WO1980000452A1

WO1980000452A1 - Non-polluting detergent composition containing soap and sucrose esters

Info

Publication number: WO1980000452A1
Application number: PCT/BR1979/000008
Authority: WO
Inventors: C Milen
Original assignee: QUIMICA MILEN SA
Current assignee: QUIMICA MILEN SA
Priority date: 1978-08-30
Filing date: 1979-08-30
Publication date: 1980-03-20
Anticipated expiration: 1981-02-28
Also published as: BR7805654A; EP0018407A4; EP0018407A1

Abstract

Improved Composition for non-pollutant detergents, completely biodegradable, both in anaerobic and aerobic conditions, with the absence in its formula of phosphated compounds, which cause great harm to the ecology. The present detergent composition, harmless to man and the nature is constituted by: (A) sucrose ester, a non-ionic surfactant, completely biodegradable, obtained by the transesterification of methylic ester with sucrose, thus without the utilization of whatever petrochemical product; (B) soap, a fatty acid salt completely biodegradable; and (C) saccharide, also completely harmless to man and the nature.

Description

NON-POLLUTINGDETERGENTCOMPOSITIONCONTAININGSOAP ANDSUCROSEESTERS

Technical Field:

Present invention refers to non-pollutant deter¬ gent compositions, that is to say, that do not cause damage to the human being nor their environment. The invention concerns a household detergent composition to be used in clothes; kitchen ware; domestic utensils; walls; and also in the industrial usage, as in machine cleaning, apparatus, devices, tools and working pieces; and still more in the human body and animals hygiene. Background Art

Present household cleansers until now known in the world have as an active agent based on petrochemicals that appeared in 1950 decade to replace the millenarian sodium soap.

Such cleansers gained fastly consumer's prefer¬ ence due to the easiliness they afforded in the cleansing operations in the clothes washing machines and in the kitchen ware washing machines. Even when washing clothes in ponds, as well as in the floors, sinks, surfaces and other washings, the practical way of using the cleanser became simple and easy, to the opposite to the more dif¬ ficult handling of bar soaps.

Another advantage offered by the synthetic deter- gent is that in the washing operations with the natural bar soap, this cause harmful to the user's hands, especially if the washing time is long, and long therefore, is the time of contact of the hands with the soap.

Also the cleansing performance of synthetic

-£TJRE »

OMPI cleansers based on petroleum showed to be much superior than to the coinmon soaps in specific conditions of waters such as washing with hard waters and at low temperatures. However, some years after the appearing and use of synthetic cleansers based on petroleum derivatives, it was found that they are great water-pollutant agents, because they are not biodegradable in anaerobic conditions and consequently they began originating much harmful prob¬ lems to the mankind and their nature. Such cleansers firstly were prepared with the active agent alkylbenzene sulfonate ABS called "hard", because they are difficult to degrade in the nature; their biodegradation rate doesn't overpass from 45 to 50%. Thus being not biodegradable, these ABS-based cleansers not only originate severe harm to the inland aquatic life but also in its surface, as the generate high layers of foam which reduce navigation visi¬ bility on the waters of rivers and big lakes, thus coming their condemnation from the part of the community; further such detergents based on ABS, by the fact that they do not degrade under aerobiosis conditions, when are thrown down in rivers, their foams penetrate through streets and squar brought by the force of winds.

Such phenomena are very known in Brazil and in many European cities bathed by Reno, Senne and other river Such foams bear particular perniciousness to the human being. They cause respiratory, skin, illnesses, conjuncti vitis and others else, beside the fact that they render th life of their inhabitants intolerable by the fetid odour they spread during the days course, causing also problems to the rivers fauna.

In reason of so serious inconveniences that the primitive detergents based on ABS afforded, the technicall and economically developed countries began working, after some years, to discover a substitutive to the ABS. However quite a few was got in this sense. After years of several researches they got only an improvement of the chemical chain of the product, from what resulted the present Linea

O Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) said "biodegradable" but real¬ ly it may not be considered as such, since its biodegrada- tion rates don't overpass from 75 to 90% at aerobic condi¬ tions, and at anaerobiosis its degradability is quite small. Therefore, under the point of view of protection of nature not even the LAS detergents got to avoid the severe damages caused to the mankind, provoking in addition the annihila¬ tion of fishes in large scale due to the high toxicity of the product, preventing totally the shoal ovulation process. Also the household detergents based on petroleum have technically been conceived to "mount" the active agent (ABS or LAS) on a builder predominantly composed of sodium phosphates and poliphosphates. The main function of these phosphates in the compositions is due to their sequestering ability. Without them such synthetic detergents haven't efficiency in the washings where the water is of high rate of hardness. However, as is known by everyone, all these phosphates in the detergent compositions also cause great damages to the river and lake waters of our planet. Truly, in some circumstances, phosphates in dete gent compositions are much more harmful to the nature than even the petrochemical active agent, since such phosphates, as fertilizers that they are, nourish and grow the algae and by the process of eutrophication of river and lake wa- ters they annihilate totally the lives of aquatic fauna and flora.

It has not been possible until now to eliminate or find an ideal substitutive for the phosphates in these cleansers compositions. Such problem has been a real chal- lenge to the scientists of our era, because beside the huge damages that the petroleum based active agent - ABS or LAS- already cause to the nature, the sodium phosphate contrib¬ utes to the definitive condemnation of present synthetic detergents, for its high perniciousness to the mankind. All research centers in the world continue work¬ ing to find new builders for the cleansers, which have to be really efficient, available, economically feasible and without contraindications. Unhappily nothing satisfactory

^U REΛ

OtøPI in this sense has been found by the sciense until this moment. The majority of products tried until now presente many negative items such as: they are highly alcaline (sodium carbonate, sodium meta-silicate, etc.); are only partially sequestering (zeolite) ; need some participation of sodium phosphates; are codemned by the medical science (nitriletriacetic - NTA) and in the majority of the cases are anti-economic as they need a greater quantity of deter gents in comparison to those that contain sodium phosphate as builder.

Disclosure of Invention

Thus, present invention is the conquest of moder science and technique to produce a detergent composition with the following characteristics: completely biodegradab in aerobic and anaerobic condition; excellent detergent po er; without any participation of petroleum derivatives; without any phosphorous content; exhibiting pH 10; quite efficient in hard waters; good for washing in hot and cold waters; used in the same proportions of the present synthe tic detergents; consuming only raw materials coming from renewable resources; and, what is much important, its cost is very competitive with the traditional synthetic deter¬ gents compositions based on petroleum/phosphates.

Present invention refer to detergent composition totally biodegradable, which compositions don't use any petroleum derivative. Still present invention product is a cleanser non-pollutant, made of raw materials coming fro renewable natural resources.

All ingredients and additives utilized in the invention cleanser composition are of easy and total biode gradation in the nature.

When the detergents foams of the present inven¬ tion are thrown in any type waters, clean or used, streami or stagnated, sweet or salted, they biodegrade totally and in an adequate short time.

Still the detergents composition foams of the present invention are totally biodegradable in the ground when their used waters are thrown directly on the soil, an when they returning to he nature, through springs, wells, etc, they are totally pure and free from any pollutant element.

The detergent composition of the present inven- tion is a product totally biodegradable under aerobic and anaerobic conditions; of excellent cleanser power in waters with low or high temperatures; without participation of phosphates nor inadequate substitutives; much efficient in high hardness waters; with low pH in the solution and with desired foam levels; and, also without addition of any petro-chemical compound.

Hereon it will be possible to confirm the excel¬ lent properties of the Cleansing Composition of the present invention, through the comparative tests, which will evalu- ate the detergent power, dirt redeposition rate, pH figures, foaming properties; at different temperature degrees; and at different water hardness degrees, as well as the applied process and the equipment used for the analyses.

The present detergent composition has been re- searched for years in the industrial scale, and many labo- ratorial analyses having been undertaken. The formulation consists of a mixture of basic components such as: soap of fatty acid and sacarose ester with fatty acid.

Compositions have been formulated and later tests for each formulation undertaken, so an intended goal could be reached. It has immediately been noticed that, as much to the soap as to the sacarose ester, the choice of the fatty acid (relatively to its group, chain length or still its nature) , was essential as to the cleanser character- istic to see: foam level; foam stability; detergent power; performance in hard waters; and softness of washed fabric.

Hence, researches on the material to be used were made objecting the obtention of a good product for commer¬ cial application. The fatty acid sacarose ester content must be a sacarose ester of mixed fatty acids, since the nature pro¬ vides oil, lard and grease acid mixtures.

The fatty acids must contain from 6 to 20 carbon

O PI atoms. It must also be taken into consideration the ester degree for substitution which must range from 1,5 to 2,5 being the substitution degree obtained by the average rati of the number of fatty acid molecules that esterify one su crose molecule.

For a better detergent power, a lower degree of substitution must be had, and for better softness of the washed fabric item a higher substitution degree must be had. Also for a better detergence must be have a greater percentage of mono-ester and thence di-esters, esp cially in low temperature washings (15 to 20°C).

The present non-pollutant improved detergent com position, is phosphate free, having as active components, soap of fatty acid; and fatty acid esters with sacarose, and others components (builders) such as: sodium carbonate, sesquicarbonates, silicates, sodium sulphate, sucrose de¬ grading products, optical bleachings, perfume and CMC.

Aiming at utilizing the composition commercially, the composition has been sxirveyed and then improved, con¬ sidering the existing concern in our country, as well as i several other countries, regarding to ecological problems. Severe restrictions are therefore made to cleansing compo¬ sitions based on petrochemical and phosphate products, which may to cause harm to the environment.

This is not, however, a composition elaborated without the objective of actual use, or objecting the hin¬ drance of future compositions, but a composition with re¬ strained surveyed and tested ranges evidencing that each component allows its commercial use, competing with deter¬ gent products in the national and in the world market, besides having renewable natural products. Each component is presented in percentual ranges of practical and commer¬ cially feasible utilization, both qualitatively and quanti tatively.

Therefore, the objective of this invention is to have a composition: a) non-pollutant to man, to animals and to the environment;

O b) having good cleansing characteristics and being a good washing agent; c) being bio-degradable in aerobiosis and anaerobiosis conditions; d) washing well even in hard waters; e) washing well at low and high temperatures; f) dispensing softner agents for getting to the fabric the desired softness; g) being commercially accessible to the most of the con- sumer; h) utilizing raw materials obtained from the renewable resources available easily.

The Applicant has know-how for the preparation of the new non-pollution detergent consisting of soap based on fatty acids, and sucrose esters, utilizing only natural raw materials.

The applied composition is qualitatively .and quantitatively commercial, as per test-demonstrations in U.S.A., Italy, Japan and Brazil. Already owing patent rights and technology for the produc¬ tion of sucrose ester, the Applicant has undertaken studies for production of non-pollutant detergent composition, in such a way as to reach efficient compositions, utilizing sucrose esters, fatty acid soap, sucrose and products from its decomposition formed during the ester-production reaction.

In order to obtain the target results, i.e, a non-pollutant detergent composition, many formulations have been elaborated and finally selected seven of them, as the best. These are comprised within the limits characterized in the present claims, whose results in regard to the cleansing qualities, biodegradability, cold water washings (15 to 30°C) and warm water washings (40 to 50°C) , and hard water washings, are introduced in the part of analyses. Inherent characteristics of the main components of the composition have been taken for the formulations elaborated, which are:

19 Sodium or potassium soap of fatty acid exis-

OMPI , WIPO ting among oils and fats produced conventionally in the nature, from vegetal or animal source, such as: tallow, palm oil, soy, cotton, cocoa, palmist, babassu, castor oi etc. By function of the respective cleansing characteris tics, foam and others, the most efficient fatty acids hav been selected. Among these have also been included the hydrogenated fatty acids of the oils and fats hereinabove cited, said hydrogenated grease acids being neither toxic nor harmful to the human body, and in addition being biod gradable.

29 Sucrose esters,that are non-ionic surfactant added to the fatty acid soaps yielding the mixture thereo essential cleansing characteristics, such as: washing in hard waters at low and high temperatures; good softness t the fabrics washed therein; and even the possibility to add them to toilet soaps for human body bathing.

Respect to the sucrose ester types, surveys hav taken place with the objective of reaching the above-cite characteristics, not only with regard to the type of fatt acid, but also related to saturation and non saturation o the their molecule, also, as to the number of carbon atom of the same fatty acids, and still as to the substitution degree of the sucrose molecule for acid groupings, in ord to obtain a balance of qualities for getting better perfo ance of the composition.

As in the fabrication process of the sucrose ester appear in the final gross product quantities of su¬ crose non-reacted, and also quantities of products of the decomposition of the sucrose it has been noticed that thei presence in the process is beneficial to their cleansing characteristics, therefore making it unnecessary the oblig atory of addition of extra rates of such products, since those are already part of the raw material utilized in th composition. Other agents are used, those commonly called

"builders" as: sodium metasilicates, sodium sulphate, so¬ dium carbonate and sesquisilicates, being used notypes of sodium phosphates in said charges, in order to avoid eu- trophication problems.

The results achieved by the detergent composition of this invention are the best possible as demonstrated by the annexed analyses. Results obtained with other deter- 5 gents are also showed, for comparation.

The 7 hereinbelow listed formulae have been the ones utilized in the tests performed by the Applicant, having these been comprised within the required ranges. a) Formula 1 - soap - 40%

10 sucrose ester of stearic acid - 5% saccharide - 10% builders - 44% - being: 60% sodium carbonate

24% sodium sulphate 14% sodium metasili- 15 cate

2% NTA optical agent and lauric amide - 1%

Sucrose ester composition of stearic acid monoester - 70% ₂₀ dister - 20% tri-ester and poly esters - 10%. b) Formula 2 - soap - 45% sucrose ester of miristic acid - 5% saccharide - 7% - - builders - 4%, being: 26% sodium carbonate

40% sodium sulphate 24% sodium metasili- cate lauric amide and optical agent - 3%

30 Sucrose ester composition of the miristic acid: monoester - 60% diester - 15% tri and poly esters - 25% 35 c) Formula 3 - soap - 46% sucrose ester of palmitic acid - 7% saccharide - 2%

OMPI charges - 41% - being: 26% sodium carbonate

10% sodium sulphate 2% sodium metasili- cate carboxy methylcellulose, lauric amide and optical agent - 4%

- Sucrose ester composition of palmitic aci monoester - 70% diester - 20% tri and poly esters - 10% d) Formula 4 - soap - 48% sucrose ester of acids mixture of cocoa oil - 6% saccharide - 2% charges - 40% being : 30% sodium bicarbo¬ nate 8% sodium sulphate 2% sodium metasili cate * carboxy methylcellulose, lauric amide and optical agent - 4%

- Sucrose ester composition of cocoa oil grease acid mixture: monoester - 60% di-ester - 30% tri and poly esters - 10% e) Formula 5 - soap - 48% sucrose ester of miristic acid - 7% charges - 37% being: 24% sodium carbonate 6% sodium sulphate

5% zeolite

2% sodium metasilicat carboxy methylcellulose, lauric amide and optical agent - 3% - Sucrose ester composition of miristic aci monoester - 60% di-ester - 30%

O tri and poly esters - 10% saccharide - 5% f) Formula 6 - soap - 48% sucrose ester o stearic acid - 6% saccharide - 3% charges - 40%, being: 24% sodium carbonate

8% sodium sulphate 6% sodium metasilicate 2% citric acid lauric amide and optical agent - 3%

- Sucrose ester composition of stearic acid: monoester - 80% di-ester - 30% g) Formula 7 - soap - 48% sucrose ester the mixture of cocoa oil grease acids: 6% charge - 48%, being: 26% sodium carbonate

10% sodium sulphate 3% zeolite 4% sodium metasilicate carboxy methylcellulose and lauric amide -3%

- Composition of sucrose ester of cocoa oil grease acide mixture: monoester - 60% di-ester - 40%

1st Test: Cleansing

This process is derived from the great freedom of choice of typical uses conditions of hard waters and cleans ing concentration variations. OBJECTIVE

Measuring removed dirt and redeposition rates of cleansers.

APPARATUS : TERG - 0 - TOMETER (Washing machine laboratory scale) manufactured by the United States Testing Company, Inc.

0 Terg - 0 - Tometer is a multiple stage washing for laboratory scale that simulates the action of a stirrer of the type used in the domestic washing machine. By the utilization of this machine it is possible to determine th cleansing properties and the various water hardness degree A typical analysis of cleanser sample could be represented as follows:

Testing Conditions Machine used Terg-O-tomater

Washing time 15 minutes rinse time 2,5 minutes Machine speed 100 RPM

Fabric used 3-6"X6" standard fabric of the

United States Testing Co. 3-6"X6" White Indian Head fabric Water Hardness 50 - 150 - 300 ppm Cleanser concentration 0.15; 0.25; 0.40; and 0.55%

PROCEDURE The operation of the cleansing testint instrumen is as follows:

_1 - The Terg-O-Tometer bath is filled with water, the tem¬ perature is allowed to fall and the thermostat adjusted to maintaining the bath at the required temperature. 2_ - Solutions of required cleanser concentration are pre¬ pared and heated to temperature of 190 C over the tempera¬ ture required for testing. 3_ - With the pure steel cup in the water bathing position and the stirrer turned on, one liter of the testing solu¬ tion is then poured into the cups.

The Terg-O-Tometer is then operated for one or two minutes for equalizing the cleansing solution temperature with tha of the bath.

Both the dirt and the clean fabrics, of known reflectancy, previously measured are then placed into the cup while the machine is operating. The machine operation is continuous to prescribe within a period of time. _4 - Upon completion of the washing period the machine is turned off. The stirrer is removed from the cup, which is then removed from the bath. The solution is decanted in the cup and the fabric is then twisted by hand or passed through the drier. 5_ - The empty cup is then rinsed and again dipped in the bath. A liter of rinsing water at proper temperature is poured in the cup again, for a desired rinsing period. Further rinsing if desired, is effected as described. _6 -. After the last rinsing the twist-dried fabric is ironed, if necessary, and the reflectancy determined. The rate of removed dirt is calculated by the substitution of the figures obtained from the equation:

A - B x 100 = Removed dirt C - D Wherein:

A = read reflectancy of the dirt fabric after washing B = read reflectancy of the dirt fabric before washing C = read reflectancy of the original fabric before dirtying.

The redeposition rate is calculated by the substi tution in the equation:

RA x 100 = Redeposition rate RB

Wherein: RA =^■ read reflectancy of the fabric after completion of test.

RB = read reflectancy of the fabric before tested.

In short, the redeposition rate represents the ability of the cleanser to hold the washed out dirt in suspension, and removed dirt indicates washing capability or efficiency.

COMMENTS

The present specification describes a typical se¬ ries of conditions for the evaluation of the cleanser. It is to be noted that each testing condition can be varied in view of the particular required test. For example other water hardness may be substituted toward the approximation of the desired degree by using different concentrations, it may be changed in order to allow evaluation of specific properties of peaks of high and low concentrations, and massive tests of other sorts may be substituted with othe washing temperatures.

The evaluations have been conducted by means of working under the methodology of ASTM D3050-72T, under th following conditions:

Cleanser concentration 0,25% Fabric tested 3-6"X6" standard cotton fabric of the United States Testing C 3-6"X6" of the White Indian He

Washing cycle l(once) - 10 (ten) minutes Rinsing cycle 2 (twice)- 3 (three) minutes Water temperature 15.6°C - 60°C. Water hardness 60 ppm - 180 ppm.

RESULTS 1 - Test Undertaken:

60 ppm hard water, with 0.25% concentration of cleansers at 15.5' ^JC.

COMPOSITIONS CLEANSING RESULTS

Tide without phosphate 10.0

Tide with phosphate 10.0

Formula 1 17.2

Formula 2 15.5

Formula 3 12.7

Formula 4 14.7

Formula 5 15.5 Formula 6 17.0 Formula 7 16.9

COMMENTS

1st class - formulas 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 2nd class - formulas 3, tide without phosphate and tide with phosphate.

COMPOSITIONS REDEPOSITION RATES

Tide without phosphate 97.6

Tide with phosphate 97.5

Formula 1 99.6

Formula 2 97.6 Formula 3 98.8

Formula 4 96.5

Formula 5 96.0

Formula 6 95.5 Formula 7 96.2

There is no difference among the samples, except formula 6, which showed a slightly lower rate.

2 - Teste Undertaken:

180 ppm hard water, with 0.25% concentration of cleansers aatt 1155°°CC..

COMPOSITIONS CLEANSING RESULTS (%)

Tide without phosphate 9.7

Tide with phosphate 10.8

Formula 1 10.3 Formula 2 7.5

Formula 3 13.6

Formula 4 10.5

Formula 5 11.0

Formula 6 11.9 Formula 7 16.1

COMMENTS

From the results one can notice that the best performance was the one presented by formula 7, followed by formula 3, and thereafter formulas 1, 4, 5 e 6 together with the tide without phosphate and the tide with phosphate, and finally formula 2.

COMPOSITIONS REDEPOSITION RATE (%)

Tide without phosphate 97.6

Tide with 35% phosphate 97.5 Formula 1 99.6

Formula 2 97.6

Formula 3 98.8

Formula 4 96.5

Formula 5 96.0 Formula 6 95.5

Formula 7 96.2

^BUREΛ

OMPI ^"~ There is no difference among the samples.

3 - Teste Undertaken

66 ppm hard water and 0.25% cleanser concentra- tion, at 600°°CC..

COMPOSITIONS CLEANSING RESULTS (%)

Tide without phosphate 11.7

Tide with 35% phosphate 13.8

Formula 1 17.0

Formula 2 15.5 Formula 3 18.8

Formula 4 15.5

Formula 5 13.8

Formula 6 19.3

Formula 7 20,0 COMMENTS

By these results one can notice that formulas 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 were the best performance formulae, and that formula 5, Tide without phosphate and Tide 35% phos¬ phate come next. COMPOSITIONS REDEPOSITION RATES (%)

Tide without phosphate 98.4

Tide with 35% phosphate 97.9

Formula 1 86.5

Formula 2 90.3 Formula 3 93.3

Formula 4 89.3

Formula 5 94.3

Formula 6 97.7

Formula 7 98.3 COMMENTS

It is noticeable that among the best results are Tide without phosphate; Tide with 35% phosphate and formul 7, followed by formulae 3 and 5; formulae 2 and 4 and at last formula 1.

4 - Test Undertaken 180 ppm hard water , cleanser concentration of

0.25% at 60°C •

COMPOSITIONS CLEANSING RESULTS (%)

Tide without ;phosphate 13.7

Tide with 35% phoisphate 15.8

Formula 1 6.2

Formula 2 5.5

Formula 3 6.2

Formula 4 5.5

Formula 5 7.0

Formula 6 15.6

Formula 7 17.7

COMMENTS

There is no remarkable difference among formulae 1 to 5. Tide without phosphate and formulae 5 and 7 are substantially greater.

COMPOSITIONS REDEPOSITION RATES (%)

Tide without phosphate 96.4

Tide with phosphate 96.5 Formula 1 96.6

Formula 2 97.4

Formula 3 95.3

Formula 4 96.4

Formula 5 97.6 Formula 6 96.7

Formula 7 98.6

There is no difference between the samples.

2nd test undertaken: Determination of the pH The test was undertaken in the usual manner, with the use of a pH meter.

1 - Test undertaken with a solution ooff 1% at 25 °C. COMPOSITIONS PH Tide without phosphate 10. ,1 Tide with 35% phosphate 10. .5 Formula 1 10. .1

OMPI •. IPO Formula 2 10.1

Formula 3 10.8

Formula 4 9.9

Formula 5 10.6 Formula 6 10.8

Formula 7 10.0

2 - Test undertaken at 15°C temperature with hard water at 60 ppm and 0.25% solution concentration.

COMPOSITIONS pH Tide without phosphate 9.9

Tide with 35% phosphate 9.5

Formula 1 10.1

Formula 2 10.1

Formula 3 10.4 Formula 4 9.6

Formula 5 9.7

Formula 6 10.4

Formula 7 10.0

3- Test undertaken at 15.5°C with water hardness of 180 pp at a 0.25% solution concentration.

COMPOSITIONS pH

Tide without phosphate 10.0

Tide with 35% phosphate 9.6

Formula 1 10.0 F Foorrmmuullaa 2 2 10.0

Formula 3 10.4

Formula 4 9.8

Formula 5- 9.6

Formula 6 10.4 F Foorrmmuullaa 7 7 10.2

4- Test undertaken at 60°C, with hard of 60 ppm, and 0.25% cleanser concentration.

COMPOSITIONS SOLUTION 0.25%

Tide without phosphate 9.6 Tide with 35% phosphate 9.1

O Formula 1 9.8

Formula 2 9.7

Formula 3 9.9

Formula 4 9.5 Formula 5 10.0

Formula 6 10.1

Formula 7 10.0

5 - Test undertaken at 60°C, with hard water of 180 ppm, and 0.25% cleanser concentration. COMPOSITIONS pH

Tide without phosphate 9.4

Tide with 35% phosphate 9.0

Formula 1 9.8

Formula 2 9.7 Formula 3 9.9

Formula 4 9.9

Formula 5 9.8

Formula 6 10.1

Formula 7 10.0 COMMENTS

From the tests it can be noticed that there are no significant pH differences between the samples.

3rd test undertaken: Property and Stability of the Foam Analyses have been made at the Ross Miles Poul Foam Appara¬ tus, as described in ASTM D - 1173.

The conditions were as follows: Concentration of cleansers - 0.15% Water temperature -48.8°% Reading - Immediately and after 5 minutes.

COMPOSITION IMMEDIATE READING AFTER 5 MINUTES

Tide with phosphate 16.51 15.88

Tide without phosphate 17.78 17.78

Formula 1 8.26 7.62

Formula 2 3.18 2.54

OMPI Formula 3 5 . 08 5. 08

Formula 4 7 . 62 6 . 99

Formula 5 3 .81 3 .18

Formula 6 1. 27 0 . 64 Formula 7 15. 24 14 . 61

COMMENTS

The samples of Tide with 35% phosphates and for¬ mula 3 showed no decrease in foam after 5 minutes. Formul 6 produced a lowering of the foam. With exception of Tide with phosphate and formula 3, all other samples showed a decrease of 1.27 centimeter of foam after 5 minutes. The samples of Tide without phosphate. Tide with 35% phosphate and formula 7 were the ones that showed the greatest ini¬ tial foam quantity. From the tests hereinabove undertaken, it has been noticed that the component has a strong influence in the foaming power of the present Detergent Composition, an that even in comparison to a foaming agent, its analysis has shown small differences, and its efficiency in the stabilization of the foam is more remarkable than the foaming agent itself.

The present Detergent Composition, as hereinabov described, is constituted by three basic components: soap components, sucrose ester components of fatty acid; saccha ride components, and, if desired other components used in common soaps and cleansers comercially nowadays, i.e., ad¬ ditives as sodium carbonate, sodium sulphate, amides of fatty acid silicates, CMC, potassium carbonate, sodium metasilicate, citric acid, NTA, zeolite, perfums and bleachers.

The sacaride compound must be included in the present Detergent Composition, according to conclusions of the tests carried out at a 2 to 12% rate by total weight of the mixture: the sucrose ester at a 5 to 10% rate and the soap at a 40 to 50% rate.

The objective of the present Detergent Composi¬ tion, as described hereinbefore, is the improvement of the

( OM cleansing power at low and high temperatures; foaming lev¬ el; foam stability; sequestering power, i.e., good perform¬ ance of the product of the present invention in hard waters without the use of any phosphorous content in the composi¬ tion for the purpose of not obstruct its non-pollutant characteristic and be unharmfulness to the man.

The product of the present invention may be pre¬ sented in the liquid form, in the powder form or in the solid form.

The non-irritability test has also been carried out in the following conditions: Fifteen people have used the detergent of this invention in close contact with the palm of the hands in an application from 2 to 16 hours. The cleansing concentration was 30% by weight.

Cleansers used: Alkyl benzene sodium sulphonate.

CLEANSER OF THE PRESENT INVENTION RESULTS TABLE (1)

By the above Table (1) one can see that the pre¬ sent Cleansing Composition is harmless to the skin.

According to the present Detergent Composition there are three basic elements plus additives. Soap com¬ ponents, from a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid con-

OMPI taining from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably lauric acid miristic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid or their mixtures this choice being made mainly upon considering their avai ability and cost of the raw material. The soap component must be cocoa oil, sodic salt or potassium salt; cotton seed oil; palm oil; palmist oil; babassu oil; curicuri oi tucum oil; hydrogenated soy oil and tallow oil, being it preferably at least 50% from tallow oil; or a hydrogenate oil. This component is to be included in the present de- tergent composition in a 40% to 50% range.

Sucrose ester componentes from a satured or un- saturated fatty acid contain from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, being the fatty acid preferably chosen among these acids: caproic, caprilic, capric, lauric, miristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and their mixtures.

The component of fatty acid sucrose ester must have a substitution degree ranging between 1.5 and 2.5 (a erage of fatty acid molecules transesterifyed by sucrose molecules) ; when it is desired a better cleansing, this substitution degree must be lower; and when it is desired a stronger softening power it must be higher. The compo¬ nent of fatty acid sucrose ester is selected preferably from cocoa oil, especially because that oil comprises the fatty acid requeriment range. This component is to be included in the present Detergent Composition in a rate o 5 to 10% in total weight of the mixture.

Saccharide component is preferably a mono or di -saccharide, from non-reacted sucrose of the sucrose este component. The sucrose containing its decomposed products unrecovered of the sucrose ester compound, will present t best results in the present invention. Also it will be a pure sucrose and its decomposed products. The saccharide compound must be included in the present detergent compos tion in a range preferably from 2 to 12% by total weight the mixture.

The present detergent composition may be formu¬ lated with the three basic components, or still by the addition of other additives to improves its performance o

_ not.

Therefore, is the present invention composed by unharmful elements to man and the nature, being also econom ically balanced and presenting total biodegradability.

OMPI

Claims

1 - Improved composition for non-pollutant dete gent, characterized by not containing phosphates and com¬ prising a fatty acid soap mixture, with sucrose ester co ponents with fatty acids in different substitution degree with predominance of mono and di-esters.

2 - Improved composition for non-pollutant dete gent, according to Claim 1, characterized by including a saccharide component, either by the addition of mono ou d saccharide or by the participation of saccharides and pro ucts of its decomposition coming from the process for ob- tention of sucrose esters with fatty acids.

3 - Improved composition for non-pollutant det gent, according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that said sucrose ester component comprises at least one sucrose ester of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid of 6 to 18 carbon atoms.

4 - Improved composition for non-pollutant dete gent, according to Claim 1, characterized by the fact tha sucrose ester component substitution degree is greater th 70% in mono and di-esters, and that the fatty acids are added with at least 50% in fatty acids of 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and including the remaining in a range of 14 to 18 carbon atoms, saturate or non-saturate. 5 - Improved composition for non-pollutant deter gent, according to Claim 4, characterized by the fact that said sucrose ester component comprises a sucrose ester of fatty acids single or mixed of fatty acids such as caproi acid, caprilic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, miristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoileic

-^J O ^W acid and their mixtures.

6 - Improved composition for non-pollutant deter¬ gent, according to Claim 1, characterized by the fact that the sucrose ester component enter with at least 90% in fatty acids of 14 to 18 saturated ou non-saturated carbon atoms, as well as the same fatty acids of the range of C16- C18 hydrogenated, and further that the ester substitution degree is at least 70% in mono and di-esters.

7 - Improved composition for non-pollutant deter- gent, according to Claim 6, characterized by the fact that said sucrose ester component comprises: a single fatty acid ester or mixed of the fatty acid as miristic, palmitic, stearic, hydroxy-stearic, ceto-stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic and their mixtures. 8 - Improved composition for non-pollutant deter¬ gent, according to any of the Claims from 2 to 7 , charac¬ terized by the fact that said saccharide component is a selected member of the group of the mono saccharides, disa£ charides, their decomposition products and their mixtures. 9 - Improved composition for non-pollutant deter¬ gent, according to Claim 8, characterized by the fact that said saccharide component is selected from the group con- sistint of sucrose, sorbitol and products of decomposition of sucrose and its mixtures. 10 - Improved composition for non-pollutant dete gent, according to Claim 9, characterized by the fact that said saccharide component is sucrose non-reacted and recov¬ ered in the process, products from said fatty acid sucrose ester. 11 - Improved composition for non-pollutant dete£ gent, according to any of the Claims from 2 to 10, charac¬ terized by the fact that said composition comprises from 40 to 60% by weight of the mixture of fatty acid soap and su¬ crose ester of 3 to 12% by weight of the saccharide com- ponent.

12 - Improved composition for non-pollutant deter gent, according to Claims 2 to 11, containing: a) fatty ac¬ id soaps obtained by the neutralization thereof or by the

OMPI_ saponification of the oils and fats (tri-glicerides) ; b)s crose esters, also obtained from fatty acid derivatives, said composition characterized by being capable of in¬ cluding tri-glicerides which have not reacted and/ou by- -products of the saponification reaction, as glycerol and glicerides (mono, di, tri) .

13 - Improved composition for non-pollutant det gent, according to any of the preceding Claims, character¬ ized by the fate that said soap component is a member selected from the sodium and/or potassium salts of the saturated or unsaturated fatty acids with 6 to 18 carbon atoms.

14 - Improved composition for non-pollutant dete gent, according to Claim 13, characterized by the fact tha said soap component is a selected member from the group consisting of sodium and/or potassium salts of the caproic caprilic, capric, lauric, miristic, palmitic, stearic, hy- droxy-stearic, ceto-stearic, oleic, linoleic, linoleric acids and their mixtures. 15 - Improved composition for non-pollutant dete gent, according to Claim 14, characterized by the fact tha said soap is a product obtained by the neutralization of the referred fatty acids or of the saponification of one or more members selected from the group of the palm oils, palmist, babassu, cocoa, curicuri, tucum, cotton, soy, hydrogenated soy, tallow and their mixtures.

16 - Improved composition for non-pollutant dete gent, according to Claim 15, characterized by the fact tha said soap is a product obtained by the saponification of a mixture of at least 50% by weight of tallow or an hydrogen ated oil with specifications similar to tallow, and the remaining portion of oils from the group of palm trees and soy.

17 - Improved composition for non-pollutanr dete gent, according to any of the preceding Claims, character¬ ized by the fact that said sucrose ester comprises at leas 70% by weight of mono and di-ester and the remaining por¬ tion of tri and poly esters with a substitution degree be- J

O

WI tween 1.5 and 2.5; this substitution degree being given by the average rate of the fatty acid molecules transesteri- fied by one sucrose molecule.

18 - Improved composition for non-pollutant deter gent, according to the preceding Claims, formulated for reaching the adequate efficiency as a detergent composition • for soft and heavy cleaning uses, neither polluting the environment nor bringing any harm to the human being, ac¬ ting satisfactorily in washings at low temperatures (10 to 30°C) and high temperatures (40 to 50°C) , with good cleans¬ ing performance in soft and hard waters, providing the de¬ sired softness to the fabric and in the hands to whom ma¬ nipulate it in a barring solution thereof; operating in a pH as high as 11, characterized by containing: a) 40 to 50% of fatty acid soap; b) 5 to 10% of sucrose esters; c) 2 to 12% of sucrose and products of its decomposition; d) 0.5 to 5% of products from reaction of the saponifica¬ tion and transesterification, as: trigliceride, mono and di-gliceride and glicerol; e) 25 to 50% of charges (builders) , as sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulphate, silicates, sodium metasilicates, citric acid and their derivatives; f) 0.5 to 5% of required agents to the good foam stability (amides) , optical bleachers and carboxy methyl cellulose.

OMPI