USRE13186E - P xibod - Google Patents

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Publication number: USRE13186E
Authority: US; United States
Prior art keywords: metal; electrodes; electrode; furnace; working
Prior art date: 1910-12-27

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Publication date

1910-12-27

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the size of the-electrodes, and therefore of the solidified metal is made sufliciently large that no heating by resistance takes place, as this would cause the fusion of th metal.
IVe have, therefore, a furnace with one o r more upper electrodes and one or more lower electrodes, thev portion of the lower electrodes in contact with the metal in fusion being in this ease of the same metal as that which is being fused, ferro-chrome, for example.
the carbon of the lower electrodes is never in contact with the fused metal and the upper electrode is regulated in such a manner that it also does not touch the fused metal, but onlyV the slag formed by the fluxes and the fused ore.
Fig. 3 shows the furnace at work.
ol electrode 11 isimmersed in the layer of slag 2 16, floating on the layer 1T of fused metal which covers the deposit 1S, 19, of metal solidified at the'lower electrodes 5 and 6.
the furnace thus constituted may work with a continuous or alternating current, etc., and at various voltages; one or more upper electrodes form one of the poles, and one or more electrodes, embedded in the masonry and protected by a'layer of solidiole.
the lower electr ⁇ es may be rendered electrically independent of the hearth, by forming in the masonry' a space for the passage of the electric leads and by insulating these leads in their passage through the sheet metal bottom 3.
the different electrodes may be connected together in parallel or in series.
the electrodes embedded in the masonry may ⁇ also be placed at the vsides of the furnace; however, they ,should always be arranged in such a manner that the metal in their neighborhood may be solidified, that is to say, they should not be too near to the upper electrode.
the regulation of the temperature in the furnace moreover allows the' zone of fusion to be limited.
the metal and slag may be separately tapped through holes arranged at different levels if necessary, or at the same time through a single hole.
the furnace may without departing'from this invention be a fixed one and it may if necessary be provided with a cover.
Figs. 4 and 5 show an oscillating circular furnace, especially designed for the manufacture of steel, cast iron, etc..v
the pole embedded inthe masonry 20 is preferably formed ot' a cast iron ring 2l, pro-vided with a water circulation 2Q.
This ring becomes immediately covered lwith a layer 23 of solidified metal which then itself leads the current tothe metal 24 in a state 'of fusion.
the upper pole is formed ofione or several electrodes 25 and thel current passes through the slag 26 and the fused ore.
the electric lead embedded in the masonry may equally well be arranged at the .sides or anywhere else, either bynieans of a circular continuous ring, as is the case in this furnace, or by means of separate electrodes, the said electrodes being formed either of cast iron, graphite, or of any other conducting material. It is sufficient merely that they are always placed in such a manner as not to attain too high a degree of temperature which would melt the metal which is intended to serve as a connection between thev fused metal and the said electrodes.
The, slag serves as a resistance between the fused metal and the electrodes.
the furnace may moreover Le used equally asa simple arc furnace by causing the electrode to project above the slag.
i decarbonization, dcsulfurizing, dephosphorizing, etc. may take place by any of the usual methods.
the voltage is chosen in a suitable manner for each manufacture; in certain cases, it may be fairly low and the layer of slag above the fusednietal be extremely thin; in other cases, it is made higher, if the resistance be greater.
tlre electrodes as out of vertical alinement, and as out of alinexnent withr each other both vertically and horizontally.
out of vertical alinement means that the working ends of the opposed electrodes (in order to extend the path of the electric heating current through the bath and therefore to increase the generation of heat vin the bath) are .not in the same vertical line; and that out of alinenient with veach other both vertically and horizontally means that the working ends of the opposed electrodes are not in the same vertical line and are at different horizontal levels.
An electric metallurgical furnace com prising-a refractory working hearth, a lower electrode, means for causing part of the metal to unite with the saine, and an upper electrode held in'contact with the slag but out of contact with the fused metal; substan-v tial-ly described.
An electric furnace having opv osed upper and lower electrodes 'out o vertical alinexnent, the lower electrode belng formed partly by the metal. to be treated;- substantially as described.
An electric'furnace having opgaosed upper and lower' electrodes out o vertical alinernent, and means for cooling the lower' electrode, part of ead lower electrode being formed by the metal to be treated; substantially ns described, i

Description

P. GIRon. ELECTRIC FUBNACE FOB METALLUBGIGAL PURPOSES. l

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 5, 1909.

Reissued Dec. 27, 1910.

' fied metal, the other the other hand, the size of the-electrodes, and therefore of the solidified metal, is made sufliciently large that no heating by resistance takes place, as this would cause the fusion of th metal. IVe have, therefore, a furnace with one o r more upper electrodes and one or more lower electrodes, thev portion of the lower electrodes in contact with the metal in fusion being in this ease of the same metal as that which is being fused, ferro-chrome, for example. In such a furnace, therefore, the carbon of the lower electrodes is never in contact with the fused metal and the upper electrode is regulated in such a manner that it also does not touch the fused metal, but onlyV the slag formed by the fluxes and the fused ore. A

Fig. 3 shows the furnace at work. The

ol electrode 11 isimmersed in the layer of slag 2 16, floating on the layer 1T of fused metal which covers the deposit 1S, 19, of metal solidified at the'lower

electrodes

5 and 6.

The furnace thus constituted may work with a continuous or alternating current, etc., and at various voltages; one or more upper electrodes form one of the poles, and one or more electrodes, embedded in the masonry and protected by a'layer of solidiole.

The lower electr` es may be rendered electrically independent of the hearth, by forming in the masonry' a space for the passage of the electric leads and by insulating these leads in their passage through the sheet metal bottom 3. In this case, the different electrodes may be connected together in parallel or in series. The electrodes embedded in the masonry may `also be placed at the vsides of the furnace; however, they ,should always be arranged in such a manner that the metal in their neighborhood may be solidified, that is to say, they should not be too near to the upper electrode. The regulation of the temperature in the furnace moreover allows the' zone of fusion to be limited.

The metal and slag may be separately tapped through holes arranged at different levels if necessary, or at the same time through a single hole. f

c. The furnace may without departing'from this invention be a fixed one and it may if necessary be provided with a cover.

Figs. 4 and 5 show an oscillating circular furnace, especially designed for the manufacture of steel, cast iron, etc..v In this case, the pole embedded inthe masonry 20 is preferably formed ot' a cast iron ring 2l, pro-vided with a water circulation 2Q. This ring becomes immediately covered lwith a layer 23 of solidified metal which then itself leads the current tothe metal 24 in a state 'of fusion. The upper pole is formed ofione or several electrodes 25 and thel current passes through the slag 26 and the fused ore.

As above stated, the electric lead embedded in the masonry may equally well be arranged at the .sides or anywhere else, either bynieans of a circular continuous ring, as is the case in this furnace, or by means of separate electrodes, the said electrodes being formed either of cast iron, graphite, or of any other conducting material. It is sufficient merely that they are always placed in such a manner as not to attain too high a degree of temperature which would melt the metal which is intended to serve as a connection between thev fused metal and the said electrodes. The, slag serves as a resistance between the fused metal and the electrodes. The furnace may moreover Le used equally asa simple arc furnace by causing the electrode to project above the slag.

The manufacture of steel and of cast irontakes place in exactly the saine manner as in the usual Inethnds of manufacture; refining,

i decarbonization, dcsulfurizing, dephosphorizing, etc., may take place by any of the usual methods.

The voltage is chosen in a suitable manner for each manufacture; in certain cases, it may be fairly low and the layer of slag above the fusednietal be extremely thin; in other cases, it is made higher, if the resistance be greater.

In eertainof the claims forming a partof this specification, I have referred to tlre electrodes as out of vertical alinement, and as out of alinexnent withr each other both vertically and horizontally. These expressions are to be'understood in the sensev that out of vertical alinement means that the working ends of the opposed electrodes (in order to extend the path of the electric heating current through the bath and therefore to increase the generation of heat vin the bath) are .not in the same vertical line; and that out of alinenient with veach other both vertically and horizontally means that the working ends of the opposed electrodes are not in the same vertical line and are at different horizontal levels.

Having thus fully described my lnvention, what I claim is 1. An electric metallurgical furnace com prising-a refractory working hearth, a lower electrode, means for causing part of the metal to unite with the saine, and an upper electrode held in'contact with the slag but out of contact with the fused metal; substan-v tial-ly described. 2. An electric furnace having opv osed upper and lower electrodes 'out o vertical alinexnent, the lower electrode belng formed partly by the metal. to be treated;- substantially as described.

3. An electric'furnace having opgaosed upper and lower' electrodes out o vertical alinernent, and means for cooling the lower' electrode, part of ead lower electrode being formed by the metal to be treated; substantially ns described, i

4, An electric furnace embodying opposed consisting in part ol :'1 liquid portion of the metal under treatment; substantially as de serlloed.

i). An electr-1e turnaee having a rernetory 'e electrodes 'that ere out of aline'ment with eaoll other both vertically and horizontally,

that portion of'one of' the electrodes in e011- tact with the metal in fusion being of the i Sinne ne'tzl its that, jl'iiel; its being fused, und io time other eleetrtngle bei" adjustable whereby il; may be kept, out o' e ,t with the fused metal and in eontnotonly with the Slag formed the flux and the fused ore; solo? stz'antially aan, Cribetl, in .rn eleetrif. 'l nace embodying oppoeel imljfr and lower electrodes, at refractory working limi" r lic ving formed itlii'n ta metal reeel fng; reeeesetthe enti et' one of lie electrode@I 'the other eleetroele being suranged to remain in Contact, with the slag formed by the lli is nml the fused ore; substantially es@ ribefl. y

il.. Ail elefla Lr. nace embodying upper :mtl ,lower trodee out of vertical aline-` nient, the lower electrode being zanzmlmr, and the furnace havin f1' fr nud-receiving ehem'- "nnnnler electrode; slibworl'ing lieurtl) for the reception of metal, z. 5o movable upper electrode uelllit'ed to lie lifted. out ot' Contact with the melted metal when the furnace is in operation, and a lower eleotrode pe ing through Said hearth :for ell-zo y tricl eonneetion with the working eleetrie '35 heating'ourrent, Said lower electrode consisting in part' fof a Solidiliefl portion 'olfthe metl under treatment; sulustantiixlljs zu; described l. An electric furnace lle-ving :L refr-:lee (go `tory Working hearth for the roce #ion ...i metal, a, movable upper eleetrorle zu inte-fl to be lifted out of commet with tlm, :.nrfltml metal when the furnace ji= in. opemtion, :Mnl

a' lower electrode pofsing tllrf Seid 41;, hearth :for electrical Connection. Working eleetric heating Current electrode-eonsisting in 'part o lnraic. tion nml in part of a soliti portion o'l the metal. ni'nlor treatment; substr-urti es tle- 7o serbefi, l ll. An electric furnilee lina'ie'ig :s re tory working hearth .for metal, a movable upper elect ode znlrtp be lifted out; of Contact 'with the meh netory worlimw rtlr of relatively large v Y l l :nee with resuena to its; demi-1, e lower eeemetall when che ferme@ 1f im entretien.,

' i rth and ema lower electrode pf Qing part of -lleartlil for electrical eonno w-i 1 Y, @xiti electrode, Working electric: heating mir l nl lower :nl im er depone j rode, adjust electrode eensistiog in vpurl' o? e nouirl por 5.-@ ,(1,19 with @39.551,0 be "rfiirnaeealgal-ge; sul tion of the nietul under 'ir ltnxei :malen Menti-illy ze rilwfl, i i patri; ot n solid condor-,lor capable olf f nzmr taining electrical connection with Seial liquid,

i3. lo elet: e il" rnnee having a refractory 1 V n'oifl'iiifig lieu th or the reception. of metal, portlon; substantluliy described,

:sigles sf,

4U n infomlgile 'in-9pol tide adapted to lie lift# 111 l'imony whereof, e my ed out olf with the melted metal ture, in presence of two wgttn 350,5,

'e is in operation, and e. v er lL/lt.

.sing through Saul hearth `lltneses:

the Working l* when the lower electron e mail loven, 4-5 rie lien tn 0 G. A. MMLLEfr, v

1t is hereby eer'tied 'that in Reissue 'Letters Patent No. 13,186, lgreetedi eeeml" S2-T," 19m, upon the apilieetion of Paul Girod, of Ugine, Frames, for an improve ment in .lleetrio Furnaces fory Metellr'gieal rposee, an error erjigpeers in 't'-e I printed speo'eetionrequiring correction ae fellows: age ,1, linel, the 'Weide the other heed, 'the size of thev-eleojtr-inles should be stricken out end. the erariale:V

fori'aaon flows :mr/0 me sav/la? ccifv'es, be inserted instead; and. that the eaf; Letters Patent eheuld be read with this eorrieetion therein that the game may een-form te the record the ease in the Potent. Ofee. l

Signed ind sealed tllie 31st day of January, A. D., 19H, l {SEAL- Y i I t elnmnesgj Acz'ng Commissione-Tof Paezbe.

Correction in 'Reissue Letters laten electrode, part of ead lower electrode being formed by the metal to be treated; substantially ns described, i