USRE14435E - A cobpobation of new yobk - Google Patents

Description

E. A. SPERRY.

SHIP STABILIZING AND ROLLING APPARATUS.

' 1 APPLICATION man ocr.29. 191 Relssucd-lmb. 19, 1918.

QISHEETSJ-SHEET I.

INVENTOR E. A; SPERRY, SHIP STABILIZING AND ROLLING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 29, 19!].-

Reis sued Feb. -19, 1918.

14,435. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

llVl/E/V TOR [/MZ-R HEPERRY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

i EIJMEB A. SPEEDY, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGN'OR TO THE SPERRY GYROSCOPE COMPANY, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, A

CORPORATION OF"N EW YORK.

Specification of Reissued Letters Patent. Reissued Feb, 19, 1918,

ori inal K0.'1,232,619, dated Jul 10,1911, Serial No. 716, filed January 6, 1915. Application for reissue filed October 29, 1917. Serial No. 199,202.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ELMER A. SPERRY, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Brookl n, in the county of Kings, State'of New Yhrk, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ship Stabilizing and Rolling Apparatus, of which the followin is a specification.

This invention relates to stabilizing or rolling apparatus for ships and other oscillatory bodies and has particular reference to the control of gyroscopic stabilizing apparatus so constructed and arranged that angular displacements of the ship bring about the control of an engine or motor which applies torques or imparts angular motion to one or more gyroscopes, the iinpressedgangular motion being of a.precessional'character so that the gyroscope transmits through its frame a stabilizing force uponthe ship. An example of this kind of apparatus is shown in my patent on ships gyroscopes 1,150,311, August 17th, 1915.

Accordi to the present invention the precession e gine or motor, or its electromagneticcluteh mechanism or other device whereby power is transmitted to the stabilizing gyroscopes to impress precessional movements upon them, is automatically controlled by nzeans acting responsively to the angular velocity of the ships movements with respect to the axis about which stabilination is to be effected.

According to my invention. I make use of an auxiliary gyroscope to control the main gyroscopes or other means for applying periodic rolling torques to the ship. The main gyroscope may be controlled through a precession engine or other means for applying torques thereon by the variations which take place between the position of "the auxlliary gyroscope and fixed points on the ship. By such means a highly sensitive control is effected,which is responsive to an in eipient roll of the ship.

Further objects of my invention are to. so construct the device that it may be readily used for rolling a ship to enable it to break ice or work its way ofi' a sand bank, to provide against damage to the apparatus by excessive or unusual rolling of the ship; and to rovide means whereby, during heavy rolling, the stabilizing efiect of the apparatus is applied only at the period of maximum velocity of roll, whereby the maximum stabilizing effect is secured with a minimum displacement of the stabilizing gyroscope or gyroscopes.

Other objects of the invention will appear as I proceed to describe a specific embodiment of my invention, shown in the accompanying drawings.

eferring, now, to the drawings: Figure 1 is a plan view of a pair of stabilizing gvroscopes with novel form of control applied, showing the master gyroscope for governing the'precession engine and the precession engine. Pa ts of the auxiliary apparatus are shown dihgrammatically.

' Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the stabilizing gyroscopes. r Fig. 3 is a detailed end preferred mounting for the control gyroscope, showing the means actuated by said gyroscope for regulating the brake mechanism cooperating with the stabilizing gyroscopes.

Fig. 4 is a detailed section of a clutch shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic View of the means employed to control the period of ac tivity of the stabilizing gyroscopes.

F ig. 6 is a plan view of a detail.

Fig. 7 is adetail, being a section on a line 7-7 of Fig. 5

For exertingrolling torques on the ship I prefer to employ one or more gyroscopes. The so-called rolling torques exerted by these gyroscopes are so applied as to oppose' the rolling of the ship when the gyroscopes are stabilizing the ship, and to increase the roll of the ship when the gyroscopes are used to roll the ship. In other words. the gyroscopes exert similar torques in the two inelevation of the stances, but the synchronis n between the torques and the roll of the ship is reversed in the two instances. In this embodiment of the invention two stabilizing gyroscopes are shown, comprising two rotor or gyro wheels A and B which are kept in constant rotation in any manner,'preferably by acting as rotors of induction motors not shown. The rotors AB are journaled respectively -in bearing-frames A and B, which in turn are mounted rotatably about parallel'vertical axes in a common frame 0 secured to the Cir ship. The spinning axis of each gyro wheel is normally athwartships, and the frames may or may not be connected together by a centralizing spring D. The pivoted frames A B are also preferablv provided with the in-.

ten-engaging gear segments A ]3 respectivelyand the frame B is also shown as provided with a second toothed segment B for engagement with a worm E on shaft E The worm shaft is normally fidle, but clutches F G are adapted to temporarily secure it to power-driven toothed wheels F G. A simple form of clutch is shown in Fig. 4 in whichdisk 21 is keyed to shaft E while gear F is loosely mounted thereon. Within said gear is a winding F 'into which current is lead by brushes 22 hearing on slip rings 23. Upon excitation ofwinding F. the clutch faces of disk 2]. and gear F, will be drawn into frictional engagement, as will be readily apparent. .-The

scopes toothed wheels F G are shown as rotated in opposite directions through spur and bevel gearing'from an electric motor H, that if the clutch G locks the worm shaft to .the gear G the worm shaft is'rot ate din one direction while clutch F causes rotation in the other direction,

5,8 andfS .are three switches hereinafter referred to. The current for energizing the one or the other of the clutches is' cession is imparted to the two gyroscopes A 'and B in such a way that stresses aretransmitted through the frame C to suppress or ncutralizethe rolling motion, and when the ship commences to. roll to the other side, the other clutch is energized and the forced precession of'the gyroscopes is in the oppositesen'se, thereby causing stresses to again suppress or neutralize the rolling motion.

The worm and worm wheel constructionv for applying precessionalforces on thegyroossesses especlal advantages in this particu ar construction. It not only 1s of .use in applying powerful acceleratingtorques about the precession axis, but automatically becomes a powerful brake or stop, when the motor is cut out as hereinafter explained, since, as is well known, whenever attempt is made to drive a worm from. a

worm wheel the frictional losses are very great so that a powerfulbraking effect is produced. TlllS effect is of course dependent somewhatupon the pitch of the worm, beingso great with. worms of small pitch such as shown 1n Fig. 1 as to act as a lock In order to assist this braking effect 1 prefer to employ an electrically controlled brake M on];

.the worm shaft, the details of which are hereinafter described.

The means shown ,in Figs. 1 and 2 for energizing one or other of the clutches reand a piston 26. Said piston is securedto a tension wire or rod 27Yhav1ng its inner end secured to rotor bearing frame 28. An

incipient roll of the ship causes the casing sponsively to the rolling motion of the ship shown as mounted within a housing 25 between a cap 10 threaded within said houslng 1 of-the gyroscope K to turn about its vertical axis and thereby close the circuit of one or the other of theclutches F or G by-contact of one or other of two springs K K with one or other of two contacts F G The gyroscope, being of small size, is highly responsive in its .precessional movements to angular velocity of the ships rolling movements, and a very small angular velocity, such as corresponds to an incipient roll, brings about' actuation of the stabilizing gyroscopes, thus insuring very close stabilization. The degree of'sensitiveness of the gyroscope K or the value of the angular velocity at which the gyroscope operates to close one or other of the clutch circuits can be regulated by adjusting the centralizing springs K K, by turning the threaded caps 10.

So long as the gyroscope K is in its centralized position the clutch circuits are" broken and the gyroscopes remain locked.

To increase this action an electromagnet L is included in these circuits, Saidelectromagnet L is adapted to coiiperate with a springscontrolled brake'shoe M which normally presses against a collar or brake drum M on theworm shaft E. When the circuit of either of the clutches F or G is closed, the electro-magnet L is energized and the brake shoe M is attracted away from the collar 1 against the action of compression spring 31 thus permitting the worm shaft E to be driven by the excited clutch. Immediately, however, the clutch is deenergized, the electromagnetL also becomes deenergized and the brake shoe M returns into engagement with the collar M.,"thus arresting the rotation of the worm shaft and thereby promptly. stopping the precession of the stabilizing gyroscopes.

It may be here explained that if the switch S is thrown into its lower position,

the electrical connections of the clutches F t the above described action takes place,-

namely any rolling motion of the ship serves to energize the opposite clutch and to impress forces upon the ship which produce further rolling, at the end of which, when the ship starts to roll backor oppositely, the opposite contact is closed and the other clutch is energized and the. forced precession of the gyroscopes is reversed, \ehereby again causing increased roll in a dir ction opposite to the first, and so on back and forth, always automatically in strict step with the natural period of the ship, until the friction of the ship, due to her form-line resistance,

balances the rolling increments received from the gyroscopes, whereu on no further increase in rolling amplitu e takes place, but theship-rolls on and on continuously. It will be understood that forced rolling of a ship is adx antageous in some cases as for example, forbreaking through ice or for working ofi' a sandbank.

In connection with stabilizing gyros|.:o i-es on ships, I find it preferable toprovide a brake or stop-device to control the gyroscope in the event it is unable to prevent an excessive rolling of the ship. Without such a device, the gyroscopes would precess about their vertical axes until their spinning axes would turn. into the fore and aft line of the ship, in which position they would exert no stabilizing effect on the ship, and would become ungo-vcrnable. One form of braking apparatus is shown in the accompanying drawings. Referring in particular to Fig. 3 in conjunction with Figs. 1 and 2 it will be noticed that as soon as either of the circuits 'through the contacts F 2 (l is completed,

further angular movement of the controlling gyroscope K is initiallv arrested by abnt ments K K"; These abutments form part I of a swinging frame K which carries the aforesaid contacts F G, and is suitably mounted for movement, as by the parallel springs K K. The frame K is, however, centralizedby springs in housings K, which are stronger than the springs K and therefore hold the frame K in the position shown onthe drawings until the angular velocity of the ship becomes so high as to give rise to forces sufficient to overcome these springs K", ,which then yield and move. with the iiinil finally arrested by stops K secured to the base or snpportAO of the apparatus. Du ring'the lateral excursion of the frame K, however. contacts T are made to engage a series of resilient contacts T, each a little farther removed from the contact T than the one before. These contacts are so connected that, assuming the switches S S to be closed, a

through a magneticall mechanism, represente variable current will flow controlled brake by the solenoid U gvroscope K in one or the other .direction 'of supply J to the solenoid U and back to the source, as will be seen from the drawing. Under these conditions a brake band 0 (Figs. 1 and 2) is fully applied with its maximum pressure to a brake drum N, the solenoid core V pulling a brake lever P to its full extent over to the left against a retractile spring P. Lover -P isshown as pivoted at 1 and linked adjacent its inner end to the end 2 of the brake band. It will be readily understood that when the intermediate contacts T are engaged, the pull of the solenoid andconsequently the force with which the brake is applied is reduced and proportional to the number of contacts T in "engagement with the moving contact T. It will thus be seen that the brake band 0, tending to hold and control the precessional motion of the main gyroscopes .is never applied until excessive angular velocities of t e ship due to excessive roll arise and then is applied to a greater or less extent in proportion as this angular velocity increases or decreases. Thus the p'recessional motion of the gyroscopes is controlled by means additional to the motor H, on brake M which means not proportionately, not to the angufining the periods of actixity of the gyro-' scopes closely to the periods of maximum "elocity of roll of the ship. Referring in j particular to Figs. and 6. in conjunction with Fig. 2, assume that the switch S is open and the switch s as open also. It is seen that the circuit of the battery J and clutches F and G is by way of a rollerX and a wedgeshaped plate X. The roller X is carried by a counterlmlanced arm m or pendulum.

either gyroscopic or simple. .whichis pivoted on horizontal trunnions Xtand provided with an upwardly extending arm 02* carrying a lateral pin or roller a normally embraced by the upright arms of two bent levers Z Z pivoted. at z and drawn together by a springs. The said levers are formed with interengaging toothed segments 32 so that the. movement of one lever automatically causes equal and oppositely directed movement ofthe other. The lever Z is formed 4 with anyarme connected by a link a with a dash pot a", and the lever Z is formed with an arm 2 connected by any suitable link mechanism with the wedge shaped plate X in'such a manner that a downward angular movementof-the arm 2 causes .the'link mechanism to thrust'the plate transversely beneaththe roller X in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 6. This linkage tive'topand fro movements between .the'ship' may comprise a lever 3 pivoted adj acent one end to arm 2 and ad acent 1ts other en'dto a. forked arm 4: whlch is secured to a shaft 5 rotatably mounted in bearings 6.. -Also se cured to shaft 5 is a second arm 7 at right angles to arm t, which is pivotally secured to rod 8 on plate- X; It will be readilyseen that the longitudinal movement of lever 3 will rock arm 7 and move rod- 'fithrough its bearings 9 carrying within li e I It will be understood from t ffore g'oing descriptir, u that when the ship rolls, the relaand the pendulum cause thamnea Xe to run to and fro across the surface of the vplateXQancl also cause the pin to thrust the two arms Z Z? outward alternately These armssimultaneously spread apart in opposition to the spring 2; the link mechalnism attachedto the arm a then moves the "supp plateX beneath the'roller X, and the return movements of the'parts to their normal positiorris retarded 'by the dash pot a. The

operation ofthe parts is' as folloWsz-SO the stabilizing gyroscopes are able to ss rolling of the ship in its incipient stage,relative movements between the roller X andtheplate X have no effect upon the f supplycf "current from the battery to the scopesia'nd maintaining tion'so its oscillation electrom'agnetic clutches, because the relativeinovement is not sufficient to cause the rollr 'to run 01f the plate. When however thei' stabilizing gyroscopes are unable to supan on-1m ship in its incipient stages g persistent excessive wave impulses, i will be understood that each oscillation of the f'shipibeyond a predetermined amount represented by the Width of the plate X 'at the portion traversedby the roller X on the I plateX".ca=uses the roller to runfoifthe plate and thereby break the circuit ofthe electromagnetic clutches F and G thereby preventing the power of the precession engine from being transmitted tothe," tabilizing gyrooc'kedwhile thejjshi is passing th; ughftlie excess por- As soon,'however,as the ship, 'onoscillating back towardits normar or even-keel?" position, arrives Within a predetermined distance of this position,

oscillation of the ship.

the roller X again l'nakes contact "with the plate X and the circuit of the respectlve electromagnetic clutch is closed, with the result-that the power of the'precession motor,

is transmitted to the stabilizing gyroscopes and the latter therefore are allowed to prewhen their stabilizing efiect'upon the ship is greatest. Moreover it will be understood that the greater the excessive roll of the ship and therefore the greater theneed for effective stabilization, the shorter becomes the path between the roller X and the plate X,

because, as hereinbefore explained, the plate is shifted beneath the roller to an extent proportional to the average amplitude of The longitudinal adjustment .of the plate X in proportion to theaverage amplitude of oscillation ofthe ship causes the period of activity. of the stabilizing gyroscopes to be regulated accordingly; the greater the amplitude of oscillation of the ship, the more nearly is, the period of activity of the stabilizing gyroscopes confined to the "instant of maximum velocity of the ship, and in consequence the more intense is the stabilizing force exerted,

which is the result desired.

In some casesit may be advantageous to employ the brake mechanism as described with reference to Figs. 2 and 4k in addition to thearrangement first described with reference to- Figs. 2, 5 and 6. In such cases the cess, receive their precessional movements and exert their gyroscopic reactlon at periods switch S is closed and the switch S is opene hal'id an electroniagnet W is provided for normally attracting a pivoted armature W against a stop W and thereby keepinga short circuit closed around the roller X and plate X as shown clearly in Figs. 1 and 5. The winding of the electromagnet W is in shunt with the contacts T,T, and it will therefore be understood that when, owingto excessive roll of the ship, the resistance R is gradually cut out of circuitthe proportion of the current passing through the electromagnet winding gradually decreases, thereby decreasing its attractive power on the armature W. Hence so long as the strength of the current flowing to the solenoid U does not exceed a predetermined value the arma- 'ture VV' remains attracted. and the roller X and plate'X are kept outof effective action by being shortcircuited, but at a predetermined increase of strength of the current flowing to the said solenoid U, the electro-magnet V is so weakened that the armature VV moves, away from the contact VW, and the roller X and plate X are thereby thrown into action to limitthe periods of activity of the gyroscopes as already described.

Although the device for controlling the precession engine or motor has usually been referred to as agyroscope (K) .it will be understood that the controlling device need not be gyroscopic in its operation provided it is responsive to the rolling movements of the ship. It Wlll also be understood that although the gyroscopes have been referred to chiefly as exerting a stabilizing influence upon the rolling movements of a ship, they can equally well be utilized to impart rollin movement to the ship, as already pointed ou The. peculiar adaptability of the mechaniSm shown in Figs. 5 and 6 to rolling a ship should also be noted. By means of this apparatus, after the ship is oncestarted to ro1 well, the rolling may be maintained with little expenditure of energy as the precession engine will be actuated at only rief intervals of time at the period' of maximum rollin effect. The action of the 'apparatus wou d be comparable to a person in f a swing who is given a push each time he passes the vertical position.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I have herein described the principle of operation of m invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof, but I desire to have it understood that the ap aratus shown is only'illustrative and that the invention can be carried out by other means. Also, while it is designed to use the various features and elements in the combination and relations described, some of these may be altered and others omitted without interfering with the more general results outlined, and the invention extends to such use.

Having now particularly described and and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that What I claim is 1. A stabilizing device for ships-and other devices subject to similar oscillationscomprising a gyroscope, and means'brought into action by precession of the gyroscope for exertin a stabilizing efiect, upon the ship.

2. i stabilizing device forships and other devices subject to similar oscillations comprising a gyroscope and means brought into action by the precession of the gyroscope caused by a. tendency of the ship to roll for exerting a force on the ship opposed to said; rollin tendency. Y

3. E rolling device for ships comprising a gyroscope mounted on the ship, and means responsive to relative movement between the ship and gyroscope for exerting a rocking or osclllatin movement tow the ship.

4. A re ling device for ships comprising a gyrosc emounted on the ship, and means responsive to relative movement between the ship and gyroscope for exertin a rockmg or oscillating movement to the 5 ip at interascertained the nature of my said invention .tial precession for'accelerating the action,

vals corresponding to the period of roll of the ship.

5. A rolling device for ships comprising a gyroscope mounted on the ship, and means responsive to precession of the gyroscope caused by a tendency of the ship to roll for exerting a rocking or oscillating movement in the direction of said rolling tendency.

6. Ina gyroscopic apparatus for ships, a gyroscope mounted on the ship so that roll ing of the ship will cause precession of the gyroscope, a second gyroscope mounted on the ship,'.and means responsive to the precession of said first gyroscope for controllingsaid second gyroscope.

7 The combination with a body subject to oscillations, of a gyroscope mounted thereon so that oscillation of said body causes precession of said gyroscope, yielding means for opposing said precession, a torqueapplying device,and means responsive to said precession for bringing into action said device.

'8. The combination with a body subject to oscillations, of a gyroscope mountedthereon so that oscillation of sand body causes precession of said gyroscope, yielding means for opposing said precession, a torque applying device, means responsive to said precession for bringing into action said device, and means whereby the relation between said gyroscope and said device may be reversed.

9. The combination with a body subject to oscillations, of a gyroscope mounted thereon so that oscillation of said body causes precession of said gyroscope, yielding means for opposing said precession, a torque applying device, and means responsive to said precession for accelerating the action of said torque applying device.

10. The combination with a body subject to oscillations, of a gyroscope mounted thereon so that oscillation of said body causes precession of said gyroscope, yielding means for opposing said precession, a torque applying device, means responsive to an iniandto a' further precession for retarding the action of said device.

11. The combinationwith a ship, of means for exerting periodic rolling torques thereon and means responsive to the-velocity of roll for governing the actionof said other means.

12. The combination with a ship, of means for exerting periodic rolling torques thereon, and means responsive to the direction and velocity of roll for governing the actioof said other means. y

13. The combination with a ship, of a gyroscope mounted therein for exerting torques thereon, power means for applying perlodic torques on said gyroscope and meansresponsive to the velocity of roll for controlling said power means. v

14. In a gyroscope apparatus for oscillatory bodies, a main gyroscope mounted for precessional movements, power means for V governing the precessional movements, an

auxiliary gyroscope, and means responsive to precessional movements of said auxiliary gyroscope forcontrolling said power means 15. In a gyroscope apparatus-for oscillatory bodies, a main gyroscope mounted for preeessional movements, power means for governing the precessional moveinents, an auxiliary gyroscope, yielding centralizing means for said gyroscope, and means responsive to preces'sional movements of said auxiliary gyroscope for controlling said power means. v

16. In a gyro'scoplc stab lizing or rolling apparatus, a main gyroscope mounted for precessional movements, power means for accelerating and retarding said precessional movements comprising a worm wheel 4 mounted about the precessional axis, a worm meshingwith said Worm wheel, a motor for driving said Worm, and meanst'or governing the direction of the torques applied through the Worm. i

l7. Ina gyroscopic stabilizing or rolling apparatus, a main gyroscope mounted for precessional movements, power means "for governmg I sald f precessional movements,

means rcsponsiveto rollingflof theship for controlling; said power means, and 1 addithepowermeanss k I p p 18. "In a #gyroscopic stabilizing or rolling apparatus, 'aQmain, gyroscope mounted for tional meansfor automatically cutting out precessional "movement's, power means for governing meansresponsive to rolling of the ship for; A controlling said power means, and addisaid precessional movements,

tional;meansresponsiveto the heeling of the ship for automatically cutting out the power 19-. In a gyros apparatus a main gyroscope mountedfor 4 5 t p r governing said" 'precessional movements,

means responsive tojirollmg of the ship, forcopic stabilizing orv rolling precessional" movements, power means, for

controlling said power means, and additiona l means: for automatically cutting out thepower means and applyinga brake about said precession axis,

20. The combination with an oscillatory mass, of'a stabilizing or rollinggyroscope I mass, of a gyroscope therefor, a procession, eng inefor governing thec precession of the ili'a'ry gyroscope.

' therefor, a precessionjengine for controlling v the precession ofthe gyroscope, an auxiliary gyroscope, means controlled by the initial.

:precession of said auxiliary gyroscope for a governing said precession engine, and brakr fimgmeans for the stabilizing gyroscope *con-' prepesslon of said aiixtrolled bv a further combination? with an oscillatory gyroscope, a controller therefor operated by the oscillating movement of the mass, and means for confining the operatlon oi said controller to the periods, duringwhich the mass is in or near its normal position.

22. The combination Wlth an oscillatory mass, of a gyroscope therefor, a precession engine for governingthe precesslon of the i gyroscope,,a controller therefor operated by theoscillating movement of the mass, and

means for confining the operation of said means for confining the operation of said precession engine to a predeterm ned period in each'cycle of operation." v

24. The combination with an oscillatory mass, of a gyroscope therefor, a precession engine forfgoverning .theprecession of the gyroscopet'a controller therefor operated by the oscillating movement of the mass, means for confining theoperation of said precession engine to a, predetermined period in each cycle of operation, and means respon"- SIVG to the amplltude of the I rolling for varying the length of said peric 1.

25. In a gyroscopic stabilizing or rolling apparatus,[a main gyroscope mounted for precessional movements, power means for? governing said precessional movements] comprising a worm wheel mounted about the precessional axis, a worm meshing with said each cycle, whereby, durin period of each cycle, precession of the gyroscope is prevented. I 26. The c'ombinat'ionswith an oscillatory body, of a gyroscopefmounted thereon for precessionrelative thereto, a precession engine for controlhng said precession, 9, normally inoperative brake adapted to brake the gyroscope about its precession axis, and

of 'said engine and applying said brake upon a predeterminedevent.

automatic'means for cuttingout'the action 27. The combination with an oscillatory a body, of a plurality of gyroscopes mounted worm WheeL a' motor for driving said Worm a motor for drivingfsaid worm, and means for confining the effective operation of said motor to a predetermined period in the remaining thereon for, precesslon relativecthereto, an \i j electrically controlled brake for braking the precession of a gyr0scope,. and a switch adapted'to be actuated by precession of a gyroscope for causing said brake to be up plied. i

28 combination with an oscillatory body, ofa plurality ofgyroscopes mounted hereon for precession relative thereto, a

" brake for opposing precession of a gyrocession of a gyroscope for applying said brake.

30. The combination with an oscillatory body, of a plurality of gyroscopes mounted thereon for precession relative thereto, .8.

precession engine and a brake foigovernmg the precession of a portion of the oscopes, means responslve to the initial precession of another of the gyroscopes for operating said engine and means responsive to a further PIGCGSSIOII'Of said other gyroscopes for applying said brake.

31. The combination with a ship,of a stabilizing gyroscope therefor,.means for braking said gyroscope about its precessional axis and means for releasing the brake a predetermined interval after a reversal of roll of the ship has taken place.

32. The'combination with an oscillatory mass, of a stabilizing gyroscope thereformounted for precession with respect thereto, and means for limiting the periods of precessionv of the gyroscope to the phases of maximum velocity of oscillation of the mass.

33. ,The combination with anoscillatory mass, of a stabilizing gyroscope therefor mounted for precession with respect thereto, and means for limiting the periods of precession' of the gyroscope to predetermined p ortions'of the oscillations of the mass.

34. The combination with a ship;of a stabilizing roscope therefor, means for braking sa1' gyroscope about its precessional axis, means for releasing the brake a predetermined interval after a reversal of roll of the ship has taken-place, and means for varying the length of said interval.

The combination with an oscillatory mass, of a stabilizing gyroscope therefor mounted for precession with respect thereto,

means for limiting the periods of'precession of the gyroscope to the phases of maximum velocity of oscillation of the mass, and means for varying the length of the said periods responsive to a function of the roll of said mass.

36. The combination with a ship, of a stabilizing gyroscope therefor, means for brak ing: said gyroscope about its. precessional arms and means for causing said brake to be applied before and released after a reversal in the -roll of the ship takes place. j

37. The combination with a shlp, of a stabilizing gyroscope therefor, means for brak- 1 ing said gyroscope about. its preces'sional axis, means for causing said brake to be applied before and released after a reversal 1n the roll of the ship takes place, and means responsive to the roll for varyin the points at-which the brake is applied an released.

38. The combination with an oscillatory mass, of a stabilizing gyroscope therefor mounted for precession with respect thereto, and means for altering the eriodsof activity of the gyroscope according o the amplitude of oscillation of the mass."

39. The combination with an oscillatory mass of a stabilizing gyroscope therefor mounted for precession with respectthereto, means for limiting the periods of precession of the gyroscope to t e phases ofmaximum veloclty of oscillation of the mass, means for normally cutting out said limiting means, and means responsiveto the velocity of roll of the mass for rendering such cut out means inoperative.

In testimony whereof I hereby aflix my

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