WO1979000700A1 - Process for reducing and heat treating - Google Patents
Process for reducing and heat treating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1979000700A1 WO1979000700A1 PCT/EP1979/000012 EP7900012W WO7900700A1 WO 1979000700 A1 WO1979000700 A1 WO 1979000700A1 EP 7900012 W EP7900012 W EP 7900012W WO 7900700 A1 WO7900700 A1 WO 7900700A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- atmosphere
- aftertreatment
- sponge
- sponge iron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0086—Conditioning, transformation of reduced iron ores
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for post-treatment, in particular post-reduction and heat treatment, of sponge iron, in particular sponge iron produced by the Höganäs process or a similar process for direct steel production.
- the sponge iron is obtained in the form of a tube with a chemical composition that mainly depends on the analysis of the iron ore silt used. Because during the reduction carbon is present, the temperature in the tunnel furnace and the residence time of the muffle in it determine how far the reduction goes and how high the carbon content in the sponge iron becomes. If the degree of reduction is greater than 95%, the carbon content is normally above 0.10%, the degree of reduction being defined as the ratio between metallic iron and the total amount of iron.
- the sponge In the previous processes for producing iron powder from sponge iron, the sponge is cut up, ground and magnetically separated, after which various types of post-treatments, such as reduction and heat treatment, are carried out on the magnetically separated fraction. The fraction is then ground again and sieved.
- the object of the present invention is the post-treatment, in particular post-reduction and heat treatment, of iron sponge without prior comminution.
- the method according to the present invention is characterized in that the sponge iron is subjected to the post-treatment unbroken and / or in coarse fragments. This eliminates the grinding process and simpler material handling.
- the aftertreatment is preferably carried out in a neutral atmosphere carried out.
- This neutral atmosphere can be an inert gas atmosphere, in particular a nitrogen atmosphere and / or a slightly reducing atmosphere.
- a nitrogen atmosphere which contains 1 to 101, in particular approximately 5%, hydrogen is preferably used as the aftertreatment atmosphere.
- the aftertreatment according to the invention can be carried out at elevated temperatures, preferably at temperatures between approximately 700 ° C. and approximately 1200 ° C., in particular between approximately 800 ° C. and approximately
- Sponge iron is preferably used, the proportion of metallic iron of which is greater than approximately 70% by weight, in particular greater than approximately 90% by weight and advantageously approximately 95% by weight.
- the degree of reduction, i.e. the ratio of metallic Fe to the total amount of Fe can be increased.
- the aftertreatment is advantageously carried out until the proportion of metallic iron reaches a value above approximately
- the sponge iron heated during its manufacture in the rotary or tunnel furnace is not yet completely cooled, while avoiding oxidation during transfer. transferred into the aftertreatment atmosphere, since partial or complete reheating can then be omitted.
- a generally tubular body made of sponge iron is obtained, for example, with an inside diameter of about 20 to 40 cm and a wall thickness of about 3 to 8 cm, in particular 5 to 6 cm and a length of about 2 m, for example.
- the tubular sponge iron is heated to 800-1200 ° C., in particular without completely cooling and removing the residues of coke breeze and limestone, in a neutral, for example nitrogen or reducing atmosphere, so that the degree of reduction in iron is not reduced.
- final reduction and heat treatment are obtained in one step during the aftertreatment according to the invention.
- the warming time depends, among other things, on the composition of the sponge iron, the carbon content and the desired composition of the finished iron powder.
- the heating in the aftertreatment according to the invention can take place both with gaseous, liquid or solid fuels and also with electrical energy, for example by electrical resistance heating by means of a heating element, electrical resistance heating by means of sponge iron as resistance or by induction heating of the iron sponge.
- the carbon content in the sponge iron is used for post-reduction, which increases the degree of reduction of the sponge iron.
- the heat treatment improves the state of free iron in the sponge iron in a manner similar to annealing, as is particularly advantageous when the sponge iron is used for powder metallurgical purposes.
- the present invention enables the post-reduction and heat treatment of sponge iron without prior grinding, this can be necessary for powder production Crushing, grinding, magnetic separation and sieving can be carried out in direct succession after the treatment of the sponge iron.
- the residues of coke breeze and limestone located on the sponge iron surface do not have to be removed, or only to the extent necessary for the access of the neutral or slightly reducing atmosphere to the sponge iron or the contacting of this atmosphere the sponge iron is required in the aftertreatment according to the invention.
- the residues of coke breeze and limestone or the like, which are still present after the aftertreatment according to the invention, after cooling the iron sponge bodies or the fragments of the iron sponge bodies, can be removed from them in a conventional manner, e.g. mechanically.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Verfahren zum Nachreduzieren und Wärmebehandeln vonProcess for post-reduction and heat treatment of
EisenschwammSponge iron
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Nachbehandeln, insbesondere Nachreduzieren und Wärmebehandeln, von Eisenschwamm, insbesondere von nach dem Höganäs-Verfahren oder einem ähnlichen Verfahren zur direkten Stahlgewinnung hergestellten Eisenschwamm.The present invention relates to a process for post-treatment, in particular post-reduction and heat treatment, of sponge iron, in particular sponge iron produced by the Höganäs process or a similar process for direct steel production.
Bei dem Höganäsverfahren wird z.B. Eisenerzschlick und Kohlenstoff abgebendes Material in keramische Muffeln zusammengepreßt, welche danach z.B. in einem Tunnelofen erhitzt werden. Auch Eisenschwamm, der mittels anderer Verfahren hergestellt wurde und der einen hohen Reduktionsgrad besitzt, eignet sich für das Verfahren gemäß vorliegender Erfindung.In the Höganäs process e.g. Iron ore silt and carbon-donating material are pressed together in ceramic muffles, which are then e.g. be heated in a tunnel oven. Sponge iron, which was produced by other methods and has a high degree of reduction, is also suitable for the method according to the present invention.
Beim Höganäsverfahren erhält man den Eisenschwamm in Rohrform mit einer chemischen Zusammensetzung, die hauptsächlich von der Analyse des zur Anwendung gelangten Eisenerzschlickes abhängig ist. Da während der Reduktion Überschuß- kohlenstoff vorhanden ist, wird die Temperatur im Tunnelofen und die Aufenthaltszeit der Muffeln darin bestimmend dafür, wie weit die Reduktion geht und wie hoch der Kohlenstoffgehalt im Eisenschwamm wird. Bei höherem Reduktionsgrad als 95 % liegt der Kohlenstoffgehalt normalerweise über 0,10 %, wobei der Reduktionsgrad als das Verhältnis zwischen metallischem Eisen und der totalen Menge Eisen definiert wird.In the Höganäs process, the sponge iron is obtained in the form of a tube with a chemical composition that mainly depends on the analysis of the iron ore silt used. Because during the reduction carbon is present, the temperature in the tunnel furnace and the residence time of the muffle in it determine how far the reduction goes and how high the carbon content in the sponge iron becomes. If the degree of reduction is greater than 95%, the carbon content is normally above 0.10%, the degree of reduction being defined as the ratio between metallic iron and the total amount of iron.
Bei den bisherigen Verfahren zur Herstellung von Eisenpulver aus Eisenschwamm wird der Schwamm zerstückelt, gemahlen und magnetisch separiert, wonach verschiedene Arten von Nachbehandlungen, wie Reduktion und Wärmebehandlung an der magnetisch separierten Fraktion vorgenommen werden. Danach wird die Fraktion wieder gemahlen und gesiebt.In the previous processes for producing iron powder from sponge iron, the sponge is cut up, ground and magnetically separated, after which various types of post-treatments, such as reduction and heat treatment, are carried out on the magnetically separated fraction. The fraction is then ground again and sieved.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Nachbehandlung,insbesondere Nachreduktion und Wärmebehandlung von Eisenschwamm ohne vorhergehendes Zerkleinern.The object of the present invention is the post-treatment, in particular post-reduction and heat treatment, of iron sponge without prior comminution.
Das Verfahren gemäß vorliegender Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Eisenschwamm ungebrochen und/oder in groben Bruchstücken der Nachbehandlung unterworfen wird. Dadurch entfällt ein Mahlprozeß und man erhält eine einfachere Materialhantierung. Vorzugsweise wird die Nachbehandlung erfindungsgemäß in einer neutralen Atmosphäre durchgeführt. Diese neutrale Atmosphäre kann eine Inertgasatmosphäre, insbesondere eine Stickstoffatmosphäre und/ oder eine leicht reduzierende Atmosphäre sein. Als Nachbehandlungsatmosphäre wird vorzugsweise eine Stickstoffatmosphäre verwendet, die 1 bis 101, insb.etwa 5 % Wasserstoff enthält.The method according to the present invention is characterized in that the sponge iron is subjected to the post-treatment unbroken and / or in coarse fragments. This eliminates the grinding process and simpler material handling. According to the invention, the aftertreatment is preferably carried out in a neutral atmosphere carried out. This neutral atmosphere can be an inert gas atmosphere, in particular a nitrogen atmosphere and / or a slightly reducing atmosphere. A nitrogen atmosphere which contains 1 to 101, in particular approximately 5%, hydrogen is preferably used as the aftertreatment atmosphere.
Die Nachbehandlung kann erfindungsgemäß bei erhöhten Tempe- raturen, vorzugsweise bei Temperaturen zwischen etwa 700ºC und etwa 1200 ºC, insbesondere zwischen etwa 800°C und etwaThe aftertreatment according to the invention can be carried out at elevated temperatures, preferably at temperatures between approximately 700 ° C. and approximately 1200 ° C., in particular between approximately 800 ° C. and approximately
1100°C durchgeführt werden.1100 ° C are carried out.
Vorzugsweise wird Eisenschwamm verwendet, dessen Anteil an metallischem Eisen größer als etwa 70 Gew. -%, insbesondere größer als etwa 90 Gew.-% und vorteilhafterweise etwa 95 Gew.-% ist. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Nachbehandlung kann der Reduktionsgrad, d.h. das Verhältnis von metallischem Fe zur totalen Menge Fe erhöht werden. Vorteilhafterweise wird die Nachbehandlung solange durchgeführt, bis der Anteil an metallischem Eisen auf einen Wert' oberhalb etwaSponge iron is preferably used, the proportion of metallic iron of which is greater than approximately 70% by weight, in particular greater than approximately 90% by weight and advantageously approximately 95% by weight. The degree of reduction, i.e. the ratio of metallic Fe to the total amount of Fe can be increased. The aftertreatment is advantageously carried out until the proportion of metallic iron reaches a value above approximately
98 % , insbesondere oberhalb etwa 99 % angestiegen ist. Gute Ergebnisse wurden erzielt, wenn die Nachbehandlung bei etwa 900°C über etwa 2 bis 5 Stunden, insbesondere über etwa 3 bis 4 Stunden durchgeführt wurde.98%, especially above about 99%. Good results were achieved when the aftertreatment was carried out at about 900 ° C. for about 2 to 5 hours, in particular over about 3 to 4 hours.
Erfindungsgemäß ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn man den bei seiner Herstellung im Dreh- oder Tunnelofen erhitzten Eisenschwamm im noch nicht vollständig abgekühlten Zustand, unter Vermeidung von Oxydierung beim Überführen, in die Nachbehandlungsatmosphäre überführt, da dann eine Wiederaufheizung teilweise oder vollständig entfallen kann.According to the invention, it is particularly advantageous if the sponge iron heated during its manufacture in the rotary or tunnel furnace is not yet completely cooled, while avoiding oxidation during transfer. transferred into the aftertreatment atmosphere, since partial or complete reheating can then be omitted.
Nach dem Höganäs-Verfahren werden vertikale Schichten, vorzugsweise zylindrische Schichten, aus Eisenkonzentrat bzw. Eisenerz und aus mit Kalkstein vermischtem Koksgrus in keramische Muffeln gepackt und in einem Ring- ode'r Tunnelofen erhitzt. Die Ofentemperatur kann etwa 1150 ºC betragen. Der größte Teil der hierzu benötigten Wärme wird dabei durch Verbrennung des aus den Muffelfüllungen anfallenden CO-Gases gewonnen. Ein Teil des FeO, z.B. 4,5 % FeO, bleibt im allgemeinen unreduziert. Bei sehr reinem Erz kann der gewonnene Eisenschwamm zur Herstellung von Eisenpulver für pulvermetallurgische Zwecke verwendet werden.According to the Höganäs process, vertical layers, preferably cylindrical layers, of iron concentrate or iron ore and coke breeze mixed with limestone are packed in ceramic muffle and heated in a ring or tunnel furnace. The oven temperature can be about 1150 ° C. Most of the heat required for this is obtained by burning the CO gas generated from the muffle fillings. Part of the FeO, e.g. 4.5% FeO, generally remains unreduced. In the case of very pure ore, the iron sponge obtained can be used to produce iron powder for powder metallurgical purposes.
Bei dem Höganäsverfahren, das z.B. in der schwedischen Patentschrift 136 922 beschrieben ist, erhält man im all- gemeinen rohrförmige Körper aus Eisenschwamm z.B. mit einem Innendurchmesser von etwa 20 bis 40 cm und einer Wandstärke von etwa 3 bis 8 cm, insbesondere 5 bis 6 cm und einer Länge von z.B. etwa 2 m. Erfindungsgemäß wird der rohrförmige Eisenschwamm, insbes. ohne vollständige Abkühlung und Entfernung der Reste von Koksgrus und Kalkstein in einer neutralen beispielsweise Stickstoff- oder reduzierender Atmosphäre auf 800 - 1200°C erhitzt, damit der Reduktionsgrad beim Eisen nicht gesenkt wird. Beim Warmhalten während der erfindungsgemäßen Nachbehandlung erhält man sowohl Entkohlung, Endreduktion und Wärmebehandlung in einem Schritt. Die Warmhaitungszeit hängt u.a. von der Zusammensetzung des Eisenschwammes, vom Kohlenstoffgehalt und der gewünschten Zusammensetzung des fertigen Eisenpulvers ab.In the Höganäs method, which is described, for example, in the Swedish patent specification 136 922, a generally tubular body made of sponge iron is obtained, for example, with an inside diameter of about 20 to 40 cm and a wall thickness of about 3 to 8 cm, in particular 5 to 6 cm and a length of about 2 m, for example. According to the invention, the tubular sponge iron is heated to 800-1200 ° C., in particular without completely cooling and removing the residues of coke breeze and limestone, in a neutral, for example nitrogen or reducing atmosphere, so that the degree of reduction in iron is not reduced. When keeping warm decarburization, final reduction and heat treatment are obtained in one step during the aftertreatment according to the invention. The warming time depends, among other things, on the composition of the sponge iron, the carbon content and the desired composition of the finished iron powder.
Die Erwärmung bei der erfindungsgemäßen Nachbehandlung kann sowohl mit gasförmigen, flüssigen oder festen Brennstoffen geschehen wie auch mit elektrischer Energie beispielsweise durch elektrisches Widerstandserwärmen mittels Wärmeelement, elektrisches Widerstandserwärmen mit Eisenschwamm als Widerstand oder durch Induktionserwärmung des Eisenschwammes.The heating in the aftertreatment according to the invention can take place both with gaseous, liquid or solid fuels and also with electrical energy, for example by electrical resistance heating by means of a heating element, electrical resistance heating by means of sponge iron as resistance or by induction heating of the iron sponge.
Durch dieses Verfahren wird der Kohlenstoffgehalt im Eisenschwamm zur Nachreduktion ausgenützt, wodurch der Reduktionsgrad des Eisenschwamms vergrößert wird. Die Wärmebehandlung verbessert in ähnlicher Weise wie eine Glühung den Zustand des freien Eisens im Eisenschwamm, wie es insbesondere bei Verwendung des Eisenschwammes für pulvermetallurgische Zwecke vorteilhaft ist.With this method, the carbon content in the sponge iron is used for post-reduction, which increases the degree of reduction of the sponge iron. The heat treatment improves the state of free iron in the sponge iron in a manner similar to annealing, as is particularly advantageous when the sponge iron is used for powder metallurgical purposes.
Da die vorliegende Erfindung die Nachreduktion und Wärmebehandlung von Eisenschwamm ohne vorhergehendes Zerkleinern ermöglicht, kann das zur Pulverherstellung erforderliche Zerkleinern, Mahlen, Magnetseparieren und Sieben in direkter Folge an die Nachbehandlung des Eisenschwammes vorgenommen werden.Since the present invention enables the post-reduction and heat treatment of sponge iron without prior grinding, this can be necessary for powder production Crushing, grinding, magnetic separation and sieving can be carried out in direct succession after the treatment of the sponge iron.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren müssen vor bzw. bei der Nachbehandlung die an der Eisenschwammoberfläche befindlichen Reste von Koksgrus und Kalkstein nicht bzw. nur soweit entfernt werden, wie dies für den Zutritt der neutralen oder leicht reduzierenden Atmosphäre zu dem Eisenschwamm bzw. dem Inkontaktbringen dieser Atmosphäre mit dem Eisenschwamm bei der erfindungsgemäßen Nachbehandlung erforderlich ist. Dabei können die Reste von Koksgrus und Kalkstein oder dergl., die nach der erfindungsgemäßen Nachbehandlung noch vorhanden sind, nach dem Abkühlen der Eisenschwammkörper bzw. der Bruchstücke der Eisenschwammkörper, von diesen in üblicher Weise, z.B. mechanisch, entfernt werden. In the method according to the invention, the residues of coke breeze and limestone located on the sponge iron surface do not have to be removed, or only to the extent necessary for the access of the neutral or slightly reducing atmosphere to the sponge iron or the contacting of this atmosphere the sponge iron is required in the aftertreatment according to the invention. The residues of coke breeze and limestone or the like, which are still present after the aftertreatment according to the invention, after cooling the iron sponge bodies or the fragments of the iron sponge bodies, can be removed from them in a conventional manner, e.g. mechanically.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7802421A SE7802421L (en) | 1978-03-03 | 1978-03-03 | PROCEDURE FOR POST-REDUCTION AND HEAT TREATMENT OF IRON MUSHROOMS |
| SE7802421 | 1978-03-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1979000700A1 true WO1979000700A1 (en) | 1979-09-20 |
Family
ID=20334170
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1979/000012 Ceased WO1979000700A1 (en) | 1978-03-03 | 1979-03-02 | Process for reducing and heat treating |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| SE (1) | SE7802421L (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1979000700A1 (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2545932A (en) * | 1948-05-26 | 1951-03-20 | Allied Chem & Dye Corp | Two-stage conversion of iron oxide into iron |
| DE1171623B (en) * | 1961-11-24 | 1964-06-04 | Huettenwerk Oberhausen Ag | Process for the production of dense, little porous or non-porous iron powder from sponge iron |
| US3414402A (en) * | 1967-06-16 | 1968-12-03 | Hydrocarbon Research Inc | Beneficiation of low grade iron ores |
| GB1219674A (en) * | 1968-10-07 | 1971-01-20 | British Iron Steel Research | Process for the production of iron powder from aman oxide |
| DE2343040A1 (en) * | 1973-08-25 | 1975-03-13 | Thyssen Niederrhein Ag | Iron powder production - by reduction of fine-grained iron ore, heating the prod. and grinding |
-
1978
- 1978-03-03 SE SE7802421A patent/SE7802421L/en unknown
-
1979
- 1979-03-02 WO PCT/EP1979/000012 patent/WO1979000700A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2545932A (en) * | 1948-05-26 | 1951-03-20 | Allied Chem & Dye Corp | Two-stage conversion of iron oxide into iron |
| DE1171623B (en) * | 1961-11-24 | 1964-06-04 | Huettenwerk Oberhausen Ag | Process for the production of dense, little porous or non-porous iron powder from sponge iron |
| US3414402A (en) * | 1967-06-16 | 1968-12-03 | Hydrocarbon Research Inc | Beneficiation of low grade iron ores |
| GB1219674A (en) * | 1968-10-07 | 1971-01-20 | British Iron Steel Research | Process for the production of iron powder from aman oxide |
| DE2343040A1 (en) * | 1973-08-25 | 1975-03-13 | Thyssen Niederrhein Ag | Iron powder production - by reduction of fine-grained iron ore, heating the prod. and grinding |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE7802421L (en) | 1979-09-04 |
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