USRE19273E - Machine tool - Google Patents

Description

Re. y19,273

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MACHINE Toor.

Alexander berho'ken, Rockford, Ill., assignor to The Ingersoll Milling Machine Company, Rockford, Ill., a corporation of Illinois Original No. 1,902,179, dated March 21, 1933, Serial No. 537,569, May l5, 1931. Application for re-v issue October 11, 1933, Serial No. 693,159

4s claims. (ci.A zei-2s) In those industries employing mass production` changeable tool u`nit therefore becomes a mamethods for machining metal parts, the machine 'chine tool which for the most part is standardtools'required for such operations as milling, borized in construction excepting perhaps the less ing, drilling, and tapping are in most instances, 'expensive tool unit part thereof.

' 5 built on special order at considerable expense. On this basis not only is the cost of the ma- 30 Frequently changes are made in the design chine to the customer less compared to a maof the work` to be machined which requires a chine built on special order, but when the changechange-over in the design of the machine tool overs are required, only the tool unit part of the to adapt it to the new 'design of the work. 'Ihese machine need be converted while the saddleunit change-overs are costly as the machine tool must will remain the same. 65 be rebuilt to an extent dependingv upon the f Further objects and advantages will appear changes made in the design of the work and the hereinafter as the description proceeds with refer- 'adaptability of themachine for the change. ence to the accompanying drawings.

The present invention has for one of its impor- In said drawings: .15 tant objects the provision of a standardized sad- Figure 1 is a view in side elevation of one form 70 die unit with accommodations for detachably. of saddle unit showing the same equipped with mounting any one of several different intera two-spindle milling unifi; changeable tool units v thereto. The tool unit Figure 2 is a fragmentary View illustrating the being equipped for some 'one particular machinapplication of a drilling unit to the same saddle 20. ing operation and being either standardized for assembly;

this particular operation or at least so constructed Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 showing that it may be economically changed over to the application of another tool unit with the same meet the requirements of changes in the design of saddle; the work. Figure 4 is a horizontal section taken on the Another feature of the invention is the proline 4 4, Figure l; 80

vision of a self-contained saddle unit assembly Figure 5 is a view in section taken on the line l with accommodations for detachably mounting 5-5, Figure 4; any one of several diil'erent interchangeable tool Figure 6 iS e View in Section taken 0n the line units and having .built into the saddle, a motorized 6-6,'Figure 4; feed and drive mechanism, electrical equipment Figure 7 is a view in section taken on the line 85 and feed rate mechanism. 7-'l, Figure 5; A

'Still another feature of the vinvention is the Figure 8 iS a View in Section taken 0n the line provision of a saddle unit in which any one or .8-8, Figure 5;` more of the foregoing mechanisms may be built Figure 9 is a view'in section taken on the line into the saddle unit with other of the mecha- 9--9, Figure 8: 90 nlsms provided for apart from unit. As an ex- I Figure 10 is a view similar to Figure 9, but ample instead of producing a wholly self-conshowing the position the DarifSWill assume When tained saddle unit with means for accommodatthe clutch is in? ing a tool unit, only the drive need be included as Figure 11 is a view partlin Section 0f the 40. a built-in feature with the remaining operating control drum; 95

rand control mechanisms positioned at a remote Figure 12 is a View in Section taken 0n the line station. 12-12, Figure 11; Y

With such an organization, `one standardized Figure 13 1S a View in Section taken 0n the line saddle unit will accommodate either a milling 1313,Flgure 8;

tool'unit, a drilling unit, a boring unit, or a tap- `Figure 14 is a View in horizontal section of a 100 ping unit. modified' type of saddle unit;

To more clearly outline the advantages of the Figure 151s a view in section taken on the line invention, itI will be considered that an auto-l 15-15, Figure 14, and;v mobile plant has a production line-up for ma- Figures 16 and 17 are electric'circuits for the chining cylinder blocks. Such a line-up would two forms of saddle units. 105

include one voi' these standardized saddles for each Referring now to the drawings in detail, 5 vof the operations employed. One saddle would be represents the saddle unit and 6 one of the interequipped with amilling unit, another with a drillchangeable tool units. `For the present showing, ing unit, another with a boring unit, and another excepting in Figures 2 and 3, a two-spindle milling with a tapping unit. lEach saddle with its lntcrunit has been selected to illustrate 'the applica- 110 Ation of the invention. The tool unit is mounted upon the saddle unit in a cradle-like right angle v frame defined by the lines a-b. Bolts being preferably used to saddle.

This head assembly may be mounted for translation on either vertical or horizontal ways as required. In the present showing, horizontal ways 7 are shown. The ways 8 on the saddle unit which slide upon the Ways 7 extend the length of the saddle to provide as long a bearing surface as possible and in this connection, it should be noted that the ways on the saddle unit extend under the tool unit for the lengththereof.

'Ihe feed or translation of the head assembly is preferably realized by a pinion 9 carried by the saddle in constant mesh with a rack 10. The rack 10 is preferably fixed relatively to the supporting frame and extends parallel with the support ways 7. y

The driv'e for the tool spindle or spindles, as the case may be, is effected by a gear l1 carried by the saddle to mesh with a gear in the spindle drive in the tool unit.

Before going further with the details of the assembly, attention will be called to the two selfcontained forms illustrated. In both of these forms, the operating and control mechanism is built in. In Figures l' to 13 inclusive, one embodiment ofthe invention is shown and another embodiment is shown in Figures 14 and l5, In Figure 16 a circuit is shown for the form in Figures 1 to 13 and in Figure 17 a circuit is shown rigidly hold the tool unit on the for the form in Figures 14 and 15. The same tool units may be used with either form of saddle unit. 'I'he form illustrated in Figures 1 to 13 will be first described in detail. 12 represents a combined drive and feed motor. The drive mechanism comprises a shaft 13 having a bearing support 14 adjacent the motor and a second bearing support l5 in the end wall 16 of the saddle housing. Carried on the end of the shaft 13 in advance of the bearing 15 is a spur gear 17 which is in constant mesh with an internal ring gear 18. 'I'he gear 18 is splined on the end 19 of the countershaft 20. 'Ihe reduced opposite end 21 'of the shaft 20 is mounted with freedom of rotation in the anti-friction bearing 22. Also splined on the end 19 of the shaft 20 is the bevel gear 11, heretofore generally mentioned. The gear 1l meshes with a companion bevel gear 23 keyed or otherwise fixed on the end of a'short countershaft 24. The shaft 24 is mounted at one end in an anti-friction bearing 25, accessible by removing the cover 26 and adjacent its opposite end in a similar bearing 27. The bearing 25 is set in the removable plate 28 and the bearing 27 is set in the web 29 of the tool unit housing 6.

Mounted on the shaft 24 is a spur gear 30 which meshes with a larger spur gear 31 splined on one of the tool spindles 32. 'I'he gear 31 is set in anti-friction bearings 33. Threaded into a sub-plate 34 is a cap 35 for the end of the spindle. 'I'he tool spindle extends through the quill 36 and is fixed in driving relationvwith the tool adapter.

The quill is slidably mounted in thesleeve 37 formed as an integral part of the tool unithousing 6. When the tool unit is built for two spindles as in the present showing, a duplicate quill 38 and a duplicate spindle 39 is provided. Splined on the spindle 39 is a gear 40, see Figure 15, which meshes with the gear 31. The second tool spindle 39 is thus driven off the gear 31. The cap 35 is made to also enclose the end of the spindle 39.

The quills 36 and 38 are equipped to be individually fed in and out by the pinions41 and 42 which mesh with the rack faces on the quills. These pinions are fixed on shafts which are mounted in cylinder housings 43 and 44 and the exposed ends 45 and 46 of the shafts are squared for the reception of hand cranks. I

The foregoing explains the assembly of the combined tool unit and saddle when a two-spindle milling unit is employed. Now to convert the unit into a drill as indicated in Figure 2, the milling tool unit 6 is removed and; the drilling unit 6a is substituted. Here the countershaft 20 is equipped with a spur gear 11a in lieu of the bevel gear 11. The gear 1la is made to mesh with a driven gear in the tool spindle drive. This gear drive for the tools may be arranged in any manner suitable for the purpose and thespresent showing is made to show the universal use of the saddle unit.

Another type of tool unit is shown in Figure 3; here again a different tool unit 6b is substituted. The drive in this instance being taken off the spur gear 11b on the end of the countershaft 20.

The only requirements for the tool units' to I drive and feed. The feed mechanism comprises.

a bevel driving gear 47 mounted coaxially with the shaft 13 in advance of the anti-friction bearing 14. This bevel gear meshes with a large bevel gear 48. on the end of a jack-shaft 49. The shaft 49 is lsupported in anti-frictionbearings50 and 5l which are in turn mounted at opposite ends of a sleeve housing 52.

On the far endv of the shaft 49 is a pinion 53 in mesh with a-gear 54. The gear 54` is mounted on a stud shaft in xed relation to the gear 55 which meshes with a relatively large gear 56 on the end of the worm shaft 57. .An oil pump 58 is driven by this feed gearing and serves to lubricate the bearings and gearing in 1the saddle through piping (not shown).

The feed gearing is supported withinV the housing by a plate 59 which is formed as an integral part of the sleeved housing 52.y 'I'he gearing is accessible from theoutside of lthe housing by removal of a 'cover 6U.

The worm 61 on the shaft 57 meshes with the worm gear 62 which serves as an orbit gear in a planetary system. In this connection the worm gear is made with offset internal teeth 63 with which one set of planets 64 mesh. The planets 64 are mounted free on planet shafts 65, the ends of which being fixed in the floating spider 66. The planets are also in mesh with the sun gear 67 which is generated on the end of the largest diameter of the shaft 68 of the rapid traverse motor 69 which is of the reversible type for the purpose of providing rapid approach and rapid return feed motions of the machine element actuated by the power unit. The spider is floated Within an apron 70 on the orbit gear 62 which in turn is journaled in the casing 71. This casing is made with an enclosure for the worm .61' and is bolted to the boss 72. As shown in Figure 7, the end of the worm shaft 57 is supported in an anti-friction bearing 73 which in turn is supported in the end of the enclosure for the worm. Also mounted with freedom of rotation on the planet shafts is a second set of planets 74, each of which mesh with a floating orbit gear and a fixed orbit 76. The floating orbit 75 carries the pinion 9. The rapid traverse motor shaft 68 is piloted in the spider 66 and the spider is piloted in the floating orbit 75.

Extending through the rapid traverse motor shaft 68 is a smaller control shaft 77.. Oneend of this shaft is keyed to the pinion 9 and its opposite end carries a gear 78 which meshes with an idler gear 79 which in turn meshes with a larger gear. 80 on the end of a control drum 81. The shaft 82 for this drum is mounted in the web 83 so that the drum is free to revolve on its shaft when driven by the gear 80. v

The drum 81 is fashioned with a plurality of continuous annular grooves in which the switch tripping dogs 84 are fixed at predetermined spaced and staggered intervals. When the drum is revolved, these dogs wipe across selected ones of a plurality of aligned switch actuating trips 85. These trips are individually pivoted on a pintle 86 and each is equipped with a spring 87 which holds it in contact with the button 88 on each of a group of switches 89, 89a, 89h, 89C, and 89d.

When the dogs actuate the trips and press the buttons down to momentarily close or open the switches depending upon the hook-up, the springs 90 for each button will return the buttons when the dogs have moved past the trips.

When the head assembly is being fed, the rapid traverse motor 69 is cut out, and to hold the sun gear 67 against turning at this time, a solenoid or mechanically controlled friction brake 91 is employed. A solenoid has been selected to illustrate this control, but a mechanical arrangement may be used. l

The brake mechanism comprises a friction `disc 92 having a hub 93 keyed on the motor shaft 68 to turn therewith, but free to slide thereon. Disposed under this disc 92 is a fixed abutment plate 94. On the opposite side of the disc 92 is a nonrotatable floating pressure plate 95. Spaced around the pressure plate 95 are a plurality of studs 96, the same being threaded into the plate with their opposite ends protruding through openings made to receive them in the fixed top plate 97. 98 which are seated in enlargements of the openings through which the studs protrude.

The protruding ends of vtwo. opposed ones of ,these studs are turned to serve as hooked ends for holding the ends of the actuating yoke 99.

The opposite end of this yoke is connected with the threaded stem ofthe solenoid 101. On each of the legs of the yoke 99 is a lug 102 which bears against the topplate 97. These lugs serve as fulcrums so that when the solenoid is energized and the stem 100 is pulled down, the yoke f will be rocked about the fulcrum points 102 pulling up the plate 92 against the pressure of the springs 98 and thus releasing the clutch. When vthe solenoid is not energized, the springs 98 will impart the requiredthrust to-the plate 95 and hold the clutch thus holding the sun gear against rotation as it must be to feed the head.'

The studs are backed up by springs' cation the drive motor 12a runs continuously in' one direction. The rap'l traverse motor and mechanism operating in connection therewith is identical with that of the first described form, exceptingthe feed take out gear 47 is eliminated, the gear 48 is turned around and meshes with a pinion 103 .on the end of the shaft 104 of the feed motor 105.

- operation Considering first' the form shown in Figures 1 to 13 inclusive and the circuit shown in Figure 16, and assuming the cycle to be executed comprises a rapid approach of the tool to the work, feed of the tool, and automatic rapid return of the tool to starting position. With the head in y its terminal starting position, the operator, to initiate an operating cycle, will press the switch button 106 (see Figs.- 1, 4 and 16). This will close the circuit energizing the coil 120 of a relay for connecting the power lines 121 to conductors 122 leading to therapid traverse motor 69. The motor is thus started in the forward direction and since the solenoid 101 is in the same circuit. it will be energized releasing the brake 91. The head will thus be moved forward at a rapid approach, the locking circuit for maintaining the relay energized extending through one of the then closed relay switches, a conductor 123 and a normally closed switch 89e. At this particular stage in the cycle, the drive and feed motor is not operating although it might be without disturbing the rapid traverse. The drive and feed motor may be started at any stage in therapid approach and this is determined by the arrangement of the control dogs on the drum 81. As the head moves forward, the drum revolves and brings one of the dogs into position to close the switch 89 energizing the' coil 124 of a relay by which the drive and feed motor will be started by connection of'conductors 125 to the'power lines. Energization of the coil 124 is maintained by a circuit including one of the relay switches, a conductor 126 and a switch 127 of a relay 128, which switch is closed as shown in Fig. 16 when the relay is deenergized.V

With the worm shaft 57`either stationary or else rotating very slowly as it will when the feed and drive motor has started and with the sun gear 67 rotating at a. relatively rapid rate, the orbit gear serves-as a fulcrum for the planets 64 causing them to drive the spider at a correspondingly fast'rate. Since the second set of planets 74 are on the same shafts as the first named set, they move about the axis of the spider at the same rate as the planets 64. The planets 74 mesh with the fixed ring gear 76 and are thus rotated on their own axis.

The head assembly is now rapidly traversing with the feed and drive motor running. As the drum 81 revolves further, one of the dogs thereon will open the switch 89 cutting out the rapid the feed and drive motor 12 continues to run, the planets will fulcrum on the sun gear 67, and thus drive the spider at a relatively slower rate which will develop the required feed rate for the y head assembly.

After the rapid traverse of the cycle has been initiated by the operator pressing the button 106 and the translation of the head has been changed 'Ihis energizes the relay 128 and thereby cuts in* the rapid traverse motor 69 causing the same to rotate in a direction to return the head. A maintaining circuit for this relay is established through one ofthe relay switches, a conductorA 129 and a normally closed switch 89d.v Energization of the relay 128 also opens the switch 127 to break the locking circuit for the relay coil 124, thereby stopping the feed motor 12. When 4the head assembly reaches its terminal starting position, one of the dogs trips the switch 89d which deenergizes the relay 128 and cuts out the rapid traverse motor to bring the head to rest.

The safety switch 107 lbeing included in all of the locking circuits above referred to may be utilized to interrupt Ithe movement of the head at any stage in the cycle in case of an emergency.

The above described operation covers a form where the head assembly is fed in one direction only. Where it is desired to change over from rapid traverse to feed, or vice versa, on return, the vform shown in Figs. 14 and 15 and circuit shown in Fig. 17 are employed.

In this forma separate feed -rnotor 105 is used as previously stated. f

Assuming that the control switches are positioned as shown in Fig. 17 except that the switch 109 is being held closed by the cam 110 onl the drum 8l. The operator initiates the cycle by closing the switch 107EL which causes energization of a relay coil 130 to connect the power lines`to conductors 131 leading to the tool drive motor l2". Closure of the switch 107 energizes a relay coil 133 through the then closed switches 134 and 135 to connect the leads 136 for the feed motor 105 to the power lines and also energizes a rey lay coil 137 through the switches 134, 135 and 109 thereby connecting the lead 138 of the rapid traverse motor to the power lines. The head now starts forwardly in rapid traverse, the cam 110 allowing the switch 109 to open, after which the motion will be changed tofeed by opening of the normally closed switch 11 which breaks the locking for the relay 137. If desired, the rapid traverse motion can be resumed by closure of the switch 109at by a control dog.- v

Reversal of the movement at feed speed is initiated when a dog on the drum opens the switch 113 to break the locking circuit for the relay 133 and a second dog closes the switch 112 to energize the relay coil 140, thereby reversing the actuation of the feed motor 12, To shift to rapid traverse speed in the reverse direction, the switch 114 is closed by a dog thereby energizing the relay coil 141. At the end of the cycle, the feed motor is stopped by opening the locking for the relay 140 as a switch 116 is opened by a control dog. In a similar way, the rapid traverse motor is stopped by opening a locking circuit switch 115- head. Where desirable, any one or a combination of two or more of the operating and control mechanisms may be built in; the parts of those mechanisms not built in otherwise provided for to suit any particular purpose.

Having thus described and shown an embodiment of this invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1; In a machine tool, the .combination of a frame structure, a self-contained machine tool head assembly mounted to move bodily on said frame structure and comprising a saddle unit, tool driving and saddle feeding mechanism and motors therefor carried by said saddle unit, an interchangeable tool unit carried by said saddle unit, tool driving mechanism in said tool unit and means for connecting the tool driving mechanisms of said units for extending the tool drive from the saddle unit into the tool unit.

2. In a machine tool, the combination of a `frame structure, a self-contained machine tool head assembly mounted to move bodily on said frame' structure and comprising a saddle unit, tool driving and saddle feeding mechanism and motors therefor carried by said saddle unit, an interchangeable tool unit carried by said saddle unit, tooldriving mechanism in said tool unit and gearing connecting the terminal ends of the tooldriving mechanisms of said units to extend the tool drive from the saddle unit to the tool unit. y

3. In a machine tool, lthe combination of a frame structure, a self-contained machine tool head assembly mounted to move bodily on said frame structure and comprising a saddle unit, tool driving and saddle feeding mechanism and motors therefor carried by said saddle unit, an interchangeable tool unit carriedby said saddle unit, tool driving mechanismin said tool unit and means for connecting the terminalends of the tool driving mechanisms of said units to extend the tool drive from the saddle unit to the tool unit.

4. In a machine tool, the combination of a frame structure, a self-contained machine tool head assembly mounted to move bodily on said frame structure and comprising a saddle unit, tool driving and saddle feeding mechanism and a plurality of electric motors therefor carried by said saddle unit, feed control mechanism also carried by said saddle unit, an interchangeable tool unit carried by said saddle unit, ltool driving mechanism in said tool unit and means for connecting the tool driving mechanisms of said units for extending the 'tool drive from the saddle unit to the tool unit. 1

5.. In a machine tool, the combinationvof a frame structure, a self-contained machine tool unit head mounted to move bodily on said frame structure, motorized tool driving and head feed- ,ing mechanism carried by said head, and a feed rate control mechanism carried wholly by said head for changing the rate of movement of theV head on` the frame from rapid traverse into feed and 'from feed into rapid traverse and for also reversing the direction of the movement of the head on the frame. v

6. In a machine tool, the combination of a frame structure, a self-contained machine tool head assembly mounted to move bodily on said framer structure and comprising a saddle unit, a. motorized tool drivingmechanism in said saddle unit, motorized differential head feeding mechanlsm in said saddle unit, an interchangeable tool unit carried by said saddle unit, tool driving mechanism in said tool unit and means for connecting the tool driving mechanisms of said units for extending the tool drive from the saddle unit into the tool unit.

'7. In a machine tool, 'the combination of a frame structure, a self-contained machine tool head assembly mounted to move bodily on said frame structure and comprising a saddle unit, a motorized tool driving mechanism in said saddle unit, motorized differential head feeding mechanism in said saddle unit, feed rate control mechanism Wholly on said saddle unit, an interchangeable tool unit carried by said saddle unit, tool driving mechanismin said tool unit and means for connecting the tool driving mechanisms of said units for extending the tool drive from the saddle unit into the tool unit. y v

8f. In a machine tool, the combination of a frame structure, a self-contained machine tool head assembly mounted to move on said frame structure and comprising a saddle unit, motorized drive mechanism in said saddle unit, motorized differential feed mechanism in said saddle unit, feed rate control mechanism in said saddle unit, an interchangeable tool unit carried by said saddle unit. drive mechanism in said tool unit'and means for connecting the driving mechanisms of said units for extending the drive from thesaddle unit into the tool unit, comprising gearing carried by the respective terminal ends of said drive l mechanisms.

' 9. In a machine tool, the combination of a frame structure, a self-contained machine tool head assembly mounted to move on said frame structure and comprising a saddle unit, a motorized drive in said saddle unit, motorized feed mechanism in said saddle unit, motorized rapid traverse mechanism in said saddle unit, feed rate control mechanism in said saddle unit operable by the movement of the head assembly for changing the movement of the head over from the rapid traverse `to feed and from feed to rapid traverse and to also reverse the direction of'the movement of the head assembly, ran interchangeable tool unit carried by lsaid saddle unit, drive mechanism in said tool unit and means for connecting the drive mechanisms for extending the 'drive from the saddle unit into the tool unit.

l0. A self-contained unit head of the class described, comprising tool driving mechanism in the head, a motor carried by the head for driving said mechanism, motorized feed mechanism in the head for bodily moving the head, and4 means carried by the head for controlling the operating rate of the feed mechanism, comprisingja group ofmotor controlling switches and means set in feeding the unit bodily along said slideways and means operated by the rapid traverse motor for changing the rate of said feed.

12. The combination of a machine tool frame having slideways and a self-contained unit movable along said slideways, of a combined driving and feeding motor, a rapid traverse motor and a tool spindle, all carried by said unit, means motor for driving said tool spindle and bodily feeding said unit along said slideways and means operated by said rapid traverse motor forchanging the rate of said feed. 13. In a lmachine tool, the combination of a' frame having slideways, a self-contained tool head assembly mounted for movement along said slide- Ways, said tool head assembly comprising a sad-4 dle and an interchangeable tool unit, a combined driving and feeding motor carried by said saddle, a tool spindle carried by said tool unit, means operated by said combined driving and feeding motor for driving said tool spindle and bodily feeding said head assembly along said slideways, a rapid traverse motor, and means operated by said rapid traverse motor for changing the rate of said feed. v

14. In a machine tool, the combination of a frame structure, a self-contained machine tool head assembly mounted to move on said frame structure and comprising a saddle unit and an interchangeable tool unit, drive, feedrand rapid traverse mechanisms and motors therefor carried by said head assembly, feed rate control mechanism and the electrical equipment also carried by said head assembly. l

15. In a machine tool, the combination of a. frame structure, a self-contained machine tool head assembly mounted to move on said frame structure and comprising a saddle unit and an interchangeable tool unit, drive, feed, and rapid traverse mechanisms and motors therefor carried by said head assembly, feed rate control mechanism and the electrical equipment also carried by said head assembly, said feed rate control mechanism comprising a revolving drum, a drive between the feed mechanism and said drum to revolve the same and switch operating means on the drum positioned to open and close predetermined ones of a group "of switches in circuit with said motors.

16. A self-contained unit head assembly fo machine tools, comprising a saddle unit, a cradle on said saddle, slideways on said saddle extending under said cradle and an interchangeable tool unit adapted to occupy said cradle.'

17. A self-contained unit head assembly for machine tools, comprising a saddle unit, motorized drive and feed mechanism carried by said 126 saddle, a cradle on said saddle, slideways on said j saddle extending under'said cradle, an interchangeable tool unit adapted to occupy said cradle, a spindle drive in said tool unit, and means for connecting said spindle drive with the 130 motorized drive in the saddle. l y

18. `A` self-contained unit head assembly for machine tools, comprising a saddle unit, motorized drive and feed mechanism carried by said saddle, feed control mechanism carried by said 13e saddle, a cradle on said saddle, slideways on said saddle extending under 'said cradle, an inter- -changeable tool unit adapted to occupy said cradle, a spindle drive in said tool unit, and means for connecting said spindle drive with the motorized drive in the saddle.

19. A self-contained unit head assembly for machine tools, comprising a saddle unit, motorized drive and feed mechanismcarried by said saddle, feed control mechanism carried by said saddle, a cradle on said saddle, slideways on said I saddle extending under said cradle, an interchangeable tool unit adapted to occupy said cra.- ,dle, a spindle drive in said tool unit, and means for connecting said spindle drive with the motor- `15" Y ized drive in the saddle unit, comprising a driven gear in said spindle drive adapted to mesh with a drive gear in the motorized drive of the saddle when the tool unit occupies said cradle.

20. In a machine tool, the combination of a frame structure, a machine tool head assembly mounted to move on said frame structure, and

comprising a saddle unit, drive mechanism cary ried by said Saddle unit,v an interchangeable tool unit carried by said saddle unit, drive mechanism in said tool unit, means for connecting the drive mechanisms of said units for extending the drive from the saddle unit into the tool. unit, and motorized mechanism carried wholly by the head for bodily moving the head on said structure. Y

- 21. In a machine tool, the combination of a frame structure, a machine tool head assembly mounted to move on said 'frame structure, and 'comprising a saddle unit, an interchangeable tool unit carried by said saddle unit, means for driving the tool of said tool unit, means for bodily feeding said tool head assembly on said frame structure, and means carried wholly by the head assembly for changing the 'rate of said feed.

22. In a machine tool, the combination of a frame structure, a machine ,tool head assembly mounted to move on said frame structure, land comprising a saddle unit, a cradle on said' saddle unit, an interchangeable tool unit adapted to occupy said cradle, means for` driving the tool of said tool unit, and means for bodily feeding said tool head assembly on said frame structure.

23. In a. machine tool, the combination of a -frame structure, a machineV tool head assembly mounted to move onsaid frame structure, and comprising a saddle unit, a cradle on said saddle unit, slideways on.said saddle unit extending under said cradle, an interchangeable tool unit adapted to occupy said cradle, means for driving 24. The combination of a. machine tool frame.

having'slideways and a self-contained unit movable along said slideways, of a combined driving and feeding motor, a rapid traverse motor and a tool spindle, all carried by said unit, means operated by said combined driving'andfeeding .motor for driving said tool spindle and ybodily feeding said unit along said slideways and means operated by said rapidtraverse motor for changing the rate of said feed, comprising alrevolving drum, a drive for said drum to revolve the same and adjustably mounted switch operating means on the drum for opening and closing a switch or switches in circuit with said motors.

25. The combination of a machine tool frame having slideways and a self-contained unit movable along said slideways, of a combined driving and feeding motor, a rapid traverse motor and a tool spindle, all carried by said unit, means -operated by said combined driving and feeding motor for driving said tool spindle and bodily feeding said unit along said slideways and means operated by said rapid traverse motor for changing the rateof said feed, comprising a revolving drum set in motion by the operation of said rapid traverse motor and means on said drum for acJ tuating a plurality of switches in circuit with said motors. v

26. In a' machine tool, the combination of a frame structure,\a machine tool head mounted for translation on said frame structure, means for translating said head with a rapid traverse, a tool spindle carried .by the head, a combined drive and feed motor for driving the tool spindle and feeding the head and means actuated by the rapid traverse translation of the head for controlling the operation of said combined drive and feed motor.

27. In a machine tool, the combination of a frame structure, a machine tool head mounted for translation on said frame structure, a tool spindle carried by said head, means carried Wholly by the head for driving said spindle,

means carried wholly by the head for translating the head and means carried Wholly by the head and actuated by the translation of the head for controlling the drive for said spindle.

28. In a machine tool, the combination of frame structure, a machine tool head mounted for translation on said frame structure, means carried wholly by the head for translating the head with a rapid traverse, a tool spindle carried by the head, a combined drive and feed motor carried by the head for driving the tool spindle and feeding the head and means carried wholly by the head and actuated by the rapid traverse translation of the head for controlling the operation of said combined drive and feed motor.

29. A machine tool head organization, comprising in combination, a saddle unit, an interchangeable tool unit carried by said saddle unit,

a tool spindle carried by said tool unit, spindle feeding mechanism carried by said tool unit, and means for driving said spindle.

30. In a machine tool, the combination of a frame structure, a self-contained machine tool head assembly mounted to move bodily on said frame structure and comprising a saddle unit, a tool unit carried by said saddle unit, a tool spindle in said tool unit, means carried wholly by the head for driving said spindle, means carried wholly by the head for moving said head on said frame structure and means in said tool unit for feeding the tool spindle.

3l. In a machine tool,.the combination of a frame structure, a self-contained machine tool head assembly mounted to move bodily on said frame structure and comprising a saddle unit,

`an interchangeable tool unit carried by said saddle unit; tool driving mechanism in said saddle unit, tool driving mechanism contained in said tool unit, means for connecting the tool driving mechanisms of said units for extending the tool drive from the saddle unit into the tool unit and tool feeding mechanism in said tool unit. p

32. A machine tool organization having, in combination, a frame structure, a support demountably carried by said frame structure, a tool unit secured to said support for detachment and removal therefrom as a. unit, a tool-carrying spindle projecting from said tool unit and rotatably supported thereon for axial adjustment relative to the unit, means on the tool unit operable manually to change the Vaxial position of said spindle, motor driven driving mechanism on said support having'a drive member terminating adjacent said tool unit, and rotary drive mechanism on said tool unit having a driving connection with saiddrive member which is detachable to permit power driven 12001 driving mechanism carried by said support on one side of said abutment and having a drive shaft projecting toward the latter, a tool unit comprising a hollow frame adapted to fit against said abutment, a tool carrying spindle rotatably supported on said frame, and gearing in the frame having a detachable driving connection between said drive shaft and said spindle, a projection rigid with said support and units rigidly and interchangeably mountable in` a predetermined position on said support and each having a tool driving spindle, tool driving -mechanism in each of said-.units coupled to said driving member when the unit is attached to said support, the tool spindle on one of said units, when mounted on said support, extending at an angle to the direction in which the spindle of the other unit projects when the latter is se.

cured to the support whereby the assembly is quickly convertible for performing different types of machining operations.

35. An automatic power driven machine tool having, in combination, a frame structure,y a machine element slidably mounted for reciprocation on said frame structure, an electric feed motor, an electric rapid traverse motor, differential gearing having two rotary terminal drive members operatively connected to the respective motors and an intermediate'rotarydriven member operable to impart reciprocatory motion to said machine element, electric switching means governing the operation of said motors to define a predetermined cycle of feed and rapid traverse motions of said element, a device for actuating said l switching means, and means providing a driving connection between said intermediate differential member and said switch-actuating device whereby the latter responds to the movement of said element produced by operation of saided for reciprocation along stationary ways, an f electric motor operable to move said support along said ways at a slow feeding speed, a reversible lelectric motor operable to move said support in opposite directions at rapid traverse speed, switch means for governing the operation of said motors to define a variable predetermined cycle of rapid traverse and feed motions in opposite directions between two opposite limit positions, and means for actuating said switch means including a device mounted on the support for movement bodily therewith and also for independent rotation rela,- tive to said support and in unison with the movement of the support and a plurality of dogs arranged on said device for manual adjustment in different relations'according to the relative lengths of the feed and rapid traverse motions to be executed. y

37. An automatic power driven machine tool having, in combination, a-support slidabLv mounted for reciprocation along stationary ways, electric motor driving means selectively operable to move said support at feed and rapid traverse speeds and in opposite directions along said ways, switch means for governing the operation of said driving means to define a variable predetermined cycle of rapid traverse and feed motions in opposite directions between two opposite limit positions, and means for actuating said switch means automatically including a device mounted on the support for movement bodily therewith and driven relative thereto in timed relation to the movement ofuthe support.

38. A machine tool having, in combination, a support mounted for reciprocation along slideways, a tool unit demountably secured to 'said support and having a spindle for supporting a cutting tool, feeding'mechanism for effecting movement of the support along said ways, a conibined tool drive and feed motor mounted on said support, gearing extending the drive of said motor to said feed mechanism and to 'said tool u nit, a reversible rapid traverse motor connected to said feed mechanism and operable simultaneously with or independently of said feed motor, switch means controlling the selective enerygizati'on of said motors to define a cycle of feed and rapid -traverse motions of said support, and a control member supporting a succession of dog devices adapted to -actuate said switch means in response to the movement of said support and capable of being arranged to define an automatic cycle of rapid approach, feed and rapid return movements of said support. y

39. A machine toolhaving, in combination, a frame structure, an elongated feed element stationarily mounted thereon, a support mounted on said frame structure to reciprocate parallel to said feed element, a tool spindle on said support, a rotary feed element on said support engaging said stationary feed element, two motors on said support, means including differential gearing operatively connecting both of said motors to said rotary feed element, one of said motors being connected to drive the' tool spindle and also acting to move said support at a feeding speed, and the other motoracting to move said support at rapid traverse, said support, said motors, said differential gearing, said rotary feed element and said spindle being assembled in a compact unit which is readily demountable from said frame structure.

40.'An automatic power driven machine tool having, in combination,` a support mounted for reciprocation along slideways,. a tool unit demountably secured to said support and having a spindle for supporting a .cutting'tool, feeding mechanism for effecting movement of the support along said Ways, a combined tool drive and feed motor mounted on said support, gearing extending the drive of said motor to said feed mechanism'and to said ,tool unit, a reversible rapid traverse motor connected to said feed mechanism and operable simultaneously with or independently of said feed motor, switch means controlling to define an automatic cycle of rapid approach', feed and rapid return movements of said support,

said support,said motors, said gearing said switch means and said control member beingassembled in a compact unit which is readily demountable as an entity from said frame structure.

41. A machine tool having, in combination, a support mounted for reciprocation along slide-V ways, a tool unit demountably secured to said support and having a spindle for supporting a cutting tool, feeding mechanism for effecting movement of the support along said ways, a combined tool drive and feed motor mounted on said support, gearing extending the drive of said motor to said feed mechanism and to said tool unit, a reversible rapid traverse motor connected to said feed mechanism and operable simultaneously with or independently of said feed motor, a control lmember having a succession of dogs thereon and mounted on said support for bodily movement in unison therewith but arranged for movement relative to said support in accordance with the direction and extent of movement of the support along said ways, said support, said inotors, said gearing, and said control member being assembled in a compact unit which is readily demountable as an entity from said frame structure, and switch means actuated selectively by said control memberin accordance with the spacing of said dogs androperable to govern the operation ofsaid motors whereby to denne an `automatic cycle of rapid approach, feed and rapid return motions of said support.

42. A machine tool organization having, in combination, a frame structure, a readily demountable power unit thereon for producing feed' and reversible rapid traverse motions, ycomprising an electric feed motor, an electric rapid traverse motor, a common support on said frame structure by which both of said motors are carried, feeding means for receiving rotary motion from sai'da motors and operable to convert such motion into said feed and rapid traverse motions, constantly engaged driving connections on said support for extending the rotary drive of each of said motors to said feeding means, the driving connection from said feed motor including speed reduction gearing, a tool unit demountably secured on said support' for independent removal therefrom and having a tool spindle', means for extending the drive from said feed motor to said spindle while permitting ready detachment of said tool unit from said support, said support, said motors, said driving connections and said tool unit constituting a unitary assemblage detachable and removable as' an entity from said frame structure, and means operable to control said motors selectively in response to said motions whereby to define an automatic machining cycle.

43. A machine tool organization having, in

combination, a frame structure, two elements mounted thereon, one being reciprocably movable and the other immovable relativete said frame structure, one of said elements beinga feed element and the other-of said elements being a unitary tool head assembly which comprises a tool, unit interchangeably mountable thereon and embodying a tool spindle, a combined driving and feeding motor, means operated by said motor for driving said tool 'spindle and also yfor coacting with said feed element to effect a`feeding motion of the one of said two elements which is movable relative to `said frame structure, arapid traverse motor. and means driven thereby for effecting movement of said movable element at a greater speed than that caused by said feeding motor.

' tor, a common support carrying both of said mo- 44. A machinehtool organization having, in combination, a frame structure, mechanism for.

vproducing reciprocatory feed and rapid traverse extending the drive of each of said motors, feedingv means receiving rotary power from said driv- 8! ing connections and operable to convert the same into said feed and rapid traverse motions, switch `means carried by said support and operable to control the energization of said motors selectively whereby to define an automatic cycle of feed and rapid traverse motions in opposite directions, and a device for causing actuation of said switch means mounted on said support for movement relative thereto in accordance with the direction and extent of said motions, said support, said motors, said connections, said switch means, and said device constituting an assembly removable as a unit from said frame structure.

45. A machine tool having, in combination, a frame structure, an elongated feed element mounted thereon, a support mounted on said frame structure, a rotary element on said support operatively connected with saidelongated feed element, two motors on said suDpQrt, means including differential gearing operatively connecting both of said motors to said rotary element, said motors with their gearing connections to said rotary element` operating respectively to drive said rotary element at slow feeding speed and rapid traverse speed, said support, said. motors, said differential gearing and said rotary element being assembled in a compact unit which is readily demountable from said frame structure.

' 46. A machine tool organization having, in combination, a frame structure, a machine element to be reciprocated back and forth on said frame structure at feed and rapid traverse speeds, means for actuating said element conprising an electric feed motor, an electric rapid traverse motors and demountably carried by said frame structure, an elongated feed member and an interengaging feed member adapted by relative rotational movement to impart reciprocatory motion to said element according to the direction and rate of such relative rotation, constantly engaged driving connections on said support for extending the drive of each of said motors, means including differential gearing on said support for combining the motions of vsaid connections and applying the combined motion to produce relative rotation between said members, said support, said motors, said driving connections and said gearing constituting a unitary assembly readily detachable from said frame structure, switch means controlling the energization of said motors selectively vwhereby to define anautomatic cycle of feed and rapid traverse motions in opposite directions, and a device for actuating said switch means movable in accordance with the direction and extent of relative rotary motion between said members.

47. A machine tool organization having, in combination, aV frame structure, a machine element to be reciprocated back and forth on saidframe structure at feed and rapid tranverse speeds, 145 means for actuating said elementV comprising an electric feed motor, an electric vrapid tranverse motor, a common support carrying both of said motors and demountably carried by said frame structure, an elongated feed member and aninterengaging i'eed member adapted by relative rotational movement to impart reciprocatory motion to said element according to the direction and rate of such relative rotation, constantly engaged driving connections on said support for extend` ing the drive o! each of said motors to said members to produce relative rotation therebe tween, said support. said motors. and said driving connections constituting 'a unitary assembly readily detachable from said frame structure, and switch means responsive to the extent of movement of said machine element and operating to control the energization of saidl motors selectively whereby to denne an automatic cycle of feed and rapid traverse motions in opposite directions.

48. A machine tool having, in combination, a frame structure, a unitary tool head movabiy mounted thereon, a rotary spindle on said head carrying a cutting tool, feed members mounted for relative rotation to actuate said head, rapid traverse and feed motors on said head each. having a driving connection with one of said members, switching means responsive to 'the movement of said head and controlling said motors to define an automatic cycle of rapid approach, forward feed, reverse feed and rapid return motions of said head, an independent motor on said head having a rotary driving connection with said spindle, and automatic switching means governing said third motor to cause operation thereof in one direction during both of said feed motions whereby the tool performs a cutting operation during movement of the head in both directions.

- ALEXANDER OBERHOFFKEN.

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