USRE192E - Improvement in cutting stone - Google Patents

Description

'UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE;I

J. D. BUZZELL, 0F CAPE ELIZABETH, MAINE.

MACHINE FOR CUTTING, DRESSING, AND POLISHING ALL KINDS 0F STON.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 192, dated J une 21836'; Ressued May 15; 1887.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, JOHN D. BUzznLL, of Cape Elizabeth, inthe county of Cumberland and State of Maine, have inventeda new and useful Machine for Cutting, Dressing, Grooving, Beading, and Polishing- Granite, Marble, and other Stone; and I do hereby declare the following as la full and.

exact description of the same.

My invention consists in part ofan oblong square frame standing oii upi'i lit posts a of any length, width, `and height tiat may be desired.

My machine which I have invented and put in operation consists of a frame eighteen feet long, four feet wide, including the tiin- 1 the lateral rails or beams with cross piecesA on the to of the same dimensions marked Gr, and a so cross pieces marked E at the height of the lateral rails, .and at the sills. At spaces nearlyl equally distant from each other between the head pieces or bends there are placed two pairs of upright posts marked C, at each end six inches by eight mortised so as to receive the tenons of the lateral rails or beams with cross pieces on the top of the same dimensions marked G, and also cross pieces marked E at the height of the lateral rails and at the sills. At spaces nearly equally distant Vfrom each other between the head pieces or bends there arc placed two pairs of upright posts marked D on each sidel of the frame under thc lateral rails,.with 'a s ace between the pairs of eight inches for t e pur ose of receiving a transverse beam marke I so constructed between each of these pairs of upright posts as to receive and support the platform on which is placed' the stone, marble 'or other 'material to be operated upon. That part of the machine between the pairs of posts land head pieces or bends of ,the frame at the ends are strengthened b twelve small braces marked H. Between t. e pairs of posts that are inserted in the sills and lateral rails there are laced transversely and immovably on a lev with the sills, two beams marked I", made of white oak or other solid wood, eight inches square, six feet and l XO/es s six inches long projecting on eachsi'cle of the frame fifteen inches. Exactly over these transversebeams there are insertedby dovetail and secured by "ointvbolts to the lateral rails a piece of har wood marked J of the same material as the transverse beam below,

projecting fifteen inches on theoutsideof the lateral rails aforesaid conforming insize and shape to tlie projections of the transverse beams or immovable pieces below. In

Doe NO".

each end of these transverse beams or `sills there is inserted an iron cup or fstcpf formed so as to receive the end of an upri lit screw marked Z and' prevent the end o it from sinking into the wood. This step is about eight inches from the outside ofthe frame and in the center of the transverse beam. In the ends of the corresponding pieces exactly over the ends of these transverse beams or sills and also over the cups or steps there are inserted cast l'iron boxes for the purpose of securing and receiving the upper ends of the upright screw. -Tlie cu s or steps are made of a hardmetallic su stance of vsuch composition as not to wear rough by the 4turning of the screw. These screws are four in number, four 'feet long, and two inches in diameter, cut withv a suare thread, one lend restingin the 'step a oresaid, and the other -in the box above.

Two-thirds of the lower part of thcsc screws are threaded and near the upper end and above the threaded part of the screw there is inserted two holes through eachvscrew. at right angles to each other for the purpose of receiving an ronlever to turn the screw. These screws are `for the purpose of raising or lowering the stone or other material tobe operated upon. l e.

Exactly over thc lower transverse beams or sills, marked on the annexed drawin F, and between the pairs of upright posts t ere are mar ed'I as aforesaid six :feet six inches in length and six inches square Vthrough the laced the two transverse sills or beams..

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ends of which pass the upright-screws... The' ends of these transverse movable beams' rest' on nuts as represented in section 5, lettervI-I, through which pass the screws `made ottA cast iron or other composition so constructed by ilo 4 screw. Thus when the screw vrevolves. the

wide and is made 'ofvwhite oak or other knobs andv these knobs are inserted in boxes v strong wood with cross pieces marked L five inches square overlaid with iron plates for the purpose of holding the stone, marble or other material to be operated upon.

upright iron posts ten inches lonff and one and a half inches indjameter which posts rest on steps in the transverse movable timbers. On each end of these posts are round or steps of east iron or other composition which boxes or steps are conlined to the frame or platform by screws and the transverse beams below. Over each box or' step there is a cover of the same material with a circular hole through its center suliiciently large to receive the--main-fbody .of the post. and admit of a variation in any direction.

This cover is fastened tothe lower part Vof the step by fourrscrews so that `it confines the post in the step by means of the knob on the end. Bymeans of this kind of joint one part of the platform may be raised or lowered without iniury to the other part.

fastened into a loop in the iron bar by means The granite, -mar le or other stone is con fined upon the platforx'n'by means of two iron bars seven feet long, two inches-and a half wide and three quarters of an inch thick, running parallel with the side rails, and exactly over the sides of the platform. When .the stone is placed upon the latform these iron bars. are firmly 5 ressedp against each side of it by means o screws which pass through the side rails marked W4 and of a nut. A- sectional drawing of the iron bar the loop and the screw is represented at section eight 'on the plan-hereunto annexed. On the inside of the top beamsorlateral railsthere is grooved or rabbeted a .piece three inches square extending the whole length ofthe rail. In this space and near the' middle-of it, is placed 'an iron rail .an

inch and one' half 'high and seven eighths of v an inch inthickness.V The upper part of this rail isbeveled and upon the inside'dge of this ruilt-here isa projection downward Ion the inside of the side rails, beveled similar .to the. upper part of. the rail. On these' rails 'l is placed -a movable carriagefour Afeet'ten' inces in length,v two feet three inches in height.'-` i This carriage is bound down to the*Av This platform is'supported at each end by four rail by means of friction rollers connected with projecting irons that are attached to the lower sills of the carriage to prevent it from rising While operating upon stone. These rollers are so adapted as to conform to the bevel of the rail that projects downward as before described. The width is such as to conform to the rails on which it runs. This movable carriage is made of white oak or other strong wood and the fastenings are made with joint bolts. In the lower timbers of this movable carriage which are about five inches square there are placed and fastened upon the underlpart of the same four iron casters or rollers upon which vthe carriage moves. These rollers are so adapted as to vconform to the bevel of the iron rail. There are upright standards marked S tenoned into the sill and top piece of this movable frame six inches wide and three inches thick for the purpose of securing the shafts and gudgeons to be described hereafter. There must be as many upright standards for the purpose of securing the shafts and gudgeons in the movable frame, on each side as there are number of cylinders to' be put in operation at one time, and for each standard on one side of the movable frame o'r carriagethere must be a corresponding standard on the other side of the frame. A space three inches wide 'and about one foot lon is 'cut throughthe lower part of theseupri'ght standards, with the exception of the standards that support the `cutting cylinders, so-that thev upperv part o f the standard is entire and the lower part' formed into two branches, one and a 'half inches wide each. In this open space is inserted a slide box threeinches wide and three inches thick, grooved. on each side, so as to receive the half of an iron bolt, one half inch in diameter on each side of the sliding box passing through the upright standard and running along the inside space projecting so as to pass'into the groove of-the sliding box, and-prevent it from running in any direction except upward and downward. This slide boxis about ve inchesl long. Through this box there-is made a mortise three-fourths of an-inch wide and one half aninch high extending through the sliding :box and in a direction across the movable carriage. The' upper part of this mortise is one half or three fourths of an inch from the to of the slidngbox. A round hole is ma e in the top of the sliding box and through thatpart of i-t-between the mortise aforesaid and the. top. v Throughzxhe. whole length of that part of the standard abovethe space cut out ofit as aforesaid and through the circular hole inthe sliding box is-inserted a screw three fourths of an -inch in diameter'and'about two feet long. 4On

the end of this screwthere is a nut made 'large enough to fill the whole space of the mortise, which nut receives the screw as it passes downward through the hole in the top of the sliding box, and by this means the sliding box and the screws are connected.

The middle of this long screw is also thread-.

ed but in an opposite direction from the thread of the screw at the end where it is in serted into the nut in the sliding box. A large nut is placed in the upright standard through which the middle of the screw works, so that when the screw revolves, the nut in the mortise of the slide box revolves with it, and raises .and depresses the slidin box at pleasure. These screws are turne by means of an iron lever, which .passes through a hole or loop atthe top. They are made to project above the top of the, movablc carriage, when screwed down as far as desirable, about four inches. These sliding boxes on that side of the movable carriage opposite to the ar shaft are constructed with a composition nut two inches square inserted in a square mortise through the middle of the box. Through this nut passes a square threaded screw, one inch and a half in diameter and eight' inches in length projecting inside of the movable carriage three inches, on the end of which is a. gudgeon to be inserted in a step on one end'of the shaft of the cylinder. On the gear of this movable carriage there are inserted in upright standards as before described slide boxes divided into two parts and coupledtogether with screws as will appear at the mark on the upright standards 1- Amade to operate as the formcr through which and into which in slide boxes placed in upright standards in the jet corresponding exactly to the ear side of the movable carriage, there is a s aft or shafts on which there are placed pulleys or wheels fifteen inches in diameter, larger or smaller as speed is required,^so.construct ed as to use a belt chain or rope to put the machinery in operation. The corresponding jet or rojectlon is seven inches from the e of the movable carriage and is made for the urpose of supporting and securing the en of the shafts on which the pulleys or wheels are placed and for other purposes hereafter described. This jet corresponds exactly to the gear side of thc movable carriage and in the sliding boxes there are placed composition bearings in order to receive the ends .of the shafts,l and there are placed also in the slide boxes on the gear side of the movablecarriage composition boxes through which the shafts pass. This jet is fastened to the gear side of the movable carriage by joint bolts and hardwood timbers. 'On the inside of the movable frame and in the ends of the several shafts connected as before described in the-iet, are couplings so formed that they wil into corresponding couplings on the ends of the shafts of the cylinders, and thus give gear si mesh-A to the cylinders the motion required. The gudgeonl on the other side of the frame is mserted into` a box in the end of the shaft of the cylinder by which means the cylinders are geared and ungeared at pleasure.

The cylinders are made of cast iron, stone and wood. The drum of the cast iron cylinder. is one inchthick and connected to the shaft by cast ironspid'er's. Around those madeof cast iron as marked X is set spirally-one orumore rows of iron sockets asl represented -at section 1, on the drawing hereunto annexed, fastened and secured in the drum, by a nut screwed to the end of the socket. These sockets project a little on the outer surface of the cylinder and in them is inserted a chisel or cutter as represented at section 2 securedby a thumb screw or springas represented at. section 1, letter o. Tools for beading, molding"I and rooving used with this cylinder vare fastene inthe same manner as the vchisels or cutters. The chisels or cutters are. so formedand set in the sockets that .the rotary motion of tbc cylinder brings the edge of it to strike'upon tie stone in such a manner as to cut the stone, and dress and polish it fit for build- The sockets before alluded to are' cast ironV with an oblong square hole through the head or projection as represented section l Figf32. This hole is about three-eighths of an inch wide and from' one-halfto threefourths of an inch long for the purpose of receiving the 'shaft of the chisel or cutter as represented section 2 Fig. .33.` A side view ofthe socket and the chisel separate from each other are iven in the drawing hereunto annexed mared sections 1 and 2. On both" sides of the tenons of the cutters or other tools to be used in the sockets there are small notches or grooves one-eighth of an inch deep and large enouo'h to receive the end of a small screw as before described aboutV three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter which is inserted in the end of the socket for the purpose of fastening the cliisels or cuttersinto the socket.

The chisel or cutter independent of the shaft .is in the form-of an acute angled triangle. The part from which the shaft. projects is the baseand the other two sides may be vdenominated the legs as in the drawing hereunto annexedv an marked sectionA 2. The' socket which is. adapted to this 13 chisel is constructed as will a ear inthe drawing marked sect. 1. The-olblbng square gh the'head of this hole that passes throu socketdoes not passV diametrically `through it,-but asses diagonallyv through the head ofA `the soc et. The advantage of this kind of chisel or cutter is that when' the 4upper part of it is wornjof; by use 'it may be taken from the; socket and turned with the other ,Side up', -bywhch means-'a sharp edge ism presented and thus the chisels may be turned till they become so short that they will be unfit for use..

The stone cylinders are to be used for the purpose of indin down and polishing granites mar le an other stone and are of various dimensions. AOne of the cylinders made of wood -is covered `with leather overlaid' with em'ery, and is used for the purpose of `grinding dressing andpolishing granite-inarble or other stone. The-other cylinders made of wood are overlaid with map or other cloth and are used as polishers of marble or other stone by applying crocus putty or suc'h other materials as are used for polishing. The cylinders may be used separately or in such numbers as are convenient. They'are geared into the movable carriage by an iron coupling at one end, to be connected with' a .couplinr on the shaft, and an iron or composition rbearing in the other end into which is inserted the gudg'eon as before described in relation to the iron cylinder.

The whole machinery it putin motion by means of cog wheels chains bands or ropes connected with the moving power; .when

chains bands or ropes are used the machinery is set in motion by means of the chains bands or` ropes passing over-two wheels or pulleys as represented on each end of the carriage at letters Txand U,.the shafts of which pulleys run across the main. frame at eachend and -connected thereto. by .composition boxes in which'the shafts run so that the whcelsor pulleys revolve-on the outer side of the frame in range with the wheels or pulleys connected to the shafts in the gear side of the movable carriage. The shafts of the main pulleys or wheels at the ends of the frame are of wrought iron about two inchesin diameter and about four feet six inches long. One of the shafts is" connected with and passesthrough sliding boxes made on the same principle was are the 'sliding boxes in `the upright, standards before. described. These boxes are -coniined tothe top rails in such/a manner .as to move only backward and forward by means of ascrew and are used for the purpose of tightening or loosening the b and .chain or ropere i quired for moving the machinery. This sliding box and screw are represented at section 4,- gnre The movable 'carringe with the cylinders are carried by a screw or by` a combination of cog-wheels operating ona c og rail. This 'screw'.4 is repeter .on 4which there are six threads to en inch and is'connectedA to the main frame by inserting-'each end into a ,composition boxor bearing, which boxes or bearings are connected to the side rails of the frame so that thescrews run along parallel with the rail on the gear side of the frame (and if necessary a similar screw on the opposite side) by the side of the movable carriage. On the end of this-long screw there is placed a cog wheel six inches in diameter. An iron shaft twelve inches long is fastened into two upright irons called jacks so confined t0 the timber marked E on the annexed drawing as to form two bearings for the ends of the twelve inch shaft/ Near one end of this shaft there is a cog wheel eight inches in diameter which meshes into the cog wheel on the end of the screw.l On the other end of this short shaft there is a bur geared cog wheel of the same dimensions which operates upon and is operated upon by two bevel geared cog wheels which are connected to the main shaft by av barrel sixteen inches in length, large enough to slide over the large shaft that passes across the head of the frame. This barrel is confined to Athe main shaft by a key or boltwhich passes through the shaftv andjan oblong mortise in the barrel.v The mortise being longer than the Width of the key -or bolt, this barrel being operated upon by a lever, slides back and forward on the main shaft, and thus either one or the other ofthe bevel geared cogwheels are made to mesh in with the bevel geared cog wheel-on the short shaft -aforesaid and` turns the screw the way described. By this kind of gear the carriage can be carried back orA forward. A section drawing of the aforesaid cog wheels is seen at ligs.A 6 and 7.

The long screw, before described, passes through a nut divided into two parts, vmarked a a b b, Fig. 7, and so constructed as to open bymeans of' a spring, and shut together and become closed upon the screw by means of an iron clasp.' The drawing hereunto annexed, at section 7, prevents` a4 view of each part of this nuti. Through the ends of the long projections of this nut there is a round hole, as at letters f, in which Athere is'a bolt which fastens oth parts of these long projections to the sill (marked o) .of-the movable carriage, as will be seen in the sectional drawing before described. On the outer parts' of the nut there are two other curved projections, marked o, c, d, d,

i made to conformexactly to: a section of the iinside projection, A and which extend ont about eightv inches. The last described projections', and the section of thosejmside that -correspond to them form a curve of a radius twelve" inches in length, exclusive of the' width of the nut. The clasp that is used to 4close, the nut-is of iron, :1s-represented at Lthe letters marked g '(1, and is large enough to surround the nut, from the upper part of :which there is an iron handle, or pro] ection,

one foot long, and secured to the u per end by'being bolted to a piece of iron p ate, fastened to the upright standards in the movable carriage. The handle, or rojection to this clasp, 1s one inch wide an one half an inch thick. The clasp is forced backward and forward by a lever, whose fulcrum is fastened to the ltimber marked W, on the jet, and whose short arm is attached to the handle or projection near the clasp. The projections of the nut incline toward each other, as they extend from the main part of the nut, so that they are formed somewhat like a wedge,'and thus the nut is closed when the clasp is forced up to the large part. When this nut is closed upon t e screw, the carriage is carried forward or backward by the revolution of the screw; and when the nutl is open, the movable carriage may be voperated upon by the cog wheels and cog rail, hereafter to be'described.

On each side of the main vframe are placed upon the side rails, cog rails, fourteen feet. long, one inch and a half wide, into whichv meshes cog wheels so constructed as to bel geared and ungeared at leasure, so that the carriage may be carrie back with accelerated speed when necessary, as representedat section 9 on the drawing hereunto annexed. After the cylinder has passed over the stone,

.by means of the screw, the nut may be unclasped and the cog wheels broughtin contact with the co rail; and thus the whole carriage moved ack in a short space of time. The wheel that meshes into the cog rail is moved by a cog wheel, that revolves on one of the shafts that move a cylinder, as will appear from the drawing hereunto annexed, at section 9.

Themovable carriage may be carried backward and forward by worm screws, and worm wheels, in` the manner following.

The worm screws are attached to the shaft of the wheel connected tothe iron cylinder and projecting on the outside of the 'et This worm screw is two and a half inc es in diameter and o rates vu on and moves worm wheels one a ove an two below the worm screw. The upper and lower wheels I [Fnzsr Panama-1914.] p

are attached to two shafts two feet and a. half long and two inches in diameter running Aparallel with the carriage and secured at the end near the worm wheels by iron boxes made fast to one of the upright standards, the other ends of the shafts Vpass through an iron with an opening sufficiently large for the shaft to slide up and down, so that the worm screw at the end of the shaft may be geared to the worm wheels above, or below, as the are raised upward or depressed. The shaft on which is placed the cog wheel that meshes into the cog rail passes across the movable carriage and on the other end is another cog-whe@ which also meshes into a cog' rail; and when they revolve, they carry the movable carriage. The horizontal shafts, above described, being thus permanently fixed `at one end, and being at the other end so constructed as to rise and fall, are moved up and down so that either the upper or lower horizontal shaft can be brought in contact with the worm screw. These shafts are moved up and down by a leverfattached to an upright iron plate, through which the ends of the horizontal shafts are fastened by a round bearin so that by raising or depressing the arm o the lever, the iron' plate, in which .operated upon and the arrangement of the machinery for moving vand revolving the cylinders and movin the carriage.

- J HN DBUZZELL. Witnesses:

WILLIAM CU'rrEn, JOHN Mmmm.

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