USRE15597E - Measuring and indicating apparatus - Google Patents

Description

May 15; 1923.

H. BREWER MEASURING AND INDICATING APPARATUS Original Filed Feb. 21, 2 Shets-Sheet 1 Dan ODUDODD W ii.

26 ATTORNEY u wi n May 15, 1923.

H. BREWER MEASURING AND INDIC-ATING APPARATUS Original Filed Feb. 21, 1919 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 1 ATTORNEY Reissued May 15, 1923.

UNITED STATES Re. 15,597 PA'I'EN'I' OFFICE.

ASSIGNOR TO LEEDS & NORTI-IRUP COM- PANY, OI PHILADELPHIA,PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

MEASURING AN'D INDICATING APYARATUS.

Original No. 1,361,882,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, HENRY BREWER, a citizen of the. United States, formerly aresident of the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, and now re; siding at Wilmette, State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Measuring and Indicating Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to apparatus for indicating, measuring and recording conditions or variations in conditions, as chemical, physical, electrical and other conditions, and more particularly temperature and variations in temperature.-

My invention resides in apparatus, which may be in the nature of recording apparatus or with which a. recorder may be cooperatively associated, which controls a circuit or circuits for effecting quite accurate measurement or indication of magnitude of the condition or variation thereof, and particularly of temperature or variation thereof; and with such apparatus may be associated further indicating means, such as lamp or other signals, indicating the general magnitude of the condition, as of temperature 'which obtains at a particular time.

More particularly my invention resides in apparatus of the character above referred to wherein a plurality of temperature re-.

sponsive devices, as t ermo-couples, resistancev thermometers or jected to the temperatures simultaneously existin and generally not widely differing in a urnace or other heating or heater device, as at different oints or locations -in said furnace or the ike, said temperature responsivedevices being brought successively. or alternately into controlling relation with automatic mechanism which will produce the indications or measurements above referred to, and which may in addition produce a record of the tempera ture variations. his a further feature of my invention that but a single calibrated measuring or indicating instrument. as a DArsonval galvanometer, sufiices for both temperature responsive devices or thermocouples.

My invention resides in further features of novelty and combination hereinafter described.

the like, are sub For an illustration of one of numerous forms my invention may take, reference maybe hal to the accompanying drawing, in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective View of structure embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is an elevational view of a modified structure which may be employed in apparatus such as shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a section on the line 33 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view, illustrating parts of the structure shown in Fig. 1, together with a calibrated indicating or measuring instrument, associated signals or indicators, and associated electrical circuits.

In the illustrated example of my apparatus parts thereof and their mode of operation are similar to those disclosed in prior Letters Patent of the United States to Leeds, No. 1,125,699, January 19, 1915, my invention comprehending, but not being limited to their employment.

Referring to the drawing, M is an electric motor, or any other suitable source of power, which rotates the shaft 1, preferably at substantially constant speed, which in turn drives the worm 2 meshing with and driving the worm gear 23 secured upon the shaft 4. 'Pivoted near its upper end is a lever 5 back of which and pivoted upon lever 5 on a horizontal axis is the arm -(i on each end of which is a shoe 7 of cork or other suitable material frictionally engaging the rim 8 of the clutch disk or wheel 9 secured upon the shaft 10. Secured upon the shaft 4 is a cam 11. which periodically engages the lever or member 5 and moves it outwardly away from the disk 9 in opposition to a spring, not shown. thereby lifting the shoes 7 free from the rim-8 of clutch disk 9. the aforesaid spring returning the shoes 7 into engagement with the rim 8 after predetermined rotation of the cam 11. Upon the shaft 4 is secured a second cam 12 which. after the ram 11 has lifted the shoes 7 from rim 8, actuates the end of finger 13 on the lower end of the arm 14 secured-at its upper end to the member 15 pivoted at 16. Upon the frame or member 15 is secured the member 17, whose upper edge 18 is inclined and increases in height from the center toward each side. Disposed innuediately above the edge 18 is the needle indicating instrument, as for example, a galvanometer of which 20 is the movable coil or element which swings or deflects the needle or pointer 19 to the right or left. At opposite ends of the member 17 are the abutments 21 for limiting the deflection or swing of needle 19. Directly above the needle 19 and beneath which it normally freely swings are the edges 22, preferably straight and horizontal, upon members 23, 23 pivoted at 24, 24, and extending toward each other, leaving a gap of sufiicient width between their inner ends to allow the free entry of the needle 19 when in balanced, zero or mid-position, the needle 19 normally swinging freely between the edge 18 of member 17 and the lower edges of the members 23, 23 which have the downwardly extend- .ing arms 25, 25 drawn toward each other by the spring 26. Attached to the lower end of the arm or lever 5 is the triangular plate 27 carrying the ins 28, 28 cooperatmg with the lower en s of members 25, 25. At opposite ends of the arm 6 are the ears or lugs 29, 29 adapted to be engaged by the cams 30, 30 similar in shape and similarly positioned and secured upon the shaft 4.

Secured u on the shaft 10 is a disk or wheel 31 o insulating material carrying upon its periphery the resistance conductor R, which may be disposed in the form of a helix laid u on the disk 31. Engaging the resistance is the stationary contact 32 hereinafter referred to. The disk 31 may be secured to the shaft 10 in any suitable angular relation with respect to the other disks or members secured thereon, by set screw 33 threaded through the hub 34 through which the shaft 10 extends.

Secured upon the shaft 10 is a second wheel or disk 35 carrying on its periphery the resistance 36, 37, of a Wheatstone brid e hereinafter referred to. The disk 35 is held in any suitable angular position upon the shaft 10 with respect to the other disks carried thereby by the screw 38 threaded through the hub 39 through which the shaft 10 asses.

pon the shaft 10 is similarly secured by screw 40 and hub 41 a third disk 42 carrying the arcuate contacts 43, 44 and 45, all insulated from each other and preferably from the remainder of the apparatus.

W'hile separate disks 31, 35 and 42 are shown, it will be understood that these disks or any two of them may be one and the same unitary structure whereby the different contacts and resistances may be rotated in unison in predetermined angular relation with respect to each other by the shaft 10. It is preferable, however, that the disk 31 be independent, in which case the two disks 35 and 42 may be a unitary structure whose angular position with respect to the disk 31, and particularly with respect to the point of contact between resistance R and contact 32, mziy be adjusted.

n Figs. 2 and 3 such a unitary combination of disks 35 and 42 is indicated. In said figures the disk or wheel 35, shown at the end of the shaft 10, is adjustable to any angular position on the shaft 10 by clamping the nut 35* against the hub 39 of the disk 35, thrusting the same frictionally against the member 39" secured to the shaft 10. Upon the periphery of the disk 35 is shown the resistance 36, 37 which may be a wire disposed as a helix upon a mandrel and insulated therefrom the resistance conductor itself terminating, as at a and b, Fig. 2, while the mandrel 35 extends beyond and is clamped to th periphery of the disk 35 by the clamping piece 35 secured by screw 35. Secured to opposite faces of the disk 35 are the members 36 and 36', preferably of insulating material, on whose peripheral edges the stationary contact 59 will ride up, in case the disk 35 is rotated, durin the operation of the apparatus, through su tantially 180 degrees from the position indicated in Fig. 2.

On a lateral face of the disk 35 may be disposed the aforementioned arcuate contacts 43, 44 and 45.

Secured upon the shaft 10 is the grooved pulley or wheel 46 of any suitable diameter around which passes the cord 47 which passes over suitable pulleys 48 and is secured to the marker or recorder pen 49, movable transversely, on guides, not shown, with respect to the recorder paper P stored upon a roller or spool 50, and having the marginal perforations 51, engaging teeth or pins upon the periphery of the roller52, secured upon the shaft 53 which is driven by the motor M through the worm 54, gear 55, shaft 56, worm 57 and gear'58.

Referring to Fig. 4, the resistance R is shown in a potentiometer circuit having the two branches 60 and 61, each including suitable resistances, thebranches being connected in parallel with each other and in series with the battery or other source of current 62 and adjustable resistance 63. S is a stand ard cell, which may be employed in well known manner for procuring predetermined strength of current through the potentiometer branch 60 by adjustment of the rheostat 63, when depressing the key 64 which brings the cell S and galvanometer G into series with each other and in shunt to the potentiometer resistance 65,- the needle 19 of the galvanomcter G being that indicated in Fig. 1. For normal operation, however, the standard cell S is out of circuit and the switch 66 is in depressed or closed position, whereby one terminal of the galvanometer G is connected. to the conductor 67, which terminates ina. contact 68 bearing upon the commutator C, which may be secured upon and rotated by the shaft 56, Fig. 1. In the position indicated in Fig. 4 the contact 68 is.

in. electrical connection through a commutator segment with the contact 69 which connects to one terminal of the temperature responsive device or thermo-couple T, whose remaining terminal connects to the conductor 70, which connects to the contact 32, which bears upon the resistance R. A second temperature responsive device or thermocouple T has its one terminal connected to the conductor 70 and its other terminal to the contact 71, bearing upon the commutator C, which has a contact which in a later angular position of commutator C bridges contacts 68 and 71, so bringing thermocouple T into communication with the galvanometer G. It will be understood that these temperature responsive devices or thermo-couples T and T may be situated at relatively great distances from each other, as

for example, in along furnace the temperatures within which it is desired to indicate or measure; or they may be located or employed in any other suitable relation with respect to each other.

The resistances 36, 37, upon the disk 35, are indicated as one and the same resistance conductor terminating at 72 and 73 and engaged by the stationary contact 59. Inasmuch as the disk 35 is rotated to varlous positions, that part of the resistance 36, 37 to the-right of the contact 59 is designated 37, while the remainder o'r part on the other side of the contact 59 is designated 36. The ends of the resistances 36 and 37 are flexibly connected to terminals of the stationary resistances 74 and 75, res ectively, the four resistances constituting a eatstone bridge arrangement of which two of the arms are rotated by disk 35. To a point between the resistances 74 and 75 is connected a conductor 76, and to the contact 59 is connected a conductor 77, conductors 76 and 77 connecting with any suitable source of current, as a constant potential direct current electric lighting system. In the conductor 76 may be located resistances or rheostats 78, as circumstances may require. The conductors 79 and 80 connect to the junctions between resistances 36, 74 and 37, 75, and communicate through the adjustable resistance 81 with the terminals of a calibrated indicating or measuring instrument, as .the DArsonval galvanometer V, of which only the movable coil 82 is indicated, indication of the usual permanent magnets being omit-' ted. The movable coil 82 actuates the needle or ointer 83, which cooperates with the two sca es 0 and 8, either or both of which may be present as may be desired. The scale s is calibrated in any suitable units, as those of voltage current or temperature. In the example illustrated, it is calibrated in temperature to measure or indicate the actual temperature of the thermocouples T, T

The scale 8 may be rotatably adjusted to any suitable position about the pivotal axis of the coil 82. The scale 8 may be termed a deviation scale, showing how much the temperatures of the thermo-couples T and T deviate from a given normal or desired temperature correspondingwith the zero or midmarking O of the scale 8 and deflections to either side thereof indicating in any. suitable units, as temperature, the amount of deviation, without, however, measuring or indigi ating the actual temperatures of the couples The adjustable resistance 81 is for calibration or compensating purposes, as for resistance of leads 79, 80 or other variables which may have to be taken into account.

Besides giving quite accurate or precise .blue, white and red. One terminal of each of the lamps g connects with a conductor 84, which with conductor 85 connects with any suitable source of current, and the same may be the same source, if desirable, to which the conductors 76 and 77 connect. The conductor 85 connects with the contact 86 bearmg upon the commutator C, which has a contact 87 which extends over art of the periphery of the commutator. his contact is adapted to bridge the contacts 86 and 88, the-latter connected to one terminal of the green lamp g. In the position indicated the clrcuit of the lamp 9 is open because. both contacts 86 and 88 are bearing upon lnsulation. The factthat the lamp 9 is not glowlng indicates that thermo-couple T is at the time in circuit and T is out of circu1t. When the contact 87 bridges contacts 86 and 88, lamp 9 glows, indicating that thermo-couple T is in circuit and that couple T is out of circuit, the contacts 68 and 71 belng bridged by the middle commutator contact when contact 87 bridges contacts 86 and 88.

produces an electro-motive-force which is impressed upon the galvanometer Gin opposltion to the potential impressed upon that galvanometer by the potentiometer current. When these potentials are equal the galvanometer G does not deflect and the needle 19 is in the mid-position indicated in Fig. 1. It now the temperature of the thermo-couple T increases, its electro-motive-force will increase and cause deflection of the galvanometer needle 19 toward the right, for example, whereby, due to the periodic vertical. movement of the member by cam 12, the needle 19 is clamped between the inclined edge 18 and the lower edge 22 of the right hand member 23, causing the arm 25 to be tilted in a clockwise direction about its pivot 24, thereby )ushing on the right hand pin 28 on plate 2 and so tilting the movable or driving clutch member or arm 6 in a clockwise direction, while cam 11 is holding shoes 7, 7 from the rim 8 of clutch wheel or disk 9, the angular movement of the member 6 bein dependent upon the degree of deflection 0E needle 19. The shoes 7 again engage the disk 8 upon release of the arm 5 by cam 11 and the left hand cam -30engages the left hand lug 29, rotating the driving clutch member 6 in counterclockwise direction earrying the disk 8 in counterclockwise direction through an equal angle. This rotates the resistance R with respect to the contact 32 in such direction as to tend to restore a balance of electro-motiveforces which tends to decrease the deflection of the needle 19 which eventually, due to successive operations, may again find itself in mid or zero position indicated in Fig. l, and no further actuation of the shaft 10 will occur.

If when this balance is again attained the temperature to which the thermo-couple T is subjected is above the normal or desired temperature, the contact 43 will be in engagement with contact 89 and so close circuit through the red lamp 1' which accordingly gives a signal or indication to the effect that the temperature is too high. If the temperature is not far above the normal or desired temperature the contact 43 may be in contaet'with brush 89 while contact 44 is still in engagement with brush 90, in which case lamps r and w will simultaneously glow, indicating that the temperature is too high, but only slightly so. Similarly, if

. the temperature to which the couple T is subjected and at which the needle 19 comes to a balance is below the desired or normal temperature, contact 45 will be in engagement with brush 90 and so cause energizetion of blue lamp 6 indicating too low a temperature; and if this temperature is not far too low, while contact 45 is in engagement with contact 90, contact 44 will still be in engagement with contact 89 and so cause white light 10 to glow.

At the same time that the contacts 43, 44 and 45 are rotated, as above described. upon change of temperature of the couple T, the

WVheatstone bridge arms 36 and 37 are rotated to like extent and in like direction. Assuming the temperature of the couple T to be above normal or desired temperature, with resultant position of the disk 35 corresponding with a position counterclockwise to that indicated in Fig. 4, resistance 36 will be less than resistance 37, the Wheatstone bridge will be unbalanced, and there will be a. corresponding difference of potential of predetermined direction impressed upon conductors 79 and 80, causing the calibrated meter V to deflect toward the right, for example. The needle 83 in so deflecting to the right will, as regards scale 8 indicate in de rees of temperature, or other suitable unlts, the extent of departure of temperature of the couple T from the desired or normal temperature, indicated by O on scale 8 Supposing the desired or normal temperature for the couple T is 1200 degrees; the scale s is rotated to such )osition that when there is no current throng the galvanometer coil 82 the needle 83 points at 1200 degrees, as indicated on the drawing. In other words, the 1200 degree marking of the scale s is brought opposite the zero marking O of the scale s; when, as assumed, the needle 83 deflects toward the right, it will simultaneously indicate as to scale s the actual temperature of the thermo cou le T, while the scale s merely indicates tie extent of departure from the normal or desired temperature. It may sometimes not be desirable or necessary to have both scales 8 and s in the instrument, but my invention comprehends employment of either or both.

Similarly, if the temperature of couple T is below normal or desired temperature, the fi'eedle 83 will deflect toward the left, and so again indicate departure from normal as well as actual temperature of the couple T, the deflection toward the left being due to reversal of polarities at the junctions between the resistances 74, 7 5 and conductors 79, 80.

What has been stated concerning thermocouple T, is also true of thermo-couple'T, the two couples bein alternatelybroughtinto operative relation with the potentiometer circuit, including resistance R and galvanometer (lr, by the commutator C which rotates to any suitable or desired speed. The less the difference between the temperatures to which the couples T and T are respectively subjected, the higher may be the frequency or speed of rotation of the commutator C.

for in such case the mechanism controlled by the galvanometer needle 19 need not go through so many or so great steps.

Besides giving the indications by the-lamps and measurements or indications by the meter V, the apparatus controlled by the galvanometer needle 19 moves the recorder marker 49 transversely to the direction of motion of the recorder paper P, which is bysaid fieflectingmember;

' eeti g m mb r; cationsrespect1n sai meter actuatedb indicated the arrow. .The marker. 49 so makes a mark 'or'record 94, which is'ja composite ofeflects' ofvboth couplesT'and :1. While, only two tern erature responsive deviees'T and T, have en'. shown, it will be understood-that .my inventioncomprehends'also employment of only one and more than .two with apparatus associated there-' ecting member and actuated by said source of power undercontrol of said de-,

fleeting. member, a plurality e f-members adapted severally co-operate with said secondvnamed'member in control of said. deflecting.';member,- means actuated {by 7 said source of power jor bringing said-members i= successively into H col-operation with i said second named member, a meter, a'fresistan'ce' determining thede'flection of-said meter,- and means for: varyingjsaid resistange controlled 211mm "combinationfl with aiaefltfin I member, of fa1rsource "of: power, amember adapted to produce a-change in the deflection:

of-said deflecting? member and actuated by said source of power under control of said deflexiting inen' bei a plurality of members adapted severally taco-o rate with said second named member-in control of said def .flecti' memben ia meter, aj resistance-{dew rig; gas, deflection of; said; meter, and t y id; Source ofrpower-"un.

' -P Q shgn einith second amed-membersin contrel ef said'Tde SLJThe" combination wltha galvanom fleeting, member, means";.bringing; said members successively into co" perati'on with said armeter, and means I 'said galvanometer comprisinga deviceand' a plurality of membersadaptedseverally vto' ower, a member adapted source Ofpower under control of said deflecting-member a plurality of members adapted severally. j to co operate with said secondhsimed member in control of said dc- :ajmeter-jor making indi r n amed em e 3 the readings of esaidj a ine-ingesting; N V

urde'ofp w i 1 ation'with a deflecting memage in the deflection of said 5'Th6 combination with a alvanometer having a deflecting member, 0 a source of power, electrical means controlling said gal- ,va'nometer COIIlPllSlIl I members, a circuit including said instrument,

and-means actuated, by said source of power under control of said deflecting" member for varyin said circuit.

.v 6. e combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of a sourceof power, electrical means controlling saidgalvanometer comprising a device and a plurality of members adapted severally to cooperate with said device, said device actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, means for bringing said members'successively into co-opera tion with said device, an. instrument for makmembers, a Wheatstone bridge controlling said instrument, and means actuated b said source of'power undercontrol of sand de fleeting member "controlling resistance of said Wheatstone bridge;

a 7. The combination with s'gnvanomem T having a' deflecting member, of a source of power, electrical means controlling said gala vanometer. comprising-a device and fa plu rality" of members adaptedseverally-to cooperate ZWith saiddevice, said'de'vice actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, means for bring I ing said memberssucces'sively'into co-opera' fl'tion with said 'device, an' instrument for malt- I vjng measurements respecting saidlast named members, a YWhe'a'tstOne bridge controlling c said instrument, and means actuated bysaid ;',source. ofpower u'nderlrcontrol of said de-' fleeting member moving resistance of said bridge to efl'ect control of said instrument eter'; having a; deflecting member, of a sou'rceof power, electr cal means controlling co-operate with said device, said device actuated by said sourceof power under'control of said deflecting member, means for bringlug-said members successively 1nto cooperation with said device, an instrument formaking measurements respectin last named n embers, a wheatstone rldg'e controlling sa-id'jnstrument, a resistance of said bridge moved -'b S fl.1d S 0ll;I C 8 of, power under sistance eifecting control of said 9o ing measurements respectingsaid last named 1 9. The combination with a galvanometer said deflecting member, means for bringing having a deflecting member, of a source of power, electrical means controlling said galvanometer comprising a variable member and a pluralit of temperature responsive devices adapt severally to co-operate with said variable member to control said galvanometer, said variable member actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, means for bringing said temperature responsive devices successively into cooperation with said variable member, an instrument for making indications respecting the temperatures of said temperature responsive devices, a circuit ineluding said instrument, and means actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member for varying said circuit.

10. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of a source of power, electrical means controlling said galvanometer comprising a variable member and a plurality of temperature responsive devices adapted severally to co-operate with said variable member to control said galvanometer, said variable member actuated by said source of power under control'of said deflecting member, means for bringing said temperature responsive devices successively into co-operation With said variable member, a second galvanome'ter whose deflections indicate the temperatures of said temperature responsive devlces, a circuit including said second galvanometer, and means actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member varying said circuit to vary the deflections of said second galvanometer.

11. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of a source of power, electrical means controlling said galvanometer comprising a variable member and a plurality of temperature responsive devices adapted severally to co-operate with said variable member to control said galvanometer, said variable member actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, means for bringing said temperature responsive devices successively into co-operation with said variable member, an instrument for making indications respecting the temperatures of said temperature responsive devices, and a variable resistance controllin said instrument and controlled by sailpdyfide ecting member.

12. The c0 ination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of a source of power, electrical means controlling said galvanometer comprising a variable member and a plurality of temperature responsive devices adapte severally to co-operate with said variable member to control said galvanometer, said variable member actuated by said source of power under control of said temperature responsive devices successlvel into co-operatlon with said variable mem er, an instrument for making indicatlons respecting the tem ratures of said temperature responsive evices, a Wheatstone bridge controlling deflections of said instrument, variation of "resistance of said bridge controlled by said deflecting member.

13. The combination with a alvanometer having a deflecting member, 0 a source of power, electrical means controlling said galvanometer comprising a variable member and a plurality of temperature responsive devices ada ted severally to co-operate with said variab e member to control said galvanometer, said variable member actuated by said source of ower under control of sald deflecting mem er, means for bringing said temperature responsive devices successivel into co-operatlon with said variable mem er, an instrument for making indications respecting the temperatures of said temperature responsive devices, a Wheatstonc bridge controlling deflections of said instrument, resistance of said bridge moved by said source of power under control of said deflecting member.

14 The combination with a alvanometer having a deflecting member, 0 a source of power, electrical means controlling said galvanometer comprising a variable member and a plurality of temperature responsive devices adapted severally to co-operate with said variable member to control said galvanometer, said variable member actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, means. for bringing said temperature responsive devices successively intoco-operation with said variable member, a deviation meter indicating the departure of'temperatures of said temperature responsive devices from a predetermined value, a Wheatstone bridge controlling said meter, and, means actuated by said source of power under, control of said deflecting member changing the relation of the resistance values of arms of said bridge.

15. The combination with a galvanometer having 'a deflecting member, of a source of power, a potentiometer controlling said galvanometer, a plurality of thermo-couples, a resistance of saidpotentiometer adjusted by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, means for bringing said thermo-couples successively into co-operation with said potentiometer, an instrument for giving indications respecting the temperatures of said thermo-couples, a circuit including said instrument, and means controlled by said deflecting member controlling said circuit.

16. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of a source of power, a potentiometer controlling said gal vanometer, a plurality of thermo-couples, a resistance of said potentiometer adjusted by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, means for bringing said thermo-couples successively into cooperation with said potentiometer, a meter whose deflections are measures of the temperatures of said thermo-couples, a. circuit including said meter, and means controlling said circuit controlled by said deflecting member.

17. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of a source of power, a potentiometer controlling said galvanometer, a plurality of thermo-couples, a

resistance of said potentiometer adjusted by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, means for bringing said thermo-couples successively into co-operation with said potentiometer, a meter whose deflections are measures of the temperatures of said thermo-c-ouples, a circuit. including said meter, and means controlling said circuit actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member.

18. The combination with a. galvanometer having a deflecting member, of a source of power, a potentiometer controlling said galvanometer, a plurality of thermo-couples, a

$0 resistance of said potentiometer adjusted by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, means for bringing said thermo-couples successively into co-operation with said potentiometer, an instrument for giving indications respecting the temsaid source of power under control of said deflecting member, means for bringing said thermo-couples successively into co-operation with said potentiometer, an instrument for giving indications respecting the temperatures of said thermo-couples, a Wheatstone bridge controlling said instrument, and means actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member for varying the relation of the resistances in arms of said bridge. K 20. The combination with a galvanomet .1

having a deflecting member, of a source of power, a potentiometer controlling said galvanometer, a plurality of thermo-couples, a

no resistance of said potentiometer adjusted by said source of power under dontrol of said deflecting member, means for/bringing said thermo-couples successively into co-operation with said potentiometer, an instrument to for giving indications respecting the temperatures of said therrno-couples, a resistance controlling said instrument and moved to vary the same by said source of power under control of said deflecting member.

21. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of a source of power, a potentiometer controlling said galvanomete-r, a plurality of thermo-couples, a resistance of said potentiometer adjusted by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, means for bringing said thermo-couples successively intoco-operation with said potentiometer, an instrument for giving indications respecting the temperatures of said thermo-couples, a \Vheatstone bridge controlling said instrument, resistance of said bridge moved by said source of power under control of said deflecting instrument, and a stationary contact engaging said movable resistance to vary the relations of the resistances in arms of said bridge.

22. The combination with a deflecting member, of a source of power, a device and a member co-operat-ively controlling deflection of said deflecting member, means actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member varying the effect of said device, an instrument for indicating a condition of said member, and .means controlling said instrument actuated by said source of power.

23. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of a' source of power, a potentiometer controlling said galvanometer, a plurality of thermo-couples, a resistance of said potentiometer adjusted by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, means for bringing said thermo-couples successively into co-operation with said potentiometer, an instrument for giving indications respecting the temperatures of said thermo-couples, a VVheatstone bridge controlling mid instrument. resistance of said bridge moved by said source of power under control of said deflecting instrument, and a stationary contact engaging said movable resistance to Vary the relations of the resistances in arms of said bridge under control of said deflecting member.

24. The combination with a deflecting member, of a source of power, electrical de vices co-operating in control of said deflectin member, one of said devices actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member. an instrument making indication respecting another of said devices, and means controlling said instrument actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member.

25. The combination with a deflecting member, of a source of power, electrical devices co-operating in control of said deflecting member, one of said devices actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, an instrument making indication respecting another of said devices, a circuit controllin said instrument, and means controlling said circuit actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member".-

26. The combination with a deflecting member, of a source of power, electrical devices co-operating in control of said deflecting member, one of said devices actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, an instrument whose deflection is a measure of a condition of another of said devices, and variable electrical means controlling extent of deflection of said instrument and controlled by said source of power under control of said deflecting member.

27. The combination with a galvanometerhaving a deflecting member, of a source of power, electrical devices eo-operating in control of said galvanometer, one of said devices varied by said source of power under control of said deflecting member. an instrument making indication respecting another of said devices, and means controlling said instrument controlled by said deflecting member.

28. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of a source of power, electrical devices co-operating in control of said galvanometer, one of said devices varied by said source of power under con- .trol of said deflecting member, a second galvanometer making indication respecting another of said devices, a Wheatstone bridge controlling said second galvanometer, and means actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member varying resistance in an arm of said bridge.

29. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of a source of power, electrical devices co-operating in control of said galvanometer, one of said devices varied by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, a second galvanometer making indication respecting another of said devices, a Wheatstone bridge controlling said second galvanometer, and resistance of said bridge moved by said source of power under control of said deflecting member to vary the eleetro-motiveforce impressed upon said second galvanometer.

30. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of a source of power, variable electrical means and a temperature responsive device co-operating in control of said galvanometer, said means being varied by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, an instrument making indication respecting the temperature of said temperature responsive device, and electrical means controlling said instrument varied b said source of power under control of sai deflecting member.

31. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of a source of power, variable electrical means and a temperature responsive device co-operating in control of said galvanometer said means being varied by said source pf power under control of said deflecting member, an instrument whose deflection indicates deviation of temperature of said temperature responsive device from a predetermined temperature, variable resistance determining deflection of said instrument, and means controlled by said deflecting member tor varying said variable resistance.

32. The combination with a galvanonieter having a deflecting member, of a source of power, variable electrical means and a temperature responsive device co-operating in control of said galvanometer, said means being varied by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, an instrument whose deflection indicates deviation of temperature of said temperature responsive device from a predetermined temperature, variable resistance determining deflection of said instrument, and means actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member for varying said variable resistance.

33. The combination with a galvanomcter having a deflecting member, of a source of power, variable electrical means and a temperature responsive device co-operatine in control of said galvanometer, said means being varied by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, a meter whose deflections measure the temperature of said temperature responsive device, a re sistance whose variation determines extent of deflection of said meter, and means actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member for varying said resistance.

34. The combination with a galvanoincter having a deflecting member, of a source of power, variable electrical means and a temperature responsive device co-o 'ierating in control of said galvanometer. said means being varied by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, an in strument making indication respecting temperature of said temperature responsive'device, a Wheatstone bridge controlling said instrument, two resistance arms of said bridge moved by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, and a. stationary contact with respect to which said resistance arms are moved to vary the electro-motive-force impressed upon said instrument.

35. The combination with a galvanometcr having a deflecting member, of a source of power, a potentiometer and a thermo-couple controlling said galvanometer, a resistance of said potentiometer varied by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, a second galvanometer whose deflection makes indication respecting temperature ofsaid thermo-couple, a resistance varied in accordance with changes of temperature of said couple controlling said instrument, and means actuated by said source of wer under control of said deflecting memr for varying said resistance.

36. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of a source of power, a potentiometer and a thermo-couple controlling said galvanometer, a resistance of said potentiometer varied by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, a second galvanometer the extent of whose deflection is a measure of the temerature of said couple, a Wheatstone bridge with which said galvanometer is associated, and means actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member for varying resistance relations in i said bridge to vary the electro-motive-force impressed upon said second galvanometer. 37. The combination with a galvanometer having a member capable of deflection in opposite directions, of a source of power, variable electrical means and an electrical device co-operating therewith to control said galvanometer, a clutch comprising a driving member driven by said source of power and controlled by said deflecting member, a driven member for varying said variable electrical means, an instrument capable of deflection in opposite directions and indicating thereby varlation of a condition of said electrical device from a predetermined value, a circuit controllin said instrument, and meanscontrolling sald circuit actuated by said driven clutch member.

38. The combination with a galvanometer, of a source of power, variable electrical means and a plurality of electrical devices adapted severally to co-operate with said means to control said galvanometer, said means varied by said source of power under control of said galvanometer, means for bringing said devices successively into cooperation with said first named means, and means for indicating which of said devices is co-operating with said first named means.

39. The combination with a galvanometer, of a source of power, variable electrical means and a plurality of electrical devices adapted severally to co-operate with said means to control said galvanometer, said means varied by said source of power under control of said galvanometer, means actuated by said source of power for bringing said devices successively into co-operation with said first named means, and means for indicating which of said devices is co-oper-' a device therewith controlling said galvanometer, a4 source of power, an instrument for making indication respecting a condition of said device, a circuit controllin said in-' strument, and means controlling said circuit actuated by said source of power under control of said deflectin member, said circuits being electrically in ependentof each other and co-operating only through actuation of said last named means by said source of power.

41 The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of a source of power, a temperature responsive device controlling said galvanometer, an instrument givinglndications respecting the temperature to which said temperature responsive device is subjected, a circuit for said instrument, a controller for said circuit actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, said circuits being electrically independent of each other and co-operating only through actuation of said controller by said source of power.

42. The combination with a deflecting member, of a source of power, a member adapted to produce a change in the deflection of said deflecting member and actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, a plurality of members adapted severally to co-operate with said second named member in control of said deflecting member, and means actuated by said source of power for bringing said members successively into co-operation with said second named member.

I 43. The combination with a deflecting member, of a source of power, a member adapted to produce a change in the deflection of said deflecting member and actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, a plurality of members adapted severally to co-operatewith said second named member in control of said deflecting member, a meter, a resistance detcrmining the deflection of said meter, means actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member for varying said resistance, and a recorder marker actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, for producing a record related to the indications of said meter.

44. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of a source of power, electrical means controlling said galvanometer comprising a device and a plurality of members adapted severally to cooperate with said device, said device actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, means for bringing said members successively into co-operation with said device, an instrument for making measurements respecting said last namedmembers, a Wheatstone bridge controlling said instrument, means actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member controlling resistance of said Wheatstone bridge, and a marker actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member for producing a record related to the indications of said instrument.

45. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of a source of power, electrical means controlling said galvanometer comprising a variable member and a plurality of temperature responsive devices adapted severally to co-operate with said variable member to control said galvanometer, said variable member actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, means for bringingsaid temperature responsive devices successively into co-operation with said varlable member, an instrument for making indications respecting the temperatures of said temperature responsive devices, a circuit including said instrument, means actuated by said source of power under control-of said deflecting member for varying said circuit, and a marker actuatedby said source of power under control of said deflecting member for producing a record related to the indications of the said instrument. I

46. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of a source of power, a potentiometer controlling said galvanometer, a plurality of thermo-couples, a resistance of said potentiometer adjusted by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, means for bringing said thermo-couples successively into co-operation with said potentiometer, an instrument for giving indications respecting the temeratures of said thermo-couples, a circuit including said instrument, means controlled by said deflecting member controlling said circuit, and a marker actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member for producing a record related to the indications of said instrument.

47. The combination with a deflectingmember, of a source of power, a device and a member co-operatively controlling deflec- .tionof said deflecting member, means actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member varylng the effect of sald device, an instrument for lndicatmg a condition of said device, means controlling said instrument actuated by said source of power, and a marker actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member for producing a record related to the indications of said instrument.

control of said galvanometer, said means being varied by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, an instrument making indication respecting the tem-. perature of said temperature responsive device, electrical means controlling said instrument varied by said source of power un-- der control of said deflecting member, and a marker actuated b said source of power under control of sai deflecting member for producing a record related to the indications of said instrument.

49. The combination with a galvanometer, of a source of power, variable electrical means and a plurality of electrical devices adapted severally to co-operate with said ,means to control said galvanometer, said means varied by said source of-power under control of said galvanometer, means for bringing said devices successively into cooperation with said first named means, means for indicating which of said devices is .co-opcrating with said first named means, an instrument for making indications respecting conditions of said devices, and a marker actuated by said source of power under control of said galvanometer to produce a record related to the indications of said instrument.

50. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of a circuit and Ya device therewith controlling said galvanometer, a source of power, an instrument for making indication respecting a condition of said device, a circuit cont-rolling said instrument, means controlling said circuit actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, said circuits being electrically independent of each other and co-operative only through actuation of said last named means by said source of power, and a marker actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member for making a record related to the indications of said instrument.

51. The combination with a plurality of temperature responsive devices, of a galvanometer and co-operating means for giving indications respecting temperatures of said devices, switching means for bringing said temperature responsive devices successivelyinto co-operative relation with respect to said galvanometer, and means for indicating which of said temperature responsive devices is at any given time in co-operativerelation with said galvanometer.

52. The combination with a plurality of temperature responsive devices, of a galvanometer and co-operating means for givin indications respecting temperatures of said devices, switching means for bringing said temperature responsive devices successively into co-operative relation with respect to said galvanomete and a group of signals indicating, respectively, 'difl'erent conditions respecting said temperature responsive devices.

53. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflectin member, of a circuit and a device therewit controlling said galvanometer, a source of power, an instrument for makin indication respecting a condition of sai device, a circuit controlling said instrument, means controlling said circuit actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, said circuits being electrically independent of each other and co-operating only through actuation of said last named means by said source of power, a grou of signals each indicating a different con ition respecting said devlce, and switching mechanism actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member controlling said signals.

54. The combination with a deflecting member, of a source of power, a member adapted to produce a change in the deflection of said deflecting member and actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, a plurality of devices adapted severally to co-operate with said second named member in controlling said deflecting member, means actuated by said source of power for bringing said devices successively into co-operation with said second named member, an indicator c0- operating with said means for indicating which of said devices is co-operating with said second named member, a meter for making indications respecting said devices, a resistance determining the deflection of said meter, means for varying said resistance.

actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member, and a second indicator for indicating the condition of said devices actuated by said source of power under control of said deflecting member.

55. The combination with a device responsive to changes in a condition, of a structure movable under control of said device, means for indicating changes in condition afl'ecting said device, and means operated by said movable structure controlling said indicating means.

56. The combination with a movable structure. of a device responsive to changes in a condition, a galvanometer controlled by said device and controlling movement of said structure, means responsive to movement of said structure, and an indicator controlled by said last named means.

57. The combination with a device responsive to changes in a condition, of a movable structure, a galvanometer controlled by said device and controlling said movable structure, a second galvanometer, an electrical circuit for said second galvanometer, and a resistance in said circuit varied by movement of said structure.

58. The combination with a device responsive to changes in a condition, of a movable structure, a lVheatstone bridge associated with said structure, movement of said structure varying the resistance relations of said Wheatstone bridge, and a deflecting galvanometer associated with said Wheatstone bridge for measuring by the extent of its-deflection the extent of change in said condition.

59. The combination with a temperature responsive. device, of amovable structure controlled thereby, a Wheatstone bridge having two arms movable with said structure, a fixed contact associated with said two arms, and a galvanometer associated with said Wheatstone bridge,

60. The combination with a thermocouple and an electrical circuit therefor, of a structure movable in response to potential changes in said circuit, a second electrical circuit, a resistance in said second circuit varied by movement of said structure, and an indicator in said second circuit, said circuits being electrically independent.

61. The combination with a thermocouple and an electrical circuit therefor, of a structure movable under control of said circuit, a Wheatstone bridge having two arms carried by said movable structure whereby the resistance relations of said \Vheatstone bridge are varied by movement of said structure, and a galvanometer in circuit with said Wheatstone bridge.

62. The combination with a thermocouple, of an electrical circuit for said thermo-couple. a structure movable under control of said thermo-couple, a second elec trical circuit including an instrument for indicating the temperature condition of said thermo-couple, and means operated by said structure controlling said indicator.

63. The combination with a temperature responsive device, of a group of signals for giving indications respecting the temperature of said device, means responsive to changes in temperature of said device controlling said signals individually, and a galvanometer controlled by said mea s for in dicating the temperature of said device.

64. The combination with a plurality of temperature responsive devices, of means for indicating the temperatures thereof. a group of signal lamps for indicating the tempera- .tures of said devices, and switching mechanism for periodically bringing said devices into co-operative relation with said indicating means and said group of lamps.

65. The combination with a plurality of temperature responsive devices, of means for indicating the temperatures thereof, a group of signal lamps for indicating the temperatures of said devices, switching mechanism for periodically bringing said devices into cooperative relation with said indicating means, and means responsive to changes n temperature of said devices controlling said lamps individually.

66. The combination with a device responsive to changes in a condition, of a movable structure, a Wheatstone bridge having two of its arms movable with said structure, and an instrument controlled by said Wheatstone bridge for giving indications respect? ing said condition.

67. The combination with a device responsive to changes in a condition, of a movable structure, meanscontrolled by said device controlling the extent of movement of said structure, a Wheatstone bridge having two arms movable'with said structure, and an indicating instrument controlled by said Wheatstone bridge for indirectly giving indications respectlng said condition.

68. The combination with a device re s onsive to changes in magnitude of a condition, of a plurality of signals for indicating diiferent magnitudes of said condition, means controlled by said device for controlling said signals individually, and a galvanometer controlled by said means for indicating different magnitudes of said condition.

69. The combination with a plurality of devices for producing electrical efi'ects corresponding with variations in magnitudes of conditions, of a galvanometer, a single group of signals individually controlled by said galvanometer, and switching mechanism for associating said devices one at a time with said galvanometer and with the same signals of said group.

.70. The combination with a plurality of temperature responsive devices, of a galvanometer, a single group of signals in-- dividually controlled by said galvanometer, and switching mechanism for associating ,said temperature responsive devices one at a time wlth said galvanometer and with the same signals of said group.

71. Thecombination with a plurality of devices for producing electrical eifects corresponding with variations in magnitudes of conditions, of a galvanometer, .a single group of signals individually controlled by said galvanometer, switching mechanism for associating said devices one at a time with said galvanometer and with the same signals of said group, and means for periodically actuating sa1d switching mechanism.

72. The combination with a plurality of devices for producing electrical efiects corresponding with variations in magnitudes of conditions, of a of conditions, of a galvanometer, a single group of signals individually controlled by said galvanometer, switching mechanism for associating said devices one at a time with said galvanometer and with the same signals of said group, and a second galvanometer controlled by said first named galvanometer for indicating said magnitudes of said conditions.

73. The combination with a plurality of temperature responsive devices, of a galvanometer, a single group of signals in- 'dividually controlled by said galvanometer,

switching mechanism for associating said temperature responsive devices one at a time with said galvanometer and with the same signals of said group, and a second galvanometer controlled by said first named galvanometer for indicating the magnitudes of said temperatures.

of conditions, of a galvanometer, a single group of signals, a movable structure whose movements are controlled by said galvanometer, switching mechanism moved by said movable structure for controlling said signals, and switching mechanism for associating said devices oneat a time with said galvanometer and therethrough with the same signals of said group. 7

76. The combination with a plurality of devices for producing electrical efi'ects corresponding with variations in magnitudes lvanometer, a sin le group of signals, switching mechanism or associating said devices one at a time with said galvanometer, and switching mechanism controlled by said'galvanometer for controlling the same signals individually for each of said devices, said last named switching mechanism comprising means for efl'ecting simultaneous display of a plurality of sa1d signals of said group.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature this 25th day of November, 1922.

HENRY BREWER.

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