USRE3996E - Improvement in brass kettles - Google Patents

Description

y UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THE TATERBURY BRASS COMPANY, OF VVATERBURY, CONNECTICUT,

ASSIGNEES OF HIRAM W. HAYDEN.

,IMPROVEMENT IN BRASS KETTLES.

Specification for-ming part of Letters Patent No. 8,589, dated December 16, 1851; ea'lended seiten years reissue No. 2,171, dated February 13, 1866 5 reissue No. 3,996, dated Mal] 24, 1870.

DIVISION B.

o all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known' that HIRAM XV. HAYDEN, of Waterbury, New Haven county, and State ot' Connecticut, machinist, .has invented certain new and useful Improvements in Brass Kettles or similar metallic vessels; and it is hereby declared that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the sume, and of the manner in which the same is or may be produced, reference heilig had to the annexed drawing, making part of this speeilieation, wherein- Figure 1 is a plan ot' a machine constructed and operating to produce. from ilat disks ot' metal, by stretching or dstention on proper form or forms, and by means of proper tools acting on the disk While rotating with and agztinst the form, a kettle substantially of the. character hereinafter more 'ullyl described.

Fig. 2is a general side elevation. Fig.-3 is an end elevation. ,Figa 4 is a longitudinal section of' the form, slide-rest, and poppethead; and Fig. y5 is a cross-section ot' the machine near the slide-rest, looking toward the mandrel and l'ornl.

The other Iigures are separately referred to, and Ithe like marks of reference denote corresponding parts in all the. ilgures.

A short account ot' the ordinary process of making kettles of-brass or other metal will tirst be given, iu order that the advantages of the improvement subject ot' this patent may be moreclearly understood. 'A disk ot'pmetal ot' the proper size is stamped between dies, gradually stretching the bottom and compressing the sides together, and this has to be periformed several times to draw the metal in to the righ-t shape, and at each stamping the metal has to be annealed, which' stamping and annealing stretches, distresses, and injures the metal, rendering it soft, porous, and Weak at the vvery point where the kettle is most liable to injury; and large kettles having to he stamped sometimes ten to twelve times, andY these operations that it has to be hammered,

or what is termed spotted, :to give hardness and temper to the metals; and this hardening is uneven in its operation anddistresses the metal, making it thinner in some places than in others. But the greatest dilieulty with the old process is this, that the die as it is forced into the matrix carries the metal with it, tending all the time to shove the bottom otl" from the sides, and by consequence stretching the old process makes the kettle thick where itl should be thin, and thin where it should be thick; and the 4process ot' hammering, althoughproducing a better article than staalping, still has the same disadvantage of making' the metal thin in the wrong place.

The improvements subject of this patent, as distinguished and contrasted with the foregoing, consist in the manufacture ot' brass kettles or ot other Jmetallic vessels or ware the.

characteristic features of which consist in this, that the metal atthe 'bottom is the thickest.,

and thinner as it reeedes `from the center or from the part at or near the bend-that is to say, where the sides ot' the kettle begin the met-al ot' the sides being further 4reduced or compressed or drawn as it approaches the top;

anda kettle or other article of this character is formed of-a circular disk ot' metal held against the center of, and rotated with, a form.

A proper tool is then brought to' bear against the disk, and gradually moving the tool as the disk is rotated the metal isbent and compressed gradually upon the form,v the tool operating so as to compress the betteln onto the sh ape of the form, and gradually thin it; and then the sides are drawn out straighnt, and gradnallythinucd ou the forms, (whichforms are made successively smaller,) near the top ot' lthe kettle, the bottoms remaining the same,

tions of stretching and thinning the sides, the bottom and sides'being tapered from thccenter of the bottom, where the disk is of its original thickness, to the top of the kettle, which nally receives and is supported by the wirn g, which wiring is put in as nsua-l. v

These usual operations are effected byfsaid machinery, the largest-sized kettles or brass batteries, as they are sometimes called, being completely formed by the use of live or six molds, and the annealing has to be done only a corresponding number of times, being on the blank and between each successive operation. 'lhe operation of the tool on'the kettle is similar to rolling, drawing the metal out lwith a spring, temper, and elasticity equal to rolled metal, and of an even hardness and homogeneous texture, and the kettle is formed thick- `est; in the part where there is most wear.

Having thus described the general advantages ol' the article manufactured according to saidlIAYDENs invention, 'we will now proceed to detail the construction and arrangement of the means employed to produce the abovementioned resul t.

In the accompanying drawings, A A are legs or a frame supporting a bed, B, made similar tothe bed of a latlle, with slides 1 1 on the top, as usual. C is 'a mandrel-head, formed with journal-boxes a a', receiving the mandrel c, the endwise pressure on which is taken by the back set-screw 2 iu a cross-piece, b', on short columns '1), nearly as usual. .Y

Between the journals a and a the mandrel c hasaround it the conical pulleys D, set loose on the mandrel, as usual, and having on their smaller end a pinion,d, taking a wheel, dl, on

a short shaft, c, set in adjustable slidingjouri nals 4 on the mandrelfhead c, with pins a: passing through holes in the sides into lthe jonrnal-box. These 'holes are -so placed that the pins .fr secure the journals,l so as to bring the wheel d1 into gear with the pinion dor disconnect them; and on the shalt 3`s a pinion, d2, takinga gear-wheel, d, which is secured on the mandrel; but the pinion d? is disconnected from the wheel d when the wheel is disconnected from the' pinion d, the object of this being to give a slow powerful rotation to the mandrel c. But this may be-used or not, as in ordinary lathes, and when not used the wheel d3* is to be connected to the pulleys D by a bolt, the head of which is shown at'5, Fig. 2, which is to be'screwed into a hole in the end of the conical pulleys D, as usual.

The mandrel c. has on its nose the face-chuck e, iliade as usual, and turned true, which has holes through it to receive the screw-bolts 6 with their nuts, that secure the rotary forms.

The first one of these is shown in Figs. 1 and 2, marked E, and 7 are screws to adjust the form to the central positionjon the chuck; but the mea-ns of adjusting and securing the forms to the chuck are to be those best adapted to the purpose. F s/a sliding bed i'u the slides 1.1, taking by a cross, V, slide 10,` thepoppethead F' ot' the lathe, and these both are secured by a claluppiece, S, `beneath slides 1 1,`

through which a bolt, g, passes, with a nut above the bed ot' the poppet-head F. 1l 1l are adjusting-'screws passing through cars on the bed F, taking the sides of the bed-F to adjust it across the machine. rlhis head F' is Aformed with a pipe, f, connecting the tops of the ends, and inside this pipefis a short pipe,

j", (see Fig. 4,) secured by a pin and groove,

and this pipe f1 is formed'with, or carries on its outer end, a hand-wheehfz, thehub of which is formed with a female screw on its interior.

The head thus formed receives the supporting-mandrel J3, that has a groove taking a pin to prevent its turning, but allows it to slide freelylengthwisc, and lthis mandrel f i lits.

the, pipe f on its end next the chuck e,- bu't the back end is made larger, with a screw-thread, 13, around it, that lits the screw in the hamlwheel f2. `The object of this arrangement is that, by tnrnin g the wheel .f2 until it has drawn the supporti11g-mandrelj'3 back till its screw 13 is disenga-'gelhthe mandrelf3 can be slid back out of the way, so as to be able to remove the kettlewithout moving the head F, and also without-losing time to screw the mandrel f3 back, whiehwould be the'casc if the mandrel had a screw-thread its whole length. The end ot' this mandrel fii opposite to the .screw 13 is turned smaller and to` a ccnter,.

which receives a socket, 14, and allows it to rotate freely. This socket 14 has a small disk on its end, with a small cavity in' the center.

The circular blank or disk of metal lo be oper. ated on has a blunt center punch-markin the center, the convex side `ot which, taking the cavity in the face of the socket-14, forms a guide to bring the sheet to the right place for all the operations, and when the kettle is completed this punch-mark is to be beat down Hat again. The disk of metal is to be placed against the form,and the mandrel f2 shoved up till the screw 1li-is taken by the screw ot the wheel f, andthemandrel f3, with i ts socket 14, being forced strongly up onto the sheet ot' inet-al (which is t@ be so placed that its center-mark enters the cavity in the socket 14) by turningl the wheel f 2 to give the required pressnre, and

clasp the disk firmlyy between the socket 14C and form' E, the disk and socket rotatingwith the form. On power heilig applied, the socket rotates on the vend of the mandrel f3,.and a tightening screw, 15, may be used, to bind the mandrel tight in the tnbnlarbearingf. These being the means of securing and rotating the form or mold and the disk, the means of sus taining and moving the tool to operate on the sheet are next to be described.`

lg is a gear-wheel near the end of the man- :bolted on the back ot' the bed B, formed with a at top, as seen in Fig. 5, and with a rabbet Abetween it and the slide 1, to' pass ,the slidel 35, and this bracket q has a flange, 47, at each end, on the top of each of which is a bolt, 48, that passes through a slot, 49, near each end of a pattern guide plate, q', and nuts and washers on the bolt48 secure the plate q' to the bracket q after the pattern-plate q( has been adjusted horizontally to the proper place, the slots 49 allowing of this adj ustnicnt, which is effected accnratclyas follows: 53 are two ears on the outside faces of each ange 47, that receive a screw, 52, at each end of the bracket q, standing horizontallyr and at right angles to the slides 1, and these screws 52 pass through the ears 53, and are kept in place, but are allowed to turn, by a pin behind the'outcr ear, 53, or other convenient means; and around each screw 52 is a nut, 5l, that has a pinentering a hole, 50, near each end of the guide-plate q', so that by turning the screws 52 the plate can be adjusted horizontally, and into a nearly parallel line with the front side of the form then in use; and the nuts and washers on the bolts 4S retain the pattern Q firmly in place. Through this plate q isa slot, 54, of nearly the half-sectional shape of the, form E, and receiving a roller 55, on a strong pin, 56, near the back end of the slide p.

The operation of these parts is as follows: The operator disconnects the pinion P from the wheel n by removing the-blocking-piece 33, and ruiis the slide p back by unscrewing the screw o by the hand-wheel n, at the saine time ruiming the slide rest ol and parts connected back by the handle o andpinion o* taking the rack 39,thc,roller 55 runningin the slot 54 niitil it reaches, or nearly so, its back end. ot' the screw 44, moving the slide p and tool r back ont of the way. He then places a blank of metal in the machine, and secu'resitagainst the moldn E, as before described. He then runs the slide p up, so that the tool takes against the disk of metal with the required degree of pressure. The-proper point to which thc tool isthus projected is determined by marks on the slide-rest p2 and slide pi', 4or by a -scrcw-clainp (which is preferable) on the slide, p, so that when the tool r is projectedL Ato tlieproper place the clamp takes against the end ofthe rest p2. f

throughthe ruiter-wheels l and l* and wheel.

l?, to the pinion l, which the workman connects tol the wheel a by the lcvenm and blocking-pieccl, which rotates the screwshaft o, arranging' the slide p toward the front ot' the machine. The tool r, standing near the socket 14, commences to operate the disk, and

if no other power operated Yon the slide pthe rlhe operator now turns the handle ,until the iiut42 runs oli' thescrew o.

of the journal 34 is then taken offand .thescrew o and parts attached'eiiti-rely removed. Aftertlie removal of the forni E the second `tool r would be dra .vii out at air-ight angle to the slides 1 but ihe roller 55, bein gdrawn forward in the slot 54, moves-tile slide p, rest o1, and part attached toward the mandrel-head C, the shaft K sliding through the pinion but bein g still'rotated by the key and slot 28. The form of this slot 54 is such, and the patpresses the disk of met-al vregularly as itis tern-plate q is so adjusted, that the tool comrotated vwith the form E operating on the disk to draw it to the shape ofthe form, gradnal] y thinnjngiit from the center of the bottom,

and, the operation proceeding, the slot 54 causes the tool to draw the metal gradually thinner from the center until the edge is extended to the shape of the 'orin E, and as thin as required in this first operation. It should be here remarked that the disks or blanks shaped by these means should be smaller than in the ordinary stamping process, as the extension and thinning of the top of the kettle brings it to the proper shape and size with considerable smaller blanks or disks. The blank disk of metal having thus undergone the Iirst operation, the slides pirand tool r are to be run back out of the way, the manpartially formed and annealed the machinel is altered; or another or successive set of ina- 'ehines inay'eii'ect' the succeeding operations,

the machines being constructed precisely the same as has been described up to t liis poiit, 'with the exception of the changeable parts rhereafter set forth; but for the sake of clearness, we will suppose the present machine to have the following parts brought into action, and the machine adjusted as follows The first pattern-plate q isremowd by taking olf the nuts from the screws 48, and thev screw o is unscrewed by the hand-wlieel n The cap forln E' is put on the chuck e, (see Fig. 6,) and adjusted so as to ru'n true'.

p1, and the column given a partial rotation to tlieposit-ion shown in Fig. 6, and the bolts 43 I pnt into asecond set of holes to holdA the column pl secure in place. The tool 'r and nuts and clamps 46 being removed,a block, t, is to be set over the bolts .45, and the follower 46 and nutsagain replaced. This block t isniade with ears, forming bushes for a shaft, 67, on the end a 62, and this plate is adjusted horizontally, as

The bolts 43 A are to be removed from the flan ge ofthe column 3,996l l y .5

before, bythe holes G4 taking the pins 51, so

that the edges of the slot 62 are nearly parallel with the front side of the mold El, but so as to make the metal thinnest near the top of the kettle, and this plate s is secured in place by the nuts on the bolts 4S.

A clamp is now brought to bear to take motion from the screw il, previously referred to. The way of effecting this will be seen in Fig. 5, wherein rl is a flange on the under side of the slide ol, descending and having an eye, 57, to pass the screw il,and through the side of the eye 57 is a mortise taking a slide screw-clamp, 53, that corresponds to the threads of screw il. 59 is a lilik connected to the clamp 58 and to un arm, 60, passing through a slot in the tlan ge rl, and formed with a small shaft sitting in a hole formed in the flange rl and bed ol, which shaft has on its outer end a lever, r2. It will new be seen that when the .lever r2 is in the position shown in Fig. 5 the clamp 58 is disconnected from the 'screw il which rotates iu the hole 58 without moving any of the parts; but when the lever r2 is raised up, and the hlocking-pieee 61 on the slide ovl` placed under the end ot the lever, the screw-clamp 58 is brought against the screw i l, whichis kept from bending by the eye 57, and communicates motion tothe slide ol and parts attached, to move them ineither direction,according to which way the screw il is rotated bythe gearing from the mandrel r'. The kettle, partially formed, as described in the foregoing, is new to be clamped lir'mly a gainst the form El. The bottom of this form El is the same shape as the form E, the sides heilig brought nearly parallel, the cavity in the socket 14 placingv the partiallyl'ormed kettle centrally lin the lathe, and securing it onto the form El, as before. The slideresto is now to he run back by the handle o until the roller 68 comes nearly opposite the com meucement of the side of the frame 111', and the slidcp-l, withits roller, is to be forced against the partially-formed kettle by the screw 44 to the required point, which may be determined by a gage or clamp, as before. The lever 'r2 is now raised, and the blocking-piece 61 pnt under it, the gear-wheels from themandrel c to the screw il being set so as to rotate the shaft il in-the direction to draw the slide ol and parts toward the mandrel-head U. The power now being applied rotates the form and partially-shaped kettle, and screws the'slides ol and' p with the roller 68 'gradually toward the chuck e, the slot 62 giving pressure through the roller 55, slide, p, and column pl, by the roller (Syou the kettle, and this roller, turning as the kettle and form are rotated, compresses and extends the metal ,till it sits closegonto,`

and is of the shape of,the form'El, and extended also in the length ot the sides, while the mouth of the kettle has been decreased in diameter. The mandrel j ll being withdrawn', the kettle is removed, as before, and the slide-rest run back by changing the direction in which the screw il rotates, or by disconnecting the clamp 58, and running back by the handle o, and the to use them as herein set forth.

parts brought to bear on another partially-` formed kettle, as before.v A

It will-now be seen that, according to the size of the kettle, it will be necessary to have forms that will draw'the mouth of the kettle gradually smaller, bringing the sides nearer parallel. A The conical sides of the mold being straight, all that is necessary is to have the pattern-plate s with its slot 62 so adjusted that the slot stands nearly parallel with the side ofthe form at the point where the roller operates on the kettle, without the necessity of having a pattern-platefor cach forni; but it is seldom necessary to use more than four or tive forms to produce the largest size complete kettles. In the drawing only three forni's are shown, the third form El, which produces the complete kettle, being shown in Fi g.7 with the pattern guide-plate q' and slot so adjusted that the slot 62 is nearly parallel with the front side ofthe form El, and this ligure needs no further explanation, the mode ot' working and operation being the salneas lastdescribed and it may here be stated that the roller can be applied with the tirst form, or the tool r in the subsequent operations, although it is preferred A And in this arrangement the angle formed between the bottom and sides ot' the kettle is not reduced in thickness, the roller commencing to operate with scarcely any pressure at this point, but gradually compressing the met/almere and more as it operates nearer the top of the kettle.

Kettles or like articles of metal have herctofore been compressed into shape -by dies, and, it' of conical lor spheroidal form, they were also burnished by machinery. -No claim is therefore made to thev combination of the two processes of stamping and burnishing; but a kettle made of metal stretched into form at the same time it is compressed and thinned between two metallic surfaces, similar`to rolling a dat sheet, was and is new with the said v HAYDEN.

What is therefore here claimed as the inventiou of the said Hum-M W. HAYDEN, is as follows:

, 1. A kettle or other similar metallic article or vessel made from'a single sheet or flat disk or blank of metal stretched and compressed so as to eiteudLtbe sheet into its ultimate form, f

by the process substantially as herein set forth. y t

' 2. A kettle or other similar metallic article or vessel, having itsgreatest thickness at vthe bottom and thinned or gradually reduced in thickness toward the top, hy the process substantially as set forth. y

In testimony whereof have hereuntofsct my hand and atti xed the seal ol'the saidWA'rER- BURY BnAss COMPANY, iu the presence of two subscribing witnesses. l

TATERBURY vBRASS COMPANY, By J. C. VVELTON, Pres-ident.

NVitnesses HARRIS M CKEEVER,v ALB/ERT M. SEcoR.

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