Schalung angewendet werden. Individuelle Schalungsplatten sind ausgeschlossen nur zu veränderlich breiten Oberflächen notwendig, die 20-30 % von der gesamten zu schalenden Oberfläche ausmachen, gegenüber den früheren Lösungen, wobei die Schalung 100 % mittels individuellen, also anderswo schon nicht mehr anwendbaren Schalungen erfolgte. Gleichzeitig können die erfindungsgemäßen veränderlich breiten als Hauptträger. funktionierenden Schalungsplatte zur Schalung von Bauwerken von unterschiedlich/Neigungswinkel und bogenförmiger Oberfläche auch mehrmals benutzt werden.70-80% of the surface of the structure of the type mentioned above made of reinforced concrete can be shuttered using commercial flat steel formwork panels and once the structure has been completed, the shuttering panels can be used for the shuttering without any change. Individual formwork panels are excluded only necessary for surfaces of variable width, which make up 20-30% of the total surface to be formwork, compared to the previous solutions, whereby the formwork was 100% made using individual formwork, which is no longer applicable elsewhere. At the same time, the variable widths according to the invention can be used as the main carrier. working formwork panel for formwork of buildings of different / angle of inclination and curved surface can also be used several times.
Daraus erfolgend, daß im Sinne der Erfindung die veränderlich breiten, als Hauptträger funktionieren den Schalungsplatten in dem ersten Schritt angesetzt werden, wird die SchaLungsebene perfekt eindeutig bestimmt, wodurch sich die kommerziellen Schalungsplatten schnell und massgenau anordnen lassen und sich die Schalung und der Betonierungstechnologie der Betonierungsschicht gut anpaßt. Dank ihrer schnellen Zusammenbauarbeit können wir den Betonierungsschritt mit der Schalung unmittelbar folgen.It follows that in the sense of the invention, the variably wide, function as the main carrier the shuttering panels are recognized in the first step, the Sch a Lung plane is perfectly clearly determined, which can be the commercial form panels fast and dimensionally accurate and arrange the formwork and the Betonierungstechnologie adapts well to the Betonierungsschicht. Thanks to their quick assembly work, we can immediately follow the concreting step with the formwork.
Die Erfindung beschränkt sich auf die oben genannten Ausführungsbeispiele, bzw. Ausführungsweisen natürlich nicht, sondern sie kann auf andere Art und Weise binnen des Schutzumfanges, der in den Patentansprüchen formuliert ist, verwirklicht werden. The invention is of course not limited to the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments or embodiments, but it can be implemented in other ways within the scope of protection that is formulated in the patent claims.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HU538/82820223 | 1982-02-23 | ||
| HU53882A HU183830B (en) | 1982-02-23 | 1982-02-23 | Sheeting device for sheeting monolithic concrete or reinforced concrete engineering structures of surface of revolution and/or surface of second-order and/or surface of straight line as well as construction method by using of sheeting device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1983002974A1 true WO1983002974A1 (en) | 1983-09-01 |
Family
ID=10950060
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/HU1983/000010 Ceased WO1983002974A1 (en) | 1982-02-23 | 1983-02-22 | Formwork construction for concrete or reinforced concrete structures having the shape of a rotation and/or second degree surface and/or an adjusted surface and method for implementing such construction |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (2) | DE3328003C1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU183830B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1983002974A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4673159A (en) * | 1984-10-18 | 1987-06-16 | Hancock Concrete Products Co., Inc. | Molding forms for making precast portal assembly sections for culverts |
| CN104956016A (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2015-09-30 | 英格思德项目研究发展有限公司 | System and method for the construction of concrete towers and resulting concrete tower |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT223365B (en) * | 1958-09-17 | 1962-09-10 | Acrow Wolff Ges Mit Beschraenk | Formwork element |
| AT233810B (en) * | 1962-07-04 | 1964-05-25 | Acrow Wolff Gmbh | Formwork unit with elastic formwork panels |
-
1982
- 1982-02-23 HU HU53882A patent/HU183830B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1983
- 1983-02-22 DE DE19833328003 patent/DE3328003C1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-02-22 DE DE19833328003 patent/DE3328003D2/en not_active Expired
- 1983-02-22 WO PCT/HU1983/000010 patent/WO1983002974A1/en not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| T. Dinesku u.a: "Skoljsjatschaja opalubka", 1975, Stroisdat (Moscow), pages 413,425 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4673159A (en) * | 1984-10-18 | 1987-06-16 | Hancock Concrete Products Co., Inc. | Molding forms for making precast portal assembly sections for culverts |
| CN104956016A (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2015-09-30 | 英格思德项目研究发展有限公司 | System and method for the construction of concrete towers and resulting concrete tower |
| US9487966B2 (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2016-11-08 | Ingecid, Investigación Y Desarrollo De Proyectos, S.L. | System and method for the construction of concrete towers and resulting concrete tower |
| AU2014213850B2 (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2017-08-10 | INGECID, Investigacion y Desarrollo de Proyectos, S.L. | System and method for the construction of concrete towers and resulting concrete tower |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3328003D2 (en) | 1984-05-30 |
| HU183830B (en) | 1984-06-28 |
| DE3328003C1 (en) | 1988-04-14 |
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